org.eclipse.rdf4j.common.net

## Class ParsedIRI

- java.lang.Object
- - org.eclipse.rdf4j.common.net.ParsedIRI

- All Implemented Interfaces:
    Serializable, Cloneable

      public class ParsedIRI
      extends Object
      implements Cloneable, Serializable

  Represents an Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) reference.

  Aside from some minor deviations noted below, an instance of this class represents a IRI reference as defined by RFC 3987: Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRI): IRI Syntax. This class provides constructors for creating IRI instances from their components or by parsing their string forms, methods for accessing the various components of an instance, and methods for normalizing, resolving, and relativizing IRI instances. Instances of this class are immutable.

  An IRI instance has the following seven components in string form has the syntax

  > [scheme`:`][`//`[user-info`@`]host[`:`port]][path][`?`query][`#`fragment]

  In a given instance any particular component is either undefined or defined with a distinct value. Undefined string components are represented by `null`, while undefined integer components are represented by `-1`. A string component may be defined to have the empty string as its value; this is not equivalent to that component being undefined.

  Whether a particular component is or is not defined in an instance depends upon the type of the IRI being represented. An absolute IRI has a scheme component. An opaque IRI has a scheme, a scheme-specific part, and possibly a fragment, but has no other components. A hierarchical IRI always has a path (though it may be empty) and a scheme-specific-part (which at least contains the path), and may have any of the other components.

  #### IRIs, URIs, URLs, and URNs

  IRIs are meant to replace URIs in identifying resources for protocols, formats, and software components that use a UCS-based character repertoire.

  Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a complement to the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI). An IRI is a sequence of characters from the Universal Character Set (Unicode/ISO 10646). A mapping from IRIs to URIs is defined using `toASCIIString()`, which means that IRIs can be used instead of URIs, where appropriate, to identify resources. While all URIs are also IRIs, the `normalize()` method can be used to convert a URI back into a normalized IRI.

  A URI is a uniform resource identifier while a URL is a uniform resource locator. Hence every URL is a URI, abstractly speaking, but not every URI is a URL. This is because there is another subcategory of URIs, uniform resource names (URNs), which name resources but do not specify how to locate them. The `mailto`, `news`, and `isbn` URIs shown above are examples of URNs.

  #### Deviations

  jar: This implementation treats the first colon as part of the scheme if the scheme starts with "jar:". For example the IRI jar:http://www.foo.com/bar/jar.jar!/baz/entry.txt is parsed with the scheme jar:http and the path /bar/jar.jar!/baz/entry.txt.

  Since:
    2.3
  Author:
    James Leigh
  See Also:
    RFC 3987: Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRIs),
    RFC 3986: Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax, Serialized Form

- - ### Constructor Summary

    Constructors
    Constructor and Description
    `ParsedIRI(String iri)` Constructs a ParsedIRI by parsing the given string.
    `ParsedIRI(String scheme, String userInfo, String host, int port, String path, String query, String fragment)` Constructs a hierarchical IRI from the given components.

  - ### Method Summary

    All Methods Static Methods Instance Methods Concrete Methods
    Modifier and Type | Method and Description
    --- | ---
    `static ParsedIRI` | `create(String str)` Creates a ParsedIRI by parsing the given string.
    `boolean` | `equals(Object obj)` Tests this IRI for simple string comparison with another object.
    `String` | `getFragment()` Returns the raw fragment component of this IRI after the hash.
    `String` | `getHost()` Returns the host component of this IRI.
    `String` | `getPath()` Returns the raw path component of this IRI.
    `int` | `getPort()` Returns the port number of this IRI.
    `String` | `getQuery()` Returns the raw query component of this IRI after the first question mark.
    `String` | `getScheme()` Returns the scheme component of this IRI.
    `String` | `getUserInfo()` Returns the raw user-information component of this IRI.
    `int` | `hashCode()`
    `boolean` | `isAbsolute()` Tells whether or not this IRI is absolute.
    `boolean` | `isOpaque()` Tells whether or not this IRI is opaque.
    `ParsedIRI` | `normalize()` Normalizes this IRI's components.
    `ParsedIRI` | `relativize(ParsedIRI absolute)` Relativizes the given IRI against this ParsedIRI.
    `String` | `relativize(String iri)` Relativizes the given IRI against this ParsedIRI.
    `ParsedIRI` | `resolve(ParsedIRI relative)` Resolves the given IRI against this ParsedIRI.
    `String` | `resolve(String iri)` Resolves the given IRI against this ParsedIRI.
    `String` | `toASCIIString()` Returns the content of this IRI as a US-ASCII string.
    `String` | `toString()` Returns the content of this IRI as a string.

    - ### Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

      `clone, finalize, getClass, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait`

- - ### Constructor Detail

    - #### ParsedIRI

          public ParsedIRI(String iri)
                    throws URISyntaxException

      Constructs a ParsedIRI by parsing the given string.
      Parameters:
        `iri` - The string to be parsed into a IRI
      Throws:
        `NullPointerException` - If `iri` is `null`
        `URISyntaxException` - If the given string violates RFC 3987, as augmented by the above deviations

    - #### ParsedIRI

          public ParsedIRI(String scheme,
                           String userInfo,
                           String host,
                           int port,
                           String path,
                           String query,
                           String fragment)

      Constructs a hierarchical IRI from the given components.

      This constructor first builds a IRI string from the given components according to the rules specified in RFC 3987

      Parameters:
        `scheme` - Scheme name
        `userInfo` - User name and authorization information
        `host` - Host name
        `port` - Port number
        `path` - Path
        `query` - Query
        `fragment` - Fragment

  - ### Method Detail

    - #### create

          public static ParsedIRI create(String str)

      Creates a ParsedIRI by parsing the given string.

      This convenience factory method works as if by invoking the `ParsedIRI(String)` constructor; any `URISyntaxException` thrown by the constructor is caught and the error code point is percent encoded. This process is repeated until a syntactically valid IRI is formed or a `IllegalArgumentException` is thrown.

      This method is provided for use in situations where it is known that the given string is an IRI, even if it is not completely syntactically valid, for example a IRI constants declared within in a program. The constructors, which throw `URISyntaxException` directly, should be used situations where a IRI is being constructed from user input or from some other source that may be prone to errors.

      Parameters:
        `str` - The string to be parsed into an IRI
      Returns:
        The new ParsedIRI
      Throws:
        `NullPointerException` - If `str` is `null`
        `IllegalArgumentException` - If the given string could not be converted into an IRI

    - #### hashCode

          public int hashCode()

      Overrides:
        `hashCode` in class `Object`

    - #### equals

          public boolean equals(Object obj)

      Tests this IRI for simple string comparison with another object.

      If two IRI strings are identical, then it is safe to conclude that they are equivalent. However, even if the IRI strings are not identical the IRIs might still be equivalent. Further comparison can be made using the `normalize()` forms.

      Overrides:
        `equals` in class `Object`
      Parameters:
        `obj` - The object to which this object is to be compared
      Returns:
        `true` if the given object is a ParsedIRI that represents the same IRI

    - #### toString

          public String toString()

      Returns the content of this IRI as a string.

      If this URI was created by invoking one of the constructors in this class then a string equivalent to the original input string, or to the string computed from the originally-given components, as appropriate, is returned. Otherwise this IRI was created by normalization, resolution, or relativization, and so a string is constructed from this IRI's components according to the rules specified in RFC 3987

      Overrides:
        `toString` in class `Object`
      Returns:
        The string form of this IRI

    - #### toASCIIString

          public String toASCIIString()

      Returns the content of this IRI as a US-ASCII string.

      If this IRI only contains 8bit characters then an invocation of this method will return the same value as an invocation of the `toString` method. Otherwise this method works as if by encoding the host via RFC 3490 and all other components by percent encoding their UTF-8 values.

      Returns:
        The string form of this IRI, encoded as needed so that it only contains characters in the US-ASCII charset

    - #### isAbsolute

          public boolean isAbsolute()

      Tells whether or not this IRI is absolute.
      Returns:
        `true` if, and only if, this IRI has a scheme component

    - #### isOpaque

          public boolean isOpaque()

      Tells whether or not this IRI is opaque.

      A IRI is opaque if, and only if, it is absolute and its path part does not begin with a slash character ('/'). An opaque IRI has a scheme, a path, and possibly a query or fragment; all other components (userInfo, host, and port) are undefined.

      Returns:
        `true` if, and only if, this IRI is absolute and its path does not start with a slash

    - #### getScheme

          public String getScheme()

      Returns the scheme component of this IRI.

      The scheme component of a IRI, if defined, only contains characters in the alphanum category and in the string `"-.+"`, unless the scheme starts with `"jar:"`, in which case it may also contain one colon. A scheme always starts with an alpha character.

      The scheme component of a IRI cannot contain escaped octets.

      Returns:
        The scheme component of this IRI, or `null` if the scheme is undefined

    - #### getUserInfo

          public String getUserInfo()

      Returns the raw user-information component of this IRI.
      Returns:
        The raw user-information component of this IRI, or `null` if the user information is undefined

    - #### getHost

          public String getHost()

      Returns the host component of this IRI.
      Returns:
        The host component of this IRI, or `null` if the host is undefined

    - #### getPort

          public int getPort()

      Returns the port number of this IRI.

      The port component of a IRI, if defined, is a non-negative integer.

      Returns:
        The port component of this IRI, or `-1` if the port is undefined

    - #### getPath

          public String getPath()

      Returns the raw path component of this IRI.
      Returns:
        The path component of this IRI (never `null`)

    - #### getQuery

          public String getQuery()

      Returns the raw query component of this IRI after the first question mark.

      The query component of a IRI, if defined, only contains legal IRI characters.

      Returns:
        The raw query component of this IRI, or `null` if the IRI does not contain a question mark

    - #### getFragment

          public String getFragment()

      Returns the raw fragment component of this IRI after the hash.

      The fragment component of a IRI, if defined, only contains legal IRI characters and does not contain a hash.

      Returns:
        The raw fragment component of this IRI, or `null` if the IRI does not contain a hash

    - #### normalize

          public ParsedIRI normalize()

      Normalizes this IRI's components.

      Because IRIs exist to identify resources, presumably they should be considered equivalent when they identify the same resource. However, this definition of equivalence is not of much practical use, as there is no way for an implementation to compare two resources unless it has full knowledge or control of them. Therefore, IRI normalization is designed to minimize false negatives while strictly avoiding false positives.

      Case Normalization the hexadecimal digits within a percent-encoding triplet (e.g., "%3a" versus "%3A") are case-insensitive and are normalized to use uppercase letters for the digits A - F. The scheme and host are case insensitive and are normalized to lowercase.

      Character Normalization The Unicode Standard defines various equivalences between sequences of characters for various purposes. Unicode Standard Annex defines various Normalization Forms for these equivalences and is applied to the IRI components.

      Percent-Encoding Normalization decodes any percent-encoded octet sequence that corresponds to an unreserved character anywhere in the IRI.

      Path Segment Normalization is the process of removing unnecessary `"."` and `".."` segments from the path component of a hierarchical IRI. Each `"."` segment is simply removed. A `".."` segment is removed only if it is preceded by a non-`".."` segment or the start of the path.

      HTTP(S) Scheme Normalization if the port uses the default port number or not given it is set to undefined. An empty path is replaced with "/".

      File Scheme Normalization if the host is "localhost" or empty it is set to undefined.

      Internationalized Domain Name Normalization of the host component to Unicode.

      Returns:
        normalized IRI

    - #### resolve

          public String resolve(String iri)

      Resolves the given IRI against this ParsedIRI.
      Parameters:
        `iri` - The IRI to be resolved against this ParsedIRI
      Returns:
        The resulting IRI
      Throws:
        `NullPointerException` - If `relative` is `null`
      See Also:
        `resolve(ParsedIRI)`

    - #### resolve

          public ParsedIRI resolve(ParsedIRI relative)

      Resolves the given IRI against this ParsedIRI.

      Resolution is the process of resolving one IRI against another, base IRI. The resulting IRI is constructed from components of both IRIs in the manner specified by RFC 3986, taking components from the base IRI for those not specified in the original. For hierarchical IRIs, the path of the original is resolved against the path of the base and then normalized.

      If the given IRI is already absolute, or if this IRI is opaque, then the given IRI is returned.

      If the given URI's fragment component is defined, its path component is empty, and its scheme, authority, and query components are undefined, then a URI with the given fragment but with all other components equal to those of this URI is returned. This allows an IRI representing a standalone fragment reference, such as `"#foo"`, to be usefully resolved against a base IRI.

      Otherwise this method constructs a new hierarchical IRI in a manner consistent with RFC 3987

      The result of this method is absolute if, and only if, either this IRI is absolute or the given IRI is absolute.

      Parameters:
        `relative` - The IRI to be resolved against this ParsedIRI
      Returns:
        The resulting IRI
      Throws:
        `NullPointerException` - If `relative` is `null`

    - #### relativize

          public String relativize(String iri)

      Relativizes the given IRI against this ParsedIRI.
      Parameters:
        `iri` - The IRI to be relativized against this ParsedIRI
      Returns:
        The resulting IRI
      Throws:
        `NullPointerException` - If `absolute` is `null`
      See Also:
        `relativize(ParsedIRI)`

    - #### relativize

          public ParsedIRI relativize(ParsedIRI absolute)

      Relativizes the given IRI against this ParsedIRI.

      Relativization is the inverse of resolution. This operation is often useful when constructing a document containing IRIs that must be made relative to the base IRI of the document wherever possible.

      The relativization of the given URI against this URI is computed as follows:

      1. If either this IRI or the given IRI are opaque, or if the scheme and authority components of the two IRIs are not identical, or if the path of this IRI is not a prefix of the path of the given URI, then the given IRI is returned.

      2. Otherwise a new relative hierarchical IRI is constructed with query and fragment components taken from the given IRI and with a path component computed by removing this IRI's path from the beginning of the given IRI's path.

      Parameters:
        `absolute` - The IRI to be relativized against this ParsedIRI
      Returns:
        The resulting IRI
      Throws:
        `NullPointerException` - If `absolute` is `null`

Copyright © 2015-2022 Eclipse Foundation. All Rights Reserved.