bmpio.c

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/*====================================================================*
 -  Copyright (C) 2001 Leptonica.  All rights reserved.
 -
 -  Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 -  modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 -  are met:
 -  1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 -     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 -  2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
 -     copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
 -     disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials
 -     provided with the distribution.
 -
 -  THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
 -  ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 -  LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
 -  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL ANY
 -  CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
 -  EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
 -  PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
 -  PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY
 -  OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
 -  NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
 -  SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *====================================================================*/

#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include "config_auto.h"
#endif  /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */

#include <string.h>
#include "allheaders.h"
#include "bmp.h"

/* --------------------------------------------*/
#if  USE_BMPIO   /* defined in environ.h */
/* --------------------------------------------*/

    /* Here we're setting the pixel value 0 to white (255) and the
     * value 1 to black (0).  This is the convention for grayscale, but
     * the opposite of the convention for 1 bpp, where 0 is white
     * and 1 is black.  Both colormap entries are opaque (alpha = 255) */
RGBA_QUAD   bwmap[2] = { {255,255,255,255}, {0,0,0,255} };

    /* Colormap size limit */
static const l_int32  L_MAX_ALLOWED_NUM_COLORS = 256;

    /* Image dimension limits */
static const l_int32  L_MAX_ALLOWED_WIDTH = 1000000;
static const l_int32  L_MAX_ALLOWED_HEIGHT = 1000000;
static const l_int64  L_MAX_ALLOWED_PIXELS = 400000000LL;

#ifndef  NO_CONSOLE_IO
#define  DEBUG     0
#endif  /* ~NO_CONSOLE_IO */

/*--------------------------------------------------------------*
 *                              Read bmp                        *
 *--------------------------------------------------------------*/
PIX *
pixReadStreamBmp(FILE  *fp)
{
l_uint8  *data;
size_t    size;
PIX      *pix;

    PROCNAME("pixReadStreamBmp");

    if (!fp)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("fp not defined", procName, NULL);

        /* Read data from file and decode into Y,U,V arrays */
    rewind(fp);
    if ((data = l_binaryReadStream(fp, &size)) == NULL)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("data not read", procName, NULL);

    pix = pixReadMemBmp(data, size);
    LEPT_FREE(data);
    return pix;
}


PIX *
pixReadMemBmp(const l_uint8  *cdata,
              size_t          size)
{
l_uint8    pel[4];
l_uint8   *cmapBuf, *fdata, *data;
l_int16    bftype, offset, depth, d;
l_int32    width, height, xres, yres, compression, imagebytes;
l_int32    cmapbytes, cmapEntries;
l_int32    fdatabpl, extrabytes, pixWpl, pixBpl, i, j, k;
l_uint32  *line, *pixdata, *pword;
l_int64    npixels;
BMP_FH    *bmpfh;
BMP_IH    *bmpih;
PIX       *pix, *pix1;
PIXCMAP   *cmap;

    PROCNAME("pixReadMemBmp");

    if (!cdata)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("cdata not defined", procName, NULL);
    if (size < sizeof(BMP_FH) + sizeof(BMP_IH))
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("bmf size error", procName, NULL);

        /* Verify this is an uncompressed bmp */
    bmpfh = (BMP_FH *)cdata;
    bftype = convertOnBigEnd16(bmpfh->bfType);
    if (bftype != BMP_ID)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("not bmf format", procName, NULL);
    bmpih = (BMP_IH *)(cdata + BMP_FHBYTES);
    if (!bmpih)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("bmpih not defined", procName, NULL);
    compression = convertOnBigEnd32(bmpih->biCompression);
    if (compression != 0)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("cannot read compressed BMP files",
                                procName, NULL);

        /* Read the rest of the useful header information */
    offset = convertOnBigEnd16(bmpfh->bfOffBits);
    width = convertOnBigEnd32(bmpih->biWidth);
    height = convertOnBigEnd32(bmpih->biHeight);
    depth = convertOnBigEnd16(bmpih->biBitCount);
    imagebytes = convertOnBigEnd32(bmpih->biSizeImage);
    xres = convertOnBigEnd32(bmpih->biXPelsPerMeter);
    yres = convertOnBigEnd32(bmpih->biYPelsPerMeter);

        /* Some sanity checking.  We impose limits on the image
         * dimensions and number of pixels.  We make sure the file
         * is the correct size to hold the amount of uncompressed data
         * that is specified in the header.  The number of colormap
         * entries is checked: it can be either 0 (no cmap) or some
         * number between 2 and 256.
         * Note that the imagebytes for uncompressed images is either
         * 0 or the size of the file data.  (The fact that it can
         * be 0 is perhaps some legacy glitch). */
    if (width < 1)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("width < 1", procName, NULL);
    if (width > L_MAX_ALLOWED_WIDTH)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("width too large", procName, NULL);
    if (height < 1)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("height < 1", procName, NULL);
    if (height > L_MAX_ALLOWED_HEIGHT)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("height too large", procName, NULL);
    npixels = 1LL * width * height;
    if (npixels > L_MAX_ALLOWED_PIXELS)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("npixels too large", procName, NULL);
    if (depth != 1 && depth != 2 && depth != 4 && depth != 8 &&
        depth != 16 && depth != 24 && depth != 32)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("depth not in {1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 32}",
                                procName,NULL);
    fdatabpl = 4 * ((1LL * width * depth + 31)/32);
    if (imagebytes != 0 && imagebytes != fdatabpl * height)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("invalid imagebytes", procName, NULL);
    cmapbytes = offset - BMP_FHBYTES - BMP_IHBYTES;
    cmapEntries = cmapbytes / sizeof(RGBA_QUAD);
    if (cmapEntries < 0 || cmapEntries == 1)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("invalid: cmap size < 0 or 1", procName, NULL);
    if (cmapEntries > L_MAX_ALLOWED_NUM_COLORS)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("invalid cmap: too large", procName,NULL);
    if (size != 1LL * offset + 1LL * fdatabpl * height)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("size incommensurate with image data",
                                procName,NULL);

        /* Handle the colormap */
    cmapBuf = NULL;
    if (cmapEntries > 0) {
        if ((cmapBuf = (l_uint8 *)LEPT_CALLOC(cmapEntries, sizeof(RGBA_QUAD)))
                 == NULL)
            return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("cmapBuf alloc fail", procName, NULL );

            /* Read the colormap entry data from bmp. The RGBA_QUAD colormap
             * entries are used for both bmp and leptonica colormaps. */
        memcpy(cmapBuf, cdata + BMP_FHBYTES + BMP_IHBYTES,
               sizeof(RGBA_QUAD) * cmapEntries);
    }

        /* Make a 32 bpp pix if depth is 24 bpp */
    d = (depth == 24) ? 32 : depth;
    if ((pix = pixCreate(width, height, d)) == NULL) {
        LEPT_FREE(cmapBuf);
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR( "pix not made", procName, NULL);
    }
    pixSetXRes(pix, (l_int32)((l_float32)xres / 39.37 + 0.5));  /* to ppi */
    pixSetYRes(pix, (l_int32)((l_float32)yres / 39.37 + 0.5));  /* to ppi */
    pixSetInputFormat(pix, IFF_BMP);
    pixWpl = pixGetWpl(pix);
    pixBpl = 4 * pixWpl;

        /* Convert the bmp colormap to a pixcmap */
    cmap = NULL;
    if (cmapEntries > 0) {  /* import the colormap to the pix cmap */
        cmap = pixcmapCreate(L_MIN(d, 8));
        LEPT_FREE(cmap->array);  /* remove generated cmap array */
        cmap->array  = (void *)cmapBuf;  /* and replace */
        cmap->n = L_MIN(cmapEntries, 256);
        for (i = 0; i < cmap->n; i++)   /* set all colors opaque */
            pixcmapSetAlpha (cmap, i, 255);
    }
    pixSetColormap(pix, cmap);

        /* Acquire the image data.  Image origin for bmp is at lower right. */
    fdata = (l_uint8 *)cdata + offset;  /* start of the bmp image data */
    pixdata = pixGetData(pix);
    if (depth != 24) {  /* typ. 1 or 8 bpp */
        data = (l_uint8 *)pixdata + pixBpl * (height - 1);
        for (i = 0; i < height; i++) {
            memcpy(data, fdata, fdatabpl);
            fdata += fdatabpl;
            data -= pixBpl;
        }
    } else {  /*  24 bpp file; 32 bpp pix
             *  Note: for bmp files, pel[0] is blue, pel[1] is green,
             *  and pel[2] is red.  This is opposite to the storage
             *  in the pix, which puts the red pixel in the 0 byte,
             *  the green in the 1 byte and the blue in the 2 byte.
             *  Note also that all words are endian flipped after
             *  assignment on L_LITTLE_ENDIAN platforms.
             *
             *  We can then make these assignments for little endians:
             *      SET_DATA_BYTE(pword, 1, pel[0]);      blue
             *      SET_DATA_BYTE(pword, 2, pel[1]);      green
             *      SET_DATA_BYTE(pword, 3, pel[2]);      red
             *  This looks like:
             *          3  (R)     2  (G)        1  (B)        0
             *      |-----------|------------|-----------|-----------|
             *  and after byte flipping:
             *           3          2  (B)     1  (G)        0  (R)
             *      |-----------|------------|-----------|-----------|
             *
             *  For big endians we set:
             *      SET_DATA_BYTE(pword, 2, pel[0]);      blue
             *      SET_DATA_BYTE(pword, 1, pel[1]);      green
             *      SET_DATA_BYTE(pword, 0, pel[2]);      red
             *  This looks like:
             *          0  (R)     1  (G)        2  (B)        3
             *      |-----------|------------|-----------|-----------|
             *  so in both cases we get the correct assignment in the PIX.
             *
             *  Can we do a platform-independent assignment?
             *  Yes, set the bytes without using macros:
             *      *((l_uint8 *)pword) = pel[2];           red
             *      *((l_uint8 *)pword + 1) = pel[1];       green
             *      *((l_uint8 *)pword + 2) = pel[0];       blue
             *  For little endians, before flipping, this looks again like:
             *          3  (R)     2  (G)        1  (B)        0
             *      |-----------|------------|-----------|-----------|
             */
        extrabytes = fdatabpl - 3 * width;
        line = pixdata + pixWpl * (height - 1);
        for (i = 0; i < height; i++) {
            for (j = 0; j < width; j++) {
                pword = line + j;
                memcpy(&pel, fdata, 3);
                fdata += 3;
                *((l_uint8 *)pword + COLOR_RED) = pel[2];
                *((l_uint8 *)pword + COLOR_GREEN) = pel[1];
                *((l_uint8 *)pword + COLOR_BLUE) = pel[0];
            }
            if (extrabytes) {
                for (k = 0; k < extrabytes; k++) {
                    memcpy(&pel, fdata, 1);
                    fdata++;
                }
            }
            line -= pixWpl;
        }
    }

    pixEndianByteSwap(pix);

        /* ----------------------------------------------
         * The bmp colormap determines the values of black
         * and white pixels for binary in the following way:
         * (a) white = 0 [255], black = 1 [0]
         *      255, 255, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0, 255
         * (b) black = 0 [0], white = 1 [255]
         *      0, 0, 0, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255
         * We have no need for a 1 bpp pix with a colormap!
         * Note: the alpha component here is 255 (opaque)
         * ---------------------------------------------- */
    if (depth == 1 && cmap) {
        pix1 = pixRemoveColormap(pix, REMOVE_CMAP_TO_BINARY);
        pixDestroy(&pix);
        pix = pix1;  /* rename */
    }

    return pix;
}


/*--------------------------------------------------------------*
 *                            Write bmp                         *
 *--------------------------------------------------------------*/
l_int32
pixWriteStreamBmp(FILE  *fp,
                  PIX   *pix)
{
l_uint8  *data;
size_t    size, nbytes;

    PROCNAME("pixWriteStreamBmp");

    if (!fp)
        return ERROR_INT("stream not defined", procName, 1);
    if (!pix)
        return ERROR_INT("pix not defined", procName, 1);

    pixWriteMemBmp(&data, &size, pix);
    rewind(fp);
    nbytes = fwrite(data, 1, size, fp);
    free(data);
    if (nbytes != size)
        return ERROR_INT("Write error", procName, 1);
    return 0;
}


l_int32
pixWriteMemBmp(l_uint8  **pfdata,
               size_t    *pfsize,
               PIX       *pixs)
{
l_uint8     pel[4];
l_uint8    *cta = NULL;     /* address of the bmp color table array */
l_uint8    *fdata, *data, *fmdata;
l_int32     cmaplen;      /* number of bytes in the bmp colormap */
l_int32     ncolors, val, stepsize;
l_int32     w, h, d, fdepth, xres, yres;
l_int32     pixWpl, pixBpl, extrabytes, fBpl, fWpl, i, j, k;
l_int32     heapcm;  /* extra copy of cta on the heap ? 1 : 0 */
l_uint32    offbytes, fimagebytes;
l_uint32   *line, *pword;
size_t      fsize;
BMP_FH     *bmpfh;
BMP_IH     *bmpih;
PIX        *pix;
PIXCMAP    *cmap;
RGBA_QUAD  *pquad;

    PROCNAME("pixWriteMemBmp");

    if (pfdata) *pfdata = NULL;
    if (pfsize) *pfsize = 0;
    if (!pfdata)
        return ERROR_INT("&fdata not defined", procName, 1 );
    if (!pfsize)
        return ERROR_INT("&fsize not defined", procName, 1 );
    if (!pixs)
        return ERROR_INT("pixs not defined", procName, 1);

    pixGetDimensions(pixs, &w, &h, &d);
    if (d == 2) {
        L_WARNING("2 bpp files can't be read; converting to 8 bpp\n", procName);
        pix = pixConvert2To8(pixs, 0, 85, 170, 255, 1);
        d = 8;
    } else {
        pix = pixCopy(NULL, pixs);
    }
    fdepth = (d == 32) ? 24 : d;

        /* Resolution is given in pixels/meter */
    xres = (l_int32)(39.37 * (l_float32)pixGetXRes(pix) + 0.5);
    yres = (l_int32)(39.37 * (l_float32)pixGetYRes(pix) + 0.5);

    pixWpl = pixGetWpl(pix);
    pixBpl = 4 * pixWpl;
    fWpl = (w * fdepth + 31) / 32;
    fBpl = 4 * fWpl;
    fimagebytes = h * fBpl;
    if (fimagebytes > 4LL * L_MAX_ALLOWED_PIXELS) {
        pixDestroy(&pix);
        return ERROR_INT("image data is too large", procName, 1);
    }

        /* If not rgb or 16 bpp, the bmp data is required to have a colormap */
    heapcm = 0;
    if (d == 32 || d == 16) {   /* 24 bpp rgb or 16 bpp: no colormap */
        ncolors = 0;
        cmaplen = 0;
    } else if ((cmap = pixGetColormap(pix))) {   /* existing colormap */
        ncolors = pixcmapGetCount(cmap);
        cmaplen = ncolors * sizeof(RGBA_QUAD);
        cta = (l_uint8 *)cmap->array;
    } else {   /* no existing colormap; d <= 8; make a binary or gray one */
        if (d == 1) {
            cmaplen  = sizeof(bwmap);
            ncolors = 2;
            cta = (l_uint8 *)bwmap;
        } else {   /* d = 2,4,8; use a grayscale output colormap */
            ncolors = 1 << fdepth;
            cmaplen = ncolors * sizeof(RGBA_QUAD);
            heapcm = 1;
            cta = (l_uint8 *)LEPT_CALLOC(cmaplen, 1);
            stepsize = 255 / (ncolors - 1);
            for (i = 0, val = 0, pquad = (RGBA_QUAD *)cta;
                 i < ncolors;
                 i++, val += stepsize, pquad++) {
                pquad->blue = pquad->green = pquad->red = val;
                pquad->alpha = 255;  /* opaque */
            }
        }
    }

#if DEBUG
    {l_uint8  *pcmptr;
        pcmptr = (l_uint8 *)pixGetColormap(pix)->array;
        fprintf(stderr, "Pix colormap[0] = %c%c%c%d\n",
            pcmptr[0], pcmptr[1], pcmptr[2], pcmptr[3]);
        fprintf(stderr, "Pix colormap[1] = %c%c%c%d\n",
            pcmptr[4], pcmptr[5], pcmptr[6], pcmptr[7]);
    }
#endif  /* DEBUG */

    offbytes = BMP_FHBYTES + BMP_IHBYTES + cmaplen;
    fsize = offbytes + fimagebytes;
    fdata = (l_uint8 *)LEPT_CALLOC(fsize, 1);
    *pfdata = fdata;
    *pfsize = fsize;

        /* Convert to little-endian and write the file header data */
    bmpfh = (BMP_FH *)fdata;
    bmpfh->bfType = convertOnBigEnd16(BMP_ID);
    bmpfh->bfSize = convertOnBigEnd16(fsize & 0x0000ffff);
    bmpfh->bfFill1 = convertOnBigEnd16((fsize >> 16) & 0x0000ffff);
    bmpfh->bfOffBits = convertOnBigEnd16(offbytes & 0x0000ffff);
    bmpfh->bfFill2 = convertOnBigEnd16((offbytes >> 16) & 0x0000ffff);

        /* Convert to little-endian and write the info header data */
    bmpih = (BMP_IH *)(fdata + BMP_FHBYTES);
    bmpih->biSize = convertOnBigEnd32(BMP_IHBYTES);
    bmpih->biWidth = convertOnBigEnd32(w);
    bmpih->biHeight = convertOnBigEnd32(h);
    bmpih->biPlanes = convertOnBigEnd16(1);
    bmpih->biBitCount = convertOnBigEnd16(fdepth);
    bmpih->biSizeImage = convertOnBigEnd32(fimagebytes);
    bmpih->biXPelsPerMeter = convertOnBigEnd32(xres);
    bmpih->biYPelsPerMeter = convertOnBigEnd32(yres);
    bmpih->biClrUsed = convertOnBigEnd32(ncolors);
    bmpih->biClrImportant = convertOnBigEnd32(ncolors);

        /* Copy the colormap data and free the cta if necessary */
    if (ncolors > 0) {
        memcpy(fdata + BMP_FHBYTES + BMP_IHBYTES, cta, cmaplen);
        if (heapcm) LEPT_FREE(cta);
    }

        /* When you write a binary image with a colormap
         * that sets BLACK to 0, you must invert the data */
    if (fdepth == 1 && cmap && ((l_uint8 *)(cmap->array))[0] == 0x0) {
        pixInvert(pix, pix);
    }

        /* An endian byte swap is also required */
    pixEndianByteSwap(pix);

        /* Transfer the image data.  Image origin for bmp is at lower right. */
    fmdata = fdata + offbytes;
    if (fdepth != 24) {   /* typ 1 or 8 bpp */
        data = (l_uint8 *)pixGetData(pix) + pixBpl * (h - 1);
        for (i = 0; i < h; i++) {
            memcpy(fmdata, data, fBpl);
            data -= pixBpl;
            fmdata += fBpl;
        }
    } else {  /* 32 bpp pix; 24 bpp file
             * See the comments in pixReadStreamBmp() to
             * understand the logic behind the pixel ordering below.
             * Note that we have again done an endian swap on
             * little endian machines before arriving here, so that
             * the bytes are ordered on both platforms as:
                        Red         Green        Blue         --
                    |-----------|------------|-----------|-----------|
             */
        extrabytes = fBpl - 3 * w;
        line = pixGetData(pix) + pixWpl * (h - 1);
        for (i = 0; i < h; i++) {
            for (j = 0; j < w; j++) {
                pword = line + j;
                pel[2] = *((l_uint8 *)pword + COLOR_RED);
                pel[1] = *((l_uint8 *)pword + COLOR_GREEN);
                pel[0] = *((l_uint8 *)pword + COLOR_BLUE);
                memcpy(fmdata, &pel, 3);
                fmdata += 3;
            }
            if (extrabytes) {
                for (k = 0; k < extrabytes; k++) {
                    memcpy(fmdata, &pel, 1);
                    fmdata++;
                }
            }
            line -= pixWpl;
        }
    }

    pixDestroy(&pix);
    return 0;
}

/* --------------------------------------------*/
#endif  /* USE_BMPIO */