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# Util#

Stability: 2 - Stable

The `util` module is primarily designed to support the needs of Node.js' own internal APIs. However, many of the utilities are useful for application and module developers as well. It can be accessed using:

    const util = require('util');

## `util.callbackify(original)`#

Added in: v8.2.0

- `original` <Function> An `async` function
- Returns: <Function> a callback style function

Takes an `async` function (or a function that returns a `Promise`) and returns a function following the error-first callback style, i.e. taking an `(err, value) => ...` callback as the last argument. In the callback, the first argument will be the rejection reason (or `null` if the `Promise` resolved), and the second argument will be the resolved value.

    const util = require('util');

    async function fn() {
      return 'hello world';
    }
    const callbackFunction = util.callbackify(fn);

    callbackFunction((err, ret) => {
      if (err) throw err;
      console.log(ret);
    });

Will print:

    hello world

The callback is executed asynchronously, and will have a limited stack trace. If the callback throws, the process will emit an `'uncaughtException'` event, and if not handled will exit.

Since `null` has a special meaning as the first argument to a callback, if a wrapped function rejects a `Promise` with a falsy value as a reason, the value is wrapped in an `Error` with the original value stored in a field named `reason`.

    function fn() {
      return Promise.reject(null);
    }
    const callbackFunction = util.callbackify(fn);

    callbackFunction((err, ret) => {
      // When the Promise was rejected with `null` it is wrapped with an Error and
      // the original value is stored in `reason`.
      err && err.hasOwnProperty('reason') && err.reason === null;  // true
    });

## `util.debuglog(section)`#

Added in: v0.11.3

- `section` <string> A string identifying the portion of the application for which the `debuglog` function is being created.
- Returns: <Function> The logging function

The `util.debuglog()` method is used to create a function that conditionally writes debug messages to `stderr` based on the existence of the `NODE_DEBUG` environment variable. If the `section` name appears within the value of that environment variable, then the returned function operates similar to `console.error()`. If not, then the returned function is a no-op.

    const util = require('util');
    const debuglog = util.debuglog('foo');

    debuglog('hello from foo [%d]', 123);

If this program is run with `NODE_DEBUG=foo` in the environment, then it will output something like:

    FOO 3245: hello from foo [123]

where `3245` is the process id. If it is not run with that environment variable set, then it will not print anything.

The `section` supports wildcard also:

    const util = require('util');
    const debuglog = util.debuglog('foo-bar');

    debuglog('hi there, it\'s foo-bar [%d]', 2333);

if it is run with `NODE_DEBUG=foo*` in the environment, then it will output something like:

    FOO-BAR 3257: hi there, it's foo-bar [2333]

Multiple comma-separated `section` names may be specified in the `NODE_DEBUG` environment variable: `NODE_DEBUG=fs,net,tls`.

## `util.deprecate(fn, msg[, code])`#

History

Version | Changes
--- | ---
v10.0.0 | Deprecation warnings are only emitted once for each code.
v0.8.0 | Added in: v0.8.0

- `fn` <Function> The function that is being deprecated.
- `msg` <string> A warning message to display when the deprecated function is invoked.
- `code` <string> A deprecation code. See the list of deprecated APIs for a list of codes.
- Returns: <Function> The deprecated function wrapped to emit a warning.

The `util.deprecate()` method wraps `fn` (which may be a function or class) in such a way that it is marked as deprecated.

    const util = require('util');

    exports.obsoleteFunction = util.deprecate(() => {
      // Do something here.
    }, 'obsoleteFunction() is deprecated. Use newShinyFunction() instead.');

When called, `util.deprecate()` will return a function that will emit a `DeprecationWarning` using the `'warning'` event. The warning will be emitted and printed to `stderr` the first time the returned function is called. After the warning is emitted, the wrapped function is called without emitting a warning.

If the same optional `code` is supplied in multiple calls to `util.deprecate()`, the warning will be emitted only once for that `code`.

    const util = require('util');

    const fn1 = util.deprecate(someFunction, someMessage, 'DEP0001');
    const fn2 = util.deprecate(someOtherFunction, someOtherMessage, 'DEP0001');
    fn1(); // Emits a deprecation warning with code DEP0001
    fn2(); // Does not emit a deprecation warning because it has the same code

If either the `--no-deprecation` or `--no-warnings` command line flags are used, or if the `process.noDeprecation` property is set to `true` prior to the first deprecation warning, the `util.deprecate()` method does nothing.

If the `--trace-deprecation` or `--trace-warnings` command line flags are set, or the `process.traceDeprecation` property is set to `true`, a warning and a stack trace are printed to `stderr` the first time the deprecated function is called.

If the `--throw-deprecation` command line flag is set, or the `process.throwDeprecation` property is set to `true`, then an exception will be thrown when the deprecated function is called.

The `--throw-deprecation` command line flag and `process.throwDeprecation` property take precedence over `--trace-deprecation` and `process.traceDeprecation`.

## `util.format(format[, ...args])`#

History

Version | Changes
--- | ---
v12.11.0 | The `%c` specifier is ignored now.
v12.0.0 | The `format` argument is now only taken as such if it actually contains format specifiers.
v12.0.0 | If the `format` argument is not a format string, the output string's formatting is no longer dependent on the type of the first argument. This change removes previously present quotes from strings that were being output when the first argument was not a string.
v11.4.0 | The `%d`, `%f` and `%i` specifiers now support Symbols properly.
v11.4.0 | The `%o` specifier's `depth` has default depth of 4 again.
v11.0.0 | The `%o` specifier's `depth` option will now fall back to the default depth.
v10.12.0 | The `%d` and `%i` specifiers now support BigInt.
v8.4.0 | The `%o` and `%O` specifiers are supported now.
v0.5.3 | Added in: v0.5.3

- `format` <string> A `printf`-like format string.

The `util.format()` method returns a formatted string using the first argument as a `printf`-like format string which can contain zero or more format specifiers. Each specifier is replaced with the converted value from the corresponding argument. Supported specifiers are:

- `%s`: `String` will be used to convert all values except `BigInt`, `Object` and `-0`. `BigInt` values will be represented with an `n` and Objects that have no user defined `toString` function are inspected using `util.inspect()` with options `{ depth: 0, colors: false, compact: 3 }`.
- `%d`: `Number` will be used to convert all values except `BigInt` and `Symbol`.
- `%i`: `parseInt(value, 10)` is used for all values except `BigInt` and `Symbol`.
- `%f`: `parseFloat(value)` is used for all values expect `Symbol`.
- `%j`: JSON. Replaced with the string `'[Circular]'` if the argument contains circular references.
- `%o`: `Object`. A string representation of an object with generic JavaScript object formatting. Similar to `util.inspect()` with options `{ showHidden: true, showProxy: true }`. This will show the full object including non-enumerable properties and proxies.
- `%O`: `Object`. A string representation of an object with generic JavaScript object formatting. Similar to `util.inspect()` without options. This will show the full object not including non-enumerable properties and proxies.
- `%c`: `CSS`. This specifier is currently ignored, and will skip any CSS passed in.
- `%%`: single percent sign (`'%'`). This does not consume an argument.
- Returns: <string> The formatted string

If a specifier does not have a corresponding argument, it is not replaced:

    util.format('%s:%s', 'foo');
    // Returns: 'foo:%s'

Values that are not part of the format string are formatted using `util.inspect()` if their type is not `string`.

If there are more arguments passed to the `util.format()` method than the number of specifiers, the extra arguments are concatenated to the returned string, separated by spaces:

    util.format('%s:%s', 'foo', 'bar', 'baz');
    // Returns: 'foo:bar baz'

If the first argument does not contain a valid format specifier, `util.format()` returns a string that is the concatenation of all arguments separated by spaces:

    util.format(1, 2, 3);
    // Returns: '1 2 3'

If only one argument is passed to `util.format()`, it is returned as it is without any formatting:

    util.format('%% %s');
    // Returns: '%% %s'

`util.format()` is a synchronous method that is intended as a debugging tool. Some input values can have a significant performance overhead that can block the event loop. Use this function with care and never in a hot code path.

## `util.formatWithOptions(inspectOptions, format[, ...args])`#

Added in: v10.0.0

- `inspectOptions` <Object>
- `format` <string>

This function is identical to `util.format()`, except in that it takes an `inspectOptions` argument which specifies options that are passed along to `util.inspect()`.

    util.formatWithOptions({ colors: true }, 'See object %O', { foo: 42 });
    // Returns 'See object { foo: 42 }', where `42` is colored as a number
    // when printed to a terminal.

## `util.getSystemErrorName(err)`#

Added in: v9.7.0

- `err` <number>
- Returns: <string>

Returns the string name for a numeric error code that comes from a Node.js API. The mapping between error codes and error names is platform-dependent. See Common System Errors for the names of common errors.

    fs.access('file/that/does/not/exist', (err) => {
      const name = util.getSystemErrorName(err.errno);
      console.error(name);  // ENOENT
    });

## `util.inherits(constructor, superConstructor)`#

History

Version | Changes
--- | ---
v5.0.0 | The `constructor` parameter can refer to an ES6 class now.
v0.3.0 | Added in: v0.3.0

- `constructor` <Function>
- `superConstructor` <Function>

Usage of `util.inherits()` is discouraged. Please use the ES6 `class` and `extends` keywords to get language level inheritance support. Also note that the two styles are semantically incompatible.

Inherit the prototype methods from one constructor into another. The prototype of `constructor` will be set to a new object created from `superConstructor`.

This mainly adds some input validation on top of `Object.setPrototypeOf(constructor.prototype, superConstructor.prototype)`. As an additional convenience, `superConstructor` will be accessible through the `constructor.super_` property.

    const util = require('util');
    const EventEmitter = require('events');

    function MyStream() {
      EventEmitter.call(this);
    }

    util.inherits(MyStream, EventEmitter);

    MyStream.prototype.write = function(data) {
      this.emit('data', data);
    };

    const stream = new MyStream();

    console.log(stream instanceof EventEmitter); // true
    console.log(MyStream.super_ === EventEmitter); // true

    stream.on('data', (data) => {
      console.log(`Received data: "${data}"`);
    });
    stream.write('It works!'); // Received data: "It works!"

ES6 example using `class` and `extends`:

    const EventEmitter = require('events');

    class MyStream extends EventEmitter {
      write(data) {
        this.emit('data', data);
      }
    }

    const stream = new MyStream();

    stream.on('data', (data) => {
      console.log(`Received data: "${data}"`);
    });
    stream.write('With ES6');

## `util.inspect(object[, options])`#

## `util.inspect(object[, showHidden[, depth[, colors]]])`#

History

Version | Changes
--- | ---
v12.16.0 | User defined prototype properties are inspected in case `showHidden` is `true`.
v12.0.0 | The `compact` options default is changed to `3` and the `breakLength` options default is changed to `80`.
v12.0.0 | Internal properties no longer appear in the context argument of a custom inspection function.
v11.11.0 | The `compact` option accepts numbers for a new output mode.
v11.7.0 | ArrayBuffers now also show their binary contents.
v11.5.0 | The `getters` option is supported now.
v11.4.0 | The `depth` default changed back to `2`.
v11.0.0 | The `depth` default changed to `20`.
v11.0.0 | The inspection output is now limited to about 128 MB. Data above that size will not be fully inspected.
v10.12.0 | The `sorted` option is supported now.
v10.6.0 | Inspecting linked lists and similar objects is now possible up to the maximum call stack size.
v10.0.0 | The `WeakMap` and `WeakSet` entries can now be inspected as well.
v9.9.0 | The `compact` option is supported now.
v6.6.0 | Custom inspection functions can now return `this`.
v6.3.0 | The `breakLength` option is supported now.
v6.1.0 | The `maxArrayLength` option is supported now; in particular, long arrays are truncated by default.
v6.1.0 | The `showProxy` option is supported now.
v0.3.0 | Added in: v0.3.0

- `object` <any> Any JavaScript primitive or `Object`.

- `options` <Object>

  - `showHidden` <boolean> If `true`, `object`'s non-enumerable symbols and properties are included in the formatted result. `WeakMap` and `WeakSet` entries are also included as well as user defined prototype properties (excluding method properties). Default: `false`.
  - `depth` <number> Specifies the number of times to recurse while formatting `object`. This is useful for inspecting large objects. To recurse up to the maximum call stack size pass `Infinity` or `null`. Default: `2`.
  - `colors` <boolean> If `true`, the output is styled with ANSI color codes. Colors are customizable. See Customizing `util.inspect` colors. Default: `false`.
  - `customInspect` <boolean> If `false`, `[util.inspect.custom](depth, opts)` functions are not invoked. Default: `true`.
  - `showProxy` <boolean> If `true`, `Proxy` inspection includes the `target` and `handler` objects. Default: `false`.
  - `maxArrayLength` <integer> Specifies the maximum number of `Array`, `TypedArray`, `WeakMap` and `WeakSet` elements to include when formatting. Set to `null` or `Infinity` to show all elements. Set to `0` or negative to show no elements. Default: `100`.
  - `breakLength` <integer> The length at which input values are split across multiple lines. Set to `Infinity` to format the input as a single line (in combination with `compact` set to `true` or any number >= `1`). Default: `80`.
  - `compact` <boolean> | <integer> Setting this to `false` causes each object key to be displayed on a new line. It will also add new lines to text that is longer than `breakLength`. If set to a number, the most `n` inner elements are united on a single line as long as all properties fit into `breakLength`. Short array elements are also grouped together. No text will be reduced below 16 characters, no matter the `breakLength` size. For more information, see the example below. Default: `3`.
  - `sorted` <boolean> | <Function> If set to `true` or a function, all properties of an object, and `Set` and `Map` entries are sorted in the resulting string. If set to `true` the default sort is used. If set to a function, it is used as a compare function.
  - `getters` <boolean> | <string> If set to `true`, getters are inspected. If set to `'get'`, only getters without a corresponding setter are inspected. If set to `'set'`, only getters with a corresponding setter are inspected. This might cause side effects depending on the getter function. Default: `false`.
- Returns: <string> The representation of `object`.

The `util.inspect()` method returns a string representation of `object` that is intended for debugging. The output of `util.inspect` may change at any time and should not be depended upon programmatically. Additional `options` may be passed that alter the result. `util.inspect()` will use the constructor's name and/or `@@toStringTag` to make an identifiable tag for an inspected value.

    class Foo {
      get [Symbol.toStringTag]() {
        return 'bar';
      }
    }

    class Bar {}

    const baz = Object.create(null, { [Symbol.toStringTag]: { value: 'foo' } });

    util.inspect(new Foo()); // 'Foo [bar] {}'
    util.inspect(new Bar()); // 'Bar {}'
    util.inspect(baz);       // '[foo] {}'

Circular references are marked as `'[Circular]'`:

    const { inspect } = require('util');

    const obj = {};
    obj.a = [obj];
    obj.b = {};
    obj.b.inner = obj.b;
    obj.b.obj = obj;

    console.log(inspect(obj));
    // {
    //   a: [ [Circular] ],
    //   b: { inner: [Circular], obj: [Circular] }
    // }

The following example inspects all properties of the `util` object:

    const util = require('util');

    console.log(util.inspect(util, { showHidden: true, depth: null }));

The following example highlights the effect of the `compact` option:

    const util = require('util');

    const o = {
      a: [1, 2, [[
        'Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do ' +
          'eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.',
        'test',
        'foo']], 4],
      b: new Map([['za', 1], ['zb', 'test']])
    };
    console.log(util.inspect(o, { compact: true, depth: 5, breakLength: 80 }));

    // { a:
    //   [ 1,
    //     2,
    //     [ [ 'Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur [...]', // A long line
    //           'test',
    //           'foo' ] ],
    //     4 ],
    //   b: Map { 'za' => 1, 'zb' => 'test' } }

    // Setting `compact` to false changes the output to be more reader friendly.
    console.log(util.inspect(o, { compact: false, depth: 5, breakLength: 80 }));

    // {
    //   a: [
    //     1,
    //     2,
    //     [
    //       [
    //         'Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur ' +
    //           'adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor ' +
    //           'incididunt ut labore et dolore magna ' +
    //           'aliqua.,
    //         'test',
    //         'foo'
    //       ]
    //     ],
    //     4
    //   ],
    //   b: Map {
    //     'za' => 1,
    //     'zb' => 'test'
    //   }
    // }

    // Setting `breakLength` to e.g. 150 will print the "Lorem ipsum" text in a
    // single line.
    // Reducing the `breakLength` will split the "Lorem ipsum" text in smaller
    // chunks.

The `showHidden` option allows `WeakMap` and `WeakSet` entries to be inspected. If there are more entries than `maxArrayLength`, there is no guarantee which entries are displayed. That means retrieving the same `WeakSet` entries twice may result in different output. Furthermore, entries with no remaining strong references may be garbage collected at any time.

    const { inspect } = require('util');

    const obj = { a: 1 };
    const obj2 = { b: 2 };
    const weakSet = new WeakSet([obj, obj2]);

    console.log(inspect(weakSet, { showHidden: true }));
    // WeakSet { { a: 1 }, { b: 2 } }

The `sorted` option ensures that an object's property insertion order does not impact the result of `util.inspect()`.

    const { inspect } = require('util');
    const assert = require('assert');

    const o1 = {
      b: [2, 3, 1],
      a: '`a` comes before `b`',
      c: new Set([2, 3, 1])
    };
    console.log(inspect(o1, { sorted: true }));
    // { a: '`a` comes before `b`', b: [ 2, 3, 1 ], c: Set { 1, 2, 3 } }
    console.log(inspect(o1, { sorted: (a, b) => b.localeCompare(a) }));
    // { c: Set { 3, 2, 1 }, b: [ 2, 3, 1 ], a: '`a` comes before `b`' }

    const o2 = {
      c: new Set([2, 1, 3]),
      a: '`a` comes before `b`',
      b: [2, 3, 1]
    };
    assert.strict.equal(
      inspect(o1, { sorted: true }),
      inspect(o2, { sorted: true })
    );

`util.inspect()` is a synchronous method intended for debugging. Its maximum output length is approximately 128 MB. Inputs that result in longer output will be truncated.

### Customizing `util.inspect` colors#

Color output (if enabled) of `util.inspect` is customizable globally via the `util.inspect.styles` and `util.inspect.colors` properties.

`util.inspect.styles` is a map associating a style name to a color from `util.inspect.colors`.

The default styles and associated colors are:

- `bigint`: `yellow`
- `boolean`: `yellow`
- `date`: `magenta`
- `module`: `underline`
- `name`: (no styling)
- `null`: `bold`
- `number`: `yellow`
- `regexp`: `red`
- `special`: `cyan` (e.g., `Proxies`)
- `string`: `green`
- `symbol`: `green`
- `undefined`: `grey`

Color styling uses ANSI control codes that may not be supported on all terminals. To verify color support use `tty.hasColors()`.

Predefined control codes are listed below (grouped as "Modifiers", "Foreground colors", and "Background colors").

#### Modifiers#

Modifier support varies throughout different terminals. They will mostly be ignored, if not supported.

- `reset` - Resets all (color) modifiers to their defaults
- bold - Make text bold
- italic - Make text italic
- underline - Make text underlined
- strikethrough - Puts a horizontal line through the center of the text (Alias: `strikeThrough`, `crossedout`, `crossedOut`)
- `hidden` - Prints the text, but makes it invisible (Alias: conceal)
- dim - Decreased color intensity (Alias: `faint`)
- overlined - Make text overlined
- blink - Hides and shows the text in an interval
- inverse - Swap foreground and background colors (Alias: `swapcolors`, `swapColors`)
- doubleunderline - Make text double underlined (Alias: `doubleUnderline`)
- framed - Draw a frame around the text

#### Foreground colors#

- `black`
- `red`
- `green`
- `yellow`
- `blue`
- `magenta`
- `cyan`
- `white`
- `gray` (alias: `grey`, `blackBright`)
- `redBright`
- `greenBright`
- `yellowBright`
- `blueBright`
- `magentaBright`
- `cyanBright`
- `whiteBright`

#### Background colors#

- `bgBlack`
- `bgRed`
- `bgGreen`
- `bgYellow`
- `bgBlue`
- `bgMagenta`
- `bgCyan`
- `bgWhite`
- `bgGray` (alias: `bgGrey`, `bgBlackBright`)
- `bgRedBright`
- `bgGreenBright`
- `bgYellowBright`
- `bgBlueBright`
- `bgMagentaBright`
- `bgCyanBright`
- `bgWhiteBright`

### Custom inspection functions on Objects#

Objects may also define their own `[util.inspect.custom](depth, opts)` function, which `util.inspect()` will invoke and use the result of when inspecting the object:

    const util = require('util');

    class Box {
      constructor(value) {
        this.value = value;
      }

      [util.inspect.custom](depth, options) {
        if (depth < 0) {
          return options.stylize('[Box]', 'special');
        }

        const newOptions = Object.assign({}, options, {
          depth: options.depth === null ? null : options.depth - 1
        });

        // Five space padding because that's the size of "Box< ".
        const padding = ' '.repeat(5);
        const inner = util.inspect(this.value, newOptions)
                          .replace(/\n/g, `\n${padding}`);
        return `${options.stylize('Box', 'special')}< ${inner} >`;
      }
    }

    const box = new Box(true);

    util.inspect(box);
    // Returns: "Box< true >"

Custom `[util.inspect.custom](depth, opts)` functions typically return a string but may return a value of any type that will be formatted accordingly by `util.inspect()`.

    const util = require('util');

    const obj = { foo: 'this will not show up in the inspect() output' };
    obj[util.inspect.custom] = (depth) => {
      return { bar: 'baz' };
    };

    util.inspect(obj);
    // Returns: "{ bar: 'baz' }"

### `util.inspect.custom`#

History

Version | Changes
--- | ---
v10.12.0 | This is now defined as a shared symbol.
v6.6.0 | Added in: v6.6.0

- <symbol> that can be used to declare custom inspect functions.

In addition to being accessible through `util.inspect.custom`, this symbol is registered globally and can be accessed in any environment as `Symbol.for('nodejs.util.inspect.custom')`.

    const inspect = Symbol.for('nodejs.util.inspect.custom');

    class Password {
      constructor(value) {
        this.value = value;
      }

      toString() {
        return 'xxxxxxxx';
      }

      [inspect]() {
        return `Password <${this.toString()}>`;
      }
    }

    const password = new Password('r0sebud');
    console.log(password);
    // Prints Password <xxxxxxxx>

See Custom inspection functions on Objects for more details.

### `util.inspect.defaultOptions`#

Added in: v6.4.0

The `defaultOptions` value allows customization of the default options used by `util.inspect`. This is useful for functions like `console.log` or `util.format` which implicitly call into `util.inspect`. It shall be set to an object containing one or more valid `util.inspect()` options. Setting option properties directly is also supported.

    const util = require('util');
    const arr = Array(101).fill(0);

    console.log(arr); // Logs the truncated array
    util.inspect.defaultOptions.maxArrayLength = null;
    console.log(arr); // logs the full array

## `util.isDeepStrictEqual(val1, val2)`#

Added in: v9.0.0

- `val1` <any>
- `val2` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Returns `true` if there is deep strict equality between `val1` and `val2`. Otherwise, returns `false`.

See `assert.deepStrictEqual()` for more information about deep strict equality.

## `util.promisify(original)`#

Added in: v8.0.0

- `original` <Function>
- Returns: <Function>

Takes a function following the common error-first callback style, i.e. taking an `(err, value) => ...` callback as the last argument, and returns a version that returns promises.

    const util = require('util');
    const fs = require('fs');

    const stat = util.promisify(fs.stat);
    stat('.').then((stats) => {
      // Do something with `stats`
    }).catch((error) => {
      // Handle the error.
    });

Or, equivalently using `async function`s:

    const util = require('util');
    const fs = require('fs');

    const stat = util.promisify(fs.stat);

    async function callStat() {
      const stats = await stat('.');
      console.log(`This directory is owned by ${stats.uid}`);
    }

If there is an `original[util.promisify.custom]` property present, `promisify` will return its value, see Custom promisified functions.

`promisify()` assumes that `original` is a function taking a callback as its final argument in all cases. If `original` is not a function, `promisify()` will throw an error. If `original` is a function but its last argument is not an error-first callback, it will still be passed an error-first callback as its last argument.

Using `promisify()` on class methods or other methods that use `this` may not work as expected unless handled specially:

    const util = require('util');

    class Foo {
      constructor() {
        this.a = 42;
      }

      bar(callback) {
        callback(null, this.a);
      }
    }

    const foo = new Foo();

    const naiveBar = util.promisify(foo.bar);
    // TypeError: Cannot read property 'a' of undefined
    // naiveBar().then(a => console.log(a));

    naiveBar.call(foo).then((a) => console.log(a)); // '42'

    const bindBar = naiveBar.bind(foo);
    bindBar().then((a) => console.log(a)); // '42'

### Custom promisified functions#

Using the `util.promisify.custom` symbol one can override the return value of `util.promisify()`:

    const util = require('util');

    function doSomething(foo, callback) {
      // ...
    }

    doSomething[util.promisify.custom] = (foo) => {
      return getPromiseSomehow();
    };

    const promisified = util.promisify(doSomething);
    console.log(promisified === doSomething[util.promisify.custom]);
    // prints 'true'

This can be useful for cases where the original function does not follow the standard format of taking an error-first callback as the last argument.

For example, with a function that takes in `(foo, onSuccessCallback, onErrorCallback)`:

    doSomething[util.promisify.custom] = (foo) => {
      return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
        doSomething(foo, resolve, reject);
      });
    };

If `promisify.custom` is defined but is not a function, `promisify()` will throw an error.

### `util.promisify.custom`#

Added in: v8.0.0

- <symbol> that can be used to declare custom promisified variants of functions, see Custom promisified functions.

## Class: `util.TextDecoder`#

Added in: v8.3.0

An implementation of the WHATWG Encoding Standard `TextDecoder` API.

    const decoder = new TextDecoder('shift_jis');
    let string = '';
    let buffer;
    while (buffer = getNextChunkSomehow()) {
      string += decoder.decode(buffer, { stream: true });
    }
    string += decoder.decode(); // end-of-stream

### WHATWG Supported Encodings#

Per the WHATWG Encoding Standard, the encodings supported by the `TextDecoder` API are outlined in the tables below. For each encoding, one or more aliases may be used.

Different Node.js build configurations support different sets of encodings. While a very basic set of encodings is supported even on Node.js builds without ICU enabled, support for some encodings is provided only when Node.js is built with ICU and using the full ICU data (see Internationalization).

#### Encodings Supported Without ICU#

Encoding | Aliases
--- | ---
`'utf-8'` | `'unicode-1-1-utf-8'`, `'utf8'`
`'utf-16le'` | `'utf-16'`

#### Encodings Supported by Default (With ICU)#

Encoding | Aliases
--- | ---
`'utf-8'` | `'unicode-1-1-utf-8'`, `'utf8'`
`'utf-16le'` | `'utf-16'`
`'utf-16be'` |

#### Encodings Requiring Full ICU Data#

Encoding | Aliases
--- | ---
`'ibm866'` | `'866'`, `'cp866'`, `'csibm866'`
`'iso-8859-2'` | `'csisolatin2'`, `'iso-ir-101'`, `'iso8859-2'`, `'iso88592'`, `'iso_8859-2'`, `'iso_8859-2:1987'`, `'l2'`, `'latin2'`
`'iso-8859-3'` | `'csisolatin3'`, `'iso-ir-109'`, `'iso8859-3'`, `'iso88593'`, `'iso_8859-3'`, `'iso_8859-3:1988'`, `'l3'`, `'latin3'`
`'iso-8859-4'` | `'csisolatin4'`, `'iso-ir-110'`, `'iso8859-4'`, `'iso88594'`, `'iso_8859-4'`, `'iso_8859-4:1988'`, `'l4'`, `'latin4'`
`'iso-8859-5'` | `'csisolatincyrillic'`, `'cyrillic'`, `'iso-ir-144'`, `'iso8859-5'`, `'iso88595'`, `'iso_8859-5'`, `'iso_8859-5:1988'`
`'iso-8859-6'` | `'arabic'`, `'asmo-708'`, `'csiso88596e'`, `'csiso88596i'`, `'csisolatinarabic'`, `'ecma-114'`, `'iso-8859-6-e'`, `'iso-8859-6-i'`, `'iso-ir-127'`, `'iso8859-6'`, `'iso88596'`, `'iso_8859-6'`, `'iso_8859-6:1987'`
`'iso-8859-7'` | `'csisolatingreek'`, `'ecma-118'`, `'elot_928'`, `'greek'`, `'greek8'`, `'iso-ir-126'`, `'iso8859-7'`, `'iso88597'`, `'iso_8859-7'`, `'iso_8859-7:1987'`, `'sun_eu_greek'`
`'iso-8859-8'` | `'csiso88598e'`, `'csisolatinhebrew'`, `'hebrew'`, `'iso-8859-8-e'`, `'iso-ir-138'`, `'iso8859-8'`, `'iso88598'`, `'iso_8859-8'`, `'iso_8859-8:1988'`, `'visual'`
`'iso-8859-8-i'` | `'csiso88598i'`, `'logical'`
`'iso-8859-10'` | `'csisolatin6'`, `'iso-ir-157'`, `'iso8859-10'`, `'iso885910'`, `'l6'`, `'latin6'`
`'iso-8859-13'` | `'iso8859-13'`, `'iso885913'`
`'iso-8859-14'` | `'iso8859-14'`, `'iso885914'`
`'iso-8859-15'` | `'csisolatin9'`, `'iso8859-15'`, `'iso885915'`, `'iso_8859-15'`, `'l9'`
`'koi8-r'` | `'cskoi8r'`, `'koi'`, `'koi8'`, `'koi8_r'`
`'koi8-u'` | `'koi8-ru'`
`'macintosh'` | `'csmacintosh'`, `'mac'`, `'x-mac-roman'`
`'windows-874'` | `'dos-874'`, `'iso-8859-11'`, `'iso8859-11'`, `'iso885911'`, `'tis-620'`
`'windows-1250'` | `'cp1250'`, `'x-cp1250'`
`'windows-1251'` | `'cp1251'`, `'x-cp1251'`
`'windows-1252'` | `'ansi_x3.4-1968'`, `'ascii'`, `'cp1252'`, `'cp819'`, `'csisolatin1'`, `'ibm819'`, `'iso-8859-1'`, `'iso-ir-100'`, `'iso8859-1'`, `'iso88591'`, `'iso_8859-1'`, `'iso_8859-1:1987'`, `'l1'`, `'latin1'`, `'us-ascii'`, `'x-cp1252'`
`'windows-1253'` | `'cp1253'`, `'x-cp1253'`
`'windows-1254'` | `'cp1254'`, `'csisolatin5'`, `'iso-8859-9'`, `'iso-ir-148'`, `'iso8859-9'`, `'iso88599'`, `'iso_8859-9'`, `'iso_8859-9:1989'`, `'l5'`, `'latin5'`, `'x-cp1254'`
`'windows-1255'` | `'cp1255'`, `'x-cp1255'`
`'windows-1256'` | `'cp1256'`, `'x-cp1256'`
`'windows-1257'` | `'cp1257'`, `'x-cp1257'`
`'windows-1258'` | `'cp1258'`, `'x-cp1258'`
`'x-mac-cyrillic'` | `'x-mac-ukrainian'`
`'gbk'` | `'chinese'`, `'csgb2312'`, `'csiso58gb231280'`, `'gb2312'`, `'gb_2312'`, `'gb_2312-80'`, `'iso-ir-58'`, `'x-gbk'`
`'gb18030'` |
`'big5'` | `'big5-hkscs'`, `'cn-big5'`, `'csbig5'`, `'x-x-big5'`
`'euc-jp'` | `'cseucpkdfmtjapanese'`, `'x-euc-jp'`
`'iso-2022-jp'` | `'csiso2022jp'`
`'shift_jis'` | `'csshiftjis'`, `'ms932'`, `'ms_kanji'`, `'shift-jis'`, `'sjis'`, `'windows-31j'`, `'x-sjis'`
`'euc-kr'` | `'cseuckr'`, `'csksc56011987'`, `'iso-ir-149'`, `'korean'`, `'ks_c_5601-1987'`, `'ks_c_5601-1989'`, `'ksc5601'`, `'ksc_5601'`, `'windows-949'`

The `'iso-8859-16'` encoding listed in the WHATWG Encoding Standard is not supported.

### `new TextDecoder([encoding[, options]])`#

History

Version | Changes
--- | ---
v11.0.0 | The class is now available on the global object.
v8.3.0 | Added in: v8.3.0

- `encoding` <string> Identifies the `encoding` that this `TextDecoder` instance supports. Default: `'utf-8'`.

- `options` <Object>

  - `fatal` <boolean> `true` if decoding failures are fatal. This option is only supported when ICU is enabled (see Internationalization). Default: `false`.
  - `ignoreBOM` <boolean> When `true`, the `TextDecoder` will include the byte order mark in the decoded result. When `false`, the byte order mark will be removed from the output. This option is only used when `encoding` is `'utf-8'`, `'utf-16be'` or `'utf-16le'`. Default: `false`.

Creates an new `TextDecoder` instance. The `encoding` may specify one of the supported encodings or an alias.

The `TextDecoder` class is also available on the global object.

### `textDecoder.decode([input[, options]])`#

- `input` <ArrayBuffer> | <DataView> | <TypedArray> An `ArrayBuffer`, `DataView` or `TypedArray` instance containing the encoded data.

- `options` <Object>

  - `stream` <boolean> `true` if additional chunks of data are expected. Default: `false`.
- Returns: <string>

Decodes the `input` and returns a string. If `options.stream` is `true`, any incomplete byte sequences occurring at the end of the `input` are buffered internally and emitted after the next call to `textDecoder.decode()`.

If `textDecoder.fatal` is `true`, decoding errors that occur will result in a `TypeError` being thrown.

### `textDecoder.encoding`#

- <string>

The encoding supported by the `TextDecoder` instance.

### `textDecoder.fatal`#

- <boolean>

The value will be `true` if decoding errors result in a `TypeError` being thrown.

### `textDecoder.ignoreBOM`#

- <boolean>

The value will be `true` if the decoding result will include the byte order mark.

## Class: `util.TextEncoder`#

History

Version | Changes
--- | ---
v11.0.0 | The class is now available on the global object.
v8.3.0 | Added in: v8.3.0

An implementation of the WHATWG Encoding Standard `TextEncoder` API. All instances of `TextEncoder` only support UTF-8 encoding.

    const encoder = new TextEncoder();
    const uint8array = encoder.encode('this is some data');

The `TextEncoder` class is also available on the global object.

### `textEncoder.encode([input])`#

- `input` <string> The text to encode. Default: an empty string.
- Returns: <Uint8Array>

UTF-8 encodes the `input` string and returns a `Uint8Array` containing the encoded bytes.

### `textEncoder.encodeInto(src, dest)`#

- `src` <string> The text to encode.
- `dest` <Uint8Array> The array to hold the encode result.

- Returns: <Object>

  - `read` <number> The read Unicode code units of src.
  - `written` <number> The written UTF-8 bytes of dest.

UTF-8 encodes the `src` string to the `dest` Uint8Array and returns an object containing the read Unicode code units and written UTF-8 bytes.

    const encoder = new TextEncoder();
    const src = 'this is some data';
    const dest = new Uint8Array(10);
    const { read, written } = encoder.encodeInto(src, dest);

### `textEncoder.encoding`#

- <string>

The encoding supported by the `TextEncoder` instance. Always set to `'utf-8'`.

## `util.types`#

Added in: v10.0.0

`util.types` provides type checks for different kinds of built-in objects. Unlike `instanceof` or `Object.prototype.toString.call(value)`, these checks do not inspect properties of the object that are accessible from JavaScript (like their prototype), and usually have the overhead of calling into C++.

The result generally does not make any guarantees about what kinds of properties or behavior a value exposes in JavaScript. They are primarily useful for addon developers who prefer to do type checking in JavaScript.

### `util.types.isAnyArrayBuffer(value)`#

Added in: v10.0.0

- `value` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Returns `true` if the value is a built-in `ArrayBuffer` or `SharedArrayBuffer` instance.

See also `util.types.isArrayBuffer()` and `util.types.isSharedArrayBuffer()`.

    util.types.isAnyArrayBuffer(new ArrayBuffer());  // Returns true
    util.types.isAnyArrayBuffer(new SharedArrayBuffer());  // Returns true

### `util.types.isArgumentsObject(value)`#

Added in: v10.0.0

- `value` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Returns `true` if the value is an `arguments` object.

    function foo() {
      util.types.isArgumentsObject(arguments);  // Returns true
    }

### `util.types.isArrayBuffer(value)`#

Added in: v10.0.0

- `value` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Returns `true` if the value is a built-in `ArrayBuffer` instance. This does not include `SharedArrayBuffer` instances. Usually, it is desirable to test for both; See `util.types.isAnyArrayBuffer()` for that.

    util.types.isArrayBuffer(new ArrayBuffer());  // Returns true
    util.types.isArrayBuffer(new SharedArrayBuffer());  // Returns false

### `util.types.isAsyncFunction(value)`#

Added in: v10.0.0

- `value` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Returns `true` if the value is an async function. This only reports back what the JavaScript engine is seeing; in particular, the return value may not match the original source code if a transpilation tool was used.

    util.types.isAsyncFunction(function foo() {});  // Returns false
    util.types.isAsyncFunction(async function foo() {});  // Returns true

### `util.types.isBigInt64Array(value)`#

Added in: v10.0.0

- `value` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Returns `true` if the value is a `BigInt64Array` instance.

    util.types.isBigInt64Array(new BigInt64Array());   // Returns true
    util.types.isBigInt64Array(new BigUint64Array());  // Returns false

### `util.types.isBigUint64Array(value)`#

Added in: v10.0.0

- `value` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Returns `true` if the value is a `BigUint64Array` instance.

    util.types.isBigUint64Array(new BigInt64Array());   // Returns false
    util.types.isBigUint64Array(new BigUint64Array());  // Returns true

### `util.types.isBooleanObject(value)`#

Added in: v10.0.0

- `value` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Returns `true` if the value is a boolean object, e.g. created by `new Boolean()`.

    util.types.isBooleanObject(false);  // Returns false
    util.types.isBooleanObject(true);   // Returns false
    util.types.isBooleanObject(new Boolean(false)); // Returns true
    util.types.isBooleanObject(new Boolean(true));  // Returns true
    util.types.isBooleanObject(Boolean(false)); // Returns false
    util.types.isBooleanObject(Boolean(true));  // Returns false

### `util.types.isBoxedPrimitive(value)`#

Added in: v10.11.0

- `value` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Returns `true` if the value is any boxed primitive object, e.g. created by `new Boolean()`, `new String()` or `Object(Symbol())`.

For example:

    util.types.isBoxedPrimitive(false); // Returns false
    util.types.isBoxedPrimitive(new Boolean(false)); // Returns true
    util.types.isBoxedPrimitive(Symbol('foo')); // Returns false
    util.types.isBoxedPrimitive(Object(Symbol('foo'))); // Returns true
    util.types.isBoxedPrimitive(Object(BigInt(5))); // Returns true

### `util.types.isDataView(value)`#

Added in: v10.0.0

- `value` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Returns `true` if the value is a built-in `DataView` instance.

    const ab = new ArrayBuffer(20);
    util.types.isDataView(new DataView(ab));  // Returns true
    util.types.isDataView(new Float64Array());  // Returns false

See also `ArrayBuffer.isView()`.

### `util.types.isDate(value)`#

Added in: v10.0.0

- `value` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Returns `true` if the value is a built-in `Date` instance.

    util.types.isDate(new Date());  // Returns true

### `util.types.isExternal(value)`#

Added in: v10.0.0

- `value` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Returns `true` if the value is a native `External` value.

### `util.types.isFloat32Array(value)`#

Added in: v10.0.0

- `value` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Returns `true` if the value is a built-in `Float32Array` instance.

    util.types.isFloat32Array(new ArrayBuffer());  // Returns false
    util.types.isFloat32Array(new Float32Array());  // Returns true
    util.types.isFloat32Array(new Float64Array());  // Returns false

### `util.types.isFloat64Array(value)`#

Added in: v10.0.0

- `value` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Returns `true` if the value is a built-in `Float64Array` instance.

    util.types.isFloat64Array(new ArrayBuffer());  // Returns false
    util.types.isFloat64Array(new Uint8Array());  // Returns false
    util.types.isFloat64Array(new Float64Array());  // Returns true

### `util.types.isGeneratorFunction(value)`#

Added in: v10.0.0

- `value` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Returns `true` if the value is a generator function. This only reports back what the JavaScript engine is seeing; in particular, the return value may not match the original source code if a transpilation tool was used.

    util.types.isGeneratorFunction(function foo() {});  // Returns false
    util.types.isGeneratorFunction(function* foo() {});  // Returns true

### `util.types.isGeneratorObject(value)`#

Added in: v10.0.0

- `value` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Returns `true` if the value is a generator object as returned from a built-in generator function. This only reports back what the JavaScript engine is seeing; in particular, the return value may not match the original source code if a transpilation tool was used.

    function* foo() {}
    const generator = foo();
    util.types.isGeneratorObject(generator);  // Returns true

### `util.types.isInt8Array(value)`#

Added in: v10.0.0

- `value` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Returns `true` if the value is a built-in `Int8Array` instance.

    util.types.isInt8Array(new ArrayBuffer());  // Returns false
    util.types.isInt8Array(new Int8Array());  // Returns true
    util.types.isInt8Array(new Float64Array());  // Returns false

### `util.types.isInt16Array(value)`#

Added in: v10.0.0

- `value` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Returns `true` if the value is a built-in `Int16Array` instance.

    util.types.isInt16Array(new ArrayBuffer());  // Returns false
    util.types.isInt16Array(new Int16Array());  // Returns true
    util.types.isInt16Array(new Float64Array());  // Returns false

### `util.types.isInt32Array(value)`#

Added in: v10.0.0

- `value` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Returns `true` if the value is a built-in `Int32Array` instance.

    util.types.isInt32Array(new ArrayBuffer());  // Returns false
    util.types.isInt32Array(new Int32Array());  // Returns true
    util.types.isInt32Array(new Float64Array());  // Returns false

### `util.types.isMap(value)`#

Added in: v10.0.0

- `value` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Returns `true` if the value is a built-in `Map` instance.

    util.types.isMap(new Map());  // Returns true

### `util.types.isMapIterator(value)`#

Added in: v10.0.0

- `value` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Returns `true` if the value is an iterator returned for a built-in `Map` instance.

    const map = new Map();
    util.types.isMapIterator(map.keys());  // Returns true
    util.types.isMapIterator(map.values());  // Returns true
    util.types.isMapIterator(map.entries());  // Returns true
    util.types.isMapIterator(map[Symbol.iterator]());  // Returns true

### `util.types.isModuleNamespaceObject(value)`#

Added in: v10.0.0

- `value` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Returns `true` if the value is an instance of a Module Namespace Object.

    import * as ns from './a.js';

    util.types.isModuleNamespaceObject(ns);  // Returns true

### `util.types.isNativeError(value)`#

Added in: v10.0.0

- `value` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Returns `true` if the value is an instance of a built-in `Error` type.

    util.types.isNativeError(new Error());  // Returns true
    util.types.isNativeError(new TypeError());  // Returns true
    util.types.isNativeError(new RangeError());  // Returns true

### `util.types.isNumberObject(value)`#

Added in: v10.0.0

- `value` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Returns `true` if the value is a number object, e.g. created by `new Number()`.

    util.types.isNumberObject(0);  // Returns false
    util.types.isNumberObject(new Number(0));   // Returns true

### `util.types.isPromise(value)`#

Added in: v10.0.0

- `value` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Returns `true` if the value is a built-in `Promise`.

    util.types.isPromise(Promise.resolve(42));  // Returns true

### `util.types.isProxy(value)`#

Added in: v10.0.0

- `value` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Returns `true` if the value is a `Proxy` instance.

    const target = {};
    const proxy = new Proxy(target, {});
    util.types.isProxy(target);  // Returns false
    util.types.isProxy(proxy);  // Returns true

### `util.types.isRegExp(value)`#

Added in: v10.0.0

- `value` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Returns `true` if the value is a regular expression object.

    util.types.isRegExp(/abc/);  // Returns true
    util.types.isRegExp(new RegExp('abc'));  // Returns true

### `util.types.isSet(value)`#

Added in: v10.0.0

- `value` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Returns `true` if the value is a built-in `Set` instance.

    util.types.isSet(new Set());  // Returns true

### `util.types.isSetIterator(value)`#

Added in: v10.0.0

- `value` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Returns `true` if the value is an iterator returned for a built-in `Set` instance.

    const set = new Set();
    util.types.isSetIterator(set.keys());  // Returns true
    util.types.isSetIterator(set.values());  // Returns true
    util.types.isSetIterator(set.entries());  // Returns true
    util.types.isSetIterator(set[Symbol.iterator]());  // Returns true

### `util.types.isSharedArrayBuffer(value)`#

Added in: v10.0.0

- `value` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Returns `true` if the value is a built-in `SharedArrayBuffer` instance. This does not include `ArrayBuffer` instances. Usually, it is desirable to test for both; See `util.types.isAnyArrayBuffer()` for that.

    util.types.isSharedArrayBuffer(new ArrayBuffer());  // Returns false
    util.types.isSharedArrayBuffer(new SharedArrayBuffer());  // Returns true

### `util.types.isStringObject(value)`#

Added in: v10.0.0

- `value` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Returns `true` if the value is a string object, e.g. created by `new String()`.

    util.types.isStringObject('foo');  // Returns false
    util.types.isStringObject(new String('foo'));   // Returns true

### `util.types.isSymbolObject(value)`#

Added in: v10.0.0

- `value` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Returns `true` if the value is a symbol object, created by calling `Object()` on a `Symbol` primitive.

    const symbol = Symbol('foo');
    util.types.isSymbolObject(symbol);  // Returns false
    util.types.isSymbolObject(Object(symbol));   // Returns true

### `util.types.isTypedArray(value)`#

Added in: v10.0.0

- `value` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Returns `true` if the value is a built-in `TypedArray` instance.

    util.types.isTypedArray(new ArrayBuffer());  // Returns false
    util.types.isTypedArray(new Uint8Array());  // Returns true
    util.types.isTypedArray(new Float64Array());  // Returns true

See also `ArrayBuffer.isView()`.

### `util.types.isUint8Array(value)`#

Added in: v10.0.0

- `value` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Returns `true` if the value is a built-in `Uint8Array` instance.

    util.types.isUint8Array(new ArrayBuffer());  // Returns false
    util.types.isUint8Array(new Uint8Array());  // Returns true
    util.types.isUint8Array(new Float64Array());  // Returns false

### `util.types.isUint8ClampedArray(value)`#

Added in: v10.0.0

- `value` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Returns `true` if the value is a built-in `Uint8ClampedArray` instance.

    util.types.isUint8ClampedArray(new ArrayBuffer());  // Returns false
    util.types.isUint8ClampedArray(new Uint8ClampedArray());  // Returns true
    util.types.isUint8ClampedArray(new Float64Array());  // Returns false

### `util.types.isUint16Array(value)`#

Added in: v10.0.0

- `value` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Returns `true` if the value is a built-in `Uint16Array` instance.

    util.types.isUint16Array(new ArrayBuffer());  // Returns false
    util.types.isUint16Array(new Uint16Array());  // Returns true
    util.types.isUint16Array(new Float64Array());  // Returns false

### `util.types.isUint32Array(value)`#

Added in: v10.0.0

- `value` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Returns `true` if the value is a built-in `Uint32Array` instance.

    util.types.isUint32Array(new ArrayBuffer());  // Returns false
    util.types.isUint32Array(new Uint32Array());  // Returns true
    util.types.isUint32Array(new Float64Array());  // Returns false

### `util.types.isWeakMap(value)`#

Added in: v10.0.0

- `value` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Returns `true` if the value is a built-in `WeakMap` instance.

    util.types.isWeakMap(new WeakMap());  // Returns true

### `util.types.isWeakSet(value)`#

Added in: v10.0.0

- `value` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Returns `true` if the value is a built-in `WeakSet` instance.

    util.types.isWeakSet(new WeakSet());  // Returns true

### `util.types.isWebAssemblyCompiledModule(value)`#

Added in: v10.0.0

- `value` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Returns `true` if the value is a built-in `WebAssembly.Module` instance.

    const module = new WebAssembly.Module(wasmBuffer);
    util.types.isWebAssemblyCompiledModule(module);  // Returns true

## Deprecated APIs#

The following APIs are deprecated and should no longer be used. Existing applications and modules should be updated to find alternative approaches.

### `util._extend(target, source)`#

Added in: v0.7.5 Deprecated since: v6.0.0

Stability: 0 - Deprecated: Use `Object.assign()` instead.

- `target` <Object>
- `source` <Object>

The `util._extend()` method was never intended to be used outside of internal Node.js modules. The community found and used it anyway.

It is deprecated and should not be used in new code. JavaScript comes with very similar built-in functionality through `Object.assign()`.

### `util.isArray(object)`#

Added in: v0.6.0 Deprecated since: v4.0.0

Stability: 0 - Deprecated: Use `Array.isArray()` instead.

- `object` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Alias for `Array.isArray()`.

Returns `true` if the given `object` is an `Array`. Otherwise, returns `false`.

    const util = require('util');

    util.isArray([]);
    // Returns: true
    util.isArray(new Array());
    // Returns: true
    util.isArray({});
    // Returns: false

### `util.isBoolean(object)`#

Added in: v0.11.5 Deprecated since: v4.0.0

Stability: 0 - Deprecated: Use `typeof value === 'boolean'` instead.

- `object` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Returns `true` if the given `object` is a `Boolean`. Otherwise, returns `false`.

    const util = require('util');

    util.isBoolean(1);
    // Returns: false
    util.isBoolean(0);
    // Returns: false
    util.isBoolean(false);
    // Returns: true

### `util.isBuffer(object)`#

Added in: v0.11.5 Deprecated since: v4.0.0

Stability: 0 - Deprecated: Use `Buffer.isBuffer()` instead.

- `object` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Returns `true` if the given `object` is a `Buffer`. Otherwise, returns `false`.

    const util = require('util');

    util.isBuffer({ length: 0 });
    // Returns: false
    util.isBuffer([]);
    // Returns: false
    util.isBuffer(Buffer.from('hello world'));
    // Returns: true

### `util.isDate(object)`#

Added in: v0.6.0 Deprecated since: v4.0.0

Stability: 0 - Deprecated: Use `util.types.isDate()` instead.

- `object` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Returns `true` if the given `object` is a `Date`. Otherwise, returns `false`.

    const util = require('util');

    util.isDate(new Date());
    // Returns: true
    util.isDate(Date());
    // false (without 'new' returns a String)
    util.isDate({});
    // Returns: false

### `util.isError(object)`#

Added in: v0.6.0 Deprecated since: v4.0.0

Stability: 0 - Deprecated: Use `util.types.isNativeError()` instead.

- `object` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Returns `true` if the given `object` is an `Error`. Otherwise, returns `false`.

    const util = require('util');

    util.isError(new Error());
    // Returns: true
    util.isError(new TypeError());
    // Returns: true
    util.isError({ name: 'Error', message: 'an error occurred' });
    // Returns: false

This method relies on `Object.prototype.toString()` behavior. It is possible to obtain an incorrect result when the `object` argument manipulates `@@toStringTag`.

    const util = require('util');
    const obj = { name: 'Error', message: 'an error occurred' };

    util.isError(obj);
    // Returns: false
    obj[Symbol.toStringTag] = 'Error';
    util.isError(obj);
    // Returns: true

### `util.isFunction(object)`#

Added in: v0.11.5 Deprecated since: v4.0.0

Stability: 0 - Deprecated: Use `typeof value === 'function'` instead.

- `object` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Returns `true` if the given `object` is a `Function`. Otherwise, returns `false`.

    const util = require('util');

    function Foo() {}
    const Bar = () => {};

    util.isFunction({});
    // Returns: false
    util.isFunction(Foo);
    // Returns: true
    util.isFunction(Bar);
    // Returns: true

### `util.isNull(object)`#

Added in: v0.11.5 Deprecated since: v4.0.0

Stability: 0 - Deprecated: Use `value === null` instead.

- `object` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Returns `true` if the given `object` is strictly `null`. Otherwise, returns `false`.

    const util = require('util');

    util.isNull(0);
    // Returns: false
    util.isNull(undefined);
    // Returns: false
    util.isNull(null);
    // Returns: true

### `util.isNullOrUndefined(object)`#

Added in: v0.11.5 Deprecated since: v4.0.0

Stability: 0 - Deprecated: Use `value === undefined || value === null` instead.

- `object` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Returns `true` if the given `object` is `null` or `undefined`. Otherwise, returns `false`.

    const util = require('util');

    util.isNullOrUndefined(0);
    // Returns: false
    util.isNullOrUndefined(undefined);
    // Returns: true
    util.isNullOrUndefined(null);
    // Returns: true

### `util.isNumber(object)`#

Added in: v0.11.5 Deprecated since: v4.0.0

Stability: 0 - Deprecated: Use `typeof value === 'number'` instead.

- `object` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Returns `true` if the given `object` is a `Number`. Otherwise, returns `false`.

    const util = require('util');

    util.isNumber(false);
    // Returns: false
    util.isNumber(Infinity);
    // Returns: true
    util.isNumber(0);
    // Returns: true
    util.isNumber(NaN);
    // Returns: true

### `util.isObject(object)`#

Added in: v0.11.5 Deprecated since: v4.0.0

Stability: 0 - Deprecated: Use `value !== null && typeof value === 'object'` instead.

- `object` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Returns `true` if the given `object` is strictly an `Object` and not a `Function` (even though functions are objects in JavaScript). Otherwise, returns `false`.

    const util = require('util');

    util.isObject(5);
    // Returns: false
    util.isObject(null);
    // Returns: false
    util.isObject({});
    // Returns: true
    util.isObject(() => {});
    // Returns: false

### `util.isPrimitive(object)`#

Added in: v0.11.5 Deprecated since: v4.0.0

Stability: 0 - Deprecated: Use `(typeof value !== 'object' && typeof value !== 'function') || value === null` instead.

- `object` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Returns `true` if the given `object` is a primitive type. Otherwise, returns `false`.

    const util = require('util');

    util.isPrimitive(5);
    // Returns: true
    util.isPrimitive('foo');
    // Returns: true
    util.isPrimitive(false);
    // Returns: true
    util.isPrimitive(null);
    // Returns: true
    util.isPrimitive(undefined);
    // Returns: true
    util.isPrimitive({});
    // Returns: false
    util.isPrimitive(() => {});
    // Returns: false
    util.isPrimitive(/^$/);
    // Returns: false
    util.isPrimitive(new Date());
    // Returns: false

### `util.isRegExp(object)`#

Added in: v0.6.0 Deprecated since: v4.0.0

Stability: 0 - Deprecated

- `object` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Returns `true` if the given `object` is a `RegExp`. Otherwise, returns `false`.

    const util = require('util');

    util.isRegExp(/some regexp/);
    // Returns: true
    util.isRegExp(new RegExp('another regexp'));
    // Returns: true
    util.isRegExp({});
    // Returns: false

### `util.isString(object)`#

Added in: v0.11.5 Deprecated since: v4.0.0

Stability: 0 - Deprecated: Use `typeof value === 'string'` instead.

- `object` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Returns `true` if the given `object` is a `string`. Otherwise, returns `false`.

    const util = require('util');

    util.isString('');
    // Returns: true
    util.isString('foo');
    // Returns: true
    util.isString(String('foo'));
    // Returns: true
    util.isString(5);
    // Returns: false

### `util.isSymbol(object)`#

Added in: v0.11.5 Deprecated since: v4.0.0

Stability: 0 - Deprecated: Use `typeof value === 'symbol'` instead.

- `object` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Returns `true` if the given `object` is a `Symbol`. Otherwise, returns `false`.

    const util = require('util');

    util.isSymbol(5);
    // Returns: false
    util.isSymbol('foo');
    // Returns: false
    util.isSymbol(Symbol('foo'));
    // Returns: true

### `util.isUndefined(object)`#

Added in: v0.11.5 Deprecated since: v4.0.0

Stability: 0 - Deprecated: Use `value === undefined` instead.

- `object` <any>
- Returns: <boolean>

Returns `true` if the given `object` is `undefined`. Otherwise, returns `false`.

    const util = require('util');

    const foo = undefined;
    util.isUndefined(5);
    // Returns: false
    util.isUndefined(foo);
    // Returns: true
    util.isUndefined(null);
    // Returns: false

### `util.log(string)`#

Added in: v0.3.0 Deprecated since: v6.0.0

Stability: 0 - Deprecated: Use a third party module instead.

- `string` <string>

The `util.log()` method prints the given `string` to `stdout` with an included timestamp.

    const util = require('util');

    util.log('Timestamped message.');