








			      Kernel HOWTO Ķ

		 @: Brian Ward bri@blah.math.tu-graz.ac.at


			 Ķ: C.W.Huang & Asd L. Chen


	       v0.80, 26 May 1997.  ½Ķ: 25-29 August 1997



				   Abstract


     oO@ptmBsĶBɯŮ֤ߥHαѯɪԲӫޡD



1.  ²

AO_ݭn\Ūo? pGAUCg@ܡAOG



     ``urIoM wizzo-46.5.6 n黡ݭn 1.8.193 ֤ߡAӧګoMu
     1.0.9 I''

     s֤ߤ@حAnݭn@ӳ]Xʵ{D

     ApsĶ֤߯u@LҪD

     ``b README ɮ׸̭uNOƤF?''

     AӡAAաA٬OʡD

     AݭnYƵ@nDAL̦wˮ֤ߪH̡D


1.1  Хݦ!


o󤤪YǽdҰ]A GNU tarAfind H xargsD oǬO Linux
M̪зǤuAӤODD
󤤤]]ADAtΪɮרtά[cApGAäDA̦nּgU@ mount
ObtΥ`B@UAܪG@Ѧ(Ϊ̬O@ /etc/fstab
CApGAݱo)D
oǸTܭnAӥBADAsΩΥ[JsϺСAsw˧AtΥHΰѦpާ@A_h̤|ܰʡD

g@ɳ̷s``~''֤ߪXO
2.0.30A]NO媺ѦҤΨҤlOӪD
Mڹog峹q򪩥LA֤߫o_aboiD


Kernel HOWTO Ķ





Kernel HOWTO Ķ



]pGAo@sAiקKa|@ǤPD
MAoӤ|yjDAi|sy@ǲVcD


ت Linux ֤߭lXA``~'' P ``oi'' D ~q 1.0.x
}lӥBثeOHƽso; 1.0.x O~A1.2.x O~A 2.0.x
]ODoǪӤíwAboɬOS(bug)D oi֤
(1.1.x, 1.3.x )
O@եΪAǷQnճ̷sӥBi঳\hΪHΪD wgĵiLAFD

1.2  峹满

ݰ_ӹo text rΪ̬OY˱NX{AùWFA@ɦWA
άOY˥iQJFAOROAΩROﶵ(pGAݪO¤rɮסAݰ_ӨS򤣦P)D
ROP䥦Jg`Qذ_(` ')Aog`ް_嫬IŸD:
pGo˪إX{byl̫᭱AḪɱ`|bRO᭱[W@y `.'A
]H޸ߺDNyJ޸̭D
Yϥα`(ӤOAo]F֦```''HOߺDꦡ޸)Q]DNoIhAܦhH`OѰOD
ҥHbΤUڱNyb޸~YDyܻAڥsAn ``make config'' ɡA
ڷ|g `make config'AӤO `make config.'D


2.  nDPѵ

2.1  ޫˡA֤ߨ쩳O?


b Unix tΤAOA{Pw骺@ӥ̡D
AҦ椤{({)O޲zA
åBTO̳(ΤApGA@N)ɳBzB귽D
~AٴѤF@Ө}n责쪺{zLPAw鷾qD

֤ߩҳBzu@o٭n@ǡALoǰ򥻪\O̥nDD

2.2  ڬns֤?


s֤ߤ@ӻ|ѧjOӻPhة__ǩǪw鷾q(]NOA֦̾h]Xʵ{)A
̯n{޲zA̯檺ª󦳮ĲvḀiªӪíwAӥB̭ץFª̪@ǿ~D
jHO]L̻ݭnǷs]Xʵ{Hο~ץӧs֤ߡD

2.3  s֤ߤ䴩ǵw?

Ь Hardware-HOWTO D t@ӤkOAAiHd Linux l{X `con
fig.in' ɡA Ϊ̴NbAյۥh `make config' ɧXӡD `make config'
N|AݨзǪ֤߭l{X䴩ҦwAoäO Linux
Ҥ䴩wF \hq]Xʵ{(O PCMCIA
Xʵ{HάYǺϱaXʵ{)OӧO@εo檺iJҲաD

2.4  ڻݭnӪ gcc άO libc ?

Linus oӰDĳb Linux l{ README ɮYD
pGASӪάOsAs gcc ӷ|iDAO_ݭns libc
D oӾާ@|DAunӵۻNiHFD








Kernel HOWTO Ķ



2.5  OiJҲ?

̬O֤ߪ@(q`O]Xʵ{)AOèSsĶ֤߸̭hD
̳QOsĶAMXGiHbɭԱN̴JB@֤ߩαqXD
ѩ󥦪KQʡAowg@ؼW[F֤߸̥hn覡D
\h`Ϊ]Xʵ{AҦp PCMCIA Xʵ{H QIC-80/40
ϱaXʵ{NOiJҲաD

2.6  ڻݭnhjϺЪŶ?

oPAtΪStmDAYL᪺ Linux l{Xb 2.0.10 ɬ 6
MBD \hxbYᤴ|Od@DYHoN 24 MBD
o٤O w AN|ݭnhϺЪŶӹڽsĶoǪFD
oPAtmh֪FA֤߸YhDҦpAbYWAڦA3Com
3C503 Xʵ{A åBtmFTɮרtΡAӳo@ݭn 30 MBD[WYL
linux  l{XAoӰtmjݭnαA 36MB D
bt~@ӨtΤWAݭn䴩](Mݭn䴩)A[WĥdAGYhŶD
٦A@ӷs֤ߴXG`OªjŶD
ҥHA@ӻApGA\hصw]ƪܡATwAwЪŶӮeǳoӰtmD
(H骺ӻAxsŶDڤणĳAAR@xϺоD)

2.7  oݭnh[ɶ?

jHӨA׬O``ܤ[''DABztצh֡AHΧA֦OƶqhֱNOMwһݮɶDn]A
OAbh֪Ftm֤߸Yho譱٬OiHIVOD b@x 16 MB
O骺 486DX4-100 qWA@ӦɮרtΡB䴩BHέĥdXʵ{
1.2 ֤ߥiHbGQHD tmAb@x 386DX/40(8 MB
O)Wjݭnn 1.5 ӤpɡD
bsĶ֤߮ɳq`@ǦnĳOhܤ@I@ءAIqA´ǤuAΥAwơD
pGAuܺCܧA]Ӵx֪D


3.  pui֤ߪtm?

"

3.1  ol{X


AiHgѰΦW ftp q ftp.funet.fi  /pub/Linux/PEOPLE/LinusA άO䥦 MIR
ROR oD([Ķ] xWiq ftp.edu.tw oD) ɮצW٤@OHаO linux-
x.y.z.tar.gz NA䤤 x.y.z OsD
s(n?)Hέ׸ɤ@Ob `v1.1' H `v1.2' o˪lؿUD
Ʀr̤jO̷sAӥBq`O``ժ''A]NOpGA beta  alpha
P줣wܡAAӰdbDno檩WD


jPĳAh mirror  ftp `IAӤn ftp.funet.fi h!  UO@
mirrors HΨL`I²nC:













Kernel HOWTO Ķ



     USA:	  sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/kernel

     USA:	  tsx-11.mit.edu:/pub/linux/sources/system

     UK:	  sunsite.doc.ic.ac.uk:/pub/unix/Linux/sunsite.unc-mirror/kernel

     Austria:	  ftp.univie.ac.at:/systems/linux/sunsite/kernel

     Germany:	  ftp.Germany.EU.net:/pub/os/Linux/Local.EUnet/Kernel/Linus

     Germany:	  sunsite.informatik.rwth-aachen.de:/pub/Linux/PEOPLE/Linus

     France:	  ftp.ibp.fr:/pub/linux/sources/system/patches

     Australia:   sunsite.anu.edu.au:/pub/linux/kernel



@ӻAsunsite.unc.edu  mirror Oܦn䪺D ɮ /pub/Linux/MIRRORS
]tFw mirror `ID pGASkW ftp AӦs linux  BBS
tΦC|wZnb comp.os.linux.announce WAյۨ쨺h@UD

pGAQM@몺 Linux TPMAh D

3.2  Ѷ}l{X]


TwAOH`root'ñJAM cd  /usr/srcD pGAw Linux
ɤwgwˤF֤߭l{XAboӥؿUӤwgsb@ӥs `linux'
lؿD oOª linux
l{XDpGA٦ϺЪŶӥBQnow@IAA|QnOdoӤlؿD
ӦnDNOھڧAثeϥΪ֤ߪӭקoӤlؿW١D `uname -r'
oӫON|iDAثe֤ߪD ҥHApG `uname -r' 
`1.0.9'AANiH `linux' W( `mv') `linux-1.0.9'D
pGAOӾ|HANoӤlؿMD
L׬O@رpAϥunTwbѶ}l{XeA/usr/src ؿUS
`linux' oӤlؿNFD


b /usr/src ؿUA `tar zxpvf linux-x.y.z.tar.gz' ӸѶ}l{X]
(pGA쪺O .tar ɮסA᭱S[W .gzAN `tar xpvf linux-
x.y.z.tar')D AN|ݨl{euӹLDHAb /usr/src
N|X{@ӷs `linux' lؿD cd  linux ؿUMd README ɡA
̭ӷ|@qD `INSTALLING the kernel' rD
pGAܡA̷ӻ̪ w إ߸ӦŸ쵲ALɪ .o
ɮ׵Ѧpu@D

3.3  tm֤


`NGoeǬO Linus  README ɮפ`Υ[H׭qD


b /usr/src/linux U `make config' oөRON|ҩl@ӫOZA








Kernel HOWTO Ķ



ӳoӫOZ|ݧAUذDDݭn bash AҥHnTw bash O /bin/bashA/bin/sh
 $BASHD

٦䥦 `make config' 覡Ai|ıoeϥΡD 墨ǰ X Window
HApG Tk ܥiHյۥ `make xconfig'D `make menuconfig'
OǦ (n)curses ӥBwrҦ檺HΪD oǬɭө㪺nB:
pGbtmL{ApߥǤFAiH²a^hץD

A{bӷǳƦn^oǰDAq` `y'  `n' NiHFD
]Xʵ{q`|@ `m' ﶵD o``Ҳ(mod
ule)''AܻtαN|sĶA|i֤߸̡AӬO@iJҲաD
@Ӧ쪺kO``maybe''D@ǫܩάOnﶵN|b[HD
Ш``䥦tmﶵ (section 10., page 26)''@`䤤²uD

b 2.0.x ΥH᪺@ `?' ﶵAѤFoӰtmѼƪ²uyzD
oǸTӳO̷sD

3.3.1  Kernel math emulation (֤ߪƾǹB)


pGASƾǻUBBz(Au@xª 386  486SX)AAb
o̭n^ `y'DpGAwgƾǻUBBzo٦^ `y'A ]Ӿ w
linux ٬O|hϥΥө֤ߪ{D
ߤ@vTOsĶXӪ֤ܤjF(αhO)D ťƾǹB²ܺC;
MM`LӤjYA٬OӪ`No X Window tΪĲv|ܤjvTD

3.3.2  Normal (MFM/RLL) disk and IDE disk/cdrom support (зǵwФ䴩)


Abo̮tho^ `y'DNNO֤߱N|䴩зǪ PC wСA
ҦpjhƤHϥΪ IDE ɭwСDo]A SCSI ]ƪ䴩; oNb᭱]wD

MA|Qݨ ``old disk-only'' P ``new IDE'' Xʵ{ơD
AӨ̿@; DntOOªXʵ{u䴩@ɭⳡϺоA
ӷsXʵ{䴩ĤGɭ IDE/ATAPI оDsXʵ{ªjh 4KA
ӥBӬO``}''A]NOFi]tǳ\~~Aӷ|ﵽAϺЮĲvASOOpGAs
EIDE w骺ܡD

3.3.3  Networking support (䴩)

"


hWApGAsAĴpAA Internet suAάOANϥ
SLIPAPPPAterm Ψ䥦覡 Internet WܡA^ `y'D

MӡAYǳnM(Ҧp X Window
t)ݭn䴩AYϧAäusWDoΧA]Ӧ^ `y'D

MAA|QݨO_ݭn䴩 TCP/IP ApGAQTwAN^ `y'D

3.3.4  Limit memory to low 16MB (Ob 16 MB)

"








Kernel HOWTO Ķ



i|@Ǥ} 386 DMA LkTaw} 16 MB HWO}F

pGAno(u)pɡAA]Nun^ y FD

3.3.5  System V IPC


@ IPC ({qTAInterprocess Communication) wqNb Perl ѤѡD

oäj_ǡA@ Perl
{]p̥Υ{۷qAN\h䥦M(̵ۦWp DOOM)@ˡD

]DAFѧAbAM̦nO^ nD

3.3.6  Processor type (386, 486, Pentium, PPro)     (LBz)

"


(bª֤ߤ: Use -m486 flag for 486-specific optimizationsAϥ
-m486 Xаw 486 ̨Τ)


ӺDҦaAoO@SOLBzYس̨Τ;
֤ߤib䥦W]oܦnAi|jǡD

LAbs֤ߤWAwgOoӼˤlFD]AӥTa^AnsĶLBzD

``386'' ֤ߥiHbҦWu@D

3.3.7  SCSI support (SCSI 䴩)

"


pGA SCSI ]ơAN^ `y'D

۷|ܭnDi@BTAOAO_n䴩оAϺоA٦AϥΪO@
SCSI dD

oаѾ\ SCSI-HOWTOAԲӪD

3.3.8  Network device support (]Ƥ䴩)

"


pGAdAΪ̧AQnϥ SLIPAPPPAάOæCɭdAN^ `y'D

۷|ܰݧAϥΪO@غdAέnϥΨ@سqTwD

3.3.9  Filesystems (ɮרt)

"








Kernel HOWTO Ķ



oN|ܭnA^ҭn䴩ɮרtκApG


Standard (minix) w sM󤣦Aإ minix
ɮרtΡAӥBܦhHϥΥAO⥦tmb֤߸̤MOӦnDND

Y``ϺϤ''{|Ψ쥦AӥBM\hnкϤi minix ɮרtΡA]
minix ɮרtιBznФ譱LDD


Extended fs w
oOXRɮרtΪĤ@A{bwgAϥΡDϥΪɾOApGAݭnAAN|DDpGAıoháAANݭnD


Second extended w
oO{bso檺MҼsxĥΪɮרtΡAAi|䤤@ءAҥH^
`y'D


xiafs filesystem w
oɮרtδg@׫ܴMAObgoɡAڤwgDHbϥΥFD


msdos w pGAQnb linux UϥΧAwФ MS-DOS ΰϡAάOQN MS-DOS
榡ƪnФiӪܡA^ `y'D


ums-dos w oɮרtί MS-DOS ɮרtξ֦h Unix
SʡAOɦWDo墨Ǥϥ MS-DOS H()äOܦΡD


/proc w t@د_F(ڲqoӷOLaqǸ̰LӪ)D

OAwФΰϸ̪FAӬO֤߻P{ǤɮרtΤD\h{Ǥu(
`ps')|Ψ쥦D

ɥiHյۥ `cat /proc/meminfo'  `cat /proc/devices'D

Y shell (SOO rc) ϥΤF /proc/self/fd (b䥦tθ̥s /dev/fd)
ӰXJʧ@D

AXGӦ^ `y'; \hn Linux u㳣̿०ӹB@D


NFS w pGAbҤUӥBQn NFS ӨϥΨ䥦ɮרtΡA^ `y'D


ISO9660 w jФϥγoɮרtΡDpGAоӥBQb Linux
UϥΡA^ `y'D


OS/2 HPFS w bsgo󪺮ɭԡAoɮרt٥u䴩 OS/2 HPFS ŪD










Kernel HOWTO Ķ



System V and Coherent w oO System V H Coherent
tΪΰϦӳ](̬Ot@ئb PC W Unix t)D

3.3.9.1  OڤDڻݭnɮרt!

"


naAJ `mount'Dݰ_ӷ|oˡG




	 blah# mount

	 /dev/hda1 on / type ext2 (defaults)

	 /dev/hda3 on /usr type ext2 (defaults)

	 none on /proc type proc (defaults)

	 /dev/fd0 on /mnt type msdos (defaults)



JӬݬݨC@Fb `type' ᭱ӦrNOɮרtΪ榡D

boӨҤlAڪ / M /usr ΰϬO second extended 榡A

ڨϥΤF /proc AӥB@iH msdos (bleah) ɮרtή榡ϤD


pGAϥ /procAiHո `cat /proc/filesystems'D

|A@ثeϥΪ֤ߩҤ䴩ɮרtΦCD


otmä`ϥΡDnɮרtη|Ϯ֤os~;

ѨiJҲդ@`HקKpAH`` (section 7., page
17)''@`s~֤ߤnD

3.3.10	Character devices (r])

"


bo̡AAN|o{\h]ƦW١AΨӳ]wALA׬yƷƹAPS/2
ƹ(jOqϥΤت PS/2 ƹ)A

HΤ@ǺϱaXʵ{AHΨ䥦``r'']ơDXAﶵɡA^ `y'D


`NGSelection oӵ{ϧAiHb X window








Kernel HOWTO Ķ



~ϥηƹbUӵxŶKʧ@D

pGACƹܡAouܴΡA]P X window q}nA

LpGAΨ䥦ƹNݭnIޥFDSelection
g@׬OܪtmtAL{bwgOзǤFD


`NG: Selection {bwgLɤFD{bs{Ws ``gpm''D

వ󯫩_ơAOഫƹwABzhƹKK

3.3.11	Sound card (ĥd)

"


pGAQť biff {jsܡA^ `y'D

Mᵥ@U|sĶt@Ӱtm{øԲӸ߰ݧAҦ󭵮ĥdDD

(`N: ݧAO_w˧㪩Xʵ{ɡAAiH^ `n'
H֧A֤߰OåuΧAuݭnD)

pGAĥdڱjPĳݤ@U Sound-HOWTO HDhӸ`D

3.3.12	䥦tmﶵ


SNҦﶵCXӡA]Ǹg`ܡAάO۷۩(Ҧp  3Com 3C509
support NOsĶoدSOAӺdXʵ{)A

@ӤQezѪҦﶵC(]AN̩ Configure OZk)ibo
URL ( Axel Boldt axel@uni-paderborn.de Ҧ):







θgѰΦW FTP :







䤤 x.yz OXD


Ӫ֤ߤ(2.0.x Ψ᪺)AowQXl{XD









Kernel HOWTO Ķ



3.3.13	Kernel hacking


>oOq Linus  README ̺KG


``kernel hacking'' tmӸ`q`|ͤ@ӧjάOC֤(Ϊ̬OSjSC)A

ӥBi]N@Ǳ`tmܬDahդ_@Ǥ}{XHKX֤߸̪D]
kmalloc() ^A

Өϱo֤ܱoíwDҥHnͤ@Ӯ֤``~''ܡAAboӦ^
`n'D

3.4  {bO? (The Makefile)


bA make config Aӷ|@ӰTiDA֤ߤwgtmnFA

HέnAh``check the top-level Makefile for additional configuration''
TD


ҥHdݤ@U MakefileDAӤܥAOݬݵLD

@s֤ߧAA]iH `rdev' Oӧܨ䤤ﶵD


4.  sĶ֤

"

4.1  MPT{

"


ΨӶitmOZ槹ɡA|iDAh `make dep' H `clean'D

ҥHn`make dep'DoNTOҦۨYAҦp include files SDD

DAquܺCA_h|Ӥ[ɶD

Abª֤ߤAӰ `make clean'D

o|M֤߽sĶҦتɥHΨ䥦FDbؤ@Ӯ֤ߤenѰOoӨBJD

4.2  sĶɴ

"


b `make dep'  `make clean' u@AA{biH `make zImage' 
`make zdisk' (oݭnɶ)D








Kernel HOWTO Ķ



`make zImage' N|sĶ֤ߡAåBb arch/i386/boot dA@ӥs `zImage'
ɮסDoNOsY֤ߡD

`make zdisk'
Ƥ]@ˡAO|֤ߩAҧƱ檺ϤhAunoiϤb ``A:''D

`zdisk'շs֤߫ܤKFpG(Τu@`)AunϤAª֤߱ҰʧYiD

pGAN~aRF֤ߩάO򪺡A]OӤKҰʿkD

A@xϺЪeɭ˨t~@xhɡAA]iHΥӦw˷st(FoǤ~٦hγ~I)


ҦӪ֤߳OYLAҥH `z'
bWreDYL֤߰檺ɭԷ|۰ʱNۤvYD

4.3  LiH``make''F

"


`make mrproper' N|sx `M' u@D

oӰʧ@ɭԬOAҥHAi|ƱbC׸ɪɭ԰楦D

`make mrproper'
ٷ|NAtmɮױAҥHpGA{nӥ@ƥ(b .config)D


`make oldconfig' |եѤ@ªtmɮרӰtmA֤ߡD|A `make con
fig'D

pGA٥sĶL֤ߩΨSªtmɮסAAiणӰoӡA]AXGTw|w]tmD


ѨiJҲդ@` `make modules' D

4.4  wˮ֤

"


bAwgo@Ӭݰ_ӯӧAƱB@s֤ߤA{bOw˥ɭԤFD

jHϥ LILO (Linux Loader) ӰoơD

`make zlilo' N|wˮ֤ߡAM復 LILOAϧAҦ}ǳơA

Ooub LILO wgHUCoؤ覡tmnɭԤ~iHG֤߬ /vmlinuz A lilo
b /sbin UAӥBPA LILO tm(/etc/lilo.conf)@PD


t@譱AAiݭnϥ
LILODoO@Ӭ۷ew˪nAMӡAtmɱ`ϤHxZD








Kernel HOWTO Ķ



dݰtm(Oª /etc/lilo/config NOs
/etc/lilo.conf)Aݬݸ̭ǤD

ݰ_ӹoˤlFG




	 image = /vmlinuz

	  label = Linux

	  root = /dev/hda1

	  ...



A`image =' ]wwgw˪֤ߡDjHG /vmlinuzD

`label' hO lilo ΨӨMw{bnҰʪOӮ֤ߩΧ@~tΡA

 `root' hOoӯSO@~tΪڥؿ /D

ƥ@ª֤ߡAMNA zImage ih(ҦpApGA `/vmlinuz'
ܡANo `cp zImage /vmlinuz')D

MA `lilo'AObªtΤWAAiॲ /etc/lilo/install
άƦܬO /etc/lilo/lilo -C /etc/lilo/configD


pGAQDh LILO tmAάOAèS LILO OAQnw˪ܡA

qAw ftp `Io̷sM̻ơD


nqwбҰʧA®֤ߨ䤤@(oOt@Ӧbs֤ߥXppUO@Aۤvk)A

 LILO tmɤҦ(]A) `image = xxx' ɮת̩ݡA

M `image = xxx' 令 `image = yyy' 䤤 `yyy'
OAƥ®֤ߩҦsɪWrD

ۡA `label = zzz' 令O `label = linux-backup' M᭫s liloD

Aion[W@ `delay=x'A䤤 x OHQ@쪺ɶA

oOiD LILO bҰʫe@UAҥHAiH_(Ҧp shift )D

MJҳƥҰʬM label (boͤFYǥOHr֪ƱpU)D












Kernel HOWTO Ķ



5.  ׸ɮ֤

"

5.1  ϥέ׸

"


֤ߪpTsOH׸ɪ覡oDҦpApGAO 1.1.45 A

ӥBA`NX{F@ `patch46.gz' iHΨӤɯťA

oNAiHǥѨϥγoӭ׸ɱNɯŨ 1.1.46D

A]\|Qnƥl{X(`make clean' M `cd /usr/src; tar zcvf old-
tree.tar.gz linux' N|AyX@ tar
YɡA̭NOӭl{XPɮ׬[c)D


{b~WҤlA]AwgoF `patch46.gz' éb /usr/src UD

cd  /usr/src M `zcat patch46.gz | patch -p0'
(pGäOYL׸ɡAN `patch -p0 < patch46')A

AN|ݨ\hF譸uӹL(άOCCLApGAquܺC)iDAյۭ׸ɵ{AHάO_\D

q`AoӹL{ֱoLkJӬݲMʧ@AҥHA|LkTw쩳S\aD

ҥHAi|Qb patch O[W -s ﶵAiD patch {ui~TNnD

(o˧AN|o\h``!
ڪqbYǧ!''PıALAi@oˡK)

Noݤ@ǥiणO򶶧QơDcd  /usr/src/linux çMɦW
.rej ɮסD

YǪ
patch]ªḀiObɮרtΤWsĶ^|oǨS\ާ@ObɦW
# ɮ׸̡D

AiH `find' ӴAF



	 find .  -name '*.rej' -print



|N{ؿΤlؿUҦ .rej ɦWLзǿXD


pG@TL~ܡAĤT`ĥ|`ҰQת `make clean'A`config' H
`dep'D








Kernel HOWTO Ķ



 patch Ot~٦@ǿﶵDpeҭzApatch -s
N|F~H~ҦLTD

pGA֤߭l{Xb /usr/src/linux H~aAbӥؿU patch -p1
]iHbW׸ɥȡD

䥦 patch ﶵbuWU(man page)̳ܸԲӪyzD

5.2  pG~o

"


(`N: `쪺jOª֤)


q`̱`oͪDO patch ק@ӥs `config.in'
ɮ׮ɡAoɮ׬ݰ_ӤlA

]AקF@ǿﶵӰtXADoӰDwgpߪ`NLFA٬Oi঳H|bªWDJoӰDD

nץoӰDܡAd config.in.rej oɮ׸̯dUǤTD

קL`ӻ|bC@}laФW `+' M `-'D

dݦаOXAMOo̬O] `y' άO `n'D

{bs config.in ɡAMbAa

 `y' 令 `n' H `n' 令 `y'D



	 patch -p0 < config.in.rej



pG\(S~)AANiH~tmPsĶu@D

o config.in.rej ٬O|db̡AOAiH屼D

pGAMDJ䥦DAiOAwˤF@la׸ɡD

pG patch  `previously applied patch detected: Assume -R?'A

AiϥΤF@ǤAثes٧C׸; pGA^
`y'A|ձNA{XšAӥBXG@w|;

pAANݭnso@sl{XD


n٭׸ɫeAܡAb׸ɤW `patch -R'D










Kernel HOWTO Ķ



׸ɯuѪɭԡA̦nkOq@Ӱbl{X(Ҧpq linux-
x.x.x.tar.gz ɮר䤤@)}lAAsD

5.3  屼 .orig ɮ

"


unLX׸ɥHA .orig ɮױN|}lnD

ҦpAڪ@ 1.1.51 {X̫@MOb 1.1.48 ]ڷQOa^D

Ro .orig ɮ׷|`ٳ\hϺЪŶD



	 find .  -name '*.orig' -exec rm -f {} ';'



N|AӮƳoơDYǪ patch | ~ ӥN .origD


䥦nki屼o .orig ɡANOQ GNU  xargs:



	 find .  -name '*.orig' | xargs rm



άOwo۪k:



	 find . -name '*.orig' -print0 | xargs --null rm --



5.4  䥦׸

"


@ǨäO Linus o檺䥦׸ɥX{(ڱN٤``DзǪ'')D

pGAϥΤF̡ALinus ׸ɥi|ӵLkTaA

AOoN٭NOo]ӥhקl{XάO׸ɡDoӤu@Ǫ̳q`OܰQA

ҥHpGAQhקl{X(Gq`jn)Abϥ Linus
׸ɤe٭oǫDзǪ׸ɡAέsw˷s{XD

MոճoDзǪ׸ɯणΡDpG઺ܡAnAN~ϥª֤ߡA








Kernel HOWTO Ķ



յۭק׸ɨϨΡAnN(iO^D)sDзǭ׸ɥX{D


DзǪ׸ɦhM? AiിgťL̡Dڨϥ Bill Paul
{{׸ɨӭקڪxA]ڰQ|{{(oӭ׸ɸg`s֤ߦӧs)D

ѩjs]Xʵ{wgQoiiJҲէΦA]\hDзǪ׸ɪnʤwvCD


6.  [M

"


A Linux ֤ߦ\hbl{X̭èSSʡF

oǯSʤ@Ogѥ~ӪnӧQΡAbo̦CX@̴MG

6.1  kbd

"


Linux
xۤAүYhSDo]ArAsMALAܼҦ(s֤)OD

kbd
oMn̦ϥΪ̰oǰʧ@䴩{A٥[W@j諸rHδXGHAΥL@LMD

ibm֤߭lXP@xD

6.2  util-linux

"


Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu) F@j Linux uAs util-linuxD

{bO Nicolai Langfeldt (util-linux@math.uio.no) Һ@D

iq sunsite.unc.edu  /pub/Linux/system/misc oD

]AF settermArdev H ctrlaltdel P֤ߦuD

N Rik һAnQQN⥦ˤWh!
Aݭnw˦M󤤪C@ӪFAӥBpGAo˰ܥi|ް_YDD

6.3  hdparm

"


ܦhn@ˡAogO@Ӯ֤߭׸ɤΨ䴩{D









Kernel HOWTO Ķ



oǭ׸ɳQJӷ~֤ߤAӥΨӳ̨ΤƥHνվAAwЪ䴩{@O}o檺D

6.4  gpm

"


gpm O general purpose mouse ²gD

oӵ{iHAϥΤPƹbxŶKAHΰ@Ǩ䥦ƱD


7.  @ǳ

"

7.1  make clean


pGAs֤߷|@ǯuܩ_ǪơAiO]bsĶ֤߫eAѤFM make
cleanD

gqA֤ߤ`aY_ǪXJDA@iĲv@ӨAiHOơD

̦n]nTwA make depD

7.2  jνwC֤

"


pGA֤ߦΤFjqOAΪ̥uOܤjܤjA]Ϊ̬OYϥΧAs
786DX6/440 ӽsĶoٹOûsĶܡA

򦳥iO]AtmFӦhnF(]Xʵ{Aɮרtε)D

pGA|ΨYǪFANntmA]u|ΰOD

֤߹Ls~̩㪺gNOoͰOPϺФ`jqƥ洫D

pGAOΨnť_ӦnOQg« Fujitsu Eagles
wСAˬd@UA֤߰tmD


AiHXAWO骺ƶqAM /proc/meminfo ̭ ``total mem''
 `free' OұoOƶqӱo֤ߨϥΤFhְOD

A]iH `dmesg'
(Ϊ̤]iHdݮ֤ߪOɡA@wb|Atθ)Dݰ_ӴNo@G



Memory: 15124k/16384k available (552k kernel code, 384k reserved, 324k data)









Kernel HOWTO Ķ



ڪ 386 (tmܤ֩U)ܦpUG



Memory: 7000k/8192k available (496k kernel code, 384k reserved, 312k data)



pGA`'o@j֤ߦtΫoAAAiHո `make bzimage'D

Aiॲw˷s LILO ӰoơD

7.3  ֤ߵLksĶ

"


pGSQsĶAiOӭ׸ɥѤFAΪ̬OAqYӦa讳쪺l{XDD

]iO]A gcc TaF(ҦptJɦ~)D

Tw Linus b README ̩ҴyzŸ쵲TإߡD

@뻡ӡApG֤ߨSsĶAoܦbYǦa観Y~AswˬYǤuiOD


Ϊ̥iA ELF sĶ (gcc 2.6.3 ΥH᪺) ӽsĶ 1.2.x ֤ߡD

pGsĶL{Ao@j諸 xxxx undefined TAoiOADD

ץkj²DNoX[ arch/i386/Makefile :

arch/i386/Makefile:



     AS=/usr/i486-linuxaout/bin/as

     LD=/usr/i486-linuxaout/bin/ld -m i386linux

     CC=gcc -b i486-linuxaout -D__KERNEL__ -I$(TOPDIR)/include



M᭫s make dep P zImageD


bּƱpUAgcc i|ѩwDӷD~T| ``xxx exited with sig
nal 15'' AӥB|ݰ_ӫܩ_ǡD

ڥӤQoIALbڨW]o͹L@ - ڦ@a cache
OAsĶɱ`|HaD

pGADܥյۭsw gccDpGAN~ cache A֤@ RAM








Kernel HOWTO Ķ



֤ߴNsĶ\FAAju|ıoiáD


iDH̥Lw馳D`|ϤHxZDLAoOڵoD

oO@ FAQ -- iHb	E

7.4  s֤ߦGҰ

"


AS LILO AάOSTtmD@ڴgI쪺DOXbtmɸ̡A

ڥΤF `boot = /dev/hda1' ӤO `boot = /dev/hda'

(ob}lɯuOܰQAO@AF@ӥiHΪtmɡAӤݭnhAhܥ)D

7.5  AѤF LILOAΨtήڥҰ

"


I{b̦nkOκϤҰʡAåBǳƥt@iiHҰʪϤ(O`make
zdisk'ɰϤ)D

AoDAڥؿ(/)ҦbΰϥHΥ榡(second extended, minix )D

bUҤlAA]oDA /usr/src/linux
l{XbӤΰϡA榡AHΥ@|bD


boӨҤlA ڥؿ / O /dev/hda1Aӫ /usr/src/linux ΰϬO
/dev/hda3A@|b /usr UD

̳O second extended ɮרtΡDiHB@֤߬Ms zImage Ab
/usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot UD


oӥDNOo˪AY@ӥiHB@֤߬Ms zIm
ageAiiH⥦ΦbsϤWD

t~@Ӥ@w|nܳqk(oAtΫզ)boӨҤl|QרD


Aq boot/root ϤΪ̬OϺϤ}AMNiB@֤ߪΰϱWӡG




	 mkdir /mnt

	 mount -t ext2 /dev/hda3 /mnt









Kernel HOWTO Ķ



pG mkdir OܸӥؿwgsbAz|D

{bAcd iB@֤ߪaD`N:



     /mnt + /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot - /usr = /mnt/src/linux/arch/i386/boot



@i榡ƹLϤi ``A:'' Ϻо(TwOA boot/root Ϥ!)A

Mɶɭ˨Ϥ̥hAMtmAڥؿΰ:




	 cd /mnt/src/linux/arch/i386/boot

	 dd if=zImage of=/dev/fd0

	 rdev /dev/fd0 /dev/hda1



cd ڥؿ / åBUз /usr ΰ:




	 cd /

	 umount /mnt



A{bӥiHqoiϤ`}FDbo}ᤣnѰO lilo
(άO䥦Ag)!


pPegLA٦t~@ثܴMܳq覡D

pGpOA@ӥiHB@֤ߦbb / (Ҧp /vmlinuz)AA]iHϥΥD

wҦ󳣸WҤl@ˡAӧڪ֤߬MO
/vmlinuzAunWҤloǧ:

 /dev/hda3 令 /dev/hda1 (/ ΰ)A

 /mnt/src/linux 令 /mntAåB if=zImage 令 if=vmlinuzD

ܩe`NpɥX /mnt/src/linux/arch/i386/boot ӳiHD










Kernel HOWTO Ķ



N LILO ϥΦbjwФW(WL 1024 ϬW)i|DD

аѨ LILO mini-HOWTO Ψ䥦󪺻D

7.6  tΪ `warning: bdflush not running'


oiHO@Ӭ۷YDDq 1.0 H᪺֤߶}l(jOb 1994
~|GQ饪k)A

ӷ|gʦasɮרtνwİϪ{s `update' QɯũΨNFD

o `bdflush' l{X(AӥiHqAo֤ߪa)A

MsĶ(Ai|Ʊbª֤ߤUsĶΦw)D

|H `update' Ww˥ۤvåBb}HAs֤ӷ|B@}nD

7.7  tλ undefined symbols ӥBLksĶ

"


Ai঳@ ELF sĶ(gcc 2.6.3 ΥH᪺)ӥBO 1.2.x (Χ󦭪)֤߭lXD

@ץkONoX[ arch/i386/Makefile :




     AS=/usr/i486-linuxaout/bin/as

     LD=/usr/i486-linuxaout/bin/ld -m i386linux

     CC=gcc -b i486-linuxaout -D__KERNEL__ -I$(TOPDIR)/include




o|H a.out {wӽsĶ 1.2.x ֤ߡD

7.8  Lkڪ IDE/ATAPI CD-ROM `u@

"


ܩ_ǡA@jHLkL̪ ATAPI оu@AiO]ӦhƮeXD


AоOb@SO IDE ɭWߤ@]ơAQվ㬰 ``master''  ``sin
gle''D

oiO̱`~D









Kernel HOWTO Ķ



Creative Labs {bN IDE ɭḼĥd̡D

MӡAoNɭP@Ӧ쪺DAMǤHu@ IDE
ɭA\hHbDOWӤت IDE ɭ(q`b IRQ15)A

]@ѨMkONnQdɭզĤT IDE (HiDڬO IRQ11)D


ob 1.2.x  Linux ֤ߤW|DA]䴩ĤT IDE ɭ(q 1.3.x
tCw}l䴩A٦boiAӥB|۰ʰ)D

nѨMDAA@ǿܡD


pGAwgĤG IDE ApGASΥΨSⳡ]ƦbWܴN|D

N ATAPI
оqĥdWUӨéĤGӬɭWDMAiHĥdWɭAoNiH٤U@
IRQD


pGASĤG IDE ɭAվ㭵ĥdɭ(Oĥdĳ)ĤGɭΪ
IRQ15Aoӷ|ʡD


pG]YǲzѫDoϥ``ĤT''ɭiAάO䥦DA

o 1.3.x ֤(Ҧp 1.3.57 N)A\Ū drivers/block/README.ide ɮסD

̦hTD

7.9  t obsolete routing requests _ǰT

"


os route {Ψ䥦P route {D

/usr/include/linux/route.h (oO /usr/src/linux U@ɮ)wgFקD

7.10  Lkb 1.2.0 Wu@

"


ܤ֤ɯŨ 1.2.1 D

7.11  ``Not a compressed kernel Image file'' (DY֤߬M)

"


nΦb /usr/src/linux ͪ vmlinux AҰʮ֤߬M;









Kernel HOWTO Ķ



[..]/arch/i386/boot/zImage ~OTD

7.12  ɯŦ 1.3.x bx׺ݾWD

"


Nx]w /etc/termcap  dumb אּ linuxD

Ai|W[@ terminfoD

7.13  ֤ߤɯūGLksĶF

"


Linux ֤߭l{X]tF\htJ(NO .h ɮ)зǪ
/usr/include ҰѦҡD

̳q`γoؤkQѦ(䤤 xyzzy.h Ob /usr/include/linux U):



	 #include <linux/xyzzy.h>



`pUAb /usr/include U|@s linux sA֤߭lX
include/linux ؿ(@tΦb /usr/src/linux/include/linux)D

pGoӳsSFAΫ~aAjF賣NLksĶD

pGAıo֤߭lXFӦhŶӬ屼AoM|޵oDD

t@ӥi઺~Oɮv; pGA root w]䥦ϥΪ̬ݨLɮסA

ӥBAѶ}֤߭lXɨS[W p (Odɮ׼Ҧ)ﶵA䥦ϥΪ̤]|Lkϥ C
sĶD

MAiH chmod OӭץALekOsѶ}tJɡD

AiH@}lAѶ}ӭlXPˤkALh[F@ӰѼ:



	 blah# tar zxvpf linux.x.y.z.tar.gz linux/include



Ъ`N: pG /usr/src/linux sb ``make config'' |ؤD

7.14  W[W

"








Kernel HOWTO Ķ



U@ǽdҫOiDApW[֤ߴѪW:



     echo 4096 > /proc/sys/kernel/file-max

     echo 12288 > /proc/sys/kernel/inode-max

     echo 300 400 500 > /proc/sys/vm/freepages




8.  ɯŦ 2.0.x `Nƶ

"


֤ 2.0.x bwˤWޤJF\hܡD

bl{X̪ Documentation/Changes ɮץ]tFɯŦ 2.0.x
DTD

AiٻݭnɯŤ@䪺MAҦp gccAlibc P
SysVInitAçܤ@ǨtɮסDLA]OiD


9.  iJҲ

"


iJҲկ`ٰOAӥBܮe]wD

Ҳժdwg]tFɮרtΡAAӺdXʵ{AϱaALXʵ{A٦hD

9.1  w˼Ҳդu

"


ҲդuiHqAo֤ߪaAp modules-x.y.z.tar.gz;

ܻPAثe֤ߪ۵εyC̱ x.y.zD

 `tar zxvf modules-x.y.z.tar.gz' Ѷ}D

cd 쥦ͪؿ(modules-x.y.z)Aݤ@U READMEAMӦw˫ܰ
(q`²AN make install )D

MAb /sbin ӷ|oǵ{ insmod, rmmod, ksyms, lsmod, genksyms, mod
probe, H depmodD

pGAQܡAiH insmod ̪dXʵ{``hw''ӴճoǤu;








Kernel HOWTO Ķ



Ѩ INSTALL ɸ̪Ӹ`D


insmod ON@ӼҲմJB椤֤ߡDҲճq|H .o ;

W쪺dҵ{Ns drv_hello.oA]nJҲաAN `insmod
drv_hello.o'D

nFѥثe֤ߥbϥΪҲաA lsmod ODXݰ_ӹo:



	 blah# lsmod

	 Module:	#pages:  Used by:

	 drv_hello	    1



`drv_hello' OoҲժW١AΤF@ (4K)
OAӥBثeS䥦֤߼Ҳը̿󥦡D

nҲաA `rmmod drv_hello'D`N rmmod
ݭnOҲզW١AӤOɮצW;

NOAq lsmod OCXӪDlu㪺@ΦbuWUD

9.2  P֤ߵo檺Ҳ

"


b 2.0.30 AXGҦF賣iHܦiJҲաD

nϥΥiJҲաATwASNtm쥿`֤߸̡A]NOAb `make con
fig' ɤO^ yD

sĶs֤ߨåΥӶ}DMAA cd  /usr/src/linuxAM `make mod
ules'D

oNsĶҦAwb֤߰tm̪ҲաAñNs /usr/src/linux/modulesD

AiHѦؿϥΡAάO `make modules_install' Nw˨ /lib/mod
ules/x.y.zA䤤 x.y.z O֤ߪD


oBzɮרtΤWSOKQDAiäg`ϥ minix  MS-DOS ɮרtΡD

ҦpApGڹJ@ MS-DOS nФAڷ| insmod /usr/src/linux/mod
ules/msdos.oAæbϥΧ rmmod msdos ONhD

L{jiH`ٮ֤ 50K kOD minix
ɮרtΦ@In`NNOA








Kernel HOWTO Ķ



Fnϥ``ϺϤ''AA`ONtm֤ߤD


10.  䥦tmﶵ


`]AFbtm@`CX֤߰tmﶵ(b make config )D

j]Xʵ{åCXD

10.1  General setup (@]w)

"


Normal floppy disk support (@nФ䴩) - NOoӡD

Ai|Qݤ@U drivers/block/README.fd oɮ;  IBM Thinkpad
ϥΪ̨ӻSOnD


XT harddisk support (XT wФ䴩) - pGAQΦѥjK줸 XT ܡD


PCI bios support (PCI bios 䴩) - pGA PCIAAi|Q}ﶵD

npߡAYª PCI DObﶵUi|Dh PCI ׬yƦb Linux
UϥΪTiHb PCI-HOWTO ̧D


Kernel support for ELF binaries (֤ߤ䴩 ELF ) - ELF
O@طsGiɡD

Linux G¦VeiAҥHAi|noӡD


Set version information on all symbols for modules -

bLhA֤߼ҲջPCӷs֤ߤ@_QsĶD

pGA^ yAiAϥΤP patchlevel UsĶҲաD

Ѩ README.modules ԲӻD

10.2  Networking options (ﶵ)

"


ﶵb NET-3-HOWTO (άO NET--HOWTO)yzD












Kernel HOWTO Ķ



11.  ZMޥ

"

11.1   make άO patch OX

"


pGAQnOo `make' άO `patch' O쩳FǤA

AiHùXɨ@ɮץhDAnDAΪOO@ shellG

`grep root /etc/passwd' MMݰ_ӹ `/bin/csh' @FD


pGAϥΪO sh άO bashA



	 (command) 2>&1 | tee (output file)



N|@ (command) X `(output file)' oɮץhD


pGO csh  tcshA



	 (command) |& tee (output file)



oӻykD


pGO rc (`NGAӤ|O rc)AykO



	 (command) >[2=1] | tee (output file)



11.2  󦡪֤ߦw

"


FϥγnФA٦ƺئb®֤ߪpUշs֤ߪkD

䥦 Unix tΡALILO 㦳qaҰʮ֤ߪOD








Kernel HOWTO Ķ



(LpGAjwСAWL 500 MB AаѦ LILO
󻡩Niް_DD)

]ApGAb LILO tmɮפιo˪



	 image = /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot/zImage

	     label = new_kernel



AiHb®֤ /vmlinuz pUܰssĶ֤(MAb槹 lilo
)D

s LILO Ұʷs֤߳²檺kNObҰʮɫU shift (Abùuݨ LILO
)A

o|A@ܲŸDɧAiHJ `new_kernel' ӱҰʷs֤ߡD


pGAQbtΤPɫOƺؤP֤߭l{X(pߡAo|αjqwЪŶ)A

̴qkNONRW /usr/src/linux-x.y.zA䤤 x.y.z O֤ߪD

MAiHβŸs``''@lX; ҦpA `ln -sf linux-1.2.2
/usr/src/linux' | 1.2.2 ثe֤߾D

bإ߲ŸseATw ln
O̫@ӰѼƤO@ӯuؿ(ªŸsSY);

_hGiण|OAҹwD

11.3  ֤ߧs

"


Russell Nelson (nelson@crynwr.com) `Fs֤ߪܡD

oǬO²uAӥBAbɯūeiӥݤ@UDiHqΦW FTP  ftp.emlist.com
 pub/kchangesA


12.  䥦iΪ HOWTOs

"



     Sound-HOWTO: ĥdPu










Kernel HOWTO Ķ



     SCSI-HOWTO: Ҧ SCSI dP]ƪT

     NET-2-HOWTO: 

     PPP-HOWTO: SO PPP 

     PCMCIA-HOWTO: OqXʵ{

     ELF-HOWTO: O ELFApഫK

     Hardware-HOWTO: 䴩w骺n

     Module-HOWTO: hP֤߼Ҳզ

     Kerneld mini-HOWTO:  kerneld

     BogoMips mini-HOWTO: Ai|쪺



13.  

13.1  @

"


Linux Kernel-HOWTO @̤κ@HO Brian Ward (bri@blah.math.tu-graz.ac.at)D

бNסAɥRP󥿱H(󥿹ڨӻOSOn)D


AiHqo URL ڪ:











MھiahBzqllAаOڨCѳjqHAҥHin@Iɶ~|^ЧAD

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pGAn^~AnuO``ڳo˸զڷ|~T'';
ڻݭnDoӿ~TOD

ڥi]QDA֤ߡAgccAlibc








Kernel HOWTO Ķ



OApGAuOiDڧAΪOoөΨӮMASΡD

ڤNAݧ²檺D; аOApGAݡAANû|oѵD

ڭnP¨Cӵڦ^XH̡D


pGAgHڦb@qXzɶSo^(TPΧ[)Aiڤp߬屼FAHνѦp(p)D

ЦAդ@D


ڦ\hHOwDDoSDAФFѧڨäOx@ɤWҦw骺HӥBڤ]Dگh֦D

ڭӤHϥΪ IDE P SCSI wСASCSI оA3Com P WD
AӺdACƹA

PCI DOANCR 810 SCSI AAMD 386DX40 w/Cyrix UBzAAMD 5x86AAMD
486DX4 P Intel 486DX4 Bz

(ouOڦbϥΦӥBxwKnAäOĳApGAQnΡAwӸ߰ :-)
)D


0.1  1994 ~QTDiH SGML, PostScript, TeX, roff
P¤r榡oD

13.2  wwؼ

"


``ZMޥ'' @`Ӥ֤FDڧƱαqOHo쪺ĳXRD


``[M'' @`]OD


ٻݭnh/^_TD

13.3  ^m

"


]tF@p Linus  README ɮ (kernel hacking ﶵ)DP Linus!


uc@brian.lunetix.de (Ulrich Callmeier): patch -s and xargs.


quinlan@yggdrasil.com (Daniel Quinlan): corrections and

additions in many sections.








Kernel HOWTO Ķ



nat@nat@nataa.fr.eu.org (Nat Makarevitch): mrproper, tar -p, many

other things


boldt@math.ucsb.edu (Axel Boldt): collected descriptions of

kernel configuration options on the net; then provided me with the list


lembark@wrkhors.psyber.com (Steve Lembark): multiple boot

suggestion


kbriggs@earwax.pd.uwa.edu.au (Keith Briggs): some corrections and

suggestions


rmcguire@freenet.columbus.oh.us (Ryan McGuire): makeables

additions


dumas@excalibur.ibp.fr (Eric Dumas): French translation


simazaki@ab11.yamanashi.ac.jp (Yasutada Shimazaki): Japanese translation


jjamor@lml.ls.fi.upm.es (Juan Jose Amor Iglesias): Spanish translation


mva@sbbs.se (Martin Wahlen): Swedish translation


jzp1218@stud.u-szeged.hu (Zoltan Vamosi): Hungarian translation


bart@mat.uni.torun.pl (Bartosz Maruszewski): Polish translation


donahue@tiber.nist.gov (Michael J Donahue): typos, winner of the

``sliced bread competition''


rms@gnu.ai.mit.edu (Richard Stallman):

``free'' documentation concept/distribution notice


dak@Pool.Informatik.RWTH-Aachen.DE (David Kastrup): NFS thing








Kernel HOWTO Ķ



esr@snark.thyrsus.com (Eric Raymond): various tidbits

HHڰݰDH]ܤjUD

13.4  vnAiAѦp

"


Copyright  Brian Ward, 1994-1997.


Permission is granted to make and distribute copies of this manual provided

the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all

copies.

Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this

manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the derived

work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to

this one. Translations fall under the catagory of ``modified versions.''

Warranty: None.

Recommendations:

Commercial redistribution is allowed and encouraged; however, it is

strongly recommended that the redistributor contact the author before the

redistribution, in the interest of keeping things up-to-date (you could

send me a copy of the thing you're making while you're at it). Translators

are also advised to contact the author before translating. The printed

version looks nicer. Recycle.





















Kernel HOWTO Ķ





































































				   CONTENTS



1.  ² .................................................................... 1
    1.1  Хݦ! .......................................................... 1
    1.2  峹满 ....................................................... 2

2.  nDPѵ .......................................................... 2
    2.1  ޫˡA֤ߨ쩳O? .................................... 2
    2.2  ڬns֤?  ............................................... 2
    2.3  s֤ߤ䴩ǵw? ............................................ 2
    2.4  ڻݭnӪ gcc άO libc ? ................................... 2
    2.5  OiJҲ? .................................................. 3
    2.6  ڻݭnhjϺЪŶ? .............................................. 3
    2.7  oݭnh[ɶ? .................................................. 3

3.  pui֤ߪtm? ................................................. 3
    3.1  ol{X ..................................................... 3
    3.2  Ѷ}l{X] ............................................... 4
    3.3  tm֤ ........................................................... 4
    3.4  {bO? (The Makefile)  ........................................... 10

4.  sĶ֤ ............................................................... 10
    4.1  MPT{ ........................................................ 10
    4.2  sĶɴ .......................................................... 10
    4.3  LiH``make''F ............................................ 11
    4.4  wˮ֤ .......................................................... 11

5.  ׸ɮ֤ ............................................................... 13
    5.1  ϥέ׸ ........................................................ 13
    5.2  pG~o .................................................... 14
    5.3  屼 .orig ɮ ................................................... 15
    5.4  䥦׸ ...................................................... 15

6.  [M ............................................................. 16
    6.1  kbd ............................................................... 16
    6.2  util-linux ........................................................ 16
    6.3  hdparm ............................................................ 16
    6.4  gpm ............................................................... 17

7.  @ǳ ............................................................... 17
    7.1  make clean  ....................................................... 17
    7.2  jνwC֤ .................................................. 17
    7.3  ֤ߵLksĶ ...................................................... 18
    7.4  s֤ߦGҰ ............................................ 19
    7.5  AѤF LILOAΨtήڥҰ ............................... 19
    7.6  tΪ `warning: bdflush not running'  .......................... 21
    7.7  tλ undefined symbols ӥBLksĶ ............................. 21
    7.8  Lkڪ IDE/ATAPI CD-ROM `u@ .............................. 21
    7.9  t obsolete routing requests _ǰT ................. 22
    7.10 Lkb 1.2.0 Wu@ ...................................... 22
    7.11 ``Not a compressed kernel Image file'' (DY֤߬M) ......... 22
    7.12


				       i









	 ɯŦ 1.3.x bx׺ݾWD ............................. 23
    7.13 ֤ߤɯūGLksĶF ........................................ 23
    7.14 W[W .......................................................... 23

8.  ɯŦ 2.0.x `Nƶ ................................................ 24

9.  iJҲ ............................................................. 24
    9.1  w˼Ҳդu ...................................................... 24
    9.2  P֤ߵo檺Ҳ .................................................. 25

10. 䥦tmﶵ ........................................................... 26
    10.1 General setup (@]w) .......................................... 26
    10.2 Networking options (ﶵ) ..................................... 26

11. ZMޥ ............................................................. 27
    11.1  make άO patch OX ................................... 27
    11.2 󦡪֤ߦw .................................................. 27
    11.3 ֤ߧs .......................................................... 28

12. 䥦iΪ HOWTOs .............................................. 28

13.  ................................................................... 29
    13.1 @ .............................................................. 29
    13.2 wwؼ .......................................................... 30
    13.3 ^m ............................................................ 30
    13.4 vnAiAѦp ......................................... 32






























				       ii


