  __|__~~~~~~~~~~~	     LINUX HOWTO
    |  ~~~~~~~~~~~	HELLENIC (GREEK) LINUX HOWTO
  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

  ELLHNIKO LINUX HOWTO / HELLENIC LINUX HOWTO
  Georgatos Photis <gef@ceid.upatras.gr>
  Ekdosn 0.9p4 , 2-1-1997

  Auto to keimevo periexei plnrofories gia tnv ru8misn tou Linux gia
  upostnri3n twv idiaiterotntwv twv Ellnvwv kai tns ellnvikns glwssas. (
  Hellenic-HOWTO ) SHMEIWSH: Parallnla me auto to keimevo uparxei to
  Linux-Hellenic-FAQ pou periexei gevikes suvn8eis erwtnseis gia to
  Linux (ti eivai, pws 3ekivnse, ti parexei).  WARNING: This document
  contains greek (ISO-8859-7). This document resides on various formats
  (incl. greeklish) at this URL: http://students.ceid.upa-
  tras.gr/~gef/linux/docs/HOWTO/
  ______________________________________________________________________

  Table of Contents



















































  1. Eisagwgn

     1.1 Suvtnrnsn tou Hellenic-HOWTO
     1.2 Alles morfes tou Hellenic-HOWTO
     1.3 Tropopoinseis
     1.4 Spovdes
     1.5 Pveumatika dikaiwmata (copyright), adeia xrnsns.

  2. Ellnvikes Kwdikoselides (Pivakes xaraktnrwv, character sets)

     2.1 Kwdikoselida 737
     2.2 Kwdikoselida 928
     2.3 ISO 10646
     2.4 Alles ellnvikes kwdikoselides
     2.5 Metatropeis ellnvikwv
        2.5.1 gr2gr
        2.5.2 grfilter
        2.5.3 greek2lat
        2.5.4 trans120.tar.gz

  3. EGKATASTASH ELLHNIKWN

     3.1 Kovsola (text mode)
     3.2 Grafiko periballov (Xwindows)
     3.3 Ellnvikes grammatoseires
        3.3.1 X11greek
        3.3.2 greekXfonts-Type1-1.1
        3.3.3 hrgrXfonts-75dpi kai hrgrXfonts-100dpi
        3.3.4 elot7x14 kai elot7x14B
     3.4 Ektupwseis
        3.4.1 Tupwvovtas ellnviko plain text keimevo.
           3.4.1.1 Se text ektupwtn pou upostnrizei ellnvika.
           3.4.1.2 Se ektupwtn pou dev upostnrizei ellnvika.
        3.4.2 Tupwvovtas ellnviko PostScript keimevo.
           3.4.2.1 Tropopoiwvtas to Fontmap

  4. Efarmoges

     4.1 Kelufn (Shells) kai ovomata arxeiwv
        4.1.1 bash
        4.1.2 sh
     4.2 Epe3ergasia keimevou
        4.2.1 vi
        4.2.2 joe
        4.2.3 emacs 19+
     4.3 Mail/news
        4.3.1 pine
     4.4 Programmata gia epikoivwvies kai termatika
        4.4.1 telnet
        4.4.2 rlogin
        4.4.3 xterm
        4.4.4 rxvt
        4.4.5 minicom
     4.5 Netscape
     4.6 Or8ografia (ispell)
     4.7 Tex/LaTex
        4.7.1 To project BABEL
        4.7.2 Prospa8eies e3ellnvismou tou Tex/LaTex
        4.7.3 Avafores gia Tex/LaTex
     4.8 Diafora
        4.8.1 ls
        4.8.2 more
        4.8.3 less
        4.8.4 a2ps

  5. National Language Support
     5.1 Egkatastasn
        5.1.1 Egkatastasn Ellnvikwv Locale
        5.1.2 Egkatastasn Ellnvikwv mnvumatwv diaforwv efarmogwv
           5.1.2.1 Edw uparxouv duo ave3artnta paketa to gencat kai to gettext
           5.1.2.2 Egkatastasn tou tcsh
        5.1.3 Ru8miseis diaforwv efarmogwv
     5.2 Problnmata
        5.2.1 Problnmata me tnv C Library (libc)
        5.2.2 Problnmata me ta X
        5.2.3 Problnmata pou dnmiourgouvtai otav ola eivai swsta ;-)
     5.3 Epipleov plnrofories

  6. Wriaia Zwvn (timezone)

  7. Tekmnriwsn kai bibliografia

     7.1 Unix gia Arxarious
     7.2 Unix gia Proxwrnmevous
     7.3 Diaxeirisn Sustnmatos
     7.4 Asfaleia Sustnmatos sto Unix
     7.5 Unix kai Internet
     7.6 Eidika gia Linux
     7.7 Ellnvika biblia gia to UNIX
     7.8 On-line tekmnriwsn
     7.9 Periodika

  8. To Linux stnv Ellada

     8.1 Poia eivai n katastasn tou Linux stnv Ellada;
     8.2 Epikoivwvia me allous Ellnves
        8.2.1 Listes kai omades suzntnsewv (Newsgroups)
        8.2.2 IRC
        8.2.3 Fidonet
     8.3 Omades Ellnvwv Xrnstwv tou Linux
        8.3.1 HELUG
        8.3.2 PLUG
     8.4 Internet Sites
        8.4.1 Ellnvikoi komboi
        8.4.2 Komboi me diavomes tou Linux
        8.4.3 Komboi tns Allodapns :-)
     8.5 Diavomes kai CD
     8.6 Bibliopwleia kai diavomeis twv CD

  9. FAQ

     9.1 Ti prepei va kavw gia va egkatastnsw to Linux stov H/U mou;
     9.2 Pws 8a 3eperasw tis duskolies pou 8a suvavtnsw;
     9.3 Ti uparxei akoma sto Internet sxetika me ellnvika;
     9.4 Uparxouv alla eleu8era Unix;
     9.5 Ti kivntra exw gia va egkatastnsw to Linux;
     9.6 Ti HARDWARE upostnrizetai;
     9.7 Ti SOFTWARE upostnrizetai;
     9.8 Ti sumbatotnta exw me alla leitourgika kai alles efarmoges;
     9.9 Diaforoi tupoi arxeiwv
     9.10 Pws 3ekivnse to Linux;
     9.11 Ti eivai to compile tou purnva;
     9.12 Ti eivai auto to SIG11;
     9.13 Orologia

  10. TODO

     10.1 KDE
     10.2 csh/tcsh
     10.3 elm
     10.4 metamail
     10.5 nn
     10.6 tin
     10.7 nroff/groff
     10.8 samba
     10.9 vim,viH
     10.10 mtools
     10.11 grpty
     10.12 pcal
     10.13 kermit
     10.14 SHMEIWSEIS


  ______________________________________________________________________

  1.  Eisagwgn

  Auto to keimevo periexei plnrofories gia tnv ru8misn tou Linux gia
  upostnri3n tns ellnvikns glwssas.  Skopos DEN eivai n apavtnsn gevikwv
  problnmatwv, alla movov autwv pou sxetizovtai me tnv ellnvikn glwssa
  kai oi idiaiterotntes evos Ellnva xrnstn, sumperilambavomevwv:

  o  tns upostnri3ns ellnvikwv se console mode kai Xwindows,

  o  tns xrnsns ellnvikwv se efarmoges,

  o  tns or8ografias,

  o  tns epikoivwvias me allous Ellnves xrnstes.

  Oloi oi Eurwpaioi xrnstes opoioudnpote leitourgikou sustnmatos, exouv
  duo problnmata: To prwto eivai n emfavisn twv eidikwv xaraktnrwv
  (grammatwv) tns glwssas, kai to deutero eivai va evnmerwsouv tov
  upologistn gia tnv allagn tou plnktrologiou.  Malista ta pragmata
  eivai xeirotera, giati oi efarmoges dev perimevouv eidikous xaraktnres
  kai suxva apaitouv eidikes ru8miseis n metablntes periballovtos.

  Gia tnv emfavisn twv xaraktnrwv xreiazetai va 3erouv oi efarmoges oti
  xrnsimopoieitai to set 737 n to 928  (=ISO-8859-Latin-7). Auto mporei
  va mnv xreiazetai se oles tis periptwseis, alla se kapoies efarmoges
  8a eivai aparaitnto.  Gia to plnktrologio to mev loadkeys ru8mizei se
  periballov kovsolas, to de xmodmap xrnsimeuei sta Xwindows.
  Epipros8eta 8a xreiastouv kapoies grammatoseires wste va faivovtai kai
  va tupwvovtai swsta ta ellnvika.


  1.1.  Suvtnrnsn tou Hellenic-HOWTO

  H suvtnrnsn autou tou keimevou givetai apo tov Gewrgato Fwtn
  <gef@ceid.upatras.gr, http://students.ceid.upatras.gr/~gef> kai n
  teleutaia ekdosn 8a brisketai sto URL:
  http://students.ceid.upatras.gr/~gef/linux/docs/HOWTO/Hellenic-
  HOWTO.html Stov idio upokatalogo, 8a brisketai kai to HOWTO se alles
  morfes, px txt, Tex/LaTex, rtf, info klp., kai greeklish

  To keimevo auto 8a mporeite va to breite episns edw:

  o  ftp://argeas.argos.hol.gr/pub/unix/linux/GREEK/HOWTO

  o  http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/Hellenic-HOWTO


  1.2.  Alles morfes tou Hellenic-HOWTO


  To HOWTO auto uparxei stis e3ns morfes:


  o  Hellenic-HOWTO.html html me Ellnvika 928 (moiazouv me ta
     windows-1253)

  o  Hellenic-HOWTO_greeklish.html html, alla eivai greeklish kai eivai
     xrnsimo priv stn8ouv ta ellnvika

  o  Hellenic-HOWTO_greeklish.txt txt, greeklish Auto eivai episns
     greeklish, kai eivai eva arxeio 70Kb.

  o  Hellenic-HOWTO_greeklish.sgml sgml, Eivai o pngaios kwdikas tou
     HOWTO, pou se suvdiasmo me to Makefile kai ta sgml-tools paragei
     ola ta upoloipa.


  1.3.  Tropopoinseis

  Gia opoiodnpote metatropn/sxoliasmo tou HOWTO, parakalw epikoivwvnste
  mazi mou sto gef@ceid.upatras.gr me subject: LINUX-GR-HOWTO.  Eav
  breite la8n n avakribeies sto keimevo, dnlwste to.  Episns avalambavw
  tnv or8ografia, tovismo kai suvtaktiko elegxo gia ta keimeva, xwris
  auto va snmaivei oti 8a eivai ola pavta teleia :-)

  Istoriko allagwv:

  o  0.00 Avakoivwsn evar3ns tou keimevou stnv lista
     local.linux.greek.users

  o  0.01 Basikos skeletos tou HOWTO

  o  0.1 Pros8nkn keimevou ar8rwv, epikollnsn 3evwv tmnmatwv.

  o  0.2 Pros8nkes/Allages 2.4.3, 3.2.x, 6, 3.3.3

  o  0.3 Gevikes allages

  o  0.4 Pros8nkes/Allages/Epaln8eusn 3.x

  o  0.5 Allagn 2.5

  o  0.6 Pros8nkes me basn to NLS FAQ

  o  0.7 Orgavwsn se SGML kai avakoivwsn upar3ns stn lista.

  o  0.8 To "euxaristies" egive "spovdes" kai alla polla :-)

  o  0.9 Pros8nkn kefalaiou Netscape, Timezone, dior8wseis (pre-final
     version)

  { Ta tmnmata pou eivai mesa se agkistra, eivai proswriva, kai dev 8a
  uparxouv stnv ekdosn 1.0 }

  {Ta tmnmata pou exouv (???) xreiazovtai epaln8eusn n pros8nkes}


  1.4.  Spovdes

  Ta gvwsta credits :-)

  Gia tn suggrafn tou keimevou autou xrnsimeusav sav pnges ta:

  o  linux-danish-howto (Thomas Petersen),

  o  linux-italian-howto (Marco Gaio Gaiarin)

  Polutimn, episns, ntav n bon8eia twv:

  o  Tasos Kapios <fadom@ccf.auth.gr> ( Kefalaio gia National Language
     Support )

  o  Keramidas Giwrgos <keramida@ceid.upatras.gr> ( Kefalaio gia
     Tex/LaTex )

  o  Ko3aras Arns <koxaras@ceid.upatras.gr> ( Kefalaio gia Netscape )

  o  Pavagiwtns Bruwvns <vrypan@hol.gr,
     http://users.hol.gr/~vrypan/cactus > ( Kefalaio gia Grammatoseires,
     Ektupwseis )

     oi opoioi exouv kai ta avtistoixa dikaiwmata gia ta kefalaia tous,
     kai oi

  o  Swtnrns Tsimpovns <sotiris@gkremos.kat.forthnet>,

  o  Avtwvns Kabarvos <Antonios.Kavarnos@hpc.ntua.gr>,

  o  Papadnmntriou Spuros <spapadim@csd.uch.gr>.

  o  Giavvns Mntsos <gmitsos@duth.gr>.


  1.5.  Pveumatika dikaiwmata (copyright), adeia xrnsns.

  Oi aparaitntes dieukrivnseis...

  Ta pveumatika dikaiwmata autou tou HOWTO avnkouv stov Gewrgato Fwtn,
  alla epitrepetai n diavomn upo tous akolou8ous orous:

  Ektos kai av orizetai diaforetika, ta keimeva "Linux HOWTO" eivai
  katoxurwmeva apo tous avtistoixous suggrafeis tous. Ta "Linux HOWTO"
  mporouv va avaparagovtai kai diavemovtai e3' oloklnrou n merikws, me
  ka8e meso fusiko n nlektroviko, arkei autn paragrafos gia ta
  pveumatika dikaiwmata, va diatnreitai se ka8e avtigrafo. Emporikn
  epavadiavomn epitrepetai kai malista evdeikvutai.  Par' ola auta o
  suggrafeas 8a n8ele va eivai evnmerwmevos se tetoies periptwseis.

  Oles oi metafraseis, paragomeves ergasies, n suv8eseis pou
  perilambavouv opoiodnpote "Linux HOWTO" prepei va kaluptovtai apo
  autnv tnv adeia. Dnladn, dev epitrepetai n paragwgn ulikou prokuptov
  apo auto kai n epiboln se auto epipros8etwv periorismwv osov afora tnv
  diadosn tou. E3aireseis mporouv va givouv kata periptwsn. Gia
  perissoteres plnrofories epikoivwvnste me tov suvtovistn twv Linux
  HOWTO.

  Ev suvtomia, epi8umeitai n diadosn autwv twv plnroforiwv diamesou osov
  perissoterwv tropwv eivai efikto. Par' ola auta diatnrouvtai ta
  pveumatika dikaiwmata twv keimevwv "Linux HOWTO", kai eivai epi8umntn
  n evnmerwsn gia opoiodnpote sxedio diavomns autwv.

  Gia perissoteres plnrofories, epikoivwvnste me tov Greg Hankins,
  suvtovistn twv Linux HOWTO sto email: gregh@sunsite.unc.edu, n sto
  tnlefwvo +1 404 853 9989.

  Eidika, gia tnv ellnvikn ekdosn epikoivwvnste me tov Gewrgato Fwtn,
  sto: gef@ceid.upatras.gr

  Unless otherwise stated, Linux HOWTO documents are copyrighted by
  their respective authors. Linux HOWTO documents may be reproduced and
  distributed in whole or in part, in any medium physical or electronic,
  as long as this copyright notice is retained on all copies. Commercial
  redistribution is allowed and encouraged; however, the author would
  like to be notified of any such distributions.

  All translations, derivative works, or aggregate works incorporating
  any Linux HOWTO documents must be covered under this copyright notice.
  That is, you may not produce a derivative work from a HOWTO and impose
  additional restrictions on its distribution. Exceptions to these rules
  may be granted under certain conditions; please contact the Linux
  HOWTO coordinator at the address given below.

  In short, we wish to promote dissemination of this information through
  as many channels as possible. However, we do wish to retain copyright
  on the HOWTO documents, and would like to be notified of any plans to
  redistribute the HOWTOs.

  If you have questions, please contact Greg Hankins, the Linux HOWTO
  coordinator, at gregh@sunsite.unc.edu via email, or at +1 404 853
  9989.

  Hellenic (Greek) HOWTO is maintained by Photis Georgatos
  <gef@ceid.upatras.gr>


  2.1.  737 einai supported se merika apo ta fonts (fixed) poy einai sto

  ftp://dolphin.doc.ic.ac.uk/pub/greek/fonts/X11/greekXfonts-
  full-1.1.tgz Names (from xlsfonts): -misc-grfixed-medium-r-
  normal--0-0-75-75-c-0-grpc-737 -misc-grfixed-medium-r-
  normal--0-0-85-85-m-0-grpc-737 -misc-grfixed-medium-r-
  normal--14-110-75-75-c-75-grpc-737 -misc-grfixed-medium-r-
  normal--16-120-75-75-c-75-grpc-737 -misc-grfixed-medium-r-
  normal--23-179-85-85-m-120-grpc-737 -misc-grfixed-medium-r-
  semicondensed--0-0-75-75-c-0-grpc-737 -misc-grfixed-medium-r-
  semicondensed--10-100-75-75-c-60-grpc-737 -misc-grfixed-medium-r-
  semicondensed--13-120-75-75-c-60-grpc-737 -misc-grvga-medium-r-
  normal--0-0-75-75-c-0-grpc-737 -misc-grvga-medium-r-
  normal--13-120-75-75-c-60-grpc-737 (nomizw kapoia exoyn bugs kai exw
  skopo na ta diorthwsw se next release).

  2.2 (add paragraph) Apo windows-1253 leipoyn epishs: anw teleia,
  ellhnika omiwmatika (<< kai >>).

  Shmeiwseis: * ta Type1 (k.a.) fonts moy exoyn to A tonoymeno se 2
  theseis wste na einai symbata me windows texts. Epishs exoyn kai ta
  symbola poy leipoyn.  * to kbd support gia ellhnika sto rxvt (poy exw
  kanei contribute) exei yposthriksh gia anw teleia kai ellhnika
  omoiwmatika kathws epishs kai grammata me tono/dialytika. Ola ayta
  prepei na perasoyn se X11 xkb-style (ala grISOXKb).





  2.  Ellnvikes Kwdikoselides (Pivakes xaraktnrwv, character sets)

  O H/U gia va parastnsei ta glwssika sumbola xrnsimopoiei 1byte=8bit,
  dnladn exoume 2^8=256 diaforetika grammata.  O kwdikas ASCII (American
  Standard Code for Information Interchange) orizei austnra movo ta
  prwta 128 sumbola (7bit).  Ta alla misa sumbola xrnsimopoiouvtai gia
  apeikovisn eidikwv sumbolwv allwv glwsswv alla kai grafikwv sumbolwv.
  Avti8eta, me alles eurwpaikes glwsses ta ellnvika eivai e3' oloklnrou
  sta 8bit.  O profavns logos eivai ta polla diaforetika sumbola pou
  exei n ellnvikn glwssa se sxesn me tis upoloipes.

  Ta ellnvika uparxouv se polles diaforetikes tupopoinseis.  Oi pio
  suvn8ismeves apo autes, eivai ta 737 kai ta 928.  Amfotera eivai gia
  movotovika ellnvika.  Ta mev 737 xrnsimopoiouvtai apo to DOS, ta de
  928 apo ta Windows.  To Linux exei sav kuria kwdikoselida ta 928.  To
  oti exoume gia Ellnvika duo kai pleov kwdikoselides, fusika, eivai
  megalo problnma, pou 3epervietai me eidikous metatropeis, gia allagn
  apo to eva set sto allo.

  Pros8etes plnrofories gia ellnvikes kwdikoselides mporeite va breite
  sto RFC 1947: http://andrew2.andrew.cmu.edu/rfc/rfc1947.html


  2.1.  Kwdikoselida 737

  Ta 737 eivai episns gvwsta kai ws 437G (=437Greek), giati proekuyav
  apo tropopoinsn twv amerikavikwv 437.  Ta 737 prwtoemfavistnkav stis
  ellnvikes EPROM apo MDA kai Hercules kartes grafikwv twv prwtwv PC,
  opou briskovtav, dnladn, sto HARDWARE.  Xrnsimopoin8nkav kata korov
  sto DOS, kai gia auto ola ta arxeia pou proerxovtai apo DOS avamevetai
  va eivai 737.  Epeidn ta 737 8ewrouvtai pleov kataloipo tou DOS, eivai
  kalutera va metatreyete ta arxeia pou eivai 737 se 928. (bl. ``'').
  Sto Linux, n kwdikoselida 737 upostnrizetai movo stnv kovsola (text-
  mode).

  SHMEIWSH: Exouv avafer8ei periptwseis, opou to "d" (DELTA mikro) dev
  plnktrologeitai se kapoious purnves kai auto sumbaivei giati sumpiptei
  me to 128+ESC (128+27=155=asc("d")).  Pngaivete sto
  /usr/src/linux/drivers/char/console.c, kapou leei:

                && (c != 127 || disp_ctrl)
                && (c != 128+27);
  alla3te se
                && (c != 127 || disp_ctrl)
                /*      && (c != 128+27)*/;


  kai kavete compile tov purnva.


  2.2.  Kwdikoselida 928

  Ta 928 eivai pio sugxrovn tupopoinsn kai ka8ierw8nkav arxika apo tov
  ELOT.  Argotera egivav apodekta kai apo tov ISO ws ISO-Latin-8859-7, n
  apla Latin7.  Ta 928 xrnsimopoiouvtai se oles tis efarmoges twv
  Windows, kai apotelouv to snmerivo protupo kai gia to Linux.  H
  kwdikoselida 928 upostnrizetai, kai stnv kovsola (text-mode), kai se
  grafiko periballov (X-Windows).

  SHMEIWSH: H movn apoklisn twv Windows ellnvikwv (Windows-1253) apo tnv
  tupopoinsn ELOT 928 ( ISO 8859-7), eivai o xaraktnras "A", (A
  tovoumevo) tou ELOT 928 o opoios sta Windows avtistoixei sto Paragraph
  mark.  Epeidn moiraia 8a prepei va apodextoume tov periorismo auto pou
  mas 8etouv ta MS-Windows, kai epeidn arketoi xrnstes xrnsimopoiouv PC
  sav termatiko, kalo 8a eivai va apofeugetai to < A tovoumevo > kata
  tnv apostoln e-mails, postings, klp.  Evallaktika mporeite va
  xrnsimopoieite to 'A  ( ' = SHIFT+" ) Paromoia problnmata uparxouv kai
  me ta 'E kai 'O.  Gia elegxo, auta eivai ola ta tovoumeva: AEHIOYO.


  2.3.  ISO 10646

  Ta UNICODE (ISO 10646) eivai 16bit (=> 65536) kai perilambavouv polles
  glwsses, mazi me ta ellnvika, pou exouv  offset #370.  Upostnrizovtai
  apo ta vea mexri ta arxaia (polutovika) ellnvika kai Grammikn B!  To
  Linux upostnrizei UNICODE, alla akoma n xrnsn tous dev eivai
  diadedomevn.  Perissotera gia ta Unicode edw:
  http://www.unicode.org/Unicode.charts/glyphless/U0370.html




  2.4.  Alles ellnvikes kwdikoselides


  o  O Macintosh xrnsimopoiei ELOT-823 (IBM 851).

  o  To OS/2 xrnsimopoiei tnv kwdikoselida 869. (???)

  o  DEC, VAX/VMS ellnvika. (???)


  2.5.  Metatropeis ellnvikwv


  2.5.1.  gr2gr

  O Aggelos Xaritsns <ah@computer.org> exei grayei tov metatropea autov:
  ftp://ftp.hri.org/pub/greek/programs/gr2gr.prl Trexei me perl (5 n 4).
  Suvepws douleuei se opoio leitourgiko sustnma exei egkatasta8ei perl
  (unix, dos, win32, os2, mac, vms ...).

  Upostnrizei polla diaforetika ellnvika, opws:

  o  928:            ELOT 928

  o  437:            IBM 437 (*default* input)

  o  lat:            latin greek form, aka greeklish (*default* output)

  o  437b:           IBM 437b

  o  win:            Windows

  o  mac:            Macintosh

  o  851:            851

  o  869:            869

  o  quad:           quadtek

  o  sym:            standard Symbol font codes (English garbled)

  o  wgr:            WinGreek (Windows shareware prg) encoding

  o  troff:    troff symbol font escape sequences, no diacritics
     (dialytika)

  o  kdtex:          Dryllerakis TeX (only conversions _to_ kdtex work)

  o  ibytex:         ibygrk TeX (only conversions _to_ ibygrk work)


  2.5.2.  grfilter

  Sto Ivstitouto Texvologias Upologistwv uparxei to grfilter:
  ftp://ftp.cti.gr/pub/src/grfilter.tar


  2.5.3.  greek2lat

  Sto directory ftp://corfu.forthnet.gr/pub/greek2lat uparxei evas
  metatropeas apo 928 se greeklish, katallnlos kai gia WEB sites.




  2.5.4.  trans120.tar.gz

  O Kwstas Kwstns, < kosta@kostis.net > exei grayei episns autov tov
  metatropea, pou upostnrizei kai polla ellnvika, alla kai alles
  glwsses: http://www.kostis.net/freeware/trans120.tar.gz


  3.  EGKATASTASH ELLHNIKWN


  3.1.  Kovsola (text mode)

  Stnv kovsola mporeite va xrnsimopoinsete to greek-console tou Giwrgou
  Keramida. Upostnrizei kai 737 kai 928, evw exei kai eukoln
  egkatastasn. Ta ellnvika faivovtai me "chcp 737" kai "chcp 928" kai
  (ap)evergopoiouvtai me (aristera) ALT-SHIFT. Episns to de3i ALT
  allazei stigmiaia to plnktrologio.  Gia perissoteres plnrofories, n
  selida tou eivai stn dieu8uvsn:
  http://students.ceid.upatras.gr/~keramida/linux/greek

  O Ale3ios Koukoulas exei grayei episns to greek12.tgz.


  3.2.  Grafiko periballov (Xwindows)

  H prwtn dnmosia ekdosn tou grISOXKb eivai pleov gegovos kai eivai
  proiov suvergasias twv Dnmntrn Mpoura kai Leftern Tsivtzeln.  To
  paketo grISOXKb eivai upersuvolo twv palaioterwv GRKbd kai grXiso.  To
  programma auto eivai oti kalutero uparxei mexri twra gia upostnri3n
  ellnvikwv katw apo Xwindows, kai exei dokimastei akoma kai se CDE.  H
  kaivourgia autn version exei polla "kaloudia". Ta duo pio snmavtika
  eivai:

  o  oti dev xreiazetai shared object binaries gia to X11R6.1 (XFree86
     v3.2) kai X11R6.3 (XFree86 v3.3 kai v3.3.1), kai

  o  oti douleuei kai me X11 clients pou upostnrizouv glwsses ektos twv
     Agglikwv mesw tou compose tou input extension.

     Perissotera sto README tou paketou, kai sta arxeia
     docs/INSTALLATION.*:
     ftp://argeas.argos.hol.gr/pub/unix/linux/GREEK/grISOXKb-1.1.tar.gz

  HOWTOs:

  o  Greek-HOWTO in HRI http://www.hri.org/fonts/unix/x-ell.html

  o  GreekOnX.HOWTO apo tov Lampro Rorrn <rorris@civil.auth.gr>:
     ftp://argeas.argos.hol.gr/pub/unix/linux/GREEK/GreekOnX.HOWTO

  o  GreekOnX.GRKbd.HOWTO apo tov Dnmntrn Mpoura <dbouras@hol.gr>:
     ftp://argeas.argos.hol.gr/pub/unix/linux/GREEK/GreekOnX.GRKbd.HOWTO














  {
  3.2 grISOXKb
  Comments (oxi gia to HOWTO):
  Ta tonoymena (; + letter) de moy bgainoyn se shells (ok se xedit).
  Den exw akomh brei giati.
  To package einai ontws poly kalh prospatheia. Einai akoma ateles.
  Leipoyn: tonoymena+dialytika, anw teleia, ellhnika omoiwmatika
  (BTW, ola yposthrizontai sto rxvt compiled me greek support).
  Epishs: ypothetei oti to keyboard einai ellhniko. Yparxoyn polla kbds
  (opws ta UK, IT klp) poy exoyn polla symbols se theseis diaforetikes
  apo to ellhniko (eg. @ " \ klp). Exw hdh kanei patch sto grISOXKb
  gia to UK keyboard kai kalo einai na mporei kaneis me COUNTRY-X
  keyboard na mporei na kanei type ellhnika xwris na allazoyn oi theseis
  allwn symbols.

  Mazi me fix twn parapanw to XKB X11 greek support tha einai sxedon
  teleio.
  Ksereis an kai poy exei documentation gia XKB kai compose files.
  Kapoios prepe na to teleiwsei. Doyleyei kaneis twra se ayto ?
  }




  3.3.  Ellnvikes grammatoseires

  8a breite arketes gia Xwindows (928):

  o  Greek Fonts (ISO8859-7) in PCF Format by Panagiotis J. Christias
     (christia@softlab.ntua.gr)
     ftp://argeas.argos.hol.gr/pub/unix/linux/GREEK/X11-Greek-
     Fonts.readme

  o  by Moraitakis Konstantinos (mork@venus.cs.teiher.gr)
     ftp://argeas.argos.hol.gr/pub/unix/linux/GREEK/README.X11greek

  o  Fonts (ellhnika) katallhla gia xterm se 1024x768:
     http://www.softlab.ntua.gr/~akav/greek_fonts

  o  NTUA: ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/fonts/X11/

  o  Haritsis: ftp://dolphin.doc.ic.ac.uk/pub/greek/fonts/X11/ (periexei
     kai Type1 grammatoseires)

     ( Grammatoseires gia ghostscript, postscript, xwindows, metatropeis
     ??? )

  Gia grammatoseires gia Tex, blepe ``''


  3.3.1.  X11greek


  o  Paketo:X11greek

  o  Dieu8uvsn: ftp://argeas.argos.hol.gr/pub/unix/linux/GREEK/

  o  Timn: xwris xrewsn (diabaste to Copyright sto README)

  o  Format:PCF

  o  Oikogeveies:Helvetica, Courier kai fixed

  o  Mege8n: 8,10,12,14,17,18,24,36,48 kai 64 pixels


  o  Oyeis: arial, bold, italic, bold italic

  o  Perigrafn: To paketo auto periexei treis oikogeveies ellnvikwv (iso
     8859-7)  grammatoseirwv pou emfavizovtai me kataskeuastn "greek".
     Av kai eivai grammatoseires sta8erou platous, prosferovtai se polla
     mege8n kai eivai xrnsimes kai se efarmoges opws WWW browsers. H
     fixedgr eivai xrnsnmn gia va avtikatastnsei tnv tupikn fixed
     grammatoseira twv X Windows se efarmoges pou 8elete ellnvika.

  o  Tips: Gia va tis xrnsimopoinsete mesa apo to Netscape, sto
     Preferences->Fonts epile3te gia to Greek(iso-8859-7) encoding:
     Helvetica(Greek), Size=0, Allow Scaling=No


  3.3.2.  greekXfonts-Type1-1.1


  o  Paketo:greekXfonts-Type1-1.1

  o  Dieu8uvsn: ftp://dolphin.doc.ic.ac.uk/pub/greek/fonts/X11/

  o  Timn: xwris xrewsn

  o  Format:Postscript Type 1

  o  Oikogeveies:Arial, Courier kai Times

  o  Mege8n: Ola (scaled fonts)

  o  Oyeis: plain, bold, italic, bold italic

  o  Perigrafn: To paketo auto periexei treis oikogeveies ellnvikwv (iso
     8859-7)  grammatoseirwv pou emfavizovtai me kataskeuastn "grinet".
     Prokeitai gia gramatoseires metablntou platous (uparxouv kai .AFM
     files) xrnsimes kai se efarmoges opws WWW browsers kai to
     Ghostscript (bl.  Hellenic-Howto sto "Ektupwseis").  Perilambavetai
     akomn kai mia grammatoseira pou to README tou paketou xaraktnrizei
     ws polutovikn.

  o  Sxolia: Oi grammatoseires autes eivai polu kales alla gia kapoio
     logo dev emfavizouv tnv paula "-". Prosoxn loipov giati mporei va
     uparxouv paules sto keimevo pou diabazete alla va mnv
     emfavizovtai!!!

  o  Tips: Gia va tis xrnsimopoinsete mesa apo to Netscape, sto
     Preferences->Fonts epile3te gia to Greek(iso-8859-7) encoding:
     Arial(Grinet), Size=0, Allow Scaling=Yes


  3.3.2
  Den iksera oti den bgainei h payla! An typwseis to PS bgainei
  kanonika. Ara mallon einai bug toy X Type1 rasteriser.
  BTW, exw kanei ki ena aplo filtro (grpsfilter) poy epitrepei printing
  greek texts mesa apo Netscape. Des parakatw!
  H lysh poy allazei ola ta ksena fonts se ellhnika den einai swsth.




  3.3.3.  hrgrXfonts-75dpi kai hrgrXfonts-100dpi


  o  Paketo:hrgrXfonts-75dpi kai hrgrXfonts-100dpi

  o  Dieu8uvsn: ftp://ftp.hri.org/pub/greek/fonts/x-win/

  o  Timn: xwris xrewsn

  o  Format:BDF

  o  Oikogeveies:Grtex kai Grtt

  o  Mege8n: 8,10,12,14,16,18,24,30,36 kai 48 pixels

  o  Oyeis: arial, bold, italic, bold italic

  o  Perigrafn: Ta paketa periexouv duo oikogeveies ellnvikwv (iso
     8859-7)  grammatoseirwv (se 75dpi kai 100dpi avtistoixa) pou
     emfavizovtai me kataskeuastn "hrnet". Av kai eivai grammatoseires
     sta8erou platous, prosferovtai se polla mege8n.

  o  Tips: Gia va tis xrnsimopoinsete mesa apo to Netscape, sto
     Preferences->Fonts epile3te gia to Greek(iso-8859-7) encoding:
     Grtex(Grinet), Size=0, Allow Scaling=No


  3.3.3
  Aytes einai kai mesa sto set: greekXfonts-full-1.1.tgz  poy tha
  synexisei na ekdidetai kai mallon tha perasei kai sta official X.
  Shmeiwteon oti ta grtex/grtt fonts ta ftiaksame mazi me to Thanassi
  Prwtopapa poy doyleye gia to HRI.

  To greekXfonts-full-1.1.tgz egine me skopo:
  * na mazepsei ta pio kala greek fonts poy yphrxan sto diktyo
    Exei ta grtex/grtt kai polla alla: grfixed, couriergr, helveticagr.
    Akoma fonts kai se 737 encodings.
  * na xrhsimopoihsei "swsta" (XLFD) kai omoiogenh font names
  * na prosferei Type1 scalable fonts ypshlhs poiothtas (ta opoia
  prosferontai
    kai xwrista) - grinet
  * na doyleyei trasnsparently me Netscape




  3.3.4.  elot7x14 kai elot7x14B


  o  Paketo:elot7x14 kai elot7x14B

  o  Dieu8uvsn: http://www.softlab.ntua.gr/~akav/greek_fonts

  o  Timn: xwris xrewsn

  o  Format:PCF

  o  Oikogeveies:fixed

  o  Mege8n: 14 pixels

  o  Oyeis: medium, bold

  o  Perigrafn: To paketo auto periexei duo ellnvikes (iso 8859-7)
     grammatoseires pou emfavizovtai me kataskeuastn "misc". Eivai
     grammatoseires sta8erou platous, kales gia ta X-Windows.


  3.4.  Ektupwseis

  Se auto to kefalaio 8a perigrayoume pws va ru8misete to sustnma sas
  wste va mporeite va ektupwsete ellnvika. Av dev eiste e3oikiwmevoi me
  ta basika sxetika me ta lpd kai lpr kalo 8a ntav va sumbouleuteite to
  Printing-HOWTO pou divei polutimes plnrofories.

  3.4.1.  Tupwvovtas ellnviko plain text keimevo.

  3.4.1.1.  Se text ektupwtn pou upostnrizei ellnvika.

  Eav o ektupwtns sas mporei va tupwsei plain text kai upostnrizei
  ellnvika, dev xreiazetai va kavete sxedov tipota. Apla steilte to
  keimevo gia ektupwsn me tnv evtoln lpr. Pose3te movo to 8ema tns
  kwdikoselidas (bl. ``''). Eav o ektupwtns sas upostnrizei diaforetikn
  kwdikoselida apo autn pou eivai grammevo to keimevo, 8a prepei va to
  metetreyete (bl. ``'').

  3.4.1.2.  Se ektupwtn pou dev upostnrizei ellnvika.

  Av o ektupwtns sas dev upostnrizei ellnvika, 8a prepei va metatreyete
  to plain text keimevo se PostScript mesw tou a2ps (bl. ``'') kai va to
  tupwsete mesw tou Ghostscript.

  3.4.2.  Tupwvovtas ellnviko PostScript keimevo.

  Akomn kai eav dev dia8etete ektupwtn pou va upostnrizei PostScript, to
  Linux sas epitrepei va tupwvete tetoia keimeva mesw tou Ghostscript.
  To ghostcript eivai eva programma pou metatrepei PostScript arxeia se
  morfn pou mporouv va katalabouv alles suskeues (ektupwtes diaforwv
  eidwv, X Windows, fax k.l.). Apo auto to snmeio kai pera, "ektupwsn
  mesa apo to ghostscript" 8a snmaivei metatropn evos PostScript arxeiou
  sto format tou ektupwtn sas kai meta ektupwsn me kapoia evtoln tns
  morfns lpr file.

  Ti 8a xreiasteite gia va tupwsete ellnvika apo to ghostview:

  o  Promn8euteite to ghostview (eivai tzampa) kai va to egkatastnsete.

  o  Na exete egkatestnmeves ellnvikes PostScript grammatoseires, kapou
     sto sustnma sas. Me auto evvow oti oi grammatoseires autes mporouv
     va briskovtai se opoiodnpote directory (p.x. kapou sto X11R6 tree,
     gia xrnsn mesa apo ta X Windows).

  o  Na tropopoinsete to arxeio Fontmap.

  o  {px. gs -sDEVICE=deskjet -dNOPAUSE -sOutpoutFile=/dev/lp1
     netscape.ps}


  3.4.2.1.  Tropopoiwvtas to Fontmap

  To Fontmap eivai to arxeio pou divei sto ghostscript pou 8a brei to
  arxeio ka8e grammatoseiras. Sto sustnma mou brisketai sto

  /usr/share/ghostscript/3.33/Fontmap



  find / -name "Fontmap"




  To Fontmap apoteleitai apo eggrafes tns morfns

  /Charter-Roman                  (bchr.pfa)      ;


  H grammn autn gia paradeigma deixvei oti n grammatoseira Courier-Roman
  brisketai sto arxeio bchr.pfa.
  To movo pou xreiazetai va kavoume eivai va pros8esoume tis ellnvikes
  grammatoseires. Ta ovomata pou 8a dwsete stis grammatoseires sas
  mporouv va eivai opoiadnpote (p.x. PanosArialBold) alla kalo eivai va
  exouv mia logikn (p.x. to PanosArialBold va mnv avtistoixei se mia
  courier italic grammatoseira !!!). Av oi grammatoseires suvodeuovtai
  apo kapoio arxeio pou va tis perigrafei (p.x. fonts.scale) kalo 8a
  ntav va xrnsimopoinsete ovomata pou va eivai avtistoixa me auta pou
  divovtai ekei. Mporeite akomn va dwsete

  strings filename.pfb | more



  /FontName /GreekArialBold def


  Prosoxn! Ta ovomata twv arxeiwv otav dev perilambavouv to directory
  8ewrouvtai pws briskovtai sto directory pou to ghostscript fulaei
  paromoia arxeia. Av oi grammatoseires sas briskovtai kapou allou va
  balete oloklnro to ovoma. Gia paradeigma,

  /GreekArialPlain (/usr/X11/lib/X11/fonts/Type1GR/grkarip.pfb) ;




  Av stelvete arxeia pros ektupwsn apo diafores efarmoges (p.x.
  Netscape) eivai polu pi8avo autes va xrnsimopoiouv kapoies default
  grammatoseires. Gia paradeigma, to Netscape 8a steilei opoiodnpote
  arxeio, ave3artnta apo tnv glwssa pou eivai grammevo, va tupw8ei me
  tis grammatoseires Times kai Courier. Auto 8a exei sav apotelesma va
  tupwvovtai ta ellnvika keimeva se akatavontn morfn (gia va to poume
  eugevika). H lusn eivai va pros8esete sto telos tou Fontmap eggrafes
  pou 8a avtika8istouv tis grammatoseires autes me tis ellnvikes. Gia
  paradeigma oi teleutaies grammes tou dikou mou Fontmap eivai:

  /Times-Roman                    /GreekTimesPlain ;
  /Times-Italic                   /GreekTimesItalic ;
  /Times-Bold                     /GreekTimesBold ;
  /Times-BoldItalic               /GreekBoldItalic ;
  /Courier                        /GreekCourierPlain      ;
  /Courier-Italic                 /GreekCourierItalic ;
  /Courier-Bold                   /GreekCourierBold ;
  /Courier-BoldItalic             /GreekCourierBoldItalic ;






















  ===================cut==here=======================================
  3.4.2
  Ta Fontmap aliases poy proteinw (kanei use ta Type1 fonts moy):
  Pros to telos toy Fontmap:

  ===================cut==here=======================================
  % ------------------------------------------------------
  % Elot greek fonts by Angelo Haritsis <ah@computer.org>
  % ------------------------------------------------------
  /GreekArialPlain                (grkarip.pfb)   ;
  /GreekArialBold                 (grkarib.pfb)   ;
  /GreekArialItalic               (grkarii.pfb)   ;
  /GreekArialBoldItalic           (grkaribi.pfb)  ;
  /Greek-Arial-Plain              /GreekArialPlain ;
  /Greek-Arial-Bold               /GreekArialBold ;
  /Greek-Arial-Italic             /GreekArialItalic ;
  /Greek-Arial-Bold-Italic        /GreekArialBoldItalic ;
  /Greek-Arial-BoldItalic         /GreekArialBoldItalic ;

  /GreekTimesPlain                (grktimp.pfb)   ;
  /GreekTimesBold                 (grktimb.pfb)   ;
  /GreekTimesItalic               (grktimi.pfb)   ;
  /GreekTimesBoldItalic           (grktimbi.pfb)  ;
  /Greek-Times-Plain              /GreekTimesPlain ;
  /Greek-Times-Roman              /GreekTimesPlain ;
  /Greek-Times-Bold               /GreekTimesBold ;
  /Greek-Times-Italic             /GreekTimesItalic ;
  /Greek-Times-Bold-Italic        /GreekTimesBoldItalic ;
  /Greek-Times-BoldItalic         /GreekTimesBoldItalic ;

  /GreekCourierPlain              (grkcurp.pfb)   ;
  /GreekCourierBold               (grkcurb.pfb)   ;
  /GreekCourierItalic             (grkcuri.pfb)   ;
  /GreekCourierBoldItalic         (grkcurbi.pfb)  ;
  /GreekCourier                   /GreekCourierPlain ;
  /Greek-Courier                  /GreekCourierPlain ;
  /Greek-Courier-Plain            /GreekCourierPlain ;
  /Greek-Courier-Bold             /GreekCourierBold ;
  /Greek-Courier-Italic           /GreekCourierItalic ;
  /Greek-Courier-Bold-Italic      /GreekCourierBoldItalic ;
  /Greek-Courier-BoldItalic       /GreekCourierBoldItalic ;

  % Polytoniko Greek fonts
  /GreekPolyTimesPlain            (grkpolp.pfb)   ;
  /GreekPolyTimesItalic           (grkpoli.pfb)   ;
  /Greek-Poly-Times-Plain         /GreekPolyTimesPlain ;
  /Greek-Poly-Times-Italic        /GreekPolyTimesItalic ;
  ===================cut==here=======================================

  Na kai to aplo filtro grpsfilter:
  -----------------------------grpsfilter-----------------------
  #!/bin/sh
  # Filter to print greek from Netscape (may be used in printcap)
  # (c) 1997 Angelo Haritsis <ah@computer.org>
  # NB: You need my postscript greek fonts and proper Fontmap!
  #
  exec sed -e 's/\/Times\(.* findfont\)/\/Greek-Times\1/g' \
      -e 's/\Courier\(.* findfont\)/\Greek-Courier\1/g' \
      -e 's/\/Times-Oblique\(.* findfont\)/Greek-Times-Italic\1/g' \
      -e 's/\/Times-BoldOblique\(.* findfont\)/Greek-Times-BoldItalic\1/g'
  -----------------------------grpsfilter-----------------------

  An ftiakseis enan printer `grps' sto printcap poy pernaei ola ta
  Postscript mesa apo ti grpsfilter, tote exeis ellhnikh ektypwsh
  xwris na "xalaseis" to FontMap.

  Profanws to filter doyleyei kai sto cmd line. Apo Netscape print to
  a file: test.ps kai meta:
    grpsfilter <test.ps | ghostview -








  4.  Efarmoges

  Gevika, oi efarmoges prepei va metaglwttizovtai sav "8-bin-clean",
  giati ta ellnvika xrnsimopoiouv kai ta 8 bits, upoxrewtika.  Stnv
  pra3n mporei kai auto akoma va mnv arkei.  Kalov 8a eivai va oristei n
  metablntn periballovtos LC_CTYPE se iso_8859_7.  Autn n ru8misn prepei
  va mpei kai sto /etc/profile kai sto /etc/csh.cshrc.  Episns to
   /.Xdefaults n  /.Xresources 8a prepei va eivai:

         *basicLocale:   C
         *timeFormat:    C
         *numeric:       C
         *displayLang:   iso_8859_7
         *inputLang:     iso_8859_7




  4.1.  Kelufn (Shells) kai ovomata arxeiwv

  Gia tnv upostnri3n 928 ellnvikwv sto prompt, alla kai sta arxeia (bl.
  ``'') kavte ta e3ns:


  4.1.1.  bash

  Gia bash v.1.13+, grayte to parakatw sto /etc/inputrc n sto  /.inputrc

            set meta-flag on
            set convert-meta off
            set output-meta on




  4.1.2.  sh

  Oti kai me to ``''


  4.2.  Epe3ergasia keimevou


  4.2.1.  vi

  O vi 8a prepei va douleyei me ta ellnvika, xwris tropopoinsn.
  Upostnrizei kai 737 kai 928.








  4.2.1
  (kserw to anafereis parakatw - alla ayth einai kalyterh thesh wste
  na apofeyxthei h epanalhpsh - use any of the following comments):
  Shmeiwteon oti o vim meta thne ekdosh 4.x exei yposthriksh toy
  langmap flag (prepei na ginei compile me ayto to flag - standard builds
  den
  to exoyn synithws). To feature ayto, contributed apo ton
  Angelo Haritsis <ah@computer.org>, einai meros toy standard vim
  distribution kai oxi aplws ena palio patch.
  Apo to documentation toy vim (:help langmap):
   langmap(lma):
       This option allows support for keyboards that have a mode for a
       special language.  The idea is that when you are typing text in
  Insert mode your keyboard is switched in the special language mode, you
  get different key codes for the special characters.  When in command
  mode the 'langmap' option takes care of translating these special
  characters to the original meaning of the key.  This means you don't
  have to change the keyboard mode to be able to execute normal mode commands.
  Exei kai to katallhlo setting gia ellhnika sto documentation.
  Nomizw oti einai xrhsimo gia vi users...

  ++ Isws ena linux .rpm (properly built) tha htan xrhsimo.




  4.2.2.  joe

  O joe upostnrizei ellnvika eav evergopoinsoume 8bit support, eite
  trexovtas joe -asis, eite bazovtas tnv parametro -asis sto
  usr/(local/)/lib/joerc.


  4.2.3.  emacs 19+

  O Emacs exei diko tou tropo va diaxeirizetai to plnktrologio.  Gi'
  auto kai dev douleuei opoiadnpote ellnvikn upostnri3n ftiaxtei gia tnv
  kovsola kai mesa stov Emacs.

  H lusn eivai to paketo greek-mode.el, pou exei ftia3ei o Saravtos
  Kapidakns <sarantos@csd.uch.edu>.  Gia perissoteres plnrofories, to
  idio to paketo mas parapempei stnv dieu8uvsn:
  http://www.ics.forth.gr/~sarantos/EMACS+GREEK opou uparxouv odngies
  egkatastasns.  To idio to paketo mporei kaveis va to brei eukola kai
  stis selides tou Hellenic Resources Institute (HRI) sto tmnma pou
  avaferetai se Ellnvika katw apo UNIX.




















  {
       emacs :
          In version 19.26 or later of GNU emacs you can simply  set the
          environment variable LC_CTYPE to iso_8859_7 like you do for tcsh
          and elm. If you use an older version put the following in your
          /usr/lib/emacs/site-lisp/default.el file:

            (standard-display-european t)

            (set-input-mode (car (current-input-mode))
                    (nth 1 (current-input-mode))
                    0)

       Dead key functionality should work under GNU emacs provided you use
       GNU emacs v19.30 or higher and XFree86 v3.1.2 or higher, so don't
       start researching available elisp packages implementing "electric
       keys" or anything like that. If you want to implement European
       keyboard conventions in emacs without upgrading the best choice is
       probably the remap package available from the AUC FTP server (see
       section ``References and FTP sites''.)
  }




  4.3.  Mail/news



  4.3.1.  pine

  To pine to movo pou xreiazetai eivai va oristouv sav "alternative
  editor" o joe n o viH.  Blepe sxetika ``'' . Upostnrizei bebaia movo
  928.


  4.4.  Programmata gia epikoivwvies kai termatika


  4.4.1.  telnet

  To telnet 8a prepei va douleuei xwris problnma.  Eav oxi, balte autn
  tnv grammn sto arxeio  /.telnetrc:

            set binary true




  4.4.2.  rlogin

  Eav exete problnmata me to rlogin, dokimaste: "rlogin -8" n "rlogin
  -L".


  4.4.3.  xterm

  Tre3te to e3ns: (n opoiadnpote ellnvikn grammatoseira)

  xterm -f sc-elot16






  4.4.4.  rxvt

  To rxvt gia va mporesei va grayei kai va dei3ei swsta ta ellnvika
  xreiazetai duo pragmata

  1. Ellnvikes Grammatoseires sta X11 (bl. ``'' (???) )

  2. Kapoies parametrous stn grammn evtolwv, gia va gurisei se 8-bit
     mode kai va mnv agvoei to bit pou 3exwrizei ta ellnvika apo ta
     agglika.  Oi magikes parametroi pou kavouv to rxvt sas ellnvikotato
     eivai:


       bash% rxvt -8 -meta 8thbit -font GREEKFONT ...




  kai mporeite safws va tis xrnsimopoinsete mazi me o,ti parametrous
  xrnsimopoieitai kavovika sto rxvt sas.


  {
  4.6
  To rxvt (xterm clone that uses less memory and runs slightly faster)
  exei
  standard support gia full ellhniko keyboard (928 kai 437) poy exw balei
  edw kai poly kairo.  Download the latest source kai compile me
  #define GREEK_SUPPORT
  sto feature.h

  To rxvt yposthrizei ellhnika se efarmoges poy doyleyoyn mesa sto
  rxvt terminal. Yposthrizei full set ellhnikwn (including:
  tono-dialytika,
  anw teleia, ellhnika omoiwmatika).
  Epitrepei kaneis na kanei type taytoxrona se 928 kai 437 se 2 katallhla
  diaforetika rxvt windows.
  Read file README.greek gia leptomereies.

  H swsth lysh gia X11 bebaia einai ena complete XKB package poy tha
  yposthrizei to plhres set ellhnikwn. Mexri tote to rxvt einai akoma
  xrhsimo (epishs gia 737 taytoxrona me 928 keyboard).

  ++ Isws ena linux .rpm (properly built) tha htan xrhsimo.
  }




  4.4.5.  minicom

  To minicom eivai eva programma epikoivwviwv gia modem, pou 8umizei
  evtova Telix.  H ellnvikn ekdosn upostnrizei 737, xrnsimo gia va
  mpaivei kaveis se BBS pou douleuouv katw apo DOS (sxedov oles oi
  ellnvikes eivai tetoies):
  ftp://argeas.argos.hol.gr/pub/unix/linux/GREEK/minicom-1.75-elf.tar.gz
  Perissoteres plnrofories: <roryt@hol.gr>


  {
  4.7.1
  Fantazomai minicom mesa se rxvt me 737 font kai encoding tha doylepsei
  kanonika xwris tropopoihsh tou idioy toy programmatos (arkei na einai
  8-bit clean).
  }

  4.5.  Netscape

  Ta Netscape 3.x & 4.x exouv eggevn (merikn) upostnri3n ellnvikwv.
  Prwta apo ola, prepei va exoume kavei swsto Configuration twv X
  windows wste va "blepouv" ellnvikes grammatoseires. Av auto exei givei
  tote prepei va kavoume ta e3ns 3 bnmata gia va apeikovizovtai ta
  ellnvika PANTOU sto netscape.

  o  Na dnlwsoume swsto encoding/fonts

  o  Na peira3oume ta resources tou Netscape

  o  Na "ftia3oume" aliases gia ellnvikes grammatoseires iso8859-1 (vai,
     iso8859-1) kai Windows-1253 wste va blepoume ta ellnvika stis
     formes (to netscape mperdeuetai kai apekovizei tis formes movo me
     iso8859-1 grammatoseires). Oi grammatoseires windows-1253
     xreiazovtai giati merikoi avegkefaloi web masters bazouv eskemmeva
     'n apo agvoia sta .html tous: charset=windows-1253

  Arxizoume :


  o  Exovtas avoixto to netscape, apo to mevou view->encoding dialegoume
     to "Greek (ISO-8859-7)" kai pali apo to idio mevou to "Set Default
     Encoding".  Meta apo to Edit->Preferences, Appearance->Fonts
     epilegoume sto pedio "For the encoding" to "Greek (ISO-8859-7)" kai
     sta 2 lists pio katw ta agapnmeva mas ellnvika fonts (ta helvetica
     kalutera!). Kavoume click sto OK.

  o  Sto directory tou netscape uparxei eva arxeio Netscape.ad. Eivai ta
     Resources. Av upo8esoume oti to netscape exei egkatasta8ei swsta
     sto /usr/local/netscape, tote ekteloume sav "root" ta parakatw pou
     leitourgouv swsta toulaxistov sto netscape 4.03. (Proupo8esn va
     exoume ta fonts -greek-helvetica).


     cd /usr/X11/lib/X11/app-defaults
     \rm -f Netscape
     grep -v 'fontList:' /usr/local/netscape/Netscape.ad >/tmp/Netscape
     echo "*fontList: \
          -greek-helvetica-medium-r-normal-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-7" \
          >>/tmp/Netscape
     grep -v '^*defaultCharset:' /tmp/Netscape >Netscape
     echo '*defaultCharset:       iso-8859-7' >>Netscape
     chmod 644 Netscape
     \rm -f /tmp/Netscape



  o  Sav root, sto directory pou exoume ta agapnmeva mas ellnvika fonts
     dnmiourgoume ta aliases ws e3ns:

     cd /usr/X11/lib/X11/fonts/greek
     mkfontdir
     awk '{printf "%s %s\n", $2, $2}' fonts.dir |sed -e \
      's/iso8859-7/iso8859-1/' >>fonts.alias
     awk '{printf "%s %s\n", $2, $2}' fonts.dir |sed -e \
      's/iso8859-7/windows-1253/' >>fonts.alias



  o  3ekivoume ta X kai dialegoume sto
     edit->preferences->Appearance->fonts ellnvika fonts gia to charset
     'windows-1253' kai 'iso8859-1'. (vai ellnvika fonts gia to western
     charset iso8859-1!!!!).

  Plnrofories 8a breite episns sto: http://www.ntua.gr/help.html


  {
  4.7
  Shmeiwteon  to greekXfonts-full-1.1.tgz prosferei 3 dynatothtes
  gia ellhnika se Netcsape:
   grinet (Type1),
   grtex/grtt,
   helveticagr/couriergr.
  Ta Type1 einai to kalytero option (logw oti einai scalable) alla
  dystyxws
  se XFree de fainontai toso kala logw kakoy Type1 rasteriser twn X.
  Se alla unix/X isws exw anafores oti fainontai poly kalytera.
  }



  Polla sites exoyn dymanic font information gia to keimena opote to
  Netscape aytomatws tha dialseksei to katallhlo font. Ayth h praktikh
  synistatai se webmasters ellhnikwn keimenwn.


  4.6.  Or8ografia (ispell)

  O Giavvns Kabaklns <kavaklis@csd.uch.gr> exei tropopoinsei to ispell,
  gia va upostnrizei 928 ellnvika.  Episns exei eva le3iko sto paketo
  auto. To FTP site eivai:
  ftp://argeas.argos.hol.gr/pub/unix/linux/GREEK/ispellH.tar.gz


  {
  ftp://ftp.cs.ucla.edu/pub/ispell/languages/ (???)

       ispell - Spell checking in Danish:
          First make sure you install version 3.1 instead of version 4.0
          of ispell.  The latter is obsolete and multiply brain-damaged.
          You can download the sources for ispell at the GNU archive at
          prep.ai.mit.edu, and you can get a Danish dictionary via FTP
          from ftp.iesd.auc.dk in /pub/packages/dkispell/. Follow the
          compilation instructions and you should have no trouble (One
          caveat: When defining the variables necessary for compilation
          you should slightly confusingly tell ispell that Linux is a Sys
          V type OS by defining the variable USG.)

          (Note for non-Danish readers: You can find dictionaries for most
          Western languages by reading the file Where included with the
          sources for ispell.)
  }




  4.7.  Tex/LaTex


  { polutoviko, DVIps, Xdvi, Ellnvikes Prospa8eies E3ellnvikopoinsns tou
  TeX (???) }

  To TeX eivai eva programma pou eftia3e arxika o ka8ngntns Donald E.
  Knuth tou Stanford University, gia to grayimo keimevwv me polla
  ma8nmatika.  Arxika to TeX dev upostnrize ellnvika, para movo ta liga
  ellnvika sumbola pou xrnsimopoiouv oi ma8nmatikoi polles fores gia va
  dnlwsouv metablntes se e3iswseis opws:


       $ y = \alpha\,x^2 $




  opou to TeX avtika8ista to \alpha me to ellnviko "a".

  Auto omws dev eivai kai toso boliko, giati to TeX xeirizetai kapws
  diaforetika ta ellnvika se math-mode (to eidiko mode tou TeX sto opoio
  grafetai ka8e e3iswsn) kai diaforetika se horizontal-mode pou grafetai
  to aplo keimevo.  Kai safws kaveis dev 8a n8ele va prepei va grafei
  tragika pragmata opws:



       {$\Epsilon$}$\lambda${$\lambda$}$\'\alpha${$\delta$}$\alpha$.




  movo kai movo gia va grayei "Ellada".

  Mia prwtn lusn nr8e me to project BABEL tou TeX-Users-Group, n opoia
  perigrafetai parakatw.


  4.7.1.  To project BABEL

  To project BABEL mporei va bre8ei se ola ta Comprehensive-TeX-Archive-
  Network (CTAN) mirrors.  Eivai sto directory .../tex-archive/babel/
  kai n ellnvikn upostnri3n tou BABEL uparxei sto
   .../tex-archive/babel/greek/* .


  To project BABEL exei ftiax8ei kuriws apo 3evous, omws, pou dev
  grafouv se "pragmatika ellnvika", alla se greeklish.  Etsi, gia
  paradeigma n le3n "Ellada" grafetai sav:



       \GR{}Ella'da\EN{}




  Pou eivai safws mia beltiwsn apo to apaisio $...$ kolpo.

  Me ta katallnla filtra to BABEL mporei va ftiax8ei etsi wste va
  upostnrizei pragmatika ellnvika, kai telika va grafei kaveis:



       Ellada




  kai to filtro va to metatrepei sto prongoumevo paradeigma, wste to
  BABEL va douleyei swsta!


  4.7.2.  Prospa8eies e3ellnvismou tou Tex/LaTex

  Sto ITU (Ivstitouto Texvologias Upologistwv), uparxei eva project me
  to ovoma GRTeX.  Blepe "Diplwmatikn ergasia GRTeX, Stefavos
  Maggavarns, Iouvios 1989, Patra, Tmnma Mnx. H/U kai Plnr."
  4.7.3.  Avafores gia Tex/LaTex


  o  ftp.tex.ac.uk:/tex/fonts/greek/ Autos eivai o katalogos gia
     ellnvika sto CTAN

  o  ftp://obelix.ee.duth.gr/pub/TeX Kaln sullogn gia TeX kai ellnvika

  o  http://platon.ee.duth.gr/~eft/ Sullogos Ellnvwv filwv tou TeX

  o  http://platon.ee.duth.gr/~eft/Greekinf/ Diafora ergaleia gia LateX

  o  http://ctan.unsw.edu.au/tex-archive/help/greek/greek.faq faq gia
     ellnviko LateX, alla palio (4/94)

     The CTAN servers are:

  o  ftp.tex.ac.uk (128.232.1.87).

  o  ftp.dante.de (129.206.100.192), and

  o  ftp.cdrom.com/pub/tex/ctan

  o  ftp.ee.up.ac.za


  4.8.  Diafora


  4.8.1.  ls

  Gia va deite ta arxeia me ellnvika ovomata, ekteleste tnv evtoln ws
  "ls -N".  Gia eukolia kavte tnv alias sto  /.profile n balte tnv
  parametro -N sto $LS_OPTIONS:

  export LS_OPTIONS="$LS_OPTIONS -N"




  4.8.2.  more

  O Mavwlns Lourakns, <lourakis@csd.uch.gr> "peira3e" to "more" gia va
  deixvei 928 ellnvika, moreH:
  ftp://argeas.argos.hol.gr/pub/unix/linux/GREEK/moreH.tar.gz



  4.8.3.  less

  Uparxouv diaforoi tropoi gia va douleyei to less, o ka8e tropos me
  diaforetiko ba8mo duskolias:

  o  less -r (raw mode, mnv perimevete polu omorfa apotelesmata)

  o  set LESSCHARSET="koi8-r" (H pio eukoln lusn)

  o  set LESSCHARDEF="8bcccbcc18b95.b128."

  o  Me upostnri3n NLS, bl. ``'' (H pio "sobarn" lusn)

  o  Na peira3ei to charset.c  (Gia duvatous lutes):




     ----- CUT HERE - patch.in -----

     *** charset.c.orig      Thu Aug  7 11:24:42 1997
     --- charset.c   Thu Aug  7 11:25:02 1997
     ***************
     *** 49,54 ****
     --- 49,55 ----
             { "dos",        "8bcccbcc12bc5b95.b."           },
             { "koi8-r",     "8bcccbcc18b95.b128."           },
             { "next",       "8bcccbcc18b95.bb125.bb"        },
     +       { "8859-7",     "8bcccbcc18b95.b128." }, /* By Antonis Kavarnos */
             { NULL }
       };


  kai meta:  setenv LESSCHARSET "8859-7"


  4.8.4.  a2ps

  Uparxei mia metaglwttisn tou a2ps (ascii to postscript), pou
  upostnrizei ellnvika.  Brisketai:
  ftp://argeas.argos.hol.gr/pub/unix/linux/GREEK/a2ps_v4.0-greek.tar.gz

  { 4.10.4 To standard a2ps tha exei syntoma swsth yposthriksh gia
  ellhnika.  Real soon now!  }


  5.  National Language Support



  5.1.  Egkatastasn

  PRWTA blepe poses kai poies eivai oi biblio8nkes tns C pou uparxouv
  sto sustnma sou. p.x.

   ttyp3:~#ldconfig -v | grep libc.so
   libc.so.4 => libc.so.4.7.2
   libc.so.6 => libc-2.0.4.so
   libc.so.5 => libc.so.5.4.33


  Uparxouv 5 katngories libc kai dev eivai sumbates meta3u tous, osov
  afora ta locale pavta.  (Autn tnv stigmn oi pio polloi exouv tis ekdo-
  seis 4 kai 5)

  1. libc 4 ??? (a.out)

  2. libc 5.0.9-5.3.12

  3. libc 5.4.x

  4. glibc 1.x ??? (sav libc 5 gia merikes arxitektovikes Linux)

  5. glibc 2.x.x (libc 6)


  5.1.1.  Egkatastasn Ellnvikwv Locale

  Xreiazeste tis topikes ru8miseis (localedata), tov compiler localedef
  kai to diagvwstiko ergaleio locale.

  o  Uparxouv treis ekdoseis twv topikwv ru8misewv (Diaferouv elaxista)


     1. H pio palia apoteleitai apo ta

                 ftp://dkuug.dk/i18n/WG15-collection/locales/gr_GR              (2679 bytes)
                 ftp://dkuug.dk/i18n/WG15-collection/charmaps/ISO_8859-7:1987   (19768 bytes)
                 ftp://dkuug.dk/i18n/WG15-collection/locales/en_DK              (101080 bytes)




     2. H alln, pio prosfatn ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian/ ...
        /sources/admin/wg15-locale_2.orig.tar.gz (n se diafora CDROM me
        to debian) kai periexei ta

                  locales/gr_GR
                  locales/en_DK
                  charmaps/ISO_8859-7,1987



     (Prepei va douleuei movo gia libc 5.4.x)

     3. H pio kaivourgia ekdosn brisketai eite sto paketo pngaiou kwdika
        tns glibc 2.0.5 eite sav 3exwristo paketo sav glibc-
        localedata-2.0.5 Uparxei sto debian (ftp.debian.org),sto redhat
        (ftp.redhat.com) kai se mirrors tns gnu kai periexei ta
        gr_GR,en_DK,ISO-8859-7

  o  Ta localedef kai locale uparxouv sta paketa me tov pngaio kwdika
     twv libc 5 kai glibc 2. Episns kukloforouv se binary morfn apo to
     debian kai redhat kai sav tar.gz apo tnv gnu kai n ekdosn tous
     prepei va eivai idia me tnv libc pou exete (locale-5.x.y gia tnv
     libc 5.x.y kai to glibc-localedata-2.x.y gia tnv glibc-2.x.y)

  Prwta pngaivete stov upokatalogo opou briskete gr_GR kai trexete tnv
  evtoln

     >sed -e 's/am_pm "";""/am_pm   "<P*><M*>";"<M*><M*>"/' gr_GR > el_GR


  (Gia duvatotnta ellnvikou PM kai MM kai n allagn  ovomatos gia sumbat-
  otnta me ta  X) Kai gia elegxo

            > tail -n 5 el_GR | grep am_pm
            am_pm  "<P*><M*>";"<M*><M*>"
            t_fmt_ampm ""
            END LC_TIME


  Twra sav root dnmiourgnste tous e3ns upokatalogous

     # mkdir -m 755 -p /usr/share/locale/el_GR/LC_MESSAGES
     # mkdir -m 755 -p /usr/share/i18n/charmaps
     # mkdir -m 755 -p /usr/share/i18n/locales
     # ln -sf /usr/share/i18n/charmaps /usr/share/i18n/charmap


  Egkatastnste sta swsta mern ta el_GR, en_DK, ISO-8859-7 (n
  ISO_8859-7:1987 n ISO_8859-7,1987)

  # cd (ekei pou eivai ta localedata
  # cp e?_??  /usr/share/i18n/locales
  # cp ISO[-_]8859-7* /usr/share/i18n/charmaps


  Metaglwttiste, av dev ta exete ndn se binary morfn, ta locale kai
  localedef.  Auto givetai peripou etsi:
   > cd ~/src
   > gzip -dc libc-x.y.z.tar.gz | tar xvf -
   > cd libc-x.y.z
   > ./configure
   > make clean; make depend
   > cd locale
   > make programs
   > su -f root -c 'install -m 755 locale localedef /usr/bin'


  Kai twra eiste etoimoi gia tnv metaglwttisn twv topikwv ru8misewv. Sav
  root:

  # cd /usr/share


  Se periptwsn pou exete mia libc

  # localedef -ci el_GR -f ISO-8859-7 el_GR


  Se periptwsn pou exete duo p.x. libc-5.4.33 kai libc-2.0.4

  # localedef-2.04   -ci el_GR -f ISO-8859-7 el_GR
  # localedef-5.4.33 -ci el_GR -f ISO-8859-7 el
  # chmod -cR a+r locale


  Twra prepei va uparxouv auta katw apo to /usr/share/locale/el_GR (kai
  to el)

  # ls locale/el_GR
  LC_COLLATE    LC_CTYPE      LC_MESSAGES/  LC_MONETARY   LC_NUMERIC     LC_TIME



  Mia dokimn. Gia kelufos tupou csh p.x. tcsh:

  > setenv LANG el_GR


  Gia kelufos tupou sh p.x. bash, ksh:

  > LANG=el_GR ; export LANG


  Dokimaste:



















  > locale
  LANG=el_GR
  LC_CTYPE="el_GR"
  LC_NUMERIC="el_GR"
  LC_TIME="el_GR"
  LC_COLLATE="el_GR"
  LC_MONETARY="el_GR"
  LC_MESSAGES="el_GR"
  LC_ALL=
  > locale -c LC_TIME | head
  LC_TIME
  Kur;Deu;Tri;Tet;Pem;Par;Sab
  Kuriakn;Deutera;Tritn;Tetartn;Pemptn;Paraskeun;Sabbato
  Iav;Feb;Mar;Apr;Mai;Iouv;Ioul;Aug;Sep;Okt;Noe;Dek
  Iavouarios;Febrouarios;Martios;Aprilios;Maios;Iouvios;Ioulios;Augoustos;Septembrios;Oktwbrios;Noembrios;Dekembrios
  PM;MM
  %a %d %b %Y %T %Z
  %d/%m/%Y
  %T


  (H diamorfwsn allazei apo libc se libc)

  Twra mporeite va dokimaste merikes efarmoges (arkei va exouv givei
  compile me mia sumbatn libc)

  > unsetenv LESSCHARSET n unset LESSCHARSET
  > less kapoio-keimevo-me-ellnvika
  > cal
     Augoustos 1997
  Ku De Tr Te Pe Pa Sa
                  1  2
   3  4  5  6  7  8  9
  10 11 12 13 14 15 16
  17 18 19 20 21 22 23
  24 25 26 27 28 29 30
  31


  Kai sto Netscape 4 (me libc 5.4.x x > 4 ) avoi3te to Mail & Discus-
  sions kai 8a deite sto Date tous mnves stnv mesn px 31/08/1997 kai tis
  nmeres sta ellnvika.  Telos :-)


  5.1.2.  Egkatastasn Ellnvikwv mnvumatwv diaforwv efarmogwv


  5.1.2.1.  Edw uparxouv duo ave3artnta paketa to gencat kai to gettext

  a)To gencat erxetai mazi me tov pngaio kwdika tns ka8e libc (katw apo
  to nls/) n se binary p.x. gencat-x.y.z kai eivai e3artnmevo apo autnv
  opws kai to localedef.  Metaglwttizei arxeia tupou International
  language text (.m) se katalogous.

  b)To gettext, eivai ave3artnto apo tnv libc, kai uparxei suvn8ws se
  mirrors tns gnu p.x.ftp.kernel.org/pub/mirrors/gnu/gettext-0.10.tar.gz
  kai sta debian,redhat.  (Gia va breite mia prosfatn ekdosn pate sto
  http://las.ml.org ya3te gia gettext) To xrnsimopoiouv sxedov ola ta
  paketa tns GNU {file,sh,text,net}-utils kai polla alla paketa p.x.
  (WindowMaker).  Gia plnrofories deite to
  ftp.kernel.org/pub/mirrors/gnu/ABOUT-NLS, steilte mnvuma stnv ellnvikn
  omada sto el@li.org n gia va bon8nste mpeite stnv lista el-
  request@li.org me tnv le3n "subscribe" sto swma tou mnvumatos.

  Autn tnv stigmn, apo o,ti gvwrizw, plnrws ellnvika mnvumata exei movo
  to tcsh 6.07.02 (me patches tou debian) kai xrnsimopoiei, dustuxws, to
  gencat.


  5.1.2.2.  Egkatastasn tou tcsh

  Katebaste to tcsh >= 6.07.02.  Breite to gencat (pngaios kwdikas
  libc,se binary apo redhat,debian) Protou metaglwttiste to tcsh.  n

  o  Epe3ergasteite to config_f.h kai alla3te to #undef NLS_CATALOGS se
     #define NLS_CATALOGS Alla3te apo ola ta ellnvika arxeia nls/greek/*
     ta \",\',\v se ",',\n avtistoixa.  Alla3te sto nls/Makefile to
     GENCAT=gencat se  GENCAT=gencat -new -lang ANSIC n

  o  Katebaste to patch gia tnv ekdosn 6.07.02 apo to debian
     (ftp.debian.org/debian/hamm/hamm/source/shells/tcsh_6.07.02-3.diff.gz)

  Metaglwttiste, egkatastnste, dokimaste to tcsh

   >make
   >make catalogs
   >su -f root -c 'make install'
   >su -f root -c 'install -m 644 tcsh.greek.cat /usr/share/locale/el_GR/tcsh'
   >/bin/tcsh
   >setenv LANG el_GR
   >unsetenv NOREBIND (gia va afnvei grafete sta ellnvika)
   >fkjg
   fkjg: H evtoln de bre8nke.


  Av dev sas bgalei ellnviko mnvuma tote

  o  Eleg3te to /usr/share/locale/el_GR/tcsh kai to /bin/tcsh

       >ls -l /usr/share/locale/el_GR/tcsh
       -rw-r--r--   1 root     root        47443 Iouv 12 21:27 /usr/share/locale/el_GR/tcsh
       >file /usr/share/locale/el_GR/tcsh
       /usr/share/locale/el_GR/tcsh: data
       >ls -l /bin/tcsh
       -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root       270476 Sab Aug 10:23 /bin/tcsh
       >date
       Sab Aug   9 10:38 EET DST 1997



  o  Bebaiw8eite oti to gencat erxetai apo mia sumbatn libc

      > gencat -V
      localedef (GNU libc) 2.0.4
      Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
      This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
      warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
      Written by Ulrich Drepper.
      > ldd /bin/tcsh
             libnsl.so.1 => /lib/libnsl.so.1 (0x40003000)
             libncurses.so.4 => /usr/lib/libncurses.so.4 (0x4000a000)
             libcrypt.so.1 => /lib/libcrypt.so.1 (0x4004a000)
             libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x40078000)
             /lib/ld-linux.so.2 => /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x00000000)



  Av to mnvuma eivai kapws etsi

   fkjg: ^H ^e^v^t^o^l^n ^d^e ^b^r^e^8^n^k^e.


  1. Eleg3te ta permissions stnv /usr/share/locale/el_GR

      > ls -l /usr/share/locale/el_GR
      total 96
      drwxr-xr-x   3 root     root         1024 Iouv 25 20:40 ./
      drwxr-xr-x  68 root     root         2048 Aug   6 10:41 ../
      -rw-r--r--   1 root     root        29156 Iouv 25 20:36 LC_COLLATE
      -rw-r--r--   1 root     root        10428 Iouv 25 20:36 LC_CTYPE
      drwxr-xr-x   2 root     root         1024 Iouv 25 20:34 LC_MESSAGES/
      -rw-r--r--   1 root     root           95 Iouv 25 20:36 LC_MONETARY
      -rw-r--r--   1 root     root           27 Iouv 25 20:36 LC_NUMERIC
      -rw-r--r--   1 root     root          536 Iouv 25 20:36 LC_TIME
      -rw-r--r--   1 root     root        47443 Iouv 12 21:27 tcsh



  2. 3avakavete compile tis topikes ru8miseis me to localedef

  3. Eleg3te tnv ekdosn tou localedef kai tns libc wste va eivai idies

      > localedef -V
      localedef (GNU libc) 2.0.4
      Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
      This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
      warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
      Written by Ulrich Drepper.
      > ldd /bin/tcsh
             libnsl.so.1 => /lib/libnsl.so.1 (0x40003000)
             libncurses.so.4 => /usr/lib/libncurses.so.4 (0x4000a000)
             libcrypt.so.1 => /lib/libcrypt.so.1 (0x4004a000)
             libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x40078000)
             /lib/ld-linux.so.2 => /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x00000000)



  4. Katebaste mia pio prosfatn ekdosn twv topikwv ru8misewv

  5. Avaba8miste tnv libc


  5.1.3.  Ru8miseis diaforwv efarmogwv

  Oi pio polles efarmoges to movo pou xreiazovtai eivai to LANG se
  el_GR.

  o  X gevika: a)Pros8este sto /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/locale/locale.alias to
     el_GR.ISO-8859-7        el_GR.ISO8859-7 b) Gia ellnvikous titlous
     kai ovomata eikovidiwv *titleEncoding: ISO8859-7 *iconNameEncoding:
     ISO8859-7

  o  LESS: MHN DHLWNETE TO LESSCHARSET.  Me swsta locale, tnv swstn
     libc, kai to LANG se el_GR deixvei ta ellnvika kavovika.

     Efarmoges me mnvumata gettext
     (/usr/share/locale/el_GR/LC_MESSAGES/*.mo): To LANGUAGE se el_GR.


  o  TCL/TK: Gia va sas afnvei va grafete ellnvika alla3te sto
     /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/locale/compose.dir apo iso8859-1/Compose      C
     se #iso8859-1/Compose      C

  o  XTERM: Parte tnv ekdosn tou xterm apo tnv Xfree86 3.3 (diaferei apo
     tnv ekdosn twv X11R6.3) kai metaglwttiste me -DI18N.

  o  SH-UTILS,FILE-UTILS,TEXT-UTILS: Merika programmata tous 8elouv
     glibc 2 gia dei3ouv ellnvikes nmeromnvies.
  o  SYSLOGD:???????

  o  Dikes sas efarmoges: Gia va mporeite va bazete mexri kai ellnvikes
     parametrous.

                #include <locale.h>
                .....
                setlocale(LC_ALL,"");
                .....
                >dokimn --ola


  Alles efarmoges kaveis;

  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  5.2.  Problnmata

  Polla ;-).

  5.2.1.  Problnmata me tnv C Library (libc)

  H METAGLWTTISMENH MORFH APO TA LOCALEDEF KAI GENCAT SUNH8WS ALLAZEI
  APO LIBC SE LIBC KAI ENA PROGRAMMA METAGLWTTISMENO ME TOUS HEADERS
  MIAS LIBC MPOREI NA MHN MPOREI NA DIABASEI THS TOPIKES RU8MISEIS
  FTIAGMENES APO ALLH BIBLIO8HKH.


  5.2.2.  Problnmata me ta X

  Locale not supported from X library.(n kati paromoio) Eleg3te ta
  dikaiwmata stous upokatalogous

        # chmod -cR a+r /usr/share/locale /usr/X11R6/lib/locale


  Eleg3te ta Xresources kai ya3te gia tipota upopto

        >xrdb -query


  Blepe problnmata me tnv biblio8nkn tns C.


  5.2.3.  Problnmata pou dnmiourgouvtai otav ola eivai swsta ;-)

  O daimovas syslogd apo8nkeuei ta dedomeva sta 7-bit kai polles
  efarmoges 8a tou stelvouv tis nmeromnvies sta ellnvika p.x.to PAM me
  apotelesma merikes fores va mnv mporeis deis tov mnva.

  Merika programmata 8a perimevouv gia apavtnsn se erwtnsn "yes/no" avti
  gia "y" n "n"ta "v" kai "o" avtistoixa.

  Stnv kovsola kalo eivai va exete mia grammatoseira
  iso-8859-7(ELOT-928).  Eidika me ellnviko tcsh.


  5.3.  Epipleov plnrofories


  man pages: locale.5 locale.7 setlocale.2
  HOWTOs:    locale-HOWTO




  6.  Wriaia Zwvn (timezone)

  H Ellada brisketai stnv Wriaia Zwvn Avatolikns Eurwpns (Eastern
  European Timezone,EET), pou eivai isoduvamo me tnv wra Greenwich suv 2
  wres (GMT+2), kata tnv xeimerivn periodo.  To kalokairi otav givetai
  allagn wras, n swstn metatropn eivai +0300 (EET DST), opou DST
  snmaivei Daylight Saving Time.

  Prokeimevou va givetai automata n metatropn, kalutera epile3te
  Europe/Athens.


  {
  An 8elei na orisei kaneis timezone environment variable, ayth einai h
  svsth:
          setenv TZ 'EET-2EET DST-3,M3.5.0/3:00:00,M10.5.0/3:00:00'
  vraio e? :-)

  Pio kala bebaia einai na xrhsimopoioyme to svsto zoneinfo arxeio.
  Oi teleytaies ekdoseis toy linux exoyn svsta orismeno
  to EET (allakse to 1996).
  Oi palaioteres allazoyn thn vra to Septembrio, anti toy Oktvbrioy.
  Etsi ftiaxnoyme to parakatv arxeio EET.zic:

  ----- CUT: EET.zic -----
  Rule    E-Eur   1986    max     -       Mar     lastSun 3:00s   1:00    " DST"
  Rule    E-Eur   1986    1995    -       Sep     lastSun 3:00s   0       -
  Rule    E-Eur   1996    max     -       Oct     lastSun 3:00s   0       -
  Zone    EET             2:00    E-Eur           EET%s
  ----- CUT: END OF EET.zic -----

  Meta:
          zic EET.zic
  (ayto ftiaxnei to /usr/lib/zoneinfo/EET)
          /bin/rm -f /var/lib/zoneinfo/localtime
          ln -s /usr/lib/zoneinfo/localtime /var/lib/zoneinfo/EET
  }

  {
    Me to paron 0a h0ela na anakoinwsw ena mini-paketo pou parexei ena
   dior0wmeno arxeio gia to Ellhniko timezone, meta tis allages pou
   perisy kai fetos anakoinw0hkan gia tis hmeromhnies allaghs ths
   "kalokairinhs" wras. Mazi me auto yparxei kai ena mikro programmataki
   pou diabazei tetoia arxeia kai typwnei tis plhrofories pou periexoun
   se an0rwpina-anagnwsimh morfh (pws leme "human-readable form" - h
   metafrash twn agglikwn orwn dinei kai pairnei, etsi gia na
   anatrixiazoun merikoi-merikoi :) :)).

   To paketaki (molis 4365 bytes) 0a to breite (entos oligou) sto

   ftp://argeas.argos.hol.gr/pub/unix/linux/GREEK/tzHellas-271097.tar.gz

   Katebaste to kai diabaste to README gia perissotera. Bottom line:
   to timezone file "Hellas" pou periexei, parexei swstes hmeromhnies
   allaghs wras (symfwna me thn prosfath epishmh anakoinwsh) gia thn
   Ellada, mexri kai ton Oktwbrio tou 2001, h mexri na mas alla3oune
   pali tis hmeromhnies... :)

    Me xairetismous,

    Dhmhtrhs





  7.  Tekmnriwsn kai bibliografia


  7.1.  Unix gia Arxarious


  B.Kernighan, R.Pike, The UNIX programming Environment, 1984, ISBN
  0-13-937681-X E3ngnsn tou Unix gia arxarious. Pukvogrammevo alla
  katavonto. Klassiko biblio pavepistnmiakwv sxolwv. (*) (**GR)

  H. Hahn, A Student's Guide to Unix, McGraw Hill, 1993, ISBN:
  0-07-025511-3 Eva polu kalo eisagwgiko biblio gia to Unix. Se apln
  glwssa o suggrafeas e3ngei stov arxario oti 8elei va 3erei gia to Unix
  kai to Internet.  DEN APAITEITAI PROEMPEIRIA (*)

  M. Waite, D. Martin e S. Prata, The Waite Group's Unix System V
  Primer, Sams, 1992, ISBN: 0-672-30194-6 Eva e3aireto egxeridio gia
  Unix/SVR4. (**GR)

  D. Libes, S. Ressler, Life with Unix - A Guide for Everyone, Prentice
  Hall, 1990, ISBN: 0-13-536657-7 Otidnpote 8a 8elate va ma8ete gia to
  Unix. Periexei duseuretes plnrofories.


  7.2.  Unix gia Proxwrnmevous


  M. J. Bach, The design of the Unix operating system, Prentice-Hall
  International, 461 pp, ISBN: 0-13-201757-1 Sumfwva kai me tov titlo
  tou, perigrafei tnv sxediasn tou Unix se ba8os.

  P. Abrahams, B. Larson, Unix for the Impatient, Addison Wesley, 1995,
  ISBN: 0-201-55703-7 Keimevo avaforas sto Unix, suvoptiko alla kai
  plnres. Eivai katallnlo gia va briskei kaveis grngora kai me akribeia,
  apavtnseis se problnmata. (*)

  W.R. Stevens, Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment, Addison
  Wesley, 1996, ISBN: 0-201-56317-7 To katallnlo biblio gia opoiov 8elei
  va programmatisei sto Unix. (*)

  W.R. Stevens, UNIX Network Programming, Addison Wesley, 1996, ISBN:
  0-13-90012-X Eav skefteste va asxoln8eite me programmatismo se diktuo
  (px Internet, TCP/IP) nr8e n wra va agorasete auto to biblio. (*)


  7.3.  Diaxeirisn Sustnmatos


  E. Nemeth, G. Snyder, S. Seebass, Unix System Administration Handbook,
  Prentice-Hall, 1995, ISBN: 0-13-933441-6 Klassiko biblio, biblos tou
  diaxeiristn (*)

  D. r, B. Hunter, B. Smith, Unix System V Release 4 Administration,
  Hayden, 1991, ISBN: 0-672-22810-6 Sxoliazetai ws to aparaitnto biblio
  gia tnv orgavwsn evos praktikou, apodotikou kai paragwgikou Unix.

  AEleen Frisch, Essential System Administration 2nd Edition, O'Reilly &
  Associates, 1996, ISBN 15659212755 Eva e3airetiko biblio gia
  Diaxeirisn Sustnmatos me polles plnrofories eidika gia to Linux.  (*)


  7.4.  Asfaleia Sustnmatos sto Unix


  S. Garfinkel, G. Spafford, Practical Unix Security and Internet,
  O'Reilly, 1996, ISBN: 0-937175-72-2 Ola ta aparaitnta metra gia va
  kavete to sustnma sas oso to duvatov asfalestero. (*)


  7.5.  Unix kai Internet


  AA.VV., Building a Unix Internet Server, New Riders, ISBN:
  1-56205-494-5 Periexei CD me ola ta xrnsima ergaleia, gia tnv
  egkatastasn evos Internet Server.

  Que, Running perfect internet site with linux, U. Hoepli ed., 1995,
  ISBN 0789705141


  7.6.  Eidika gia Linux


  M. Welsh, L. Kaufman, Running Linux (*)

  O. Kirch, Linux Network Administrator's Guide, O'Reilly & Associates,
  Inc.  (*)

  LDP, The Linux Bible - 3rd Edition, Yggdrasil Computing, Inc.


  7.7.  Ellnvika biblia gia to UNIX

  Osa biblia apo ta parapavw eivai me (*), uparxouv stnv Ellada
  ametafrasta.  Osa biblia apo ta parapavw eivai me (**GR), uparxouv
  stnv Ellada metafrasmeva.  Kalutera bebaia rwtnste sta bibliopwleia
  gia sigouria (bl. ``'')


  7.8.  On-line tekmnriwsn

  To Linux Documentation Project (LDP) eivai mia prospa8eia va graftei
  oln n tekmnriwsn tou Linux nlektrovika, kai va orgavw8ei eviaia. Ola
  ta HOWTO, FAQ, manual pages, Guides avnkouv sto LDP, kai briskovtai
  stov kombo tou sunsite (http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/).  Na snmeiw8ei
  oti kai auto to keimevo eivai tmnma tou LDP kai brisketai:
  http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO.

  Epimevete ellnvika omws kai protimate tous ka8reptismous (!) tou LDP:

  o  http://pieria.forthnet.gr/LDP/, Contact: Sotiris
     Tsimbonis,sotiris@praxis.org.gr, Updated: DAILY, Location:
     Katerini, Greece

  o  http://www.ichannel.gr/linux/LDP/, Contact: Dimitris Demiris,
     ddemiris@ichannel.gr, Updated: DAILY, Location: Volos, Greece

  o  http://imia.cc.duth.gr/LDP/, Contact: Kalamoukos Dimitrios,
     dkalam@duth.gr, Updated: WEEKLY, Location: Xanthi, Greece

  Olo to sunsite uparxei kai stnv Ellada sto:
  http://sunsite.ics.forth.gr/

  To tmnma gia linux eivai: ftp://sunsite.ics.forth.gr/sunsite/linux



  7.9.  Periodika

  To movo periodiko pou kukloforei stnv Ellada gia to Linux, eivai to
  (amerikaviko) Linux Journal, pou mporei va to promn8eutei kaveis apo
  texvika bibliopwleia.
  Episns to Linux Gazette eivai eva kalo on-line periodiko kai brisketai
  stnv dieu8uvsn: http://www.ssc.com/lg/.  Mirror tou uparxei kai edw:
  http://www.eexi.gr/mirrors/lg/lg_frontpage.html.



  8.  To Linux stnv Ellada


  8.1.  Poia eivai n katastasn tou Linux stnv Ellada;

  O purnvas twv Ellnvwv xrnstwv dev eivai megaluteros apo 200 atoma,
  alla uparxouv kai polloi alloi. Oi Ellnves xrnstes tou Linux exouv
  sxnmatisei eva diktuo meta3u tous, pou perilambavei kombous FTP, news
  hosts me omades suzntnsewv, IRC channels kai polles proswpikes selides
  sto Internet.  /* Kevtrikn orgavwsn dev uparxei, alla sav Ellnves,
  auto dev mas stevaxwrei kai polu, suvn8ismevoi gar... */


  8.2.  Epikoivwvia me allous Ellnves


  8.2.1.  Listes kai omades suzntnsewv (Newsgroups)

  H taktikn epikoivwvia Ellnvwv gia to Linux givetai apo tnv lista tou
  Argea, linux.greek.users. H selida tns listas eivai sto
  http://argeas.argos.hol.gr/lists/linux/index.html Uparxei kai list-
  news gateway tns listas stnv dieu8uvsn:
  news://edessa.topo.auth.gr/local.linux.greek.users

  Tnv sugkekrimevn omada suzntnsewv exouv kai alloi komboi. Epeidn tnv
  lista tnv diabazouv polloi, pou pi8avov dev exouv ellnvika, eivai kaln
  taktikn va xrnsimopoiouvtai greeklish:

  ayta edv, as poume, einai greeklish.




  8.2.2.  IRC

  IRC channel, xrnsimo gia ameses erwtnseis kai suzntnseis, eivai to
  #linux-gr.  H selida tou eivai http://www.co.umist.ac.uk/~vp/irc/


  8.2.3.  Fidonet

  Sto Fidonet, uparxei n sxetikn omada suzntnsns "gr.unix", pou suvn8ws
  exei kai postings sxetika me to Linux. Tnv omada autn, mporei va tnv
  parakolou8nsei kaveis, apo tis BBS ellnvikou Fidonet (bl.
  http://www.fidonet.gr) Prosoxn 8elei to oti merikes fores suvavtame
  737 ellnvika n/kai flames.

  Kai edw uparxei fido-news gateway: news://news.fidonet.gr/gr.unix kai
  news://edessa.topo.auth.gr/fido.gr.unix


  8.3.  Omades Ellnvwv Xrnstwv tou Linux

  Omades uparxouv stnv A8nva (HELUG) kai tnv Patra (PLUG).  Oi omades
  eivai avoixtes se vea meln kai evdiaferomevous gia to Linux.

  Eav evdiafereste gia tnv dnmiourgia evos LUG, diabaste prwta auto:
  http://www.ntlug.org/archive/lug-howto/index.html


  8.3.1.  HELUG

  Stnv A8nva, stnv compulink, edreuei to HELUG (HEllenic Linux Users
  Group).  http://www.compulink.gr/linux/


  8.3.2.  PLUG

  Stnv Patra, sto tmnma Mnxavikwv H/U kai Plnroforikns, edreuei to PLUG
  (Patras Linux Users Group).
  http://students.ceid.upatras.gr/~gef/linux/


  8.4.  Internet Sites


  8.4.1.  Ellnvikoi komboi

  Komboi WWW:

  o  http://www.linux.gr,

  o  http://www.linuxgr.org,

  o  http://www.compulink.gr/linux/

  Episnmo pleov FTP site gia oti afora Ellnves kai Ellnvika sto Linux
  ftp://argeas.argos.hol.gr/pub/unix/linux/GREEK/


  8.4.2.  Komboi me diavomes tou Linux


  o  NTUA - /pub/linux

  o  Forthnet - /pub/linux

  o  Compulink /pub/linux


  8.4.3.  Komboi tns Allodapns :-)


  o  http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/ Edw stegazetai to Linux Documentation
     Project, to kevtriko snmeio tekmnriwsns tou Linux (bl. ``'')

  o  http://www.linux.org/ Auto eivai to linux.org. 8ewrntika 8a eprepe
     apo edw va pngaivei kaveis grngora opoudnpote, alla auto dev
     sumbaivei pavta stnv pra3n

  o  http://www.li.org/ Edw brisketai to Linux International

  o  http://www.linuxnow.com O kombos autos eivai kaivourios kai arketa
     orgavwmevos. Periexei SOFTWARE,HOWTOs,FAQs, klp.

  o  http://www.ssc.com/linux/ H SSC, eivai mia etaireia pou asxoleitai
     emporika me to Linux. Edw eivai o kombos tns

  o  http://www.ssc.com/lj/ H selida tou Linux Journal, mnviaiou
     amerikavikou periodikou gia to Linux

  o  http://www.ssc.com/lg/ H selida tou Linux Gazette, mnviaiou
     nlektrovikou periodikou gia to Linux

  o  http://www.ssc.com/linews/index.html Epikefalides eidnsewv.

  o  http://www.linuxware.com/ Kombos stnmevos me linux, gematos me
     xrnstes tou leitourgikou.

  o  http://www.linuxmall.com/ Autos o kombos eivai eva emporiko kevtro
     afierwmevo sto Linux.

  o  http://www.yahoo.com/Computers_and_Internet/Operating_Systems/Unix/Linux/
     H selida tou 8ematikou euretnriou tou Yahoo gia to Linux. Exei
     arketa pragmata.


  8.5.  Diavomes kai CD

  To Linux epeidn eivai ftiagmevo apo pollous kai xwris kevtrikn
  orgavwsn, dia8etei polles "diavomes" (distributions), ka8e mia me ta
  dika tns xaraktnristika kai oxi aparaitnta kalutern se ola apo tis
  alles:

  o  Slackware Eivai n pio suvn8ismevn. H teleutaia ekdosn (11/97) eivai
     n 3.4.  Bl. http://www.slackware.org

  o  Redhat Exei grafiko periballov egkatastasns kai eivai pio polu gia
     arxarious.  Episns n egkatastasn ekkiveitai eukola apo DOS,
     grafovtas apla REDHAT.  Megaln eukolia eivai to RPM pou epitrepei
     eukoln (ap)egkatastasn efarmogwv. Blepe http://www.redhat.com

  o  Debian Legetai kai GNU/Linux kai idiaitero xaraktnristiko eivai oti
     eivai upo tnv epibleyn tns GNU. Deite: http://www.debian.org

  o  Hellenic Ellnvikn diavomn, apo tnv Synaptic Ltd "Software
     Development & Trade".      H diavomn autn exei e3avtln8ei kai eivai
     sxetika palia.

  o  OpenLinux Apo tnv Caldera.  Deite
     http://www.caldera.com/products/openlinux.html

  o  Yggdrasil To prwto plug-n-play Linux. Deite:
     http://www.yggdrasil.com

  o  Suse H pio megaln se pwlnseis stnv Eurwpn. Uparxei se germavikn kai
     agglikn distribution.  Deite: http://www.suse.com

  Apo tis diavomes autes prokuptouv kai ta avtistoixa CD:

  o  Walnut Creek (http://www.cdrom.com) Exei to Slackware.

  o  Redhat (http://www.redhat.com Exei tnv omwvumn diavomn. Teleutaia
     ekdosn n 4.2

  o  Infomagic http://www.infomagic.com Exei ta 2 parapavw, tnv Debian
     KAI tous katalogous tou sunsite.unc.edu kai tsx-11.mit.edu.
     Legetai "Linux Developer's Resource" kai exei 6 CD. (Kitrivn, n
     ekdosn 8/97). Suvistatai avepifulakta.

     { 8.5 Shmeiwteon oti o Linus trexei kyriws Redhat opws dhlwse se
     prosfath synenteykhs toy. Telytaia RedHat = 5.  H Debian epishs
     einai poly aksiologh dianomh.  }


  8.6.  Bibliopwleia kai diavomeis twv CD

  To Linux se CD to briskei kaveis sta e3ns katastnmata:

  A8HNA:


  o  Ekdoseis Kleidari8mos, Stourvarn 37, TK10682, A8HNA, 3829629,
     3841021, 3300104 (http://www.klidarithmos.gr)

  o  Papaswtnriou A.E., Stourvarn 3, TK10682, A8HNA, 3809821, 3848254
     (http://www.papasotiriou.gr)

  o  Papaswtnriou A.E., Kolokwtrwvn 10, Emp. Kevtro Kerasies Knfisias,
     6231854 (http://www.papasotiriou.gr)

  o  Vertigo EPE, Mpotasn 6, TK10682, A8HNA, 3824536, 3806801 (+FAX)

  8ESSALONIKH:

  o  Papaswtnriou A.E., E8v. Amuvns 40, 243660
     (http://www.papasotiriou.gr)

  PATRA:

  o  Papaswtnriou A.E.

     H parapavw lista evdexomevws dev eivai plnrns.  Eav gvwrizete
     kapoia stoixeia pou mou eivai agvwsta n avakribn, parakalw
     evnmerwste me.


  9.  FAQ


  9.1.  Ti prepei va kavw gia va egkatastnsw to Linux stov H/U mou;

  Quickstart gia Ellnves xrnstes

  As upo8esoume oti egka8istoume tnv diavomn slackware:

  o  Epibebaiwse oti to sustnma sou exei xwro ( Proteivetai 1 partition
     512Mb )

  o  Promn8eusou to apo kapoio FTP site (bl. ``'') n agorase to se CDROM
     (bl. ``'') (kalutera to teleutaio).  Proteivetai to Slackware 3.3,
     sto Developer's Resource tns Infomagic.

  o  Ftia3e tnv Boot kai tnv Root disketa {5 Lepta}

  o  3ekiva tnv egkatastasn.  Eav eisai arxarios, kalov 8a eivai va
     epile3eis Typical Installation.  Ru8mise to Lilo gia va kaveis
     reboot.  {30 Lepta}

  o  Epavekkivnse to sustnma kai mpes sto Linux, gia prwtn fora, sav
     root (dev 8elei password) {2 Lepta}

  o  Alla3e to root password

  Autnv tn stigmn exeis eva sustnma Unix pou douleuei, alla prepei va
  kaveis akoma ta e3ns:


  o  Pngaive stov upokatalogo /usr/src/linux, kai ftia3e purnva gia to
     mnxavnma sou.  {10+20 Lepta}

  o  Egkatestnse tov veo purnva me to Lilo, kai epavekkivnse to sustnma
     sou {5 Lepta}

  o  Tre3e to script XF86config, kai ftia3e to arxeio /etc/XF86config.
     Twra exeis Xwindows (dokimase X -probeonly, startx)


  o  Egkatestnse ellnvika se kovsola kai Xwindows {15 Lepta}

     Proairetika:

  o  Eav suvdeesai me to Internet me dial-up, katebase kai egkatestnse
     to Netscape Communicator gia browser, mailer, news reader. H
     teleutaia ekdosn eivai edw:
     ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/www/Netscape/communicator/4.03/shipping/english/unix/linux20/
     Ru8mise ta ellnvika tou.

  o  XISP gia va suvdeesai sto Internet eukola. Eivai polu kalo kai
     eivai kai Ellnva (Petros Mpouras).

  o  Egkatestnse tov ektupwtn sou. H diadikasia diaferei apo periptwsn
     se periptwsn, alla sxedov pavta xreiazetai to Ghostscript. Xrnsimo
     eivai to a2ps.

  o  Egkatestnse paketa pou se evdiaferouv opws Word processors,
     sxediastika, klp.  Pi8avotata 8a breis polu boliko gia epe3ergasia
     keimevou to Nedit.

  o  Mnv 3exaseis va ri3eis mia matia sta alla FAQs kai HOWTOs (eivai
     sta agglika)

  o  Osoi exouv suvn8isei tov Norton Commander sto DOS, 8a epitaxuvouv
     polu tnv ergasia tous me tov Midnight Commander.

  o  Osoi eivai pragmatika polu suvn8ismevoi sto DOS, mporouv va tre3ouv
     tov DOS emulator (DOSEMU) tou Linux, me tov opoio 8a eivai duvatov
     va tre3ouv efarmoges DOS, katw apo Linux. Dev uparxei kaveva
     problnma me ta ellnvika tou DOS.

  o  Osoi 8elouv efarmoges Windows uparxei gia autous to Wabi apo tnv
     Sun, pou trexei pln8wra efarmogwv sumperilambavomevou kai tou
     Office. To Wabi omws stoixizei 200$.

  o  Gia window manager proteivoume to KDE: http://www.kde.org/

  o  Evas polu kalos window manager gia ta Xwindows eivai o
     enlightenment: http://www.rasterman.com/

  o  Evas polu kalos filemanager eivai o linux explorer:
     http://jungfrau.ptf.hro.nl/explorer/


  9.2.  Pws 8a 3eperasw tis duskolies pou 8a suvavtnsw;

  Eav suvavtnseis problnmata, oi Ellnves xrnstes 8a xarouv polu va se
  bon8nsouv mesa apo ta newsgroups n ta sxetika IRC channels.  (bl. ``''
  ) Episns apo ekei 8a pareis sumboules, gia to pws 8a ru8miseis swsta
  to sustnma sou.


  9.3.  Ti uparxei akoma sto Internet sxetika me ellnvika;

  Xrnsimoi suvdesmoi sto Internet:

  o  Hellenic Resources Institute (HRI) http://www.hri.org

  o  Fonts in HRI http://www.hri.org/fonts/unix/pinakec.html

  o  HCR : Hellenic Computing Resources by A.Haritsis.
     ftp://dolphin.doc.ic.ac.uk/pub/greek/

  o  Unicode Organization http://www.unicode.org

  o  Linux Locales MiniHOWTO
     ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/doc/HOWTO/mini/locales

  o  NLS utilities for Linux ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/utils/nls

  o  I18N on WWW http://www.vlsivie.tuwien.ac.at/mike/i18n.html

  o  ISO fonts ftp://ftp.vlsivie.tuwien.ac.at/pub/8bit/ISO-fonts

  o  International fonts ftp://ftp.vlsivie.tuwien.ac.at/pub/8bit/i18n-
     fonts

  o  Using 8 bit characters ftp://ftp.ulg.ac.be/pub/docs/iso8859/

  o  ISO-8859 sets http://wwwwbs.cs.tu-berlin.de/~czyborra/charsets/

  o  Much charactersets info (kermit?)
     ftp://kermit.columbia.edu/kermit/charsets/

  o  http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/

  o  http://www.ora.com/homepages/comp.fonts/


  9.4.  Uparxouv alla eleu8era Unix;

  Sto xwro tou Unix exoume ta e3ns eleu8erns xrnsns leitourgika:

  o  Linux

  o  FreeBSD

  o  NetBSD

  o  OpenBSD

  o  GNU Hurd

  o  VsTA


  9.5.  Ti kivntra exw gia va egkatastnsw to Linux;

  Eav 8elete eva a3iopisto leitourgiko sustnma, me kaln apodosn, xwris
  kolnmata kai pln8wra efarmogwv kai dev fobaste eva kaivourio
  periballov ergasias, tote to Linux eivai gia esas.  Mporeite px me
  ?.000drx va to agorasete se 6 CD, mazi me tis polles efarmoges tou.

  To Linux eivai eva ka8ara 32bit Leitourgiko Sustnma, me
  poluepe3ergastikes (multitasking) duvatotntes.  Stnv pra3n auto
  snmaivei, oti mporeite va trexete polles efarmoges tautoxrova, xwris
  kivduvo va "kremasei" o upologistns.  To Linux exei:

  o  kalutern a3iopoinsn tou sustnmatos apo to DOS, Win 3.x

  o  kalutero multitasking apo ta Windows 95,

  o  kalutern apodosn apo ta Windows NT,

  o  polles efarmoges se sugkrisn me to OS/2.

     To Linux ws gvnsio Unix, exei eggevws ulopoinmevo to TCP/IP, to
     prwtokollo tou Internet.  Eivai katallnlo gia diktuakes efarmoges,
     kai mporei va douleyei me a3iopistia ws dromologntns n proxy.
     Upostnrizei TCP/IP & SPX/IPX, SNMP & RIP, NCP, SMB.  Ws server
     eivai polu duvato se oles autes tis periptwseis: file server,
     printer server, web server, ftp server, news server, mail (pop)
     server. Mporei va avtikatastnsei eva sustnma me Windows NT n Novell
     Netware DIAFANA gia tous clients.  To Linux eivai suvufasmevo me to
     GNU project. To GNU ekfrazei mia filosofia suvergasias, opou
     kapoios pou grafei eva programma to dia8etei se olous aveu amoibns.
     Apotelesma autou eivai n eleu8ern avtigrafn tou, kai oti eivai
     dwreav. Stnv periptwsn twv CD, plnrwvei kaveis movo to kostos tous.


  9.6.  Ti HARDWARE upostnrizetai;

  Deite to sxetiko HOWTO: http://users.bart.nl/~patrickr/hardware-
  howto/Hardware-HOWTO.html


  9.7.  Ti SOFTWARE upostnrizetai;

  To Linux Software Map (LSM) exei olo to uparxov logismiko.  Mporeite
  va kavete kai avazntnsn me le3eis kleidia.
  http://www.boutell.com/lsm/

  Episns polu dnmofileis eivai kai oi selides tou Bill Latura:
  http://www.xnet.com/~blatura/linapps.shtml


  9.8.  Ti sumbatotnta exw me alla leitourgika kai alles efarmoges;

  Kat' arxnv to Linux diabazei ola ta fileystems twv allwv leitourgikwv
  (FAT, VFAT, FAT32, NTFS, HPFS, HFS, ISO9660, Rock-Ridge, Joliet).

  o  To DOSEMU 8a sas epitreyei va douleyete me efarmoges tou DOS pou
     trexouv se eikovikes mnxaves upo tov elegxo tou purnva.

  o  To WABI 8a sas epitreyei va tre3ete 16bit efarmoges twv WIN3.11,
     alla stoixizei 199$ To WINE kavei tnv idia douleia dwreav, alla oxi
     toso kala.

  o  To Executor mporei va tre3ei efarmoges gia Macintosh.

     Eav apo8nkeuete ta dedomeva sas xrnsimopoiwvtas avoixta protupa
     (txt, dbf, html, rtf), 8a breite toulaxistov eva ergaleio gia va
     douleyete me auta, eav oxi...


  9.9.  Diaforoi tupoi arxeiwv


      .txt, .doc
        Avaloga me tnv periptwsn, blepe ``''

      .dbf
        Suvn8ws eivai 737, 8elouv prosoxn stnv metatropn, afnste to gia
        kava guru.

      .diz,
        Suvn8ws eivai 737, blepe ``''

      .html,
        Prepei va eivai 928, kai faivovtai kavovika.

      .mov, .avi
        Av exei upotitlous sta ellnvika, 8a eivai OK :-)

      .exe, .com
        peta3te ta

  9.10.  Pws 3ekivnse to Linux;

  To Linux eivai ousiastika movo o purnvas tou Leitourgikou sustnmatos,
  kai 3ekivnse to 1990 apo evav fivlavdo tov Linus Torvalds, sav idea
  peiramatismou stov tote kaivourio 386.  Polu ektevns avalusn, alla sta
  agglika, uparxei edw: http://www.vu.org/channel25/today/lesson-1.html


  9.11.  Ti eivai to compile tou purnva;

  Sto Linux tov purnva prepei kaveis va to ftia3ei o idios.  Av kai
  mporei suxva kaveis va douleyei me evav etoimo, eivai kalo va ftia3ei
  evav purnva prosarmosmevo sto sustnma tou, gia va kavei tnv megistn
  xrnsn tou.  Oi evtoles pou xreiazovtai gia eva kalo compile eivai:

  cd /usr/src/linux
  make config     # n make menuconfig n make xconfig
  make dep
  make clean
  make zlilo
  make modules
  lilo            # prosoxn va uparxouv oi swstes ru8miseis
  make modules_install


  Eva reboot, 8a balei tov veo purnva se xrnsn...


  9.12.  Ti eivai auto to SIG11;

  To SIG11 eivai ousiastika eva sfalma prostasias (Protection Fault).
  Eivai arketa pi8avo va sumbei tnv wra pou ftiaxvoume purnva kai n
  aitia eivai oti to sustnma ekeivn tnv wra zorizetai. Polla SIG11
  snmaivouv kako uliko n problnmata sumbatotntas me tnv mvnmn,tov
  epe3ergastn, tnv mntrikn.  Gia perissoteres plnrofories, deite:
  http://www.bitwizard.nl/sig11/


  9.13.  Orologia


     i18n
        I{-- 18 letters --}n = Internationalization

     e13n
        Europeanization

     l10n
        Localization

     ANSI
        American National Standards Institute, the US member of ISO

     ASCII
        American Standard Code of Information Interchange

     CP Code Page

     CP850
        Code Page 850, the most widely used MS DOS code page

     CR Carriage Return

     CTAN server
        Comprehensive TeX Archive Network, the world's largest
        repository for TeX related material. It consists of three sites
        mirrowing each other: ftp.shsu.edu, ftp.tex.ac.uk, ftp.dante.de.
        The current configuration, including known mirrows, can be
        obtained by fingering ctan_us@ftp.shsu.edu

     DEC
        Digital Equipment Corp.

     DIN
        Deutsche Industrie Norm (German Industry Norm)

     DOS
        Disk Operating System

     EBCDIC
        Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code ---a proprietary
        IBM character set used on mainframes

     ECMA
        European Computer Manufacturer's Association

     emacs
        Editing Macros, a family of popular text editors

     ESMTP
        Enhanced SMTP

     Esperanto
        A synthetic, universal language developed by Dr. Zamenhof in
        1887.

     FSF
        Free Software Foundation

     FTP
        File Transmission Protocol

     GNU
        GNU's not Unix, an FSF project

     GPL
        General Public License

     HP Hewlett Packard

     HP UX       /HP Unix

     IBM
        International Business Machines Corp.

     IEEE
        Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

     INRIA
        Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et Automation

     IP Internet Protocol

     ISO
        International Standards Organization

     KOI8
        ???---a popular encoding for Cyrillic on UNIX workstations

     eX{}
        A macro package for \TeX{}

     LF Linefeed

     MCS
        DEC's Multilingual Character Set---the ISO 8859--1 draft
        standard

     MIME
        Multi-Purpose Internet Mail Extension

     MS-DOS
        Microsoft's program loader

     MTA
        mail transfer agent

     MUA
        mail user agent

     OS Operating System

     OSF
        the Open Software Foundation

     OSF1
        the Open Software Foundation's Unix, Revision 1

     PGP
        Pretty Good Privacy, an encryption package

     POSIX
        Portable Operating System Interface (an IEEE UNIX standard)

     PS PostScript, Adobe's printer language

     RFC
        Request for Comment, an Internet standard

     sed
        stream editor, a UNIX file manipulation utility

     SMTP
        Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

     TCP
        Transmission Control Protocol

     TeX{}
        Donald Knuth's typesetting program

     UDP
        User Datagram Protocol

     URL
        a WWW Uniform Resource Locator

     US-ASCII
        the US national variant of ISO 646, see ASCII

     VMS
        Virtual Memory System---DEC's proprietary OS

     W3 WWW

     WWW
        World Wide Web

     X11
        X Window System


  10.  TODO



  10.1.  KDE

  O Pavagiwtns Bruwvns <vrypan@hol.gr> exei 3ekivnsei tnv metaglwttisn
  tou KDE, evos grafikou periballovtos gia Linux/Unix. Deite sxetika:
  http://users.hol.gr/~vrypan/cactus/kde.html, H ergasia autn eivai polu
  snmavtikn ka8ws ola deixvouv oti to KDE 8a epikratnsei gia eva megalo
  xroviko diastnma, suvdiazovtas eukolies pou parexovtai se alla grafika
  periballovta, opws to drag'n'drop, polla xrnsima utilities me koiva
  xaraktnristika (copy-paste), eukolia xeirismou klp.


  10.2.  csh/tcsh

  { export LANG=el_GR export LC_CTYPE=iso-8859-7 }

  { stty cs8 -istrip -parenb }

  { tcsh : Put the following in your /etc/csh.cshrc or .tcshrc file

  setenv LC_CTYPE iso_8859_7 stty pass8

  Note: If this doesn't work your copy of tcsh was probably not compiled
  with NLS support or possibly it's version 6.03 or lower.

  ftp://tesla.ee.cornell.edu/pub/tcsh.  DEN DOULEUEI (tcsh 6.06.00
  13-5-95, options 8b, nls, dl ,al, sm)(???)  }



  10.3.  elm

  { elm: Set the following environment variables

            LANG=C
            LC_CTYPE=iso_8859_7


  Some versions of elm require that you put the following definitions in
  your  /.elm/elmrc/ file:

            charset = iso-8859-7
            displaycharset = iso-8859-7
            textencoding = 8bit


  Kai to palio-kalo elm yposthrizei ellhnika, me ton katallhlo editor.
  Epishs yparxei mia nekranasthmenh ekdosh poy yposthrizei kai alla
  kaloydia, to elm-me: ftp://ftp.ozone.fmi.fi/KEH


  { -Me elm 2.4PL5, DEN DOULEYE- OXI PANTA TOYLAXISTON (???) }



  10.4.  metamail

  { To configure the metamail package for ISO 8859-7 input/output, set
  the MM_CHARSET environment variable with "setenv MM_CHARSET
  ISO-8859-7".  Also, set the MM_AUXCHARSETS variable with "setenv
  MM_AUXCHARSETS iso-8859-7" } (???)



  10.5.  nn

  { Add the line ----------------- set data-bits 8 ----------------- to
  your  /.nn/init (or the global configuration file) in order for nn to
  be able to process 8 bit characters } (???)



  10.6.  tin

  (???)


  10.7.  nroff/groff

  { The GNU replacement for nroff, groff, has an option to generate ISO
  8859-1 coded output, instead of plain ASCII.  Thus, you can preview
  nroff documents with correctly displayed accented characters.  Invoke
  groff with the "groff -Tlatin1" option to achieve this.

  Groff is free software. It is available from URL
  ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu and many other GNU archives around the
  world.  } Gia to GROFF, doyleyei o Giwrgos o Keramidas (???)


  10.8.  samba

  { To make samba work with ISO 8859-1, use the following line in the

  [global] section:
  valid chars     = 0xa0 0xa1 0xa2 0xa3 0xa4 0xa5 0xa6 0xa7 0xa8 0xa9 0xaa 0xab 0xac 0xad 0xae 0xaf 0xb0 0xb1 0xb2 0xb3 0xb4 0xb5 0xb6 0xb7 0xb8 0xb9 0xba 0xbb 0xbc 0xbd 0xbe 0xbf 0xc0:0xe0 0xc1:0xe1 0xc2:0xe2 0xc3:0xe3 0xc4:0xe4 0xc5:0xe5 0xc6:0xe6 0xc7:0xe7 0xc8:0xe8 0xc9:0xe9 0xca:0xea 0xcb:0xeb 0xcc:0xec 0xcd:0xed 0xce:0xee 0xcf:0xef 0xd0:0xf0 0xd1:0xf1 0xd2:0xf2 0xd3:0xf3 0xd4:0xf4 0xd5:0xf5 0xd6:0xf6 0xd7 0xf7 0xd8:0xf8 0xd9:0xf9 0xda:0xfa 0xdb:0xfb 0xdc:0xfc 0xdd:0xfd 0xde:0xfe 0xdf 0xff


  } (???)


  10.9.  vim,viH
























  Den doyleyoyn oloi oi vi 8-bit, oyte deixnoyn ta ellhnika svsta:

  Yparxei enas (toylaxisto) vi clone poy legetai vim (vi improved)



          http://www.math.fu-berlin.de/~guckes/vim/

          ftp://ftp.oce.nl/pub/misc/vim



  Aytos ektos apo alla kaloydia, einai 8-bit clean kai exei kai ena

  language feature, to opoio energopoieitai dior8vnontas to arxeio

          src/feature.h



  Ekei poy leei:

          #if 0

          # define HAVE_LANGMAP

          #endif

  to kanoyme bebaia

          #if 1

          # define HAVE_LANGMAP

          #endif



  Meta bazoyme sto ~/.vimrc to parakatv:

  ----- .vimrc CUT -----

  version 4.6

  set langmap=AAAAA?CEEEEIIII?NOOOOO?OUaaaaa?ceeeeiiii?nooooo?ou;ABGDEZHUIKLMNJOPRWSTYFXCVabgdezhuiklmnjoprwstyfxcv

  ----- END OF .vimrc CUT-----

  kai meta oi entoles poy dinoyme sto vi mporei na einai kai me ellhnika grammata.

  (kserete ti spasimo einai na exeis to plhktrologio gyrismeno sta ellhnika

  kai na mhn dexetai entoles).




  10.10.  mtools


  Deixnoyn, ypoti8etai, ellhnikoys xarakthres an baloyme to parakatv sto
   /.mtoolsrc h sto /etc/mtools.conf:

  country="30,737,/dosfs/c/win/command/country.sys"


  Mallon 8a yparxei mperdema me ta ellhnika (737 h 928?)  Den to exv
  dokimasei.


  10.11.  grpty


  Akoma ena programma gia na grafei kaneis ellhnika se mh grafika
  programmata (doyleyei kai se linux, alla kai se solaris).

  http://www.softlab.ntua.gr/ akav/grpty

  Antonios.Kavarnos@hpc.ntua.gr


  10.12.  pcal

  { Ftiaxnei Postscript calendars se 7 diaforetikes glwsses. To
  internationalisation toy pcal egine apo ton A.Haritsis
  <ah@computer.org> kai erxetai me sxedon plhres ellhniko eortologio (me
  kinhtes kai akintes eortes aytomata topothetoymenes).  Ta hmerologia
  poy paragontai einai highly customisable (mporei kaneis eykola na
  balei proswpikes hmeromhnies).  Yparxei kai ena WWW front-end sto:
  http://www-asds.doc.ic.ac.uk/cgi-bin/grcal Ta latest sources toy pcal
  einai sto: http://uptown.turnpike.net/ rogers/ }


  10.13.  kermit

  { kermit : This is as close as I can get, but not completely
  satisfying yet: Put the following in your  /.kermrc file

            set terminal bytesize 8
            set command bytesize 8
            set file bytesize 8
            set language danish
            set file character-set latin1-iso
            set transfer character-set latin1-iso
            set terminal character-set latin1-iso


  I think there are more variables to set, but they are hiding. You
  would have to modify these settings if the remote system is DOS or
  OS/2 based.  (???) }


  10.14.  SHMEIWSEIS



















  {tty -s}

  {
  <item><htmlurl url="" name="">
  }
  {
         "language"_"country"."character_encoding"
          el_GR.8859-7

  It looks as if "language" is the two-letter code for the language from
  ISO 639, and "country" is the two-letter code for the country from ISO
  3166, but I don't know of any standard specifying "character_encoding".

  RFC 1345

  Final comment:
  Prospathise kapou sto HOWTO soy na entharyneis toy mellontes patchers
  na kanoyn oso ginetai kalyterh doyleia kai na prosferoyn ta patches
  toys sto mainline source toy package poy "peirazoyn". Etsi ola ta
  mellontika releases toy package tha yposthrizoyn  th doyleia toys.
  Ligos parapanw kopos alla antoxh sto xrono!

  Angelos Haritsis <ah@computer.org>
  }

  {
  To sgml2html htan ok. A na po oti ekana mia allagh  sthn consola gia ta
  ellhnika (to paketo me to chcp enos apo thn patra) kai ka8e fora pou trexo
  thn perl mou bgazei:
  perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
  perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
          LC_ALL = (unset),
          LC_CTYPE = "iso_8859_7",
          LANG = (unset)
      are supported and installed on your system.
  perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
  ---------
  Prepei na dwseis sgml2txt --charset=latin.

  Panayotis.
  -----------

  H alln lusn (pio hackeradikn) eivai va kaveis to GROFF sou (to basiko
  ergaleio pou xrnsimopoieitai apo to sgml2txt) va katalabaivei OLOUS
  tous 8-bit characters, pairvovtas to SHAR pou stelvw parakatw kai
  kavovtas oti leei to README tou.

  Giorgos.

  --- cut here : shell archive follows ---
  #!/bin/sh
  [...]exit 0

  }












