    

  Jeff Tranter, jeff_tranter@pobox.com, :  alloy
  ing@nownuri.net
  v1.18, 1997 11 1, : 1997 11 25

        ̴. Ǵ ϵ Ŀ
  ̹  (configure)ϴ ׸ 󵵰   
  亯  Ե ̴.    ο    
    ̻ ø  ׷ ϸ Ʈ
  ϴ  ̰ ϴ ̴.
  ______________________________________________________________________

   

  1.      ϸ鼭

  1.1.     

  1.2.    ̱ õ

  1.3.      ο 

  1.4.    Feedback

  1.5.    Distribution Policy

  2.       ī  (Sound Card Technology)

  3.      Ǵ ϵ

  3.1.     ī

  3.2.    Ǵٸ  ̹

  3.3.    PC Speaker

  3.4.     Ʈ

  4.      ġ(Installation)

  4.1.     ī ġ

  4.2.    Ŀ (Configuring the Kernel)

  4.3.    ̽  

  4.4.    Booting Linux and Testing the Installation

  4.5.    ذ(Troubleshooting

  4.5.1.  ܰ 1:  ۵ϴ Ŀ   
  Ŀ Ȯ϶.

  4.5.2.  ܰ 2: Ŀ  ̹  Ǿ Ȯ϶.

  4.5.3.  ܰ 3: ϴ  Ŀ  ī带  Ͽ°?

  4.5.4.  ܰ 4: dsp ̽κ Ÿ   ִ°?

  5.      带 ϴ α׷

  6.      󵵰    亯 (Answers To Frequently Asked
  Questions)

  6.1.      ̽  ΰ?

  6.2.       ϴ°?

  6.3.      ϴ°?

  6.4.    ϳ ̻  ī带   ִ°?

  6.5.    Error: No such file or directory for sound devices

  6.6.    Error: No such device for sound devices

  6.7.    Error: No space left on device for sound devices

  6.8.    Error: Device busy for sound devices

  6.9.     device busy error  ǥõȴ

  6.10.   Partial playback of digitized sound file

  6.11.   MOD      ߻Ѵ

  6.12.   Compile errors when compling sound applications

  6.13.   SEGV when running sound binaries that worked previously

  6.14.    ̹ ˷ ׳ Ѱ(limitation) ԵǾ
  ִ°?

  6.15.    ̹ ioctls()   ִ°?

  6.16.    ֳ  Ϸ ŭ CPU ڿ ʿѰ?

  6.17.   PAS16  Adaptec 1542 SCSI host ͸    

  6.18.    ÿ а   Ѱ?

  6.19.    SB16 IRQ 2 Ѵ, ׷   
  ʴ´.

  6.20.    AWE32 Ǵ 귡16 ASP  Ǵ°?

  6.21.    ϴٰ     ų 
  α׷  ۵ ʴ´.

  6.22.    DOOM ų  

  6.23.   (noise)  ϸ   ִ°?

  6.24.   带      .

  6.25.    "ȣȯ"  ī MS-DOS  ʱȭ Ѿ
   ۵Ѵ.

  6.26.   16 Ʈ Ϳ ȣȯǴ  ī尡 
   8 Ʈ ۵Ѵ.

  6.27.     α׷    ִ?

  6.28.    ̹ Ż  (loadable module)μ  
   ִ°?

  6.29.   system console beep ſ  ī带   ִ°?

  6.30.   VoxWare  ΰ?

  6.31.   ÷  ÷  ī带 ϴ°?

  6.32.   Sox/Play/Vplay reports "invalid block size 1024"

  6.33.    ̹   α׷  ϴ°?

  6.34.    ̹  ε  ͼ  µȴ.

  6.35.   Ʈ    쿡 带   ִ.

  6.36.   IBM ThinkPad   ġ Ǵ°?

  7.      
  ______________________________________________________________________

  1.  ϸ鼭

    Linux Sound HOWTO ̴.    
  ʿ  ġ    ٷ  ̿ ΰ
  ڷ Ȱ    ̴.  ȯ濡 忡  
     亯    ī  ǻ ǵ
  õ پ       ̴.

   ۿ ٷ   õ  ī忡  ̴.
   ī Ǵ ǻ ǵ  Ϲ  
  ڷ ϸ  ̴.

  1.1.   

     κ  ̹ ҽ ڵ Բ  
  Ͽ ̸ ۼ Hannu Savolainen (hannu@voxware.pp.fi)
    ϰ Ѵ. Ӹ ƴ϶  Ŀ  ̹
  ƿƼ   ٸ 鿡Ե 縦 ǥѴ.

  ׸ SGML-Tools Ű( ̸:Linuxdoc-SGML) п  HOWTO
      ȯ ϰ Ǿ 
  Ѵ.

  1.2.  ̱ õ

     1.1 
        ù° ;Linux activists mailing list  äο Խ

     1.2 
        ణ  ; ftp Ͽ ͳݻ󿡼 ù°  
         ְ 

     1.3 
          SGML  ȯ; Matt Welsh SGML-Tools Ͽ
           ȯ ;  ణ  ȭ

     1.4 
          SGML  ణ ħ; PAS16  Adaptec1542A SCSI
        adaptor  ȭ(incompatibilities)  亯

     1.5 
        2.5a  ̹ 1.1 Ŀο ; GUS-MAX  
        ּ; ణ  

     1.6 
        "no space on device"   ; Hecker's Guide 
        "hidden" 丮 ִٴ ּ; ֹ (bidirectional
        mode)  亯; "device busy"   ;   ణ
         ȭ

     1.7 
        ASP  AWE32  ; VoxWare 2.9  ; IRQ 2
        뿡  亯; Sound  SCSI HOWTO   ڷ

     1.8 
        DOS   亯; 2.90  ̹ °  ;
        DOOM  ; (noise) ҿ  亯

     1.9 
        (recording)  ȣȯ ī(clone card)  亯

     1.10 
         HOWTO  μ⺻  WWW 󿡼   ; QIC
         ̹ DMA 浹  ; Sound Galaxy NX Pro 
        Logitech BusMouse  

     1.11 
          ;   GPLϿ ; 3.0  ̹
        °  ;  Ǵ  ̹  ;
         (configuration)  ذ(troubleshooting)   
        ;  HTML ũ ߰; CD-ROM HOWTO İ  

     1.12 
        1.3.34 Ŀ ο  ̹; ο  ̽
        ̸; 1542 ּ(address) 333 ƴ϶ 334; Creative Labs Emu
         ASP Ȳ Ȯ ; Creative Labs  MediaTrix 
        Ʈ

     1.13 
        VoxWare ̸  ּ; Ǵ  ī忡  ֽ ڷ
          ɼ; Plug and Play   亯;  ũ 
         亯; ο xconfig  menuconfig ɼ; modutils 
        ̽ ; vger mailing list  ;   Ʈ;
          ణ  ȭ

     1.14 
        Audio Excell DSP16   (  ȿ ٽ 
        ); (configure) α׷ ȭ;   ¸ ;
          ø  mixer gain   ; ֽ 
        Ŀ  2.0;  ̹ ο ̸;  ̽
         Ʈ ѿ  亯

     1.15 
        ſ  ǰų  ʿ  ;  ο ڿ
        ּ; ֽ Ʈ Ű   ִ  ũ;
        Ƽ̵      ; ణ ö  
        

     1.16 
            ; added six month "best before" date; å
          ο URL;  ǿ  ũ; ö  
        

     1.17 
          ߱ ;  ٸ GUS ̹; packet radio modem;
        Linux Multimedia guide  Ҿ  Ϻ ; õ mini-HOWTO;
        IBM Thinkpad   

     1.18 
          ѱ ; MIPs    ߰; 
         ī ġ   ; fuser root 
        Ѿ ϴ 

  1.3.    ο 

    ο   comp.os.linux.answers ׷쿡
  Խõȴ.  <ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/> 
   anonymous ftp Ʈ ã   ̴.

  <http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/mdw.html>   Ʈ
  ؽƮ   HOWTO  ã   ̴. CD-
  ROM Ǵ  ǿ HOWTO  ԵǾ 
  /usr/doc/  ã  ִ. ׸ Ǹڷκ μ HOWTO 
    ִ.

    Ҿ  <ftp://ftp.ibp.fr/pub2/linux/french/docs/HOWTO/>
  

  Ϻ  <http://yebisu.ics.es.osaka-u.ac.jp/linux/> 

  ¸  <http://www.psico.unipd.it/ildp/docs/HOWTO/Sound-
  HOWTO.html>

  ξ  <http://www.insflug.nova.es/howtos/online/sonido/sonido-
  COMO.html>

  ߱  <http://linux.ntcic.edu.tw/~yorkwu/linux/howto/sound/>.

  ѱ  <http://members.iWorld.net/mangchi/HOWTO/Sound-HOWTO.html>
   ã  ִ.

     κ HOWTO 
  <http://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/translations/> 
  <ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/translations/>  ã
   ִ.

     ٸ  ̱ Ѵٸ ڿԵ  
  ˷ֱ ٶ. ׷    ǿ  ǿ Ͽ
   ̴.

  1.4.  Feedback

    ְ    е鿡 ޷ִ. е
  ϰ  ̳ ؾ   ִٸ  ޶,
  jeff_tranter@pobox.com, ׷  ǿ    Ű
   ̴.

  ڴ   ī忡  Ϲ  ּ Ͽ
  亯Ϸ ϰ ִ. ׷  ϱ,  HOWTO 
  о,  Ŀ  ش ã  ٸ   
  ڼ   ޶. ׸  ̿ ۷
  ýۿ  ī带  ϴ   
  Ѵ.

  CD-ROM  Ǵ μ⺻ ·   Ѵٸ ڿԵ
  װ ָ   ̴.  ּҸ  
    ˷ְڴ.  Linux Documentation Porject ϴ
  ͵    ޶.   ڼ  Linux HOWTO ڵ Greg
  Hankins ( <mailto:gregh@sunsite.unc.edu>)  غ.

  1.5.  Distribution Policy

  Copyright  (C) 1996 Jeff Tranter.

   HOWTO free ̴; Free Software Foundation Ͽ 
  Ǿٽ GNU General Public License Ͽ    ϰų
    ִ

     ̶ Ͽ   Ȳ ؼ
   (warranty)    .  ڼ  GNU General Public
  License о.

  Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139,
  USA,    ûϸ GNU General Public License  纻
    ִ.

  2.   ī  (Sound Card Technology)

    ڿ   ϴµ  ֱ  ǻ 
    ſ   ϰڴ.     
   Ǵ Ż ȣ ó  å  ؾ ̴.

  Ҹ Ƴα (analog) ̴;  Ҹ   
    شѴ. ǻʹ  (digital) ̴; ǻʹ
  ҿ (ܼ)  ٷ⸦ Ѵ.  ī Analog to
  Digital Converter (A/D Ǵ ADC) ̶ ϴ ġ Ѵ. ̰
  ϴ  Ƴα Ҹ (ȮϰԴ ױ⿡ شϴ ) 
  ޸𸮿   ִ  Ǵ ġ ȯŰ ̴.
  ϰ, Digital to Analog Converter (D/A Ǵ DAC)  ġ
  Ƴα  ٲپ ָ 츮 ̸ Ŀ Ͽ   ִ
  ̴.

  ø (sampling) ̶ ˷ ִ Ƴα׸ з ȯŰ
   ణ  Ѵ. ø ȣ  󸶳
    ΰ Ұ ִ.  ù° ø ӵ
  (Sampling rate) ̸  ð    Ÿ
  (Ϲ samples per second Ǵ Hertz μ ǥѴ). ø
  ӵ   Ȯϰ Ÿ ƴ. ι°  ũ
  (sample size) ̸ ϳ  ǥϱ  Ǵ  
  ǹѴ. Ϲ Ʈ (bits) μ ǥѴ.  ũⰡ ũ
  Ŭ  ȣ  Ȯ ̴.

   ī 밳 8 Ǵ 16 Ʈ  ũ 4000  44000 Hertz
   ø ӵ Ѵ.  ϳ ä(mono) Ǵ ΰ
  ä(stereo)   ִ.

  FM Synthesis Ҹ     ̴.   
  (sine, triangle, square ) ϴµ   ΰ ִ.  FM
  synthesis D/A ȯ  ϵ 鿡 
  α׷ ϱⰡ ư  .   ī尡 
   ī  Ʈ ȣȯ  FM synthesis Ѵ.
    Ҹ  (sound generator) Ǵ voices 밳
  ȴ.

  Wavetable Synthesis D/A ȯ  FM synthesis  ä
  (multiple channel)   ̴.   ̿ϸ CPU
  δ  ָ鼭 ÿ ȭ Ҹ(voice) ޸𸮿 Ͽ
  ϰų ռ Ǵ   ִ.   ä 
  ī  wavetable synthesis  Ѵ.

  κ  ī  κ  ȣ mixing
  (ͽ), ռϴ ɰ Բ gain level ϴ  Ѵ.

  MIDI Musical Instrument Digital Interface ̴. ھǱ⸦
  ܺο ϱ  ϵ  Ʈ ǥ ̴.
    ǹ      MIDI (bus)
  Ͽ ޵Ǹ MIDI Ϸ Ͽ ٽ ϰų   ִ.
    ī尡 MIDI ̽ ϸ, ׷  ī
  ϴ ī ü  ̿Ͽ MIDI    ִ.

  MOD  ǻ     ̴. ֵ ǥ 
   Ӹ ƴ϶ Ǳ (Ǵ Ҹ)κ   ñ
    ִ. MOD  Amiga computer  Ǿ 
  Ʈ    Ÿ ýۿ ֵ  ִ.

  3.  Ǵ ϵ

   忡   Ͽ Ǵ  ī ̽
   ̾߱ ϰڴ. ⿡ ִ      ֽ
   Ŀο   ̴.

   ̹ ڽŸ  ȣ  ִ. ֽ  
  Ŀ  2.0.31 ̸ ⿡ ԵǾ ִ  ̹ 
  Sound Driver:3.5.4-960630̴.

   ̹  Hannu Savolainen ο  ̹
  Ͽ , װ ǥ  Ŀο ԵǱ   
  ǥ ̴. Ǵ ī   ֽ ڷ
  <http://www.4front-tech.com/ossfree/new_cards.html> (USA) Ǵ
  <http://personal.eunet.fi/pp/voxware/new_cards.html> (Europe) 
    ִ. ̵    ī忡 ؼ  
  Ǵ    ׸ ȴٸ    ̹
  ʿ   ִ. Ŀ  ̹ Բ ִ
  /usr/src/linux/drivers/sound/Readme.cards Ͽ Ǵ ī忡
     ׻ ֽ  ִ  ƴϴ.

    Intel ÷ ۵ϴ  Ͽ  ϴ.
  Alpha ÷  κ  ī带   ִ. ׷ Ϻ
   ī  װ͵  i386 machine Ϻϰ ۵Ѵ
  ϴ Alpha ýۿ ٸ ġ I/O Ʈ 浹 ų 
  ִ. ׷  غ    ī尡  ۵,
  ׷  ϱ ƴ.

      PowerPC    ̹
    ư ʾҴ. ׷ ̷  ̴.

  MIPs ̽ĵ  , Ŀγ      ִ.
  ׸ Ϻ MIPs ӽ EISA   ְų  ġ
  ϰ ִ.  Linux-MIPs ׷   ߰ϴ Ϳ 
   ִٰ ڿ ̾߱ Ͽ.
   Ŀο  Atari  Amiga    ̹
  ԵǾ ִ.  (Intel ÷  ̹ compatible
  subsetμ) ̵ machine   ϵ   ִ.

  SPARC ̽ĵ    带  ʴ´. Amiga  Atari
  ó, SPARC machine   ϵ ϰ ְ,  ο
  ̹μ     ִ( /dev/dsp 
  SunOS  ġ ķ̼ Ѵٴ  ణ ̷ϴ).

  3.1.   ī

   Ŀ  ̹  Ǵ  ī  :

  o  ATI Stereo F/X (no longer manufactured)

  o  AdLib (no longer manufactured)

  o  Ensoniq SoundScape (and compatibles made by Reveal and Spea)

  o  Gravis Ultrasound

  o  Gravis Ultrasound ACE

  o  Gravis Ultrasound Max

  o  Gravis Ultrasound with 16 bit sampling option

  o  Logitech Sound Man 16

  o  Logitech SoundMan Games

  o  Logitech SoundMan Wave

  o  MAD16 Pro (OPTi 82C928, 82C929, 82C930, 82C924 chipsets)

  o  Media Vision Jazz16

  o  MediaTriX AudioTriX Pro

  o  Microsoft Windows Sound System (MSS/WSS)

  o  Mozart (OAK OTI-601)

  o  Orchid SW32

  o  Personal Sound System (PSS)

  o  Pro Audio Spectrum 16

  o  Pro Audio Studio 16

  o  Pro Sonic 16

  o  Roland MPU-401 MIDI interface

  o  Sound Blaster 1.0

  o  Sound Blaster 16

  o  Sound Blaster 16ASP

  o  Sound Blaster 2.0

  o  Sound Blaster AWE32

  o  Sound Blaster Pro

  o  TI TM4000M notebook

  o  ThunderBoard

  o  Turtle Beach Tropez ("classic" but not Plus)

  o  Turtle Beach Maui

  o  Yamaha FM synthesizers (OPL2, OPL3 and OPL4)

  o  6850 UART MIDI Interface

     ī忡 Ͽ Plug and Play (PnP) 𵨰  
  non-PnP   ȣȯǴ  ƴ϶  ˾ƾѴ. 
  , SoundBlaster16 PnP original SoundBlaster16   ȣȯ
  ʴ´. Soundscape PnP  GUS PnP ī 쵵 ̴. Plug and
  Play õ      Ĺݺο ٷ ̴.

   ʹ ̰ų ̹ ϴµ ʿ α׷ 
  Ǹ ü  ʾұ   ʴ ī̴.:

  o  Pro Audio Spectrum (original)

  o  Pro Audio Spectrum+

  o  older (Sierra Aria based) soundcards made by Diamond

  Ǵ  ī  ϳ ȣȯ̶ ϴ Ÿ ī
   ϵ (, register level) ȣȯ̶ ۵   ̴.

  κ  ī尡 " ȣȯ" ̶ ϴ 
  Ǹŵ  ī߿   ̹ 
  ȣȯǴ   . ̵ ī Ϲ MSS/WSS Ǵ MAD16
  ̹     ۵Ѵ. Creative Labs  ,
  Creative's custom chips (, SoundBlaster16 Vibra) ϴ, ¥
   ī峪 Ǵ MV Jaz16 ׸ ESS688/1688 based ī 
   ̹    ִ. "SoundBlaster Pro
  compatible 16 bit sound card"μ  ̹ Ϸ
   ð ɼ ũ.

   Ŀ Ϻ  ī(: ProAudioSpectrum 16) ϴ
  SCSI Ʈ Ϻ CD-ROM ̺(: Soundblaster Pro)  
  ̽ Ѵ.   ڼ   HOWTO  SCSI-
  HOWTO  htmlurl url="http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/CDROM-
  HOWTO.html" name="CDROM HOWTO"> .

  Ϻ  ī尡 ϴ  Ͽ ̽ƽ Ʈ ϴ
  Ż Ŀ (loadble kernel module) ϴ.

  SCSI, CD-ROM, joystick ׸  ̹ Ŀλ󿡼 Ϻϰ
   ̶  ϱ ٶ.

   ī ̹  ֽ  ˰  忡 ϵ
  Hannu Savolainen Ʈ 湮ϱ ٶ.

  3.2.  Ǵٸ  ̹

  ǥ  Ŀο ԵǾ   ǥ  ̹ 
  Ǵ ""  ̹ ִ.
  4Front Technologies    ̹ Ǹϰ ִ.
   Ŀο ԵǾ ִ Ͱ     Ư¡ ϰ
  ִ. ڼ   <http://www.4front-tech.com/> ִ 4Front
  Technologies  .

  Markus Mummert (mum@mmk.e-technik.tu-muenchen.de) Turtle Beach
  MultiSound (classic), Tahiti ׸ Monterey  ī ̹
  Ű Ͽ. ڷ  οϸ:

       "busy system ⼺(sync)   ϵ ũ
       / ǰ ̷ Ǿ. wave synthe
       sis, MIDI ׸  ȣ ó(DSP)    .
        ϰ  ÿ ̷  .  VoxWare
        Ǹ 1.0.9  1.2.1   Ŀο
       Ͽ.  UN*X SysV386R3.2 system ġ ϴ."

  <http://www.cs.colorado.edu/~mccreary/tbeach> 湮 .

  Kim Burgaard (burgaard@daimi.aau.dk) Roland MPU-401 MIDI
  ̽ ̽ ̹ (utilities) Ͽ. Linux
  software map entry    ã  ִ:

       "Roland MPU-401 ȣȯ MIDI ̽(Roland SCC-1 
       RAP-10/ATW-10 ) ̽ ̹. Standard MIDI File
       player  recorder    .

        0.11a ķ    ִ.  ߿ Ư
       IRQ  μ      ִ. 
       Ʈγ , ũγ¡   ִ ɼ(: Ȯ
       ϸ鼭  Ʈ ʷ ׷), Ϻ
       replay/record/overdub ̽    ִ."

  <ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/kernel/sound/mpu401-0.2.tar.gz> 
  ã  ִ.

  Gravis UltarSound Card    ̹  ִ. ̴
  Jaroslav Kysela   ̿  Linux UltraSound
  Project Ȩ  <http://romeo.pf.jcu.cz/~perex/ultra>  ã
   ִ.

    ī带 amateur packet radio  
  ġ(modem)μ Ȱ  ִ. 2.1.x Ŀο SoundBlaster  Windows
  Sound System ȣȯ ī忡 Ǵ ̹ Ͽ ̸ ϰ
   1200bps AFSK  9600 bps FSK packet protocol Ų. 
  ڼ  Linux AX25 HOWTO ϶. ( ڵ Ƹ 
  ̴, ȣȣ VE3ICH).

  3.3.  PC Speaker

   ϵ   ʿ䰡   ̹ ִ; PC
   Ŀ ϴ ̴.  ī ̹
  Ʈ  ȣȯ ϴ. ׷ Ҹ   CPU
  ϸ   ش.   Ŀ  ణ ٸ.  ڼ
   ̹ Բ Ǵ  .

    0.9b ̸ Ʒ ftp Ʈ ã  ִ.
  <ftp://ftp.informatik.hu-berlin.de/pub/os/linux/hu-sound/>

  3.4.   Ʈ

    Ʈ   ǰ Ͽ D/A ȯ ϴ. ̰
  PC Ŀ  Ҹ     CPU ִ ϴ ũ.
    PC Sound driver package ̸ ϸ ʿ
  ϵ  ȳ Բ ִ.

  4.  ġ(Installation)

  带 ϵ  Ϸ  ܰ踦 ľ Ѵ:

  1.  ī ġ

  2. 带 ϵ Ŀ   

  3. ̽  

  4.    Ŀη   ۵ Ȯ

   忡  ܰ鿡 Ͽ ڼ ٷ ̴.

  4.1.   ī ġ

  Ǹڿ ġ ñų ü ġ   ġ϶.

    ī IRQ, DMA ä,  ÿ ʿ ġ ۸
   ִ. Ȯϰ 𸥴ٸ 忡 ϵɶ õ ä(factory
  defaults) ϶. ٸ ̽(:ethernet ī, SCSI host
  adaptors,  ׸  Ʈ ) 浹 ؾ Ѵ.

  Ϲ DOS  ߴ I/O Ʈ, IRQ ׸ DMA setting 
  ؾ Ѵ.  Ϻ 쿡 (Ư PnP ī) ٸ   ʿ䰡
    ִ.    ʿ ̴.

  4.2.  Ŀ (Configuring the Kernel)

   ó ġ  ̹ ϵ Ŀ Ͽ ̴. ̵
  Ŀ 밳 带  ʴ´. Ŀ  ʿϴ
  ̹ ϵ ٽ ϴ  ̴ּ. ο 
  ׷̵ ϰų Ǵ Ŀ ũ⸦ ٿ ʿ ޸ ڿ
  ̰   Ŀ  ؾ  ̴.

  Linux Kernel HOWTO <http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/Kernel-
  HOWTO.html> Ŀ Ͽ  ڼ  Ѵ.  ⼭
   ī õ Ϳ ؼ  ̴.

  带 ϵ Ŀ   ٸ Ŀ  ̹
  ԵǾִ Readme   ,Ư  ī忡 õ ,
  о   . Ʒ   Ŀ  ̹
  丮, Ϲ /usr/src/linux/drivers/sound, ִ.

  CHANGELOG         - ǿø  ȭ  
  COPYING           - ۱
  Readme            - ֽ ׸  ߿ 
  Readme.aedsp16    - Audio Excel DSP 16  ī忡  
  Readme.cards      - Ư ī  ؾ  
  Readme.linux      - Ŀΰ  ǥǴ  ̹ ġ ǻ
  Readme.modules    - Ż (loadable kernel module) ϴ 
  Readme.v30        -  3.0  ̹ ο Ư¡
  experimental.txt  -  Ư¡   

  Ŀ ϰ ϴ Ϲ  ϶. Ŀ ϱ
      ִ. X (X11) ִ ׷ ȭ
  Ŀ Ϸ "make xconfig" ϶. ؽƮ ȭ鿡 ޴ 
  Ŀ Ϸ "make menuconfig" ϸ ǰ,  Ǵ
  (command line) Է  ȣѴٸ "make config" ϸ 
  ̴.

  "make xconfig" Ǵ "make menuconfig"   Ư ǰ
  䱸ȴ.  Yes/No  ɽ ؾ Ѵ. ̵ 
  ϴ Ʈ  ׻ No ̸  쿡 밡 
   ƴϴ. Ư "/dev/dsp and /dev/audio support" (CONFIG_AUDIO)
  ɼ Ϲ Yes 亯ؾ Ѵ.

  ڴ е  Ǿ   "make config"
   ̶ Ѵ.    쿡  ϴ.

  带 ϴ  ΰ ٸ  ִ. ù° "old"
  ̴ ( 2.0.0  Ŀο Ǵ ).  
   ̹ Ϻκ standalone configuration program 
  Ѵ. ߰ "low level" ̹ ʿ ϴ Ϻθ
  (miroSOUND, AWE32, ׸ AEDSP16 ī)  κ  ī忡
      ִ.

  ι° ޴  ϴ "new" ̴. firmware download 
  ʿϴ  ī忡   . ׷ īδ PSS, SM
  Wave, AudioTrix Pro ׸ TurtleBeach Tropez/Maui  ִ. ̵
  ī忡 "old"  ؾ Ѵ. "make xconfig"  "new" 
  ϰ "maek menuconfig"    θ Ѵ. "make
  config" Ʈμ "old"  Ѵ. ׷ "new"   
   Ŀ "new"  "make config"    ̴. "make
  menuconfig"  Ͽ "old"  ϸ "old"  ٽ  
  ִ.

  õϰ   "make menuconfig"  Ͽ "old" sound config
   ϴ ̴. "new"  ߸ ϸ (ּ κ)
      ߻  ִ.

   ̹ Ż (kernel loadable module)  ͵
  ϴ.  ó Ŀο Խ  ̹ 
  ۵ϴ Ȯ  Ѵ.  Ŀ Ŀ 缳 Ͽ 
  ̹ Ż   ͵   ϴ.

  make config  , 带 ϱ    "y" ؾ
  Ѵ.

       Sounc card support (CONFIG_SOUND) [M/n/y/?]

  Ŀ        ī带 
  ´.  ̶ ؼ ؾ Ѵ. 亯 ߸ϸ п 
  ʿ     ִ.  ,   ī尡
  "  16"   ù° (PAS16) "yes" ؼ
  ȵȴ.  ߸Ͽ ù°  "yes" 亯Ѵٸ "
   ī"   Ÿ  ̴. "make config"
   ߸ 亯 ϱ  ٽ  ǵ   ٴ 
  ϶. "make menuconfig" Ǵ "make xconfig"   ǵư
  ϴ  ϴ. ʿ  ϴ  ޸ 
  ʷ ̴.  MPU401  Ϻ ̹ SCSI Ʈѷ
  浹 ų  ְ  Ұϰ   ִ.

  ⿡   ɼǿ    ϰڴ.   "y" (yes)
  Ǵ "n" (no)  亯϶. 빮ڷ   Ʈ 亯̴.
  Y/n/?  "y"  Ʈ 亯̸ N/y/?  "n"  Ʈ
  亯 Ÿ.   ؾ 亯 Ʈ 亯̶ Ű
  ε帮 ȴ. ׷ ؾ  Ʈ Ǿ ִ 亯
  ׻ Ȯ  ƴ϶ ̴.

  ǥ("?") Էϸ ش  ɼǿ    Ÿ
  ̴.

    Ÿ   ִٴ  ϶.  ռ
   Ϳ Ϻ  Ÿ   ִ.  Ϻ ɼ
  ڵ õ  ִ.

     Old Configuration exists in /etc/soundconf. Use it Y/n/?
        尡 ǵ Ŀ    ִٸ  
        Ǿ  ̴.   ϰ ϸ "y" 
        亯϶.  ٲٷ ϰų ο Ŀη ׷̵ 
        "n"  亯    ؾ  ̴.

     ProAudioSpectrum 16 support Y/n/?
         pro Audio Spectrum 16, ProAudio Studio 16 Ǵ Logitech
        SoundMan16  ִٸ "y" 亯϶. Media Vision Ǵ
        Logitech  ٸ ī带  ִ  "y" 
        亯ؼ ȵȴ. ֳϸ װ͵ PAS16  ȣȯ ʱ
        ̴.

     SoundBlaster support Y/n/?
        Creative Labs    ī带 
        ְų װͰ 100% ϵ ȣȯǴ ī(:Thunderboard Ǵ
        SM Games)  ִٸ "y"  亯϶. ռ Ǵ
        ī Ͽ  ī尡 ԵǾ ִٸ   亯ϱ
         Readme.cards  о. ˷  ī , 
        ī尡  ȣȯ̶ Ѵٸ "y"   
        ִ. ׷ ۵ ̶   .

     Gravis Ultrasound support Y/n/?
        GUS Ǵ GUS MAX  ִٸ "y" ϶.

     MPU-401 support (NOT for SB16) Y/n/?
          ϰ ؾ Ѵ. MPU401 ̽  
         ī尡 Ѵ. ׷ Ϻ  ī ڽŸ
        MPU401 ̹  ִ. ̷ ī   ɼǿ "y" 
        亯ϸ 浹 Ͼ ̴. MPU401  ʴ ī忡
        ؼ "y"  亯ϸ  ų ̴.  ī尡
        Ǵ ī Ͽ ִٸ Readme.cards  о. ¥
        MPU401 MIDI ̽ ī "y" 亯ϴ  ϴ.

     6850 UART Midi support Y/n/?
         쿡   "n"  ϴ  ϴ.
        ֳϸ 6850 UART ̽   ʱ ̴.

     PSS (ECHO-ADI2111) support Y/n/?
        Orchid SW32, Cardinal DSP16 Ǵ PSS Ĩ(AD1848 codec +
        ADSP-2115 DSP Chip + Echo ESC614 ASIC CHIP) ϴ
        ī带  ִٸ "y"  亯 ϶.

     16 bit sampling option of GUS (not GUS MAX) Y/n/?
        GUS 16 Ʈ ø ī(daughtercard) ġǾ ִٸ
        "y"  亯϶.  GUS MAX  ִٸ "n"  亯϶.
         ɼ 츮 GUS MAX ׾.

     GUS MAX support Y/n/?
        GUS MAX  ִٸ "y"  亯϶.

     Microsoft Sound System support Y/n/?
          "y"  亯ϱ  ٽ     غ.
        Microsoft   Windows Sound System ī Ǵ
        Aztech SG 16 Pro (Ǵ NX16 Pro)  ִٸ "y"
        亯ϴ  ϴ. Ǵ Ǵ ī Ͽ 
        ī尡   "y"  亯  ִ. VoxWare
        õ ޴ ī (For cards having native support in
        VoxWare), Readme.cards  о. Ϻ ̹
        ü MSS ϱ⵵ ϸ   "y"  亯ϰ
        Ǹ 浹 Ͼ ̴.

     Ensoniq soundscape support Y/n/?
        Ensoniq SouncScape Ĩ ϴ  ī带  ִٸ "y"
         亯 ϶. Ensoniq, Spea ׸ Reveal ۵ ī尡
        ⿡ شȴ. Reveal ٸ ī嵵  ִ.

     MediaTriX AudioTriX Pro support Y/n/?
        AudioTriX Pro  ִٸ "y"  亯϶.

     Support for MAD16 and/or Mozart based card?
         ī忡 Mozart (OAK OTI0601) Ǵ MAD16 (OPTi 82C928
        Ǵ 82C929)  ̽ Ĩ ִٸ "y"  亯϶.
        ̵ Ĩ   Ϲ̸   ̸  ī忡
        ̵ Ĩ Ǿ  ɼ ִ.ٿ MAD16 Ĩ Turtle
        Beach (Tropez), Reveal (Ϻ ) ׸ Diamond(ֽ ī)
        ۵ Ϻ ī忡 ǰ ִ.

     Support for Crystal CS4232 based (PnP) cards Y/n/?
        Crystal CS4232 Ĩ ϴ ī "y"  亯϶.

     Support for Turtle Beach Wave Front (Maui, Tropez) synthesizers
        Y/n/?
        ̵ ī ϳ  ִٸ "y"  亯϶.

     SoundBlaster Pro support Y/n/?
         ī尡 SouncBlaster Pro( ) Ǵ
        SoundBlaster 16 ( 16) ̶ "y"  亯϶.
        Ŀ  ȣȯ ī 쿡 "y"  亯϶.
        "n" 亯ϸ ణ ޸𸮰  "y"  亯ϴ
        ͵  ٸ  ̴.

     SoudBlaster 16 support Y/n/?
         16 (AWE 32 )  ִٸ "y" 
        亯϶.

     Audio Excel DSP 16 initialization support Y/n/?
        Audio Excel DSP16 ī带  ִٸ "y"  亯϶. 
        ڼ  Readme.aedsp16  .

         Ȯο ϸ ּ Ŀ  2.0.0  2.0.30
         Ŀο     ʴ´.

         ī带  ִٸ Ϳ õ ù
         "y"   ָ ȴ. Audio Excel DSP16 а
          ̴.

   α׷    񽺿     ̴.
  ̵   "y"  亯  Ѵ.  ʿ 
  ʴ ɼ ִٸ "n"  ص .

     /dev/dsp and /dev/audio support (usually required) Y/n/?
        /dev/dsp  /dev/audio, A/D ׸ D/A ȯ⸦ 
         "n"  亯ص  ׷ ʴٸ "y" 
        亯϶.

     MIDI interface support Y/n/?
        /dev/sequencer  /dev/music ̿ MIDI Ʈ  (access)
        ׸ /dev/midixx  Ѵٸ "n" 亯ص . 
        ɼ MPU401 ׸ Ϲ MIDI ȣȯ ̽  ģ.

     FM synthesizer (YM3812/OPL-3) support Y/n/?
        "y"  亯϶.

     /dev/sequencer support Y/n/?
        "n"  亯ϸ /dev/sequencer  /dev/music   
        ȴ.

     Do you want support for the mixer of SG NX Pro ?
        Sound Galaxy NX Pro  ī带  ְ  ī ͽ
        Ȯ  ϱ Ѵٸ "y"  亯϶.

     Do you want support for the MV Jazz16 (ProSonic etc.) ?
        MV Jazz16  ī带  ִٸ "y"  亯϶.

     Do you have a Logitech SoundMan Games Y/n/?
        Logitech SoundMan Games  ī带  ִٸ "y" 
        亯϶.

   鿡 ̾ ī Ư   Ͽ  ̴.
  Ϲ I/O address, IRQ ׸ DMA ȣ . Ϻ ī
   ī ʱȭ  Ǿ  Ͽ  . DSP Ĩ
  ϴ ī Ǵ α׷ ī ٿε Ͽ ʱȭ Ѿ ϴ
  ũμ 쿡 شѴ. Ϻ 쿡   
  α׷ Ͽ .h Ϸ ۼǸ  ȿ ̹
  Եȴ. Readme.cards Ͽ  ī忡 شϴ  ٽ
    о.

       ̴:

       The sound driver is now configured.
       Save copy of this configuration to /etc/soundconf [Y/n/?]

  밳  "y"   ̴.  Ŀ   ؾ 
      ͵ ٽ    ̴.

     ̹ ׷̵ Ѵٸ
  /usr/include/sys/soundcard.h  /usr/include/sys/ultrasound.h 
  /usr/include/linux ִ ش ϰ ɺ ũ Ǿ ִ
  Ȯ϶. Ǵ  Ͽ #include <linux/soundcard.h>  #include
  <linux/ultrasound.h>   ִ Ȯ϶.

   ο Ŀ  ϰ ġ غ  ̴.

  4.3.  ̽  

   ī尡  ۵ϱ ؼ  ̽  
  ʿ䰡 ִ.  ̵  Ϲ  ý ó ν
   ̹ ȴ. Ʒ  ̿Ͽ    ִ. 
  Ʒ   (µǴ ¥ ٲ  ִ) ̽ Ͽ 
     ʿ䰡 .

       % ls -l /dev/sndstat
       crw-rw-rw-   1 root     root      14,   6 Apr 25  1995 /dev/sndstat

  ̽  Ȯϰ Ǵ Ͱ ׵   
   ϶.

  ̽  ۵ϱ ؼ  Ŀ ̹ Ŀμӿ
  ε Ǵ  Ǿ ־ Ѵ.

  幮 , ̽  ߸ Ǿٰ ϴ´ٸ root α
   /usr/src/linux/drivers/sound 丮 Readme.linux Ͽ ִ
  ũƮ ̿Ͽ ̽  ų  ִ. Ǵ κ
    Ǵ /dev/MAKEDEV ũƮ   ִ.

   PC   ̹   Ű 
   о    ̽  ؾ     
  ̴.

  4.4.  Booting Linux and Testing the Installation

    ο Ŀημ ϰ  ̹ ׽Ʈ
  غ  ̴. ο Ŀ ġϰ  ϶ ( 
  ߻ 츦 Ͽ  Ŀ ؾ  ̴).

   ȿ    ޼ ȭ鿡  Ȯ϶
  (ũ ӵ ʹ    ٸ  Ŀ "dmesg" 
  ٽ   ִ.):

       Sound initialization started
       <Sound Blaster 16 (4.13)> at 0x220 irq 5 dma 1,5
       <Sound Blaster 16> at 0x330 irq 5 dma 0
       <Yamaha OPL3 FM> at 0x388
       Sound initialization complete

  ̰  ī   ( ִٸ)  ð ¾ƾ Ѵ.

   ̹ Ż Ŀ    ("insmod sound
  trace_init=1"   Ͽ  ̹ 밡ϰ  ʴ
  )  ޼ Ÿ ʴ´ٴ  ϶.

   ̹ Ŀο  (link)   "Sound initialization
  started", "Sound initialization complete"  ޼ Ÿ ̴.
  ̵ ޼ Ÿ ʴ´ٸ Ŀο  ̹ ٴ
  ̴.  쿡  ̹ ϵ ϵ Ŀ
   ۵ Ȯؾ Ѵ.  "Sound initialization started" 
  "Sound initialization complete" ̿ ƹ͵ ǥõǴ  ٸ
  νĵ  ̽ ƹ͵ ٴ  ǹѴ.  κ,
   ̹ Ȯ ʰų, ī尡  ʰų, I/O Ʈ
   ƲȰų, ϵ  ߸ (Ǵ  ) PnP ī
  ̰ų ϴ  ̴.

  Ʈ   Ǵ  ޼ ǥõ  ִ.  ̹
    ù°   ׷ ޼ ǥõǴ ׷ 
  ؼ Ѻ.

   device  /dev/sndstat о.  ̹
   ʱȭ Ǿ  ߰  Ѵ. Ʒ 
      ̴:

  % cat /dev/sndstat
  ound Driver:3.5.4-960630 (Sat Jan 4 23:56:57 EST 1997 root,
  Linux fizzbin 2.0.27 #48 Thu Dec 5 18:24:45 EST 1996 i586)
  Kernel: Linux fizzbin 2.0.27 #48 Thu Dec 5 18:24:45 EST 1996 i586
  Config options: 0

  Installed drivers:
  Type 1: OPL-2/OPL-3 FM
  Type 2: Sound Blaster
  Type 7: SB MPU-401

  Card config:
  Sound Blaster at 0x220 irq 5 drq 1,5
  SB MPU-401 at 0x330 irq 5 drq 0
  OPL-2/OPL-3 FM at 0x388 drq 0

  Audio devices:
  0: Sound Blaster 16 (4.13)

  Synth devices:
  0: Yamaha OPL-3

  Midi devices:
  0: Sound Blaster 16

  Timers:
  0: System clock

  Mixers:
  0: Sound Blaster

     ޼   ִ. "No such file or
  directory"   ޼ ̽  Ȯϰ ų ʿ䰡
   ǹѴ (4.3  ). "No such device"   ̹
  Ŀμӿ ε Ǵ  (link)  ʾ ǹѴ. 4.2 
  ư.

  /dev/sndstat  "Card config:" κп ǥõ  ( "(SoundBlaster
  at 0x220 irq 5 drq 1,5)"  ) ȣ ӿ ִٸ ̽ 
  Ǿ ν ʾҴٴ  ǹѴ.

        غ  ̴. 
   ⺻      Ͽ 
  ̽ .   ,

       % cat endoftheworld >/dev/dsp
       % cat crash.au >/dev/audio

  ( ɿ ">"  ʾҴ Ȯ϶.)

  Ϲ cat ϴ    ϴ ùٸ 
  ƴ϶  ϶.   ϱ   ̴.  
   (ڿ )   α׷ ϰ  ̴.

    /dev/sndstat audio devices κп ϳ ̽ ־
   ̴. audio devices κп ƹ͵ ٸ ̽ 
  νĵ ʾҴ ؾ  ̴.

    "I/O error"  ǥѴٸ "dmesg"  Ͽ Ŀ
  ޼   о. Ƹ   ޼ ߰  
  ̴. ɼ  ޼ "Sound: DMA (output) timed out -
  IRQ/DRQ config error?" ̴.   ޼  ̹ ˷
   ī interrupt   ī忡 Ǿ ִ interrupt
   Ʋٴ  ǹѴ. κ  ̹  IRQ 
  DMA channel ۵ ʴ´ٴ Ÿ.  ̸ ذϴ  
    ī尡 ϴ  DMA  IRQ   ̴.

   ٸ ɼ, ̽  ̽   ̹
  ȣȯ ʴ   ִ. "SoundBlaster (Pro/16) compatible"
   ī  ̺ ȣȯ ʴ  
  ̴.  쿡   ī尡  ̽ ȣȯǴ
  ˾ƾѴ (̸   ٸ, comp.os.linux.hardware ׷쿡
  ).

     
  <ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/packages/sound/snd-data-0.1.tar.Z>
     ִ.

   (sound recording) Ȯ . Ҹ Է  ִٸ
     Ͽ ׽Ʈ   ִ:

       # record 4 seconds of audio from microphone
       EDT% dd bs=8k count=4 </dev/audio >sample.au
       4+0 records in
       4+0 records out
       # play back sound
       % cat sample.au >/dev/audio

    ϱ ؼ  ī忡  ũ ʿϰ
  ũ   ؾѴ. ũ Է ġμ ϰ  
   Ϸ ͼ α׷ ʿ  ִ.

  ̵  ϸ   D/A, A/D ϵ Ʈ
   ۵Ѵٰ Ͼ ȴ.  ִٸ   ϶.

  4.5.  ذ(Troubleshooting

   HOWTO  Ѵ  ߴµ  ִٸ ؾ 
    ִ. ؾ       
  ϰڴ.   ׿  ִٸ  ܰ Ѿ  
   ذ϶.

  4.5.1.  ܰ 1:  ۵ϴ Ŀ   
  Ŀ Ȯ϶.

   ǰ ִ Ŀ 带 ϵ ϵ Ŀ ˰
   Ŀο   ¥(date stamp)  . uname
   ̸ Ȯ  ִ:

       % uname -a
       Linux fizzbin 2.0.0 #1 Tue Jun 4 16:57:55 EDT 1996 i386

  Ǵ /proc/version  о:

       % cat /proc/version
       Linux version 2.0.0 (root@fizzbin) (gcc version 2.7.0) #1 Tue Jun 4 16:57:55 EDT

  ¥  Ŀ  ñ ġ ʴ´ٸ  ǰ
  ִ Ŀ  ̴.  Ʈ ߴ°?  LILO
  Ѵٸ LILO ٽ ġϿ° (밳 LILO ġϱ 
  /etc/lilo/install ) ? ÷Ƿμ Ѵٸ ο Ʈ ÷Ǹ
  ° ׸   װ Ͽ°?

  4.5.2.  ܰ 2: Ŀ  ̹  Ǿ Ȯ϶.

  ̸ ϴ    տ Ͽ "/dev/sndstat" 
    ̴.   ٸٸ Ŀ    
  ̴.  Ŀ  ϵ ó ٽ ϶.

  4.5.3.  ܰ 3: ϴ  Ŀ  ī带  Ͽ°?

  õ  Ŀ  Ǿ Ȯ϶. ý ȭ鿡 ǥõǴ
  ޼  . ũ ӵ  Ȯϱ ϴٸ dmesg
   ٽ   ִ:

       % dmesg

  Ǵ

       % tail /var/adm/messages

    ī带 ߰ Ͽٸ  ߸ ̴. 
  ī尡 Ȯϰ ν Ǿ Ȯ϶. DOS  
  ī尡 ۵Ѵٸ ϵ  ٰ Ͼ ȴ. Ŀ 
    ̴.  ī带  ɷ ߰ų  
  Ʋ  ִ. Ǵ   ī尡  Ŀ 
  ̹ ȣȯ   ִ.

  Ѱ ɼ  ī尡 DOS ̹μ ʱȭ ؾ ʿ䰡
  ִ "ȣȯ" ī ϳ ̴.  Ͽ  
  ̹ ε϶. ׷ Ŀ Control-Alt-Delete Ͽ 
  ϶.   ī I/O address, DMA ׸ IRQ  
    찡 ġϴ Ȯ϶.  ī  
     Ʈ Readme.cards Ͽ ã   ̴.

  Ǵ ī Ͽ   ī尡 ٸ  ̹
  װ   ɼ ִ.   κп ִ 
   п    ִ.

  4.5.4.  ܰ 4: dsp ̽κ Ÿ   ִ°?

  ռ  dd  Ͽ /dev/audio ̽κ б⸦ õ
  .   Ǿ Ѵ.

  ̰  ۵ ʴ ٸ ɼ ִ  ̽ ̴.
  /dev 丮 ִ ̽  ,  ȣ (major and minor
  number) Ȯ Ȯ϶. ̽ Ͽ  б  
  ϶.

   ɼ   ϵ   ִ. ϵ 
  Ȯϱ ϴٸ   .

    ִٸ  õ  ͵ ִ:

  o  Ǹ ￩  HOWTO  ٽ   о

  o   о, Ư õ  Ŀ ҽ Readme ϵ

  o  comp.os.linux Ǵ ٸ ׷쿡  
     (comp.os.linux.hardware  ; ̵ ׷ ſ ȥϹǷ 
     "sound"  ־θ  е ϴµ   ̴)

  o  ˻  Ͽ Web/Usenet search engine ϸ 
         ִ. ׷ search engine (˻) ϳ
     <http://www.altavista.com>  ִ

  o  ֽ  Ŀ   ( ̸, ֽ  Ŀ
     Ҿ  ִ)

  o   ̹ ڿ  

  o   HOWTO ڿ  

  o  fire up emacs and type Esc-x doctor :-)

  5.  带 ϴ α׷

   α׷  ؼ ̾߱ ϰڴ. Linux Software Map,
  Internet archive sites ׸   CD-ROM  .

  ּ   ϴ  α׷ ϰ 
  ̴:

  o  audio file format conversion utility (: Sox)

  o  mixer utility (: aumix or xmix)

  o  digitized file player/recorder (: play or wavplay)

  o  MOD file player (: tracker)

  o  MIDI file player (: mp)

  ̵ α׷ κ text-based  Ӹ ƴ϶ GUI-based
   ִ. е ϰ ;  esoteric α׷
  (:  ռ  ν)  ִ.

  6.  󵵰    亯 (Answers To Frequently Asked Ques
  tions)

  ׷  ϸ Ʈ ϰ   ִ   亯 
  忡 ϰڴ.

     亯 OSS  ̹   ã  ִ.

  6.1.    ̽  ΰ?

  Ʒ ͵  "ǥ" ̽  ̸̴. Ϻ 
    ణ ٸ ̸   ִ.

     /dev/audio
        normally a link to /dev/audio0

     /dev/audio0
        Sun workstation compatible audio device (only a partial
        implementation, does not support Sun ioctl interface, just u-law
        encoding)

     /dev/audio1
        second audio device (if supported by sound card or if more than
        one sound card installed)

     /dev/dsp
        normally a link to /dev/dsp0

     /dev/dsp0
        first digital sampling device

     /dev/dsp1
        second digital sampling device

     /dev/mixer
        normally a link to /dev/mixer0

     /dev/mixer0
        first sound mixer

     /dev/mixer1
        second sound mixer

     /dev/music
        high-level sequencer interface

     /dev/sequencer
        low level MIDI, FM, and GUS access

     /dev/sequencer2
        normally a link to /dev/music

     /dev/midi00
        1st raw MIDI port

     /dev/midi01
        2nd raw MIDI port

     /dev/midi02
        3rd raw MIDI port

     /dev/midi03
        4th raw MIDI port

     /dev/sndstat
        displays sound driver status when read

  PC Ŀ ̹  ̽ Ѵ:

     /dev/pcaudio
        equivalent to /dev/audio

     /dev/pcsp
        equivalent to /dev/dsp

     /dev/pcmixer
        equivalent to /dev/mixer

  6.2.     ϴ°?

  Sun ũ̼ (.au)   Ϸ /dev/audio ̽
     ȴ. Raw  /dev/dsp ̽ .  play 
   α׷ ϴ  . װ κ   ν
  ̰ Ȯ ø ӵ  ī带 ϴ    
  ̴.

  wavplay Ǵ vplay (in the snd-util package)   α׷ WAV
   ϴµ . ׷ ̵ Microsoft ADPCM compressed WAV
   ν Ѵ.  play (from the Lsox package)   
   16 Ʈ WAV   Ѵ.

  snd-util Ű ԵǾ ִ splay   ࿡ 
  鸸 ־ٸ κ   ϴµ   ִ.

  6.3.    ϴ°?

  /dev/audio Ǵ /dev/dsp  д´ٴ   Ÿ ǵ شٴ
   ǹϰ   Ÿ ̷  Ͽ 
  Ͽ   ִ. vrec  α׷ ϸ ø ӵ,
  duration  ϱⰡ .  Է ġ ϱ  ͼ
  α׷ ʿ  ִ.

  6.4.  ϳ ̻  ī带   ִ°?

    ̹μ ϳ ýۿ  ,
   , 16, MPU-401 Ǵ MSS ī带 ÿ
  ϴ  ϴ. local.h  Ͽ SB2_BASE, SB2_IRQ,
  SB2_DMA (Ϻ ) SB2_DMA2 ũ (macros) define ָ ΰ
   ī带 ϴ  ϴ.  PAS16 
  ͸ ÿ ϴ  ϴ.

  2.0.x Ŀ ϴ ,   ī带 Ϸ local.h
   ϴ ſ /usr/include/linux/autoconf.h 
  ϸȴ.   Ʒ  ִ ġ ã´.

  #define SBC_BASE 0x220
  #define SBC_IRQ (5)
  #define SBC_DMA (1)
  #define SB_DMA2 (5)
  #define SB_MPU_BASE 0x0
  #define SB_MPU_IRQ (-1)

     Ʒ  ־ش.  IRQ   ڽ
   ī忡 ´ ̾  ̴.

       #define SB2_BASE 0x330
       #define SB2_IRQ (7)
       #define SB2_DMA (2)
       #define SB2_DMA2 (2)

   ̹ multiple instances ( ϱ)  
  ʴ´:

  o  GUS (driver limitation)

  o  MAD16 (hardware limitation)

  o  AudioTrix Pro (hardware limitation)

  o  CS4232 (hardware limitation)

  6.5.  Error: No such file or directory for sound devices

   ̹ ̽  ų ʿ䰡 ִ. ̽ 
     ٷ (section) . ̽  ִٸ
  ,  ȣ Ȯ Ȯ϶ (Ϻ  CD-ROM  ,
  Ȯ ̽     ִ).

  6.6.  Error: No such device for sound devices

   ̹ ϴ Ŀη  ʾҰų I/O address 
   ī  ʴ´.  Ǵ Ŀ  
  Ŀ Ȯϰ  ̹   ϵ ¾
  ġϴ ϶.

  6.7.  Error: No space left on device for sound devices

  /dev/audio Ǵ /dev/dsp   ʿ ̽  Ǿ
    ׵ ̽ Ͽ Ÿ Ϸ   ߻
   ִ ̴.   ̽  Ȯ ̸ 
  ũ Ƽǿ ؾ Ѵ. ̽    
  ũƮ ų ʿ䰡 ִ.

   Ŀ 2.0 ̻ , ̽    ýۻ free
  RAM   ̷  ߻  ִ. audio ̹
   DMA channel Ͽ ּ   (8k)  RAM
  (physical RAM) ʿϴ.  ̰ RAM 16 ް ̰ų ð
  ý ѳ   ߻Ѵ.  ġ ٽ    C
  α׷ ϰ Ű ణ RAM free ·  
  ִ:

       main() {
         int i;
         char mem[500000];
         for (i = 0; i < 500000; i++)
           mem[i] = 0;
         exit(0);
       }

  6.8.  Error: Device busy for sound devices

  ϰ ϴ  ̽ ̹ ٸ μ  ǰ
  ִ ̴. fuser  Ͽ Ȯ  ִ:

       % fuser -v /dev/dsp
       /dev/dsp:             USER       PID ACCESS COMMAND
                             tranter    265 f....  tracker

    μ 265 Ͽ ̽     ִ.
   μ  ٷȴٰ ̽ ϰų Ǵ 
  μ ̰ ̽ ϸ ȴ. ׷ ٸ ڰ
  ̽   Ƿ root  fuser 
  Ͽ ڽ  ٸ ڰ ̽ 
  ƴ    ̴.

  6.9.   device busy error  ǥõȴ

  Brian Gough  , DMA channel 1 ϴ 
  ī   DMA 1 ϴ QIC-02 tape ̹ 浹
  ɼ  ׷ "device busy"  ų  ִٰ Ѵ.
   FTAPE Ѵٸ QIC-02 tape ̹ ۵ϵ 
    ִ. FTAPE-HOWTO  FTAPE ϱ  QIC-02
  tape ̹ ʼ  ƴϸ QIC-117 ̹  ȴٰ
  Ѵ. QIC-02 ƴ϶ QIC-117 ϵ Ŀ 缳ϸ FTAPE 
   ī带 Բ    ̴.

  6.10.  Partial playback of digitized sound file

  Ϲ   .      
  Ǵٰ   ų Ǵ "missing IRQ", "DMA timeout"  
   ޼ ǥϴ ̴.  ɼ ִ  IRQ Ǵ DMA
  channel  ߸̴.   ī  ð Ŀ 
  ġϴ ׸ ٸ ī 浹  Ȯ϶.

  Ǵٸ    ݺ  ֵǴ ̴.
  Ϲ IRQ 浹 ߻ϴ ̴.

  6.11.  MOD      ߻Ѵ

  MOD  ִ  CPU Ŀ ʿ Ѵ. ʹ  μ
  ǰ ְų  ǻͰ ǽð ϱ⿡ ʹ 
   ִ:

  o    ø ӵ Ǵ mono mode  

  o  ٸ μ  ߾

  o    ǻ͸ ϶

  o     ī (: Gravis UltraSound) ϶

  Gravis UltraSound ī带 Ѵٸ GUS  Ư ۵ MOD 
  ֱ (: gmod)  ϳ ؾ Ѵ.

  6.12.  Compile errors when compling sound applications

   1.0c     ̹ ioctl()  谡  
  Ͱ ٸ ȣȯ ʴ´.  ο ҽ ڵ带 ϰų ο
   ̹ ° Ķ. ڼ  Readme  .

   α׷  Ҷ  ϴ soundcard.h 
  ultrasound.h  ֽ  Ȯ϶.   ʹݺο ִ ġ
    .

  6.13.  SEGV when running sound binaries that worked previously

  ̰ Ƹ     ̴.

  6.14.   ̹ ˷ ׳ Ѱ(limitation) ԵǾ
  ִ°?

  Readme  CHANGELOG  о.

  6.15.   ̹ ioctls()   ִ°?

  ̰͵ Hacker's Guide to VoxWare  κ ޵Ǿ ִ.
  Hacker's Guide to VoxWare  ʾ (draft form) , ֽ
   draft 2 ̴.  <ftp://nic.funet.fi/pub/OS/Linus/ALPHA/sound>
   ã  ִ.  丮 "" (hidden) 丮̸ 
  丮 Ʈ   ̴. "cd"   丮
  ̵Ͽ "dir"  ָ    ̴.

      4Front Technologies Ʈ   ø
   ̾.

   Ͽ ִ Linus Multimedia Guide  ̹
    ã  ִ.

  6.16.   ֳ  Ϸ ŭ CPU ڿ ʿѰ?

     亯  ʴ.  ׿  ٸ:

  o  PCM ø Ǵ FM synthesis ϴ°

  o  ø ӵ   ũ

  o  ֿ     α׷ ϴ°

  o  disk I/O rate, CPU clock speed, cache size, 

  Ϲ 386 ǻ  8 Ʈ  īμ   Ǵ FM
  synthesized     ִ.

  ׷ MOD  ϴ   CPU ڿ ʿ Ѵ. 
  迡 ϸ 44kHz ӵ ϱ ؼ 486/50 ӵ 40%
  ̻ ʿ ϸ 386/25  22kHz ̻ ӵ ϱ 
  Ұϴٰ Ѵ (  Ϳ  8 Ʈ
  īμ  ̴). Gravis UltraSound ī  
  ī ϵ    ϱ  CPU ڿ  ʿ
  Ѵ.

   ̾߱ CPU ٸ   ϰ  ʴٴ  ϰ
  ִ.

  ġμ   , Sox  (utility) Ͽ
    ȯϰų ȿ ϴ  ξ    
  ִ. Ŀ ̹  ü ƹ Ǽ  ʴ´.

  6.17.  PAS16  Adaptec 1542 SCSI host ͸    

  (  seeker@indirect.com  ̴)

   address 330 (Ʈ) Ǵ 334 ϴ 1542  νѴ.
  ׸ PAS  MPU-401 ķ̼ϱ 330 ؾ߸ Ѵ.
  Ʈ MPU-401 δٰ ϴ  浹 Ͼ
  ̴. 1542 address 334 ű   ̴.

  Դٰ, PAS-16  1542 Ѵ 16-bit DMA Ѵ. ׷ 16-bit 44 kHz
  stereo ø Ͽ 1542 ִ SCSI ̹ Ϸ Ѵٸ
    ̴.  DMA ġ(overlap) RAM  ʿ ð
   ʱ     ä "PARITY ERROR -
  SYSTEM HALTED"  ޼ εε ̴. QIC-117 tape
  ϴ  2 Ǹڵ 1542 bus on/off times 뺸 
   ϶ ǰν Ȳ  ڰ Ǿ. Adaptec's BBS
  Ǵ ͳ Ͽ SCSISEL.EXE α׷ ؼ  ذ
   BUS ON time ҽŰų BUS OFF time Ű ϶.
  ׷ Ŀ װ  ϳ (ont notch) Ǵ  ̻ ̵Ѷ.
  SCSISEL EEPROM  ٲٴ ̱  CONFIG.SYS  DOS
  driver line ٲٴ ͺ  ̴. ׸  ٷ
  ϸ  ۵ ̴ (DOS patchʹ ޸).

    -  Symphony Ĩ   (bus accesses) ӵ
  ̱  I/O Ŭ Ÿ̹ ũ  ״. ڰ ߴ
    ߿ PAS-16 ϰ  ͵ Ÿ̹ ҿ
  õ  Ű ʾҴ. Media Vision BBS SYMPFIX.EXE
   ִ.   Symphony bus controller ִ diagnostic
  bit Ͽ  ذ   ̶ . ׷ Ȯ
    .    ؾ ʿ䰡 ִ:

  o   Ǹڿ    Ĩ ȯ ٰ û϶,

  o  带 ü϶, Ǵ

  o  ٸ ȸ  ī带 ϶.

  Young Microsystems  30 ޷   ׵  带
  ׷̵   ̴; ٸ Ǹڵ鵵    带
    Ǵ  ߴ  Ǹ ׵  
  ( ).   ٿ ϸ PorAudio bus interface chip
   ִ. 120 ޷ ¥  ī带 缭 6MHz AT ġϿ
  ҷ  ƹ  ̴. κ 25-40 MHz 386/486
  ǻ͸  ̰   ׸ Ĩ  ε
  ̶ ּ 12MHz bus rate ϴ   ƴϴ. Exit
  soapbox (stage left).

  ù°   Ĩ, bus speed, ٸ ̿  ׸
    ޷ִ. ι°  refresh option  (hidden Ǵ
  synchronous), 1542 DMA rate ׸ (Ƹ) bus I/O rate ޷ִ.
  °  Symphony Ĩ  flavor Media Vision slow design
  ȣȯ ʴ Media Vision   Ϳ  ȴ. Be
  warned, though - 3 of 4 techs I talked to were braon demaged. ڴ
  ׵ ٸ  ϵ Ͽ  ̾߱ ϴ ϱ
  ƴ. ֳϸ ׵ ׵ ڽ    ̴.

  6.18.   ÿ а   Ѱ?

  ϵ   κ  ī忡 ̰ Ұϴ. Ϻ
  ο ī ̸ Ѵ.  ڼ  Hacker's Guide to
  Voxware "bidirectional mode"   .

  6.19.   SB16 IRQ 2 Ѵ, ׷   
  ʴ´.

  286   ̻ ǻͿ IRQ 2 second interrupt controller
  cascaded Ǿ ִ. װ IRQ 9 ϴ.

  6.20.   AWE32 Ǵ 귡16 ASP  Ǵ°?

  ſ, Creative Labs ̵ ī忡  α׷  
  ǻ簡 .   ׵ ׵ å ٲپ AWE ̹
   2.1.x Ŀο Եǰ Ǿ.

  6.21.   ϴٰ     ų 
  α׷  ۵ ʴ´.

  ̰  soft reboot ϸ ߻Ѵ.  ߸ CONFIG.SYS
  Ϸ   ޼ ǥõǱ⵵ Ѵ.

   κ  ī IRQ  DMA  Ʈ Ѵ.
   MS-DOS/Windows   ٸٸ ̷   
  ִ. Ϻ  ī Ϻϰ (reset)   
  ޾Ƶ ʴ´ ( Ŀ ٰ Ѱų Ǵ  ư ϶)

     ذå soft reboot (: Ctrl-Alt-Del) ϴ
  ſ ǻ͸ ٰ ٽ Ѱų  ư ϴ ̴.
  Ȯ ذå MS-DOS   IRQ  DMA   ϴ ̴
  (Ǵ DOS  ʰų :-).

  6.22.   DOOM ų  

  ID software  DOOM ϴ̴ ⿡   ̴.

  Ȯ   ؼ ǽð "DOOM mode" ϴ 
  2.90 ̻  ̹ ʿϴ.

    16 Ʈ̴.   ī尡 8 Ʈ
  <ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/games/doom> ִ  α׷
  ߿ ϳ ̿Ͽ   带   ִ.

  DOOM ϰ    带 ׿ (sndserver
   ̸ ٸ ̸ ٲٸ ȴ)  ̴.

  Ʈ DOOM   ʴ´ ( DOS  ó).
  Ǳ  musserver α׷ ߰ؾ Ѵ. ̰
  <ftp://pandora.st.hmc.edu/pub/linux/musserver.tgz>    ִ.

  6.23.  (noise)  ϸ   ִ°?

  ǰ  弱 (shielded cables) ϰ  ī带 ٸ
   ű   ̴µ  ȴ.  ī忡 
    ִٸ  ٲپ  (Ƹ maximum  
  ̴).

  ͼ α׷ Ѵٸ  ʴ Է (: microphone) 
  (gain)  (zero) õǾ ִ Ȯ϶.

  Ϻ  ī  (shielding)   (grounding)  ϴ
   ̱   ִ.

    ý , Ŀ  ɼǿ no-hlt ָ
   پ  ߰ߴ. ̰ Ŀη Ͽ idel process
  loop  halt instruction  ʵ ϴ ġ̴. ý
   ࿡  ټ ְ LILO   (lilo.conf) append
  = "no-hlt"  ָ ȴ.

  6.24.  带      .

  ׷ٸ  õغ:

  o  ùٸ ̽ (: microphone) Ͽ ͼ α׷
     ϶

  o  Է  (input gain) ִ Ͽ ͼ ϶

  o  ϵ  ƴ   ϴٸ MS-DOS sound
     card recording  

    (playback)    (recording)   ٸ DMA
  channel ̿Ǵ 찡 ִ.  쿡  ɼ ִ δ
  recording DMA Ȯ ¾   ִ.

  6.25.   "ȣȯ"  ī MS-DOS  ʱȭ Ѿ
   ۵Ѵ.

  κ 쿡 " ȣȯ" (SoundBlaster compatible)
  ī  ̹ ٴ ٸ ̹ ϸ  
  ۵ ̴.  κ  ī ȣȯ̶  (
  , "16 bit SB Pro compatible" or "SB compatible 16 bit") Ϲ
      DOS  ȣȯ ϴ ϳ "hack"
   ̴. κ ī ֱ  Ŀο (2.0.1 ̻)
  ϴ  16 bit native mode  ִ.

   Ϻ (Ϲ  ) ī 쿡 
  忡 ۵ϴ   ʿ䰡 ִ. ⿡  ī
  Mwave-based ī̴.

  6.26.  16 Ʈ Ϳ ȣȯǴ  ī尡 
   8 Ʈ ۵Ѵ.

  Ϳ ȣȯ̶ ϴ 16 Ʈ  ī , δ
  8 Ʈ  ο ȣȯ ̴. ǥ װ͵
   16 ȣȯ  16 Ʈ 带 ϸ 
   ̹ ȣȯ ʴ´.

  MAD16 Ǵ MSS/WSS ̹ ϸ  ī尡 16-bit mode
  ۵  ִ.

  6.27.    α׷    ִ?

  ⿡   α׷   ִ ftp Ʈ 
   Ұϰڴ:

  o  <ftp://sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/kernel/sound/>

  o  <ftp://sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/apps/sound/>

  o  <ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu:/pub/linux/packages/sound/>

  o  <ftp://nic.funet.fi:/pub/OS/Linux/util/sound/>

  o  <ftp://nic.funet.fi:/pub/OS/Linux/xtra/snd-kit/>

  o  <ftp://nic.funet.fi:/pub/OS/Linux/ALPHA/sound/>

  6.28.   ̹ Ż  (loadable module)μ  
   ִ°?

  ֱ Ŀο  ̹ Ż μ    ִ.

   ڼ  /usr/src/linux/drivers/sound/Readme.modules 
  /usr/src/linux/Documentation/modules.txt (Ǵ /usr/src/linux/README)
   о.

  6.29.  system console beep ſ  ī带   ִ°?

  oplbeep α׷  ,
  <ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/sound/oplbeep-alpha.tar.gz>
  ã  ִ.

   ٸ δ beep α׷ ִ,
  <ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/kernel/patches/misc/modreq_beep.tgz>
   ã  ִ.

  modutils Ű  α׷ Բ, 带 ϴ 
  α׷ Ŀ 䱸  ҷ  ֵϴ Ŀġ
  ִ.

  Ϻ ī , PC Ŀ   ī忡    ִ.
  ׷ Ǹ  Ҹ  ī Ŀ Ͽ µ ̴.

  6.30.  VoxWare  ΰ?

  Ŀ  ̹  Intel-based Unix compatible operating
  system Ѵ ׸  Ŀΰ  ϳ Űμ 
   ִ. 1996 2  ̹ ڴ װ "VoxWare"
  ҷ. ϰԵ  ̸ VoxWare Incorporated  Ͽ 
  Ǿȴ, ׷     ̴. ̹ ο ̸
  OSS/Free ̴.

  Open Sound System (OSS) 4Front Technologies Ͽ ǸŵǴ پ
  Unix systems   Ŀ  ̴̹.  ý
  Ͽ OSS/Free ˷   ε  ""  ̴.

    ̹ ſ TASD (Temporarily Anonymous Sound
  Driver) ׸ USS (Unix Sound System)  ҷ.

   ڼ  4Front Technologies Ʈ  <http://www.4front-
  tech.com/> 湮غ. 1997 6ȣ Linux Journal OSS/Linux 
  縦 ڰ ۼ  ִ.

  6.31.  ÷  ÷  ī带 ϴ°?

    2.1 ÷  ÷  ̷  ִ.  ÷
   ÷  ī尡  ۵ϱ ؼ ؾ  .

   ǻͰ   ÷ ̿  Ƽ ý̶
  ī带   Ǹ ￩ Ѵ.   ̹
  ̿ ϴ i/o address, IRQ ׸ DMA channel parameters
  ϵ ؾ Ѵ.

  ī带 ϴµ   ִ  ÷  ÷ 
  (tools) Ű ִ.  <http://www.redhat.com/pnp>  ã  ִ.

  95 Ѵٸ ī ¾ Ͽ ġڸ   ִ.
    LOADLIN α׷ Ͽ  Ʈ Ʈ ϶.
  95  ϴ ϵ   Ȯ϶.

  DOS Ѵٸ SB16 PnP ī Բ Ǵ icu utility  
  ִ. ׷ Ŀ LOADLIN α׷ Ͽ  Ʈ Ʈ ϶.
  DOS   ϴ ϵ   Ȯ϶.

   OSS  ̹ SB16 PnP  ī带 Ѵ. 4Front
  Technologies   ̹   ִ.

  6.32.  Sox/Play/Vplay reports "invalid block size 1024"

  SNDCTL_DSP_GETBLKXIZE ioctl ǵִ  4096  ū
  (Ȯϰ) ϴ Ϻ   α׷ , 
  1.3.67  ̹ ȭ Ͽ  ǹȴ. ֽ
  snd-util-3.x.tar.gz Ű ( <ftp://ftp.4front-tech.com/ossfree>.) 
  ԵǾ ִ ƿƼ  ̸  ٷ (handle). The
  latest sound driver versions have also been fixed to avoid allocating
  fragments shorter than 4096 bytes which solves this problem with old
  utilities.

  6.33.   ̹   α׷  ϴ°?

   ̹ پ    (parameter)  ִ.
   ̹ ԵǾ ִ  (configure) α׷ 
     Ѵ. Ŀ ϱ Ͽ ϴ 
  (tool) ̷    ʴ´.

  ֱ Ŀ ǥ Ŀ   (standard kernel configuration
  tools) Ͽ  ̹ ϴ ñ ϰ ִ
  ("Ŀ "   о)

  6.34.   ̹  ε  ͼ  µȴ.

   ̹ Ż    kerneld Ͽ ڵ
  ε, ε (unload)  ִ. ⿡ Ѱ    ִ.
  Ŀ ٽ ε  ͼ  Ʈ  ǵ 
  ̴. Ϻ  ī  Ҹ ʹ ũų (: SB16) Ǵ
  ʹ   ִ. Markus Gutshke (gutschk@uni-muenster.de) 
   ذå Ͽ.  /etc/conf.modules Ͽ Ʒ 
  ߰϶:

       options sound dma_buffsize=65536 && /usr/bin/setmixer igain 0 ogain 0 vo

  ̷ ν  ̹ ε ڸ ٷ ͼ α׷
  ( 쿡 setmixer)  ̴. dma_buffersize ɼ 
   ɼ 䱸ϱ  ʿ dummy value ̴. ʿ 
  ͼ α׷   (gain setting) ߱   
  ϶.

   ̹ Ŀ ӿ Խ , ͼ   Ʈ
   ϰ Ѵٸ /etc/rc.d/rc.local   ý   
  Ͽ Ʈ  ͼ α׷ θ   ִ.

  6.35.  Ʈ    쿡 带   ִ.

  Readme.linux  ̽   ũƮ Ʈ (root) 
  ̽   ֵ Ǿ ִ. ̰   
  (potential security hole) Ʋ  ̴. Ʈũ ȯ濡
  ܺ ڰ  ī ũ ׸ ûġ (eavesdrop)
  Ͽ  PC α ϴ    ִ.  ̰Ϳ
    ʴ´ٸ ũƮ  (permission)  κ ĥ
   ִ.

  ũƮ ġ ʰ Ųٸ Ϲݻ   ִ
  ȴ.  ̰    ƴ ణ   ִ.

  6.36.  IBM ThinkPad   ġ Ǵ°?

  IBM ThinkPad laptop computer mwave sound card  ϰ
  ʹٸ <http://www.screamin.demon.co.uk/> 湮 .

  7.  

  CD-ROM Ǵ SCSI ̽ ϴ  ī带  ִٸ
  SCSI HOWTO and the Linux CD-ROM HOWTO  п  
    ִ.

  Sound Playing HOWTO        
  ϴ Ѵ.

  Ultrasound Plug'n'play Mini-HOWTO plug and play Gravis Ultrasound
  card  ϴ  Ǿ ִ.

  Linux SoundBlaster 16 PnP Mini-HOWTO plug and play SoundBlaster 16
  card  ϴ  Ǿ ִ.

  Linux SoundBlaster AWE64 PnP Mini-HOWTO plug and play SoundBlaster
  AWE64 card  ϴ  Ǿ ִ.

  Hacker's Guide to VoxWare  Ҹ   
  url="ftp://nic.funet.fi/pub/OS/Linux/ALPHA/sound/">  ã  ִ.
  ױ⿡ ִ  κ  <http://www.4front-tech.com/pguide>
  ִ    ִ ͵̴. ׷ /dev/sequencer 
  κи   ִ.

   FAQ  news.announce   ԽõǸ 
  <ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers>  ã  ִ:

  o  PCsoundcards/generic-faq (Generic PC Soundcard FAQ)

  o  PCsoundcards/soundcard-faq (comp.sys.ibm.pc.soundcard FAQ)

  o  PCsoundcards/gravis-ultrasound/faq (Gravis UltraSound FAQ)

  o  audio-fmts/part1 (Audio file format descriptions)

  o  audio-fmts/part2 (Audio file format descriptions)

  FAQ  ǰ Ư ϸ Ʈ  archive sites (ftp Ʈ
  )    ִ.   Ǵ ǿ  ͵
  ϴ  ׷̴:

  o  alt.binaries.sounds.* (various groups for posting sound files)

  o  alt.binaries.multimedia (for posting Multimedia files)

  o  alt.sb.programmer (Soundblaster programming topics)

  o  comp.multimedia (Multimedia topics)

  o  comp.music (Computer music theory and research)

  o  comp.sys.ibm.pc.soundcard.* (various IBM PC soundcard groups)

  <http://viswiz.gmd.de/MultimediaInfo/>  Ƽ̵ õ
  Ʈ ã  ִ. Creative Labs Ʈ
  <http://www.creaf.com/> ̴. MediaTrix  Ʈ
  <http://www.mediatrix.com/> ̴.
   ϸ Ʈ 带    ٷ 
  "channel" Ѵ. ϸ Ʈ ϴ  ˰ 
  ޼ 뿡 "help"   majordomo@vger.rutgers.edu  
   (: ̵ ϸ Ʈ  ī ¾  õ
    . ̵ ߰ õ  ٷ ϸ
  Ʈ̴)

  տ  Ͽ,  ī ̹   
   ִ  Readme  Ŀ  ̹ ԵǾ ִ.
  ̵  </usr/src/linux/drivers/sound>  ִ.

  hannu@voxware.pp.fi    Ŀ  ̹ 
  Hannu Savolainen   ִ. ״ 
  <http://personal.eunet.fi/pp/voxware>  Ʈ  ִ.
  Ǵ  ī ֱ Ȳ, ˷ ,  ׿  
  ˰    Ʈ     ̴.

  USS(  Ÿ Unix compatible operating system  
   ̹)    <http://www.4front-tech.com/> ִ
  4Front Technologies  Ʈ  ã  ִ.

  Linux Software Map (LSM)  Ʈ ã    
   ڷ̴.  ϵ õ α׷
  ȮϷ sound  Ű (keywords) Ͽ LSM Žϴ
    ̴.  <ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/LSM.gz> 
    anonymous FTP Ʈ LSM ã  ִ.

  Linux Documentation Project Linux Installation and Getting Started
  Ͽ     å ߰Ͽ. ̵ å ֿ 
  archive Ʈ anonymous FTP Ͽ     
  å   ִ.

   ġ  Ѱ: е  Ƽ̵
  (Ư CD-ROM   ī α׷  α׷)  Ͽ 
     Ѵٸ O'Reilly and Associates  ߰  å
  Linux Multimedia Guide (ISBN 1-56592-219-0)   . 
  Ҿǰ Ϻǵ Ѵ.  ڼ  ϾƸ޸ī 800-998-9938
   ȭ ϰų ׵ Ʈ
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