Linux Gazette #24

: װ лóȯ  Ǽ(cessi@postech.ac.kr)

Copyright  1996-98 Specialized Systems Consultants, Inc. 
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2Ʈ¥  

 ϳ  
Date: Sun 30 Nov 1997 03:48:40 -0800(PST)
From: Gary Johnson gjohnson@season.com
̹   ˰ ִ   𸣰ڴµ,    Linux Gazette Ǹ  
ٸ Ǿּ.
 ʴ  ַܼ ȭ ȯϸ ȭ鿡 ƹ͵  Ÿ ʰ ǰ, Ű
ε    ° ˴ϴ.     غʽÿ.

setterm -clear > /dev/tty12

Alt Ű F12Ű  ÿ ų   츦 ϰ   Alt Ű Ctrl  Ű, 
F12Ű ÿ  ˴ϴ.   ܼ(/dev/tty12)  α μ ư 
 ʱ  Ư ϰ ִ  ϴ. 

 ķ
Date: Fri, 5 Dec 1997 00:55:55 -500
From: Joey Hess Joey@kitenet.net
 ϴ  ϱ ؼ  ķ͸   մϴ. ׷ C:\> 
Ʈ  Ⱦ. ׷ ϱ⸦,  ķͰ   Ư ɾ 
ϵ ϰ ;   ½ϴ.  帮   ũƮ ٷ 
  .  κ ּ   . ʿ ־    ϰ 
ֽϴ. ⺻ ̵ Ȩ 丮 dos_do.bat    ΰ  
  ķͰ ϱ⸦ ϴ ɵ  , lredir ̿ؼ  
ķͰ   Ȩ 丮   ã  ֵ ϴ .

#!/usr/bin/perl
# # This runs dosemu.# 
# Any parameters specified after "--" will be passed in to dosemu to be 
# run as dos commands.
#
# Setup: add to autoexec.emu:
#       lredir.com h: linux\fs\${home}
#       if exist h:\dos_do.bat call h:\dos_do.bat#
# GPL Copyright 1996, 1997 Joey Hess
# Split params into dosemu parameters and dos commands.
while ($a=shift @ARGV) {
        if ($a=~m/--/ ne undef) { last } 
        $dosemu_command_line.="$a ";}
$dos_command_line=join(' ',@ARGV);
$dos_command_line=~s/;/\r\n/g;

open (OUT,">$ENV{HOME}/dos_do.bat") || exit print "$ENV{HOME}/dos_do.bat:
$!";
if ($dos_command_line) {
        print OUT "$dos_command_line\r\n"; # note dos CR LF
        print OUT "exitemu\r\n";
        }
close OUT;
system "/usr/bin/dos $dosemu_command_line";
unlink "$ENV{HOME}/dos_do.bat";

Re: "find ؼ ϴ  ãƳ"
Date: Wed, 03, Dec 1997 16:03:30 +0100
From: Mike Neuhauser mike@gams.co.at
Jon Rabone, jkr@camcon.co.uk   12ȣ Linux Gazette   
.
>1997 10 Linux Gazette Dave Nelson 
>grep ϴ ڿ ϴ  ̸ 
>Ÿ  ֵ   ߾.
>
>find . -type f -exec grep "string" /dev/null {} \;
>
>̰  Ͽ ؼ grep ϴµ   ª ȿ  ֽϴ.
>
>grep "string" 'find . -type f'
>
>  ǿ ´         
>    ִٴ Դϴ.

  ÷ο츦 ϱ ؼ   Ͻʽÿ.

        find . -type f | xargs grep "string"

   ̸   (touch "test file" ϰ 'ls' Ȯ 
ÿ.)    ֽϴ. ̷  ذϱ ؼ

        find . -type f -print0 | xargs -0 grep "string"

find ɺ ũ 丮 ؼ ⺻ ˻ ǽ  -follow 
 ؾ  쵵 ִٴ  ˾ μ.

Re:find ̿ؼ ϴ  ãƳ
Date: 5 Dec 1997 17:47:50 -0000
From: Dale K. Hawkins khawkins@mines.edu
 ϰ ִ   ϴ.

        find . -type f -exec grep "string" /dev/null {} \;

׷  ģ    ˷ ִ. ſ  ̾ϴ.

        find . -type f | xargs fgrep "string" /dev/null

  Ź ο grep μ  ʾƵ ȴٴ  . 
׷     ֽϴ.   غ.

        locate $PWD | grep "^$PWD" | xargs fgrep "string" /dev/null

    grep Ź ǰ, 丮 ؼ grep ȴٴ 
 . 

locate $PWD | grep "^$PWD" |xargs -ifilename sh -c \
  "if [ -f filename ]; then echo filename; fi " | \
  xargs fgrep "string" /dev/null

  ô ںе: lesspipe.sh ġǾ ִٸ ѹ . 

find ϴ  ãƳ  ° ̾߱
Date: Thu, 11 Dec 1997 17:12:46 +100(MET)
From: Axel Dietrich Axel.Dietrich@newroinformatik.ruhr-uni-bochum.de
>Linux Gazette 1997 10ȣ Dave Nelson 
>
>find . -type f -exec grep "string" /dev/null {} \;
>
> ߾ϴ.
Jon Rabone " ª ȿ"   ϴ.

grep "string" 'find . -type '

     ÷ο   ʿ   ֽϴ.

find . -type f -exec grep -l "string" {} \;

'-l' ɼ grep "string" ϴ  ϸ Ÿ ݴϴ. ̷   ˻ 
Ư ϵ鿡 ؼ ϱ ؼ  -type -name  ɼ .   
.

find . \( -type f -name "*\.html" \) -exec grep -l "string" {} \;

̰ html Ȯڸ   Ͽ  ؼ "string" ϴ ˾ƺ 
ϰ ִ ϸ  ݴϴ.

/Axel

find   ˾ƺ?
Date: Tue, 16 Dec 1997 14:12:57 +100 (MET)
From: Alexander Larsson alla@lysator.liu.se
1997 12 Linux Gazette Jon Rabone    ߾.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
̰  Ͽ ؼ grep ϴµ  ª   ֽϴ.

grep "string" `find . -type f`

׷ ˾Ƶξ   ǿ ´ ϵ    ۰ ÷οɼ
 ִٴ Դϴ.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
̰ͺ     .

find . -type f | xargs grep "string"

   ۰   ο grep μ  ݴϴ.

find ̿ϴ ϳ 
Date: Sat, 27 Dec 1997 12:06:47 -0500
From: rchandra@letter.com
 ǵǰ ִ " 丮 ִ ϵ鿡 ؼ grep    
°?"ϴ      ſ ϱ  ˻ ǽϴ 
 ̳ʸ   쿡 ͹̳   ϴ     ֽ
. ֳϸ ̳ʸ    ڵ(Control Characters) ͹̳ ׷ 
 ٲ  ֱ Դϴ.  ̷ Ǿ  ͹̳ ٽ ٷ 
 ֱ  ƹ    ׷   ó ϴ  
 .

 ȭ鿡 ü  ڵ  ֺô. ·      
   .

sed -e 's/[^-~][^-~]*/ /g'

  ȭ鿡 µɼ  () ڵ ׳ ̽ ٲ ϴ.  
  ̿ϸ  ٸ ɾ ؼ    ֽϴ.   
 ũƮ ֽϴ.  ̰ grepfind ̸ٿ ϰ .

#!/bin/sh
#save this in a file called grepfind and do a "chmod 755 grepfind"
#
if test $# = 0 -o "$1" = "-h" -o "$1" = "--help" ; then
echo ' grepfind -- recursively descends directories and egrep all files '
echo ''
echo ' Usage: grepfind [--help][-h][start_directory] egrep_search_pattern'
echo ''
echo ' The current directory is used as start_directory if parameter'
echo ' start_directory is omitted. The search is case insensitive.'
echo ' Multiple occurrences of control characters are replaced by a single'
echo ' space. This makes it possible to grep around in files that contain'
echo ' binary data and strings without setting the terminal accidently '
echo ' to graphics mode.'
echo ''
echo ' Example: grepfind /home "hello world" '
else
if [ "$2" = "" ]; then
find . -type f -exec egrep -i "$1" /dev/null {} \; | sed -e 's/[^ -~][^-~]*/ /g'
else
if [ -d "$1" ];then
    find $1 -type f -exec egrep -i "$2" /dev/null {} \; | sed -e 's/[^-~][^ -~]*/ /g'
else
    echo "ERROR: $1 is not a directory"
fi
fi
fi
#__END__OF_grepfind


Re: ּ
Date: Sun, 7 Dec 1997 14:25:25 +0100(MET)
From: Roland Smith rsmith@ibm.net

Javier,
  Linux Gazette翡  Դϴ.
 MOZILLA(ݽ) Ǿ ִ 丮   ȯ  Ͽ 
Ѵٰ ϼ̾.
ΰ  ֽϴ. 
'export MOZILLA_HOME=/usr/local/netscape' ǻͰ  Ź ǻͰ  ۵  
 ְų Ȥ /etc/profile ϸ ˴ϴ. ̰ bash ۵  о
 Դϴ.  Ͽ    ߰ϼ.(ݽ /usr/local/netscape
丮 ġǾ ִٰ մϴ.)

MOZILLA_HOME=/usr/local/netscape
export MOZILLA_HOME

  Ŵ  Ͽ ݽ   ġ ˷־  ݽ
  Ŵ ϴ ٳ ޴ ٷ ̿   ֽϴ. ̰ 
ϴ  Ŵ  Ʋ.
 fvwm2-95 ϽŴٸ    Ȩ 丮 ִ .fvwm2rc95Ͽ 
߰ ּ.

#add to this menu
AddMenu "Utilities" Title
+ "Netscape%mini-sacape.xpm% Exec netscape -geometry 931x683+54+9 &


 ʴ ϵũ ȸӵ ̱
Date: Mon, 08 Dec 1997 14:21:31 -0500
From: Peter S Galbraith galbraith@mixing.qc.dfo.ca
Linux Gazette 12ȣ   ϵ  ũ ȸ ӵ ̱ ؼ hdparm   
ϴ  ־. ̰   SCSI  ϵ ũ    
ϴ.

bash-2.01#hdparm -S6 /dev/sdb

/dev/sdb:
 operation not supported on SCSI disks

ŸԵ SCSI ϵ ũ  hdparm  ۵ ʴ±.(Ŵ   
    ̻?)

 ũƮ
Date: Mon, 15 Dec 1997 20:49:53 -0600 (CST)
From: Corey G cgaff@interaccess.com
   ǻͰ ͳݿ ִ äο ڸ  մϴ. 翬 
ð  Ȥö Ŀ  ǻͿ ħ ʾ  . ׷  
(root)   ð  ο μ ߴ θ ˼ ִ 
׷ ߾ϴ. 
 ũƮ ̷  Ǵ Դϴ.  ̰Ͱ   ٸ Ư α׷ 
ִ    ũƮ  ׽Ʈغ    ϴ.  
ũƮ  ǻ͸ ϰ   ϸ    ֽϴ. 

 ϴ°?
 ũƮ ó   Ǵ   μ  ˾Ƴ ӽ  Ͽ 
ϴ. ⺻ 10ʰ    ο μ Ǿ ӽ    
ؼ ˾Ƴ . ̷ ο μ ' 'μ ƴϸ ﰢ kill
Ǵ ̴ϴ. 

:
root αϿ ũƮ մϴ. ׷ 켱 ڵ    
丮       Դϴ.      ⼭           ("TRUSTED_ITEMS", 
"TRUSTED_USERS") ߽ϴ.   Ư  α׷̳ Ư  ο 
μ ϴµ ƹ   ϱ ؼԴϴ.    α
 (: xterm  "xterm" "bash" ÿ(bash  ϰ  ) 
 ־ ) ϳ ̻ α׷  ־ Ѵٴ Դϴ.

: ũƮ ׽Ʈ  ߿ ۾  ʰ ֳ Ȯ . 

 ũƮ ϱ ؼ: nohup ./secmach &

  ũƮ Ű ͽϴ.   ̳ Ͻ   ø  
ڿ  ּ. 

#!/bin/sh
# Secmach - security program
# v1.0  12-14-97
# By: Corey Gaffney

export PATH=/usr/bin:/bin:/sbin

COUNTER=0
LOCATION=/usr/secmach
CHECK_TIME=10
TRUSTED=/usr/secmach/trusted
UNTRUSTED=/usr/secmach/untrusted
DIFFKILL=/usr/secmach/diffkill
TRUSTED_USERS="johndoe"
TRUSTED_ITEMS="$TRUSTED_USERS|pppd|chat|netscape|xterm|egrep|ps|sed|secmach|a
wk"

if [ ! -s $LOCATION ]
        then
        mkdir $LOCATION
        chmod 700 $LOCATION
        fi

while :
do
COUNTER=`expr $COUNTER + 1`
if [ $COUNTER -eq 1 ]
        then
        ps -aux | sed -e '1d' | awk '{print $2}' > $TRUSTED
fi
        sleep $CHECK_TIME

ps -aux | sed -e '1d' | egrep -v $TRUSTED_ITEMS | awk '{print $2}' >
$UNTRUSTED
        diff $TRUSTED $UNTRUSTED > $DIFFKILL
        KILL=`grep ">" $DIFFKILL | awk '{print $2}'`
        kill -9 $KILL
done

cron.hourly ϱ
Date: Sun, 21 Dec 1997 10:36:16 -0500 (EST)
From: Jeff Johnson jbj@JBJ.ORG
Gary Turkington :
> ""     ˰ ִµ  ʳ׿.
> ϸ cron.hourly root fortune޽     ?
> ̰ Ϸ翡 ѹ̾  δ㽺 ʾҴµ
>5.0 ׷̵ϰ  Žð  ׷׿....
>̷ ͵  Ը :-)
cron.hourly   ȴϴ.
1)cron Žð  root ڰ ۾ Ѵ.
2) ۾ ϱ ؼ  ȣۿ ϴ( stdin/stdout tty Ǿ 
 ʰ cron Ǿ ִٴ )  ȴ.
3)  ʱȭ  оδ. : /etc/profile, ~/.bashrc 
4)ʱȭ ϵ fortune Ѵ.
5)۾ ȴ.
6)cron ȭ鿡    ߰ϰ root  .

  ذϱ ؼ   ʱȭ Ͽ fortune ϵ  ξ 
Ƴ fortune  ϰ ϰų fortune  ȣۿ ϴ  
Ҷ ۵ ʰ ϸ ˴ϴ.



The Answer Guy

ݽ   ʽϴ.
From: Jim Kelly, the-jim@swbell.net
 ݽ Ŀ´ 4.04    ýۿ  Խϴ.  ׷
 ʹ  ο  Գ  üũ غų ο ׷ ֳ  üũ 
⸸ ϸ α׷ ߴܵǾ ׿. ׷  4.04   ٽ ġ . 
׷ ε  ϸ ?

 ݽ 4.04 ̴ٸ Ȩ 丮 .netscape 丮  ̳? 
ٸ ڷ αϼż Ͻ  ϱ? ٸ  α׷  Ͻð
 ٸ  α׷  ̴?(elm, pine, emacs'mh,  tin, nn, trn, gnus
)
Ƹ   ջ ʾҳ Ǵµ.  α׷ ߸ Է  
  츦    Խϴ.  ׷ ؽƮ   / α׷ 
Ѵϴ.(emacs' mh-e  Gns)

 ּ
From: Ralph, RPMAXEDGE@aol.com
ּ!!!
  3.2 ġ߰,    Ǵ  Ҵµ root н带 ٲ
    ߻߱.     ٲ нδ α ȵ
ϴ. ׷  Ʈ 丮 Ʈؼ /etc/shadow ִ   н带 
 ϴµ   ʳ׿.  SCSI ϵ ũ sda1, sda2 ؼ  
ġ߽ϴ.   ذϴµ   ִ Ʈ ֽŴٸ  ϰڽ
. 

 ֱٿ    غ ʾ Ϲ   ϴ.
̷ (root н н)      (    ̻ 
Ͻ  ٸ  ص ) Ʈ 丮 ִ Ƽ Ʈϸ 
˴ϴ. ׸   ϴ  ϸ . 
 Ѱ Ӽ н    chroot ٷ ϴ ̴ϴ. 
⺻    Ʈ   ֽϴ.

cd /mnt/oldroot/ && usr/sbin/chroot . bin/sh

׸:

passwd

(   passwd   ְ  ݴϴ.  ׸ (chroot)/etc 丮
 н  Ʈϵ  ݴϴ.)
  ϱ ؼ Ʈ Ƽ ٸ   ϳ  簡 /etc 丮 
Ʒ   ī δ  ϴ. 


 PDT ϱ

From: Karl Rossing, gtivr6@pangea.ca

 PDC(Primary Domain Controller) NIS/NIS+    ϱ

95/NT  NIS/NIS+ ̿Ͽ     ִ  
 ˰ ͽϴ.  ڸ  Ź NT ϴ  ʹ  ǰ ̳
. Ȥ  κ  Ʈ ִ ˷ֽø ϰڽϴ.

   ϱⰡ Ƴ׿.  ϸ MS Ŭ̾Ʈ ӽŵ(95 or NT) 
 ׼       ̿      䵥 
GINA(Graphical Identification and Authentication)  NTֿܼ α ϴ  NT 
DLL ̿  ֽϴ.  GINA    ִµ Novell NDS 
  ͵ ְ MIT kerberos ؼ  ͵  AFS ϱ  
͵ ֽϴ.  URL  ϴ.

NT GINA: http://web.mit.edu/cartel/ntgina.html -- very  informative -- leads to  all the 
rest that I found. 

ND_GINA(NT   ִ ϳ GINA): 
http://www.nd.edu/~dobbins/ntarch/nd_gina_doc.html 

NT/UNIX : http://www.arch.usyd.edu.au/~doug/gina.html 

GINA  95 ۵ ʴ  ٴ Դϴ. 

н带 ȭ ϴ  ؼ ״  Ⱑ   ϴٸ 
 񽺶    ؼ     ֽϴ.   
ϴ ְ. ̷  ؼ Cygnus   鼭 ϳ ߰  
ֽϴ.

http://www.cygnus.com/product/unifying-security.html

̿ܿ غ  ִ ͵δ 

Microsoft's WINS (and its PDC/BDC domain model) 
Kerberos and Cygnus Kerbnet 
NIS/NIS+ 
RADIUS/TACACS 
LDAP (lightweight directory access protocol) 
Netware NDS, Banyan StreetTalk, etc. 
Host based security -- custom synchronization 
scripts. 

 . δ     ʽϴ. NIS/NIS+ ַ NFS  
̰ Kerberos AFS/DFS/CODA յǾ Դϴ. CIFS/SMB filesharing  
 ̾  񽺳 WINS   ֽϴ.
ü  CODA   ̶ ϰ  ֽϴ. CODA  ڼ 
  ϸƮ Ͻʽÿ.
http://www.coda.cs.cmu.edu/maillist/linux-coda/0175.html

 Samba     Ŭ̾Ʈ     ֵ ϱ 
 Ѵٰ ϰڽϴ. Samba META-FAQ о   linux 
Samba ̿ؼ üƮũ  Ҽ ִٰ  ִ    
 ̴ϴ. 

Samba:  
http://samba.anu.edu.au/samba/docs/smb_serv/html/smb_se-4.html#ss4.1
Samba: Samba  HOWTO
http://samba.anu.edu.au/samba/docs/smb_serv/html/smb_se.html

(     Ŷ ٴ μ 'н '    
մϴ. ̰ NTý Ŭ̾Ʈ  䱸 ϱ  PDC/BDC(Backup 
Domain Controller)μ      ǹϴ    ֽϴ.)
̷ ƹ LDAP Kerberos  NT ٸ  OS,  Ű鿡 Ǹ鼭  
ֵ  ̶ Ǵµ     󰡴  ƴ϶ 
 Ǵ ͵  Դϴ.
   LDAP(丮 ) Kerberos(  ),   
ڽŵ  ȿ '' Ƿ  ̱   ٸ ¸   ִٴ 
Դϴ. ׵() ƹ ڽŵ ý ȣ 뼺 ؼ   
 ϰ κ ڽŵ ý ٸ  Ǵ  Ʈ  α׷
鿡   ֵ ϱ  'Ȯ强' ؼ        
Һ ϱ .
  ý ڵ ϵ 丮 񽺿   񽺸 ޵ ϱ 
ؼ    ð  ʿϴٰ ϴ.  ׿ Ȼ  
⼭ Ƣ.(н 27  ׷   ԰ NT  ׷
  ݿ ̸ ٽ ְ ִ.)
׵ 츮  ٸ  ( ׷, ū  )   ϴ 
  Ʈũ α׷   Դϴ. 
  , ݱ      ̹ 忡 Ǹŵǰ 
ٴ Դϴ. ý       ٰ ִ .




