
                                ϵͳ-HOWTO
                                       
ߣGuido Gonzato [1]guido@ibogfs.cineca.it
ߣƽ tchao@worldnet.att.net

   v0.99.31997114
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   дĵĿʹӿټصԸհװõLinuxϵͳڸϵ
   ͳĵʺõӦʹܾ׼Ϊõϵͳ
     _________________________________________________________________
   
1. 

2. һϵͳ趨

     * 2.1 
     * 2.2 ں
     * 2.3 ϢBootup Messages
     * 2.4 ûƣHostname
     * 2.5 Sendmail ͣ
     * 2.6 豸Device Drivers
     * 2.7 Mouse
     * 2.8 λãMount Points
     * 2.9 LILO  Loadlin
     * 2.10 ӡ
       
3. 

     * 3.1 bash(1)
     * 3.2 ls(1)
     * 3.3 less(1)
     * 3.4 emacs(1)
     * 3.5 joe(1)
     * 3.6 jed
     * 3.7 TeX and Friends
     * 3.8 PPP
     * 3.9 POPû˳
     * 3.10 X Ӵϵͳ
     * 3.11 Fortran
     * 3.12 û
       
4.  

     * 4.1 Ȩ עȨ룩
     * 4.2 ߻Ӧ
     * 4.3 
     _________________________________________________________________
   
1. 

   PCϰװLinuxϵͳĿǰĸLinux汾൱ֻ
   гȱٻĵ˸еաڰװἴʹã
   ЩСҲΪҪ͡backspace⣬Ϊemacsû
   ɫԼʾĿ¼ʱֻкڰɫЩź¡
   
   ΪʹұڼǵĸҪ趨ժҪʼǣ޸ɫ
   ͳHOWTOһЩĵʵõӦ֮á
   ЩʵҰװRed Hat汾LinuxϵͳΪݣʹ汾Ҫ
   Сע⡣벻Ҫڵκϸ΢ĩڶ˲Щֻ
   öá˽LinuxϵͳͱĶͬ˵
   HOWTOHOWTOֻһժҪ--ϣ㡢á
   
   PCӲõ෱࣬ҵľ飬һʮֳǣӲ
   ΪָDOS/WindowsLinuxͽswapݻ
   ӡͻҼٶЩ豸ҪõӲҪڵļ
   תڲͬҲ¡һٶڱ༭ʱrootȨޡ
   
   ðɣھǾɰɣ
   
2. һϵͳ趨

2.1 

   ȣü̡ڰװʱ©һ裬̣Ҫ
   
   
     * /usr/lib/kbd/keytables/ѡȡʵļ̱磬it.map ʹ
       
     * ༭/etc/sysconfig/keyboardʹʹ
       KEYTABLE="/usr/lib/kbd/keytables/it.map"
     * 趨̵ظʺӳʱ䣬ݼӸ/etc/profilercĵ
       ֮һ
       
/sbin/kbdrate -s -r 16 -d 500  # or whatever --ֵ

     * ָԱ趨̣
       
~# chmod 666 /dev/port

   ´οʱ̽糣
   
2.2 ں

   IMHOҪ֮Ǳʺϵͳںˡƹѣζ
   ÿһ/usr/src/linux/ڵREADMEע
     * ϸҪɺֹһѡںˣͬʱҪ޲
       patch)Զÿһûһںʡ£LinuxΪ
       ŷʹãӦע⡣ҪǰδҪӵӲȱ
       
     * ĵCyrixоƬӦҪ޲Աߵܡй
       ϼ [2]http://www.linuxhq.com/patch/20-p0591.html
     * ʼ͵ԵûӦοϣԱĽĻӾЧ
       [3]noblink 
     * ʼ͵ԵûʹPCMCIA modem/faxǧҪ пΪģ
       룻ںˣPCMCIA޷С
       
2.3 ϢBootup Messages

   ҪԶϢȿ /etc/rc.d/rc.local ϢǷȡ
   /etc/issue /etc/motd ϢȷʵˣǾͿʼñֱд
   
   
2.4 ûƣHostname

   ָ hostname new_host_name Ӳ㡣Ӧ༭/etc/sysconfig/network
   ͸еûơ
   
2.5 Sendmail ͣ

   Щϵͳڿʱ sendmail Ӱͣ /etc/hosts зһ
   
   
127.0.0.1 localhost

2.6 豸Device Drivers

    /dev ʵ豸·е豸ܲڡ黬ݻ
   ͹̻ӦΪΣȻ鿴
   
~# cd /dev
/dev# ln -s /dev/cua0 mouse
/dev# ln -s /dev/cua1 modem
/dev# ln -s /dev/hdb cdrom

   ҲЩ豸chmod 666 ָʹûʹáע⣺Щ
   ͵Ļ /dev/psauxX11ʱӦע˵㡣
   
   ⣬chmod 666 /dev/fd*ᣬзrootûʹ̡Ȼ
   ȫ⣬֪ⷽ࣬ӭṩϡ
   
2.7 Mouse

   gpm Ļ̨ܶмΪãҲһЩӦʹû󡣼
   зһΪ/etc/sysconfig/mouse ĵ£
   
MOUSETYPE="Microsoft"
XEMU3=yes

   ⣬һ/etc/rc.d/init.d/gpmȻõ뻬
   ע⣺Щ͵У MOUSETYPE Ϊ ``PS/2''.
   
2.8 λãMount Points

   Ϊʹã̡̻DOSָ豸趨λûص
   취£
   
   ȽMS-DOS̡ext2̡̻DOSָпZIPļλ
   
   
~# cd /mnt
/# mkdir a: ; mkdir floppy ; mkdir cdrom ; mkdir win ; mkdir zip

   Ȼ޸ /etc/fstab ݣ
   
/dev/fd0        /mnt/a:         msdos           user,noauto 0 1
/dev/fd0        /mnt/floppy     ext2            user,noauto 0 1
/dev/cdrom      /mnt/cdrom      iso9660         ro,user,noauto 0 1
/dev/hda1       /mnt/dos        msdos           user,noauto 0 1
/dev/sda4       /mnt/zip        vfat            user,noauto 0 1

   Զ׼һʹȷ豸ơҪʹWin95ĳĵ
   һvfat  msdos
   
2.9 LILO  Loadlin

   ûϣͬʱLinuxDOS/Windowsײϵͳڿʱѡ
   òϵͳȼٶ /dev/hda1װ DOS/Windows /dev/hda2װ
   Linux.
   
   £
   
~# fdisk

 /dev/hda ΪĬ豸

Command (m for help):a
Partition number (1-4): 2

Command (m for help):w
~#

   ʹLinuxָԿӦLILOQuickInstʱ
   activateִУRed Hat汾Ȼ޴˹ܡ
   
   /etc/lilo.confϣ
   
boot = /dev/hda2
compact
delay = 50
# message = /boot/bootmesg.txt  # ԶϢ
root = current
image = /boot/vmlinuz
  label = linux
other = /dev/hda1
  table = /dev/hda
  label = dos

    /sbin/liloͿɿʼʹֲϵͳLILO ǰװϵͳеĹؼ
   ݣӦĶⷽס
   
   ҪDOSԶֱLinux԰ LOADLIN.EXE DOS·
   µһĿ¼DOSָڣ Ȼں˿磬
   ΪC:\DOS\VMLINUZ Ŀ¼ .BAT Ϳlinux:
   
rem   linux.bat
smartdrv /C
loadlin c:\dos\vmlinuz root=/dev/hda2 r

   ʹWindows 95趨.BATԣʹMS-DOS״̬
   
2.10 ӡ

   Red Hatù߿׾ٵ趨HP DeskJet 400ʹӡ
   Red Hat汾LinuxԼֶ趨
   
   ٶҪ÷PostScriptӡӡԭʼļ C ԭʼı
   GhostScriptӡPostScriptĵ˴ٶѰװGhostScript
   
   趨ӡĲ£
   
     * 鲢пڵĴӡ
       
~# echo "hello, world" > /dev/lp0
~# echo "hello, world" > /dev/lp1

       ĴӡͶ˿ڡ
     * 趨 spool Ŀ¼
       
~# cd /var/spool/lpd
/var/spool/lpd/# mkdir raw ; mkdir postscript

     * ӡӡĽС̨ס󣨶InkJetӡУҪ
       һӡУ
       
~# echo "first line" > /dev/lp1 ; echo "second line" > /dev/lp1

       ӡĽ£
       
first line
          second line

       ĵΪ/var/spool/lpd/raw/filter棺
       
#!/bin/sh
# ȡ̨ס
awk '{print $0, "\r"}'

       chmod 755 /var/spool/lpd/raw/filterʹΪִĵ
     * ҪPostScriptĹ򽫹Ϊ
       /var/spool/lpd/postscript/filter:
       
#!/bin/sh

DEVICE=djet500
RESOLUTION=300x300
PAPERSIZE=a4
SENDEOF=

nenscript -TUS -ZB -p- |
if [ "$DEVICE" = "PostScript" ]; then
        cat -
else
        gs -q -sDEVICE=$DEVICE \
                -r$RESOLUTION \
                -sPAPERSIZE=$PAPERSIZE \
                -dNOPAUSE \
                -dSAFER \
                -sOutputFile=- -
fi

if [ "$SENDEOF" != "" ]; then
        printf "\004"
fi

       ʹHP DeskJetӡΪݡΪӡӦӦ
       ޸ġ
     * /etc/printcapݣ
       
# /etc/printcap
lp|ps|PS|PostScript|djps:\
        :sd=/var/spool/lpd/postscript:\
        :mx#0:\
        :lp=/dev/lp1:\
        :if=/var/spool/lpd/postscript/filter:\
        :sh:
raw:\
        :sd=/var/spool/lpd/raw:\
        :mx#0:\
        :lp=/dev/lp1:\
        :if=/var/spool/lpd/raw/filter:\
        :sh:

   ӸӻصĴӡãοPrinting-HOWTO.
   
   ʹRed Hatûע⣺PrinttoolѡȡGSDEVICEڴӡһ
   õѡ񡣲postscript.cfgЩС޸ģ磬GSDEVICEcdj500
   Ϊ djet500Ϳɼӿӡٶȡ
   
3. 

3.1 bash(1)

   Ҫʹbash ϸ˵ĿζмĵҪ޸ģ
   
     * /etc/bashrc ϵͳı͹ܣ
     * /etc/profile ϵͳĻʽ
     * $HOME/.bashrc ûĵı͹ܣ
     * $HOME/.bash_profile ûĻʽ
     * $HOME/.bash_logout ˳ϵͳʱĽʽ
     * $HOME/.inputrc ҪֵλԪֵ
       
   ĽٶЩĵ޸ġȣҪĵǣ/etc/profile
   пԿһ޸ĵķʽ趨Linuxĸֹܡ
     _________________________________________________________________
   
# /etc/profile

# System wide environment and startup programs
# --ϵͳʽ
#
# Functions and aliases go in /etc/bashrc
# --/etc/bashhrcеĹܺͱ
#
# This file sets the following features:
# --ĵ趨йܣ
#
#   o path      --·
#   o prompts   --ʾ
#   o a few environment variables       --
#   o colour ls --ls ɫ
#   o less behaviour    --趨lessĹ
#   o keyboard settings --
#
# Users can override these settings and/or add others in their
# $HOME/.bash_profile
# û$HOME/.bash_profileȡЩ趨ͣ趨

# set a decent path
# 趨е·

echo $PATH | grep X11R6 > /dev/null
if [ $? = 1 ] ; then   # add entries to the path
  PATH="$PATH:/usr/X11R6/bin:$HOME/bin:."
fi

# notify the user: login or non-login shell. If login, the prompt is
# coloured in blue; otherwise in magenta. Root's prompt is red.
# ֪ͨû¼login򲻵¼non-loginΧshell
# ¼ʾΪɫΪϺɫRootʾΪɫ

USER=`whoami`
if [ $LOGNAME = $USER ] ; then
  COLOUR=44
else
  COLOUR=45
fi

if [ $USER = 'root' ] ; then
  COLOUR=41
fi

# put a real escape character instead of ^[
# Ļַ^[

PS1='^[[$COLOUR;37;1m$HOSTNAME:^[[37;40;1m\w\$ '
PS2="Continue> "

# no core dumps, please
# תڴϢ

ulimit -c 0

# set umask
# 趨umask

if [ `id -gn` = `id -un` -a `id -u` -gt 14 ]; then
        umask 002
else
        umask 022
fi

# a few variables
# 

USER=`id -un`
LOGNAME=$USER
MAIL="/var/spool/mail/$USER"
EDITOR=jed
HOSTNAME=`/bin/hostname`
HISTSIZE=1000
HISTFILESIZE=1000
export PATH PS1 PS2 USER LOGNAME MAIL EDITOR HOSTNAME HISTSIZE HISTFILESIZE

# enable colour ls
# 趨lsɫ

eval `dircolors /etc/DIR_COLORS -b`
export LS_OPTIONS='-F -s -T 0 --color=tty'

# customize less
# 趨less

LESS='-M-Q'
LESSEDIT="%E ?lt+%lt. %f"
LESSOPEN="| lesspipe.sh %s"
VISUAL=jed
LESSCHARSET=latin1
export LESS LESSEDIT LESSOPEN VISUAL LESSCHARSET

# customise the keyboard
# 趨

/sbin/kbdrate -s -r 16 -d 500

for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh ; do
        if [ -x $i ]; then
                . $i
        fi
done
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   ˴Ϊ /etc/bashrc
     _________________________________________________________________
   
# /etc/bashrc

# System wide functions and aliases
# ϵͳĹܺͱ
#
# Environment stuff goes in /etc/profile
# /etc/profileеĻ
#

alias which="type -path"
alias d="ls"
alias dir="d"
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   ˴Ϊ .bashrc
     _________________________________________________________________
   
# $HOME/.bashrc
# Source global definitions

if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then
        . /etc/bashrc
fi

# this is needed to notify the user that they are in non-login shell
# Ҫ趨Ա֪ͨ춲¼non-loginΧshellеû

COLOUR=45
# put a real escape character instead of ^[
# Ļַ^[


PS1='^[[$COLOUR;37m$USER:^[[37;40m\w\$ '

# aliases
# 

alias cp='cp -i'
alias l=less
alias lyx='lyx -width 900 -height 700'
alias mv='mv -i'
alias rm='rm -i'
alias x=startx

# A few useful functions
# õĹ

inst() # Install a .tar.gz archive in the current directory.
{ gzip -dc $1 | tar xvf - }

cz() # List the contents of a .zip archive.
{ unzip -l $* }

ctgz() # List the contents of a .tar.gz archive.
{
  for file in $* ; do
    gzip -dc ${file} | tar tf -
  done
}

tgz() # Create a .tgz archive a la zip.
{
  name=$1 ; tar -cvf $1 ; shift
  tar -rf ${name} $*
  gzip -S .tgz ${name}
}
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   ˴Ϊ.bash_profile
     _________________________________________________________________
   
# $HOME/.bash_profile

# User specific environment and startup programs
# ûضĻʽ
#
# This file contains user-defined settings that override
# those in /etc/profile
# ĵдûԶãȡ/etc/profile еֵ
#
# Get aliases and functions
# 趨͹
#
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
        . ~/.bashrc
fi

# re-get PS1 settings
# 趨PS1ֵ

if [ $USER = 'root' ] ; then
  COLOUR=41
else
  COLOUR=44
fi

# put a real escape character instead of ^[
# Ļַ^[

PS1='^[[$COLOUR;37;1m$HOSTNAME:^[[37;40;1m\w\$ '

export PS1
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   ˴Ϊ .bash_logout
     _________________________________________________________________
   
# $HOME/.bash_logout

clear
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   ˴Ϊ .inputrc
     _________________________________________________________________
   
# $HOME/.inputrc

# key bindings
# Ҫ

"\e[1~": beginning-of-line
"\e[3~": delete-char
"\e[4~": end-of-line

# (F1 .. F5) are "\e[[A" ... "\e[[E"
# (F1 .. F5) ֱΪ "\e[[A" ... "\e[[E"

"\e[[A": "info \C-m"

set bell-style visible  # please don't beep
                                                # --Ȳ
set meta-flag On         # allow 8-bit input (i.e, accented letters)
                                                # --8-λԪ루ַ
עŷ
                                                # ֻGB뼰Big5룩
set convert-meta Off    # don't strip 8-bit characters
                                                # ȡ8-λԪַ
set output-meta On       # display 8-bit characters correctly
                                                # ȷʾ8-λԪַ

set horizontal-scroll-mode On
set show-all-if-ambiguous On
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   趨вʹ backspace  delete xterm X11Ӧ
   
   
     * .xinitrcӣ
       
usermodmap=$HOME/.Xmodmap
xmodmap $usermodmap

     * .Xmodmapӣ
       
keycode 22 = BackSpace
keycode 107 = Delete

       Ͼ趨̨Ĳ Ҫ޸xterm£
     * .Xdefaults
       
xterm*VT100.Translations: #override <Key>BackSpace: string(0x7F)\n\
        <Key>Delete:        string(0x1b) string("[3~")\n\
        <Key>Home:          string(0x1b) string("[1~")\n\
        <Key>End:           string(0x1b) string("[4~")\n\
        Ctrl<Key>Prior:     string(0x1b) string("[40~")\n\
        Ctrl<Key>Next:      string(0x1b) string("[41~")

nxterm*VT100.Translations: #override <Key>BackSpace: string(0x7F)\n\
        <Key>Delete:        string(0x1b) string("[3~")\n\
        <Key>Home:          string(0x1b) string("[1~")\n\
        <Key>End:           string(0x1b) string("[4~")\n\
        Ctrl<Key>Prior:     string(0x1b) string("[40~")\n\
        Ctrl<Key>Next:      string(0x1b) string("[41~")

   bash(1)  readline(3) man˵иⷽϡ
   
   ҪΪЩ趨ÿӦж磬xtermjoeЩ
   λͲãrxvtҲͬ⡣˵termcap⡣
   
3.2 ls(1)

   lsʾĿ¼ɫʾͬĵҪʹܣ
   /etc/profileݣ
   
eval `dircolors /etc/DIR_COLORS -b`
export LS_OPTIONS='-F -T 0 --color=tty'

   趨LS_COLORSĻд/etc/DIR_COLORSеɫ
   ע⣺örxvtЩ汾ЧԭxtermеһЩ
   ԡrxvtгʱ趨Ļ
   
3.3 less(1)

   Խҳȳ򲻽һĵҲܹۿѹgzip
   tarzipʽĵĵ£
   
     * Ҫʹ÷ASCIIдһֵ.lesskey 
       homeĿ¼ڣ
       
^[[A   back-line
^[[B   forw-line
^[[C   right-scroll
^[[D   left-scroll
^[OA   back-line
^[OB   forw-line
^[OC   right-scroll
^[OD   left-scroll
^[[6~  forw-scroll
^[[5~  back-scroll
^[[1~  goto-line
^[[4~  goto-end
^[[7~  goto-line
^[[8~  goto-end

       Ȼָlesskeyɰ󶨼λĶĵ.less
     * гΪ/usr/bin/lesspipe.shĵ
         _____________________________________________________________
       
#!/bin/sh
# This is a preprocessor for 'less'.  It is used when this environment
# variable is set:   LESSOPEN="|lesspipe.sh %s"
# ΪlessԤΪLESSOPEN="|lesspipe.sh %s"
# ʱԤ
#
#
lesspipe() {
  case "$1" in
  *.tar) tar tf $1 2>/dev/null ;; # View contents of .tar and .tgz files
                                                                # Ķ.tar.tg
z
  *.tgz|*.tar.gz|*.tar.Z|*.tar.z) tar ztf $1 2>/dev/null ;;
  *.Z|*.z|*.gz) gzip -dc $1  2>/dev/null ;; # View compressed files correctly
                                                                # ȷĶѹ

  *.zip) unzip -l $1 2>/dev/null ;; # View archives
                                                                # Ķĵ
  *.arj) unarj -l $1 2>/dev/null ;;
  *.rpm) rpm -q -p -i -l $1 2>/dev/null ;;
  *.1|*.2|*.3|*.4|*.5|*.6|*.7|*.8|*.9|*.n|*.man) FILE=`file -L $1`
    FILE=`echo $FILE | cut -d ' ' -f 2`
    if [ "$FILE" = "troff" ]; then
      groff -s -p -t -e -Tascii -mandoc $1
    fi ;;
  *) FILE=`file -L $1` ; # Check to see if binary
                                                        # ǷΪĵ
    FILE1=`echo $FILE | cut -d ' ' -f 2`
    FILE2=`echo $FILE | cut -d ' ' -f 3`
    if [ "$FILE1" = "Linux/i386" -o "$FILE2" = "Linux/i386" \
         -o "$FILE1" = "ELF" -o "$FILE2" = "ELF" ]; then
      strings $1
    fi ;;
  esac
}

lesspipe $1
         _____________________________________________________________
       
       and remember to make it executable with chmod 755 lesspipe.sh. м
       Ϊchmod 755 lesspipe.shµĿִе
     *  /etc/profileӣ
       
LESS="-M-Q"                     # long prompt, silent --ʾ
LESSEDIT="%E ?lt+%lt. %f"       # edit top line --༭
LESSOPEN="| lesspipe.sh %s"     # filter --
VISUAL=jed                      # default editor---insert your favourite
                                                                # Ĭϱ༭---
ϲı༭
LESSCHARSET=latin1              # display accented letters if needed
                                                                # Ҫʱʾ
ַ
export LESS LESSEDIT LESSOPEN VISUAL LESSCHARSET

       ˴趨LESSCHARSETΪ߾סҪʹISO 8859/1
       Եʣˡձˡ˹˵ʿòҪ
       趨
       
3.4 emacs(1)

   Щemacs 汾ûԤɫ﷨ʾ.emacs
   
(global-font-lock-mode t)
(setq font-lock-maximum-decoration t)

   ֻX11áλemacs̽ϸҪ趨 -- ʱ
   ҪķѼµʱ....
   
3.5 joe(1)

   /usr/bin/еjmacs jstarjpico ǷsymlinkjoeǶĶ
   ƳʽΪߣ򲻷symlink,ԽʡӲ̿ռ䡣
   
~# cd /usr/bin
/usr/bin# ln -sf joe jmacs ; ln -sf joe jstar ; ln -sf joe jpico

   ȻֻҪ/usr/lib/joe/joercΪ.joerchomeĿ¼Ҫ
   ġ
   
3.6 jed

   ǸΪõı༭emacsСãIMHOģ༭
   Ҳ൱߹Ĵѧʹ߶jedģVMSϵͳı༭
   EDT
   
   ĵΪ.jedrc  /usr/lib/jed/lib/*ǰ߿ɴĿ¼еjed.rc޸
   á
   
     * Ҫʹ jed ȷʹһЩλдһ/usr/lib/jed/lib/defaults.sl
       ֻһУ
       
() = evalfile("linux");

     * ༭ /usr/lib/jed/lib/linux.sl; ȥInfo_Directory = "/usr/info";
       ǰעͷŲUCB_Mailer =; /bin/mail
     * jed ĲʹģEDT ༭Ĺѣֻ
       .jedrcеļݡ ҪСеġ+ɾֻ֣ɾһ
       ĸ.jedrc() = evalfile("edt");֮ݣ
       
unsetkey("\eOl");
unsetkey("\eOP\eOl");
setkey("edt_wdel", "\eOl");
setkey("edt_uwdel", "\eOP\eOl");

     * EDTģУҪʹxjedʹС̣.Xmodmapݣ
       
keycode 77  = KP_F1
keycode 112 = KP_F2
keycode 63  = KP_F3
keycode 82  = KP_F4
keycode 86  = KP_Separator

       ͬʱȷ/etc/X11/XF86Configݣ
       
#    ServerNumLock  # must be commented out --ȡǰעͷ
    XkbDisable

       XFree3.2ʹñ׼λ̣XkbDisable
       ܻһЩС⡣Լʲ⡣
     * .XdefaultsݿԸxjedɫ
       
xjed*Geometry: 80x32+150+50
xjed*font: 10x20
xjed*background: midnight blue

       xjed.docĵиⷽϡ
       
3.7 TeX and Friends

   װTeTeXм趨
   
     * ʹַhyphenation
       /usr/lib/texmf/texmf/tex/generic/config/language.datȻУ
       
~# texconfig init ; texconfig hyphen

     * /usr/lib/texmf/texmf/tex/latex/ĵŰװLaTeX
       Ӧ texhashʹTeTeX ʶ
     * Ҫ趨dvips, ༭/usr/lib/texmf/texmf/dvips/config/config.ps
       ע⣺йĬϷֱʵĲҲӰ xdviУÿʱֶ
       Ҫ壬ɸĶ .Xdefault£
       
XDvi*mfmode:

       Ӧ
       
3.8 PPP

   ĿǰLinuxں˼ѱPPP + TCP/IPܣ趨˻͵ַ
   loopbackȷװpppdַʽʹPPPa
   ֶ趨ͣbһʽԶ趨ȣֶ趨
   
   ٶISP£
   
     * Phone number: 1234567 --绰
     * Name server: 123.231.112.111 --ŷַ
     * Mail server: mbox.supernet.edu --ʼŷַ
     * Domain: supernet.edu --
     * Remote hostname: www.supernet.edu --Զ
     * Your username: John --û
     * Your password: _Loo%ny --û
       
   ֶPPPķʽΪ
   
     *  /usr/local/bin/ppp-onISPӣ
       
#!/bin/sh
# ppp-on: script to connect to an ISP --ISPĳʽ
INIT=ATX3  # or whatever your modem wants --ضݻ
PHONE=1234567
/usr/sbin/pppd connect "/usr/sbin/chat '' $INIT OK ATDP$PHONE \
CONNECT '' " user John

       Ȼchmod 755 /usr/local/bin/ppp-onʹΪִеISP
       ʹPAPЭ飬гʽ
       
#!/bin/sh
# ppp-on: script to connect to an ISP ----ISPĳʽ
INIT=atx3  # or whatever your modem wants ----ضݻ
PHONE=1234567
/usr/sbin/pppd connect "/usr/sbin/chat '' $INIT OK ATDT$PHONE \
CONNECT '' 'ogin' John 'word' _Loo%ny ''" /dev/modem 38400 \
modem defaultroute

     * /usr/local/bin/ppp-offڽPPPӣ
       
#!/bin/sh
# ppp-off  --ĵ
DEVICE=ppp0
if [ -r /var/run/$DEVICE.pid ]; then
  kill -INT `cat /var/run/$DEVICE.pid`
  if [ ! "$?" = "0" ]; then
    echo "removing stale $DEVICE pid file."
    rm -f /var/run/$DEVICE.pid ; exit 1
  fi
  echo "$DEVICE link terminated" ; exit 0
fi
# link not active
echo "$DEVICE link is not active" ; exit 1

       chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/ppp-offʹΪִе
     * д/etc/ppp/options
       
# /etc/ppp/options  --ĵ
/dev/modem
38400
lock
crtscts
modem
asyncmap 0
remotename www.supernet.edu
defaultroute

     * ISPʹPAPЭ飨ISPʹã/etc/ppp/pap-secrets
       
# /etc/ppp/pap-secrets  --ĵ
# username     remotehost           secret
# û       Զ          û
John           www.supernet.edu     _Loo%ny

     * ༭ /etc/resolv.conf
       
# /etc/resolv.conf  --ĵ
search supernet.edu
nameserver 123.231.112.111

     * ༭ /etc/sendmail.cfѰDSʼһУ£
       
DSmbox.supernet.edu

   ã趨͹ˡǾ׼ʼ
   PPP-HOWTOɡ
   
   Ͼֶáһײ£
   Ϊezpppַҵ
   [4]http://www.serv.net/~cameron/ezppp/index.html 
   
3.9 POPû˳

   ҪPOPŷȡʼʹPOPû˳fetchpop fetchmailȡ
   ISPPPPŷ֧LASTָ߿Ψһõķ
   
   Щû˳ķ£
   
     * fetchpop״ʱҪṩһЩϡشᣬ
       趨
     * fetchmail¡ .fetchmailrc
       
# $HOME/.fetchmailrc  --ĵ
poll mbox.supernet.edu with protocol pop3;
  user john there with password _Loo%ny is john here
  mda "/usr/bin/procmail -f fetchmail"

       һвǱ衣chmod 600 .fetchmailrc 趨˵ʹȨ
       fetchmailȫܾС
       
3.10 X Ӵϵͳ

   һX Ӵᣨȷ趨ʾϸ¹Ϳɫ
   ãȫȡʹúӴ򡣲ףֻǱ
   homeĿ¼ڵһ򼸸ASCIIĵӴ
   
     * fvwm/etc/X11/fvwm/system.fvwmrcΪ.fvwmrchomeĿ¼
       ݲʼ顣system.fvwmrc ʵڼ򵥣fvwmƽ
     * fvwm95-2/etc/X11/fvwm95-2/fvwm2rc95Ϊ.fvwm2rc95homeĿ¼
       Ȼб༭ʵ൱á
     * TheNextLevelá/etc/X11/TheNextLevel/.*homeĿ¼
       ϸĶԸݡ .fvwm2rc.defines
       
   ⣬һҪʵ.xinitrc磺
   
#!/bin/sh

# $HOME/.xinitrc --ĵ

# set a few keys correctly --λ趨ȷ

usermodmap=$HOME/.Xmodmap
xmodmap $usermodmap

xset s noblank  # turn off the screen saver --ֹͣĻ
xset s 300 2    # screen saver start after 5 min --5ῪʼĻ
xsetroot -solid "medium blue" &

# rxvt ʡڴ棬м
#   - homeend
#   - backspacedeletęʱòͬ
#   - ɫջ趨
#   - 뻷ʱгͻ
# ˣ£xtermȽϺárxvtһЩɫӦʾϺá

xterm -ls -bg black -fg white -sb -sl 500 -j -ls -fn 10x20 -fb 10x20bold \
-title "Color xterm" -geometry 80x25+150+0 &

fvwm95-2

3.11 Fortran

   ݾ飬g77Fortran-to-Cf2cǰyaf77
   
   yaf77ɴ
   [5]ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/devel/languages/fortran/yaf77-1.4.t
   gz侵ַȡá
   
3.12 û

   û״ε¼ʱмĵáɽõ
   /etc/skelУbashrcbash_profilebash_logoutinputrcless
   xinitrcfvwmrcfvwm2rc95XmodmapXdefaultsjedrcjoercemacs
   
   ע⣺ŰԵʣÿĵǰδá.ţ
   
   .pinerc ޷г趨Ҫ趨user-domainsmtp-server
   nntp-server Ĳ
   
4. 

4.1 Ȩ עȨ룩

   Unless otherwise stated, Linux HOWTO documents are copyrighted by
   their respective authors. Linux HOWTO documents may be reproduced and
   distributedin whole or in part, in any medium physical or electronic,
   as long as thiscopyright notice is retained on all copies. Commercial
   redistribution is allowed and encouraged; however, the author would
   like to be notified of any such distributions.
   
   All translations, derivative works, or aggregate works incorporating
   any Linux HOWTO documents must be covered under this copyright notice.
   That is, you may not produce a derivative work from a HOWTO and impose
   additional restrictions on its distribution. Exceptions to these rules
   may be granted under certain conditions; please contact the Linux
   HOWTO coordinator at the address given below.
   
   In short, we wish to promote dissemination of this information through
   as many channels as possible. However, we do wish to retain copyright
   on the HOWTO documents, and would like to be notified of any plans to
   redistribute the HOWTOs.
   
   If you have questions, please contact Greg Hankins, the Linux HOWTO
   coordinator, at gregh@sunsite.unc.edu via email.
   
4.2 ߻Ӧ

   HOWTOȣHOWTOҪĽ顢֧֡ǻӭ
   һһҪκ©֪֮ͨ
   Red Hat֮Linux汾õͬĿ¼
   ڣҲ֪ͨңԱ㽫䲹롣ֻϣʹLinuxá
   
   Linuxڵ󣬲ȫ˵Ҫ޶ڡ
   ΧڡʲǡǾֻж
   
   
4.3 

   ϵͳ-HOWTOΪGuido Gonzato [6]guido@ibogfs.cineca.it. 
   HOWTOߺͱдmanʹ˵ʿҶл⣬Ϊ
   ʱǵƷࡣ
   
   ġڵݡӡѾʹȷ󣬵ʹڵ
   ʱԸҲʹñڵɵκ𺦳еΡ
   
   ݸ߸ԭ޹ء಻ʹñ
   ش
   
   ϣĶáʵϣÿڰװLinuxʱá
   
   Guido =8-)

References

   1. mailto:guido@ibogfs.cineca.it
   2. http://www.linuxhq.com/patch/20-p0591.html
   3. ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/kernel/patches/console/noblink-1.7.tar.gz
   4. http://www.serv.net/~cameron/ezppp/index.html
   5. ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/devel/languages/fortran/yaf77-1.4.tgz
   6. mailto:guido@ibogfs.cineca.it
