  Building and Installing Software Packages for Linux
  Mendel Leo Cooper " <mailto:thegrendel@theriver.com>" "
  <http://personal.riverusers.com/~thegrendel/>"
  v1.62, 19 August 1998
  c  i  <mailto:tsukasa_i@bigfoot.com>
  v1.10, 8 September 1998

  ̕ Linux ňʓI UNIX ̃\tgEFA\zACXg[
  邽߂̕IȃKChłBɁA  Linux p̃pbP
  [W̏ڂĂ܂B
  ______________________________________________________________________

  Table of Contents

  1. 
  2. t@C̓WJ
  3. Make ̎gp
  4. RpCσoCipbP[W
  5. Termcap  Terminfo ̖
  6. a.out `̃oCiɂẲʌ݊
     6.1 

  7. guV[eBO
     7.1 NG[
     7.2 ̖̑
     7.3 PƍœK
     7.4 Ȃ̓

  8. ŏIiK
  9. P̗FXscrabble
  10. Q̗FXloadimage
  11. R̗FFortune
  12. \[X̓
  13. Ō
  14. Ql

  ______________________________________________________________________

  1.  

  Linux܂ފeUNIXp̃\tgEFȂ̓\[Xt@CkEA[
  JCuꂽ`ŔzzĂ܂B\tgEFÃpbP[W
  ̃}V"\z"邱ƂŁAsł悤ɂȂ܂BāA
  ̂悤ɂ邱ƂłUNIX̃VXeɗpӂԂJ
  ̂łB\[Xzz΁ApbP[W͂Pł̂łBȂ
  A肵lKvɉăpb`𓖂Ăł邩łBނ̃\
  tgEFA̔zzpbP[Ŵ悤ɂėlXȕω𐋂ăCe
  }VDECAlphaARISC[NXe[V⃁Ct[łsł
  悤ɂȂ̂łBsKɂAۂɂ͂̂ƂGh[U[Ƀ\tg
  EFA"\z"Ƃdׂ^Ă܂̂łBāȀꍇ̃G
  h[U[͎"VXeǗ"A܂AL[{[hɌ
  Ă...ȂłBACoĂB̎菇͂
  KChŐ悤ɎvĂ낵_IȂ̂ł܂
  B

  2.  t@C̓WJ

  ܂A\tgEFÃpbP[W_E[hȂǂāA肵܂B
  ƂoĂ̂ .tar.gz ܂ .tgz ̌`̂(
  fBNgɂ̃t@CRs[܂BāAgzip -d mt@C
  n Ƃ .tar `̃t@Cł̂ŁAtar xvf mt@C
  nƂēWJ܂B@\R}h tar xzvf mt@Cn
  Ƃ̂܂BʁAWJƂɐVɃfBNg
  āÃfBNg̒ɓKȃt@CWJ܂B

  FApbP[W̃t@C .Z ƂgqĂAL
  ̕@łSx܂񂪁Auncompress mt@CnƂ
  ƂŁA tar xvf mt@Cn ƂĂWJł܂B

  L 'tar balls' WJ@͗ƂLƓ܂B

  o  gzip -cd filename | tar xvf -

  o  gunzip -c filename | tar xvf -

  bzip2(.bz2)ƂVk`ňkꂽ\[Xt@C bzip2 -cd
  mt@Cn | tar xvf - Ƃ邩Agzip  bzip2 ̂߂̃pb`
  ĂĂȂΒP tar xyvf mt@Cn Ƃ邾łB (ڂ
  Bzip2 HOWTO ({ŁF <http://jf.gee.kyoto-u.ac.jp/JF/JF-ftp/other-
  formats/Bzip2/Bzip2.html/> pŁF
  <ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/mini/Bzip>) QƂĂ
  B)

  mL̏̉MAɓ R. Brock Lynn Ɋӂ܂Bn

  \tgEFApbP[W̐ݒɉă[U[̃z[fBNg
  ꍇɂẴ͓fBNgɃt@CWJACXg[Ȃ
  ΂ȂȂƂ܂BWJĂƂɃG[oȂÂ
  Ƃ܂BhLgt@C̒ł README 
  Install Ƃ̂΁ÃhLgQƂāAݒt@C
   Makefile KvɉĕҏWĂB

  ӁF\łȂʂɂȂ邱Ƃ̂ŁAʏA Imake p̃t@C
  ͕ҏWȂł傤B

  \tgEFApbP[WɂĂ make install Ǝs邱ƂŃoCi
  t@C̃fBNgɎIɃCXg[悤ɂȂĂ
  ̂܂B

  ƂāAύX_LĂpb`t@C (difft@C) gēWJ
  \[Xt@CAbvf[gAoOtBbNX肷Kv
  ȏꍇ܂BXV̂̓hLgt@CREADMEt@C
  ̂Ă܂BʁALarry Wall̋͂ȃpb`[eBeB[ patch <
  mpb`t@Cn ƂĎs܂B

  ł́A\z̒iKւƐi݂܂傤B

  3.  Make ̎gp

  Makefile ͍\ziǨƂȂ̂łBRpCāAs\ȃ\t
  gEFA"oCit@C"\z邽߂̃XNvgƂ̂
  Makefile ̍ł{Iȗp@łBMakefile ͑SẴt@CăRpC
  Ƀ\tgEFÃo[WAbv邱Ƃo܂Â
  ͂ł͊֌WȂ̂ł܂ʂ̘bɂȂ܂B

  ̒iK Makefile  cc  gcc s܂Bmɂ́A
  Makefile ̎wɂăvvZbT C ( C++)̃RpC⃊J
  s܂B

  ʁAmake sɂ make ƃ^Cv邾łBsƁA
  ̓pbP[W̕KvȑSĂ̎s\t@C\z܂BAmake
  ̂Ƃ邱Ƃo܂BႦ΁At@CK؂ȃfBNgɃC
  Xg[ (make install) AÂIuWFNgt@C܂
  (make clean)B make -n Ǝs邱ƂŁAۂ̏ȂŁAmake
  ĂяoׂĂ̖߂o͂邱ƂŁA\z̃vZXmF邱Ƃo
  ܂B

  ɒPȃ\tgʓI Makefile gp܂BƕGȃC
  Xg[Ƃł Makefile ̐ݒȂ̃}ṼCuCN
  [ht@C⃊\[Xɍ킹Kv܂B̂Ƃ͓ɃCX
  g[鎞X11̃CuKvȂƂɋN܂BImake  xmkmf
  ̍ƂĂ܂B

  many[ẄpɂƁAImakefile  Makefile "ev[g "
  B imake [eBeB[ Imakefile VXeɍ Makefile
  쐬܂BAقƂǂ̏ꍇAxmkmfs邱ƂɂȂł
  Bxmkmf  imake s邽߂̃VFXNvgłAtgG
  hł܂B̓Iɂǂ̂悤ɂ邩̓\tgEFAA[JCu
  Ă README  INSTALL ƂÕt@C`FbNĂ
  B imake  xmkmf ̓̏ڍׂɂĂ man y[Wǂł
  B

   /usr/bin  /usr/local/bin ̃fBNgփoCit@Cړ
  邽߂ make install sƂɂ́Axmkmf  make  root 
  ȂċNKv邱ƂƂƂɒӂĂBroot
  Ȃʂ̃[U[ɂ̓VXefBNgւ̏݌
  ̂ make gpƂ炭݋ۂ̃G[oł傤Bo
  Cit@C̎sK؂ȃ[U[ɓK؂ɐݒ肳Ă邩ǂ
  mFĂB

  xmkmf ͓K؂ȐV Makefile VXeɍ쐬邽߂ Imakefile 
  gp܂Bʏ͎I make Makefiles, make includes, make depend
  s邽߂ -a IvVt xmkmf s܂B
  ƁACuRpC⃊J̏ꏊϐdefineɒ`܂B
  ǂA ImakefileȂāAɓl̂Ƃs邽߂ INSTALL
   configure ƂXNvg݂邱Ƃ܂B

  ӁF configure sȂAmɃJgfBNg
  configure XNvgs邽߂ ./configure ƎsׂłB
  ̏ꍇACXg[̎菇READMEt@CpbP[W̒
  Ă܂B

  xmkmf CXg[XNvg쐬 Makefile ۂɌďڂ_
  ̂ǂł傤B Makefile ͒ʏAȂ̃VXeɂĐ
  ݒ肳Ă͂łAƂĎƂ Makefile  "ҏW"
  AG[菜肷Kvɔ邱Ƃ܂B

  ʓIȃCXg[̃vZX͎̂悤ɂȂĂ܂B

  o  READMEt@C⑼̓KȃhLgǂ݂܂B

  o  xmkmf -a ܂ INSTALL  configure ƂXNvgs
     B

  o  Makefile`FbN܂B

  o  KvɉāAmake clean , make Makefiles , make includes , make
     depend s܂B

  o  makes܂B

  o  t@C̃p[~bVmF܂B

  o  KvɉāA make install s܂B

  4.  RpCσoCipbP[W

  ŃpbP[W\[Xt@C\zăCXg[̂͂
  ȍƂƂ rpm  deb Ȃǂ̐lĈpbP[W𗘗p
  Linux[U[܂Bʏ rpm gƂǂ̈Iy[eB
  OVXeƓ炢ȂAvɃpbP[WCXg[ł邱
  ł傤ARpCς̃oCipbP[W͎ŃCXg[
  ƂƂ̒ƂɂȂƂӌ܂B

  ܂Aʏ\tgEFÃoCipbP[W̓\[Xt@C[X
  đoĂ烊[XƂƂmĂĂBł
  AAɍŐVł̃\tgEFAǂčŝȂA rpm
   deb ô҂͓̂ł͂Ȃł傤BłAL
  \tgEFÃpbP[WɂĂ͂ꂩ rpmȂ̂
  ł傤B

  rpm ̃pbP[WCXg[͕̂KZp킹ĂȂl
  ΂肪̂ł͂܂BAˑ֌Wŋ΁Arpm ̃C
  Xg[͎sł傤BlɁAV{bNNԈC
  uɒĂĂ rpm ݂̃VXeœ삵Ă郉Cu
  o[WƂ͈Ⴄo[W̃CuvĂȂ΁ACXg
  [͎s܂B݂ɕKvȃp[~bV𓾂邽߂ rpm
   deb CXg[Ƃɂ́Aroot ɂȂKv܂BA
  Ƃɐ[ȃZLeB[z[ۂƊJĂ邩
  ܂BƂ̂́AVXẽoCi⃉CuɑŌ^
  邩ȂAVXeɑQ^悤ȃgC̖ؔnCXg
  [꓾ƂƂ̂łB

  łBǂ̂悤ȏꍇɂCXg[O rpm --checksig mpbP[
  Wn Ƃ 'VOl``FbN'̂ǂł傤Bl rpm
  --verify mpbP[Wn Ƃ̂Ă܂B{ɕ΋
  l(̏ꍇ΋a̐l̂߂ɂƂ񂠂܂B)̂߂
  Sunsite ( <ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/utils/package>) 
  utils/package fBNgpbP[W`FbNAWJ邽߂
  unrpm  rpmunpack [eBeB[\łB

  The martian (
  <http://www.people.cornell.edu/pages/rc42/program/martian.html>) 
  alien ( <http://kitenet.net/programs/alien/>) ƂvO rpm,
  deb, tar.gz ƂpbP[W̌`𑊌݂ɕϊ邱Ƃł܂B
  ̃[eBeB[őSĂ Linux ̃fBXgr[VŗlX
  \tgEFApbP[W𗘗p邱Ƃł悤ɂȂ܂B

  rpm  deb ̍łȒPȎgp@ rpm -i mt@Cn dpkg
  --install mt@Cn Ƃ܂BƁAIɓWJACXg[
  ܂BAVXȅԂsɂ蓮삵ȂȂ\
  ̂ŁAłɂ̃R}hgpȂ悤pSĂB

  ӁFQ͈̔͂͏ȂłAĽx Slackware  pkgtool [
  eBeB[ɂĂ͂܂܂B\tgEFA"" CXg[͂
  ̂悤Ȃ̂ɂĂӂ悤ɂĂB

  rpm  dpkg ɂĔO man y[Wǂނ悤ɂĂB
  āAڍׂɂĂ RPM HOWTO (
  <ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/RPM-HOWTO>)  TFUG's
  Quick Guide to Red Hat's Package Manager (
  <http://www.tfug.org/helpdesk/linux/rpm.html>)  The Debian Package
  Management Tools ( <http://www.debian.org/doc/FAQ/debian-faq-7.html>)
  QƂĂB

  5.  Termcap  Terminfo ̖

  man y[WɂƁAuterminfo ̓XN[֘ÃvOgp
  ^[~ǐ`LqĂf[^x[XłB....v Ƃ܂B
  Terminfo ̓fBXvCɃ^[~i̕\̂ɈʓIȃRg
  [R[h(GXP[vR[h)̐ݒ`邽߂̂̂ŁAʂȃh
  CoKvƂ邱ƂȂlXȃ^[~in[hEFAŃ\tgEFA
  퓮삷悤ɂ܂BTerminfo ͌Â termcap ɂقƂǂƂ
  ܂BʏA termcap KvƂpbP[Wăv
  ÕCXg[ł̂ƂɂċCgKv͂܂B

  قƂǂ Linux ̃fBXgr[V͌ terminfo gpĂ
  ܂BA܂ɌÂ termcap ͐̂̃AvP[V̌݊
  ̂߂ɑ݂܂BƂǂA termcap NoCi̎gpy
  ɂ邽߂ɃCXg[Kv̂ʂȌ݊ێ̂߂̃pbP[
  W܂B߂ɂ܂񂪁A\[Xt@C " #define termcap
  " ƂXe[ggRgAEgKvƂ邱Ƃ܂B
  ̂ƂɂĂ̏͂ꂼ̃fBXgr[V̓K؂ȃhL
  gǂނ悤ɂĂB

  6.  a.out `̃oCiɂẲʌ݊

  ܂ɂȂƂȂ̂łA\[XR[hłȂA܂
  ܂ȗv ELF oCił͍\zs\łƂR a.out oCi
  gKvɔ邱Ƃ܂B

  ܂悭A ELF ̃CXg[̂Ƃ a.out ̊SȃCu
  /usr/i486-linuxaout/lib fBNgɃCXg[܂B_IɁA
  a.out ̃oCi͂̃Cu^CCuƂēǂݏo
  ̂ŁAǂݏo悤ɂĂȂ΂Ȃ܂BAɃ^
  CCugpƂ͌܂B

  ӁFa.out oCisɂ̓J[lɒځA܂̓[_u
  W[Ƃ a.out ̃T|[gݒ肵ăJ[l\zKv
  ܂BJ[lč\zKv邩܂BɁA Linux 
  fBXgr[VɂĂ Debian  a.out  X AvP[V
  s邽߂ xcompat ̂悤ȓʂȌ݊ێ̂߂̃pbP[W
  CXg[Kv܂B

  6.1.  

  NO Jerry Smith ɕ֗ rolodex ƂvO
  B̃vO Motif Cugp܂AD^ȂƂ
  a.out ̃CuÓINĂoCi肷邱Ƃł
  BsKȂƂ́A lesstif Cugă\[Xč\zƎs
  ƂƂłBɕsKȂƂ ELF VXeł a.out ̃oCi
  ƂƂeƂȂ莟̂悤ȃG[bZ[Wo͂܂B
       xrolodex: can't load library '//lib/libX11.so.3' No such library

  ܂܁A /usr/i486-linuxaout/lib ɂÕCu
  BA xrolodex ͎sɃCüʒuw肷邱Ƃł
  BPȉ@̓V{bNN /lib fBNgɍ邱Ƃ
  B

       ln -s /usr/i486-linuxaout/lib/X11.so.3.1.0 libX11.so.3

  Kvɉ libXt.so.3  libc.so.4 ɂĂlɃV{bN
  N܂BA̍Ƃ root ɂȂKv܂B

  ӁF΂ɂ炩߃CXg[Ă郉Cu㏑A
  o[W̋N肵Ȃ悤Ɋm߂悤ɂĂB

  xrolodex  Spectro( <http://www.spectro.com/xrolodex.html>) 
  ł܂B

  7.  guV[eBO

  xmkmf  make G[oɐIAu̒iKvɐi݂
  傤BAuہvɂ͈xł܂sƂ͖őɂ܂B
  ŁAȂ̋@m𒍂ނ̂łB

  7.1.  NG[

  o  xmkmfsĂƂĂA Link error: -lX11: No such file or
     directory AƂG[ make s邱ƂƎv܂B
     ̌ Imakefile K؂ɐݒ肳ĂȂł傤B
     Makefile̍ŏ̈̕ȉ̂悤ȍsmFĂB

       LIB=            -L/usr/X11/lib
       INCLUDE=        -I/usr/X11/include/X11
       LIBS=           -lX11 -lc -lm

  -L  -I IvVŁAꂼꃉCuƃCN[ht@CT
  ꏊRpCƃJɑ΂Ďw肵܂B̗̏ꍇAX11̃Cu
   /usr/X11/lib fBNgɁA X11 ̃CN[ht@C
  /usr/X11/include/X11 fBNgɂȂĂ܂BAꂪȂ
  }VɂfBNgƊԈĂAMakefile ɓKȕύX
  āAx make sĂB

  o  ̂悤ɌvZ̃CuŊ֐̎QƐ悪`ĂȂƂG
     [ł܂B

       /tmp/cca011551.o(.text+0x11): undefined reference to `cos'

  ̃oO菜ɂ Makefile  LIB  LIBS  -lm ČvZC
  uɂ͂ƃN邱Ƃ΂悢̂łB(O̗QƂ
  B)
  o  ܂ȂƂłA root ɂȂ ldconfig s邱ƂŁA
     ł邱Ƃ܂B

     /etc/ldconfig -n /lib ƎsƁALCuւ̃V{bN
     N𒣂蒼܂B́Aʏ͂Kv͂܂B

  o  xmkmf sƂA̕@ƂāAL̃XNvgsĂ
     B

       make -DUseInstalled -I/usr/X386/lib/X11/config

  o  ܂ɁA\[XR[h\ẑɌÂ X11R5 ̃CuKvƂ
     邱Ƃ܂BA /usr/X11R6/lib ̒ R5 ̃Cu
      (ŏ Linux CXg[ƂɃIvVƂăCXg[
     邩ǂ܂B)ȂA\tgEFA̍\zɕKvȃCu
     ɃN𒣂Kv܂B R5 ̃Cu libX11.so.3.1.0
     , libXaw.so.3.1.0 , libXt.so.3.1.0 ƂOłBʏA
     libX11.so.3  libX11.so.3.1.0 ւƂ悤ɃN𒣂Kv
     ܂B\tgEFAɂĂ libX11.so  libX11.so.3.1.0 ɃN
     𒣂Kv邱Ƃ܂BA"Ȃ"N
     𒣂邽߂ɂrootɂȂāAln -s libX11.so.3.1.0 libX11.so Ǝs
     ĂB

  o  pbP[WɂĂ͈A܂͕̃CuXVKv
     ł傤BႦ΁AStarDivision GmbH  the StarOffice suite 
     libc ̃o[W5.4.4ȏKvƂ܂B root ɂȂāACu
     K؂ȃfBNgɃRs[āAÂCuAV{
     bNN𒣂蒼Kvł傤B

  ӁFAsƃVXe삵ȂȂĂ܂̂ŁAL̂
  Ƃɂ͏\ӂčƂĂB

  ʏAŐṼCuSunsite( <ftp://sunsite.unc.edu>)Ō邱
  Ƃo܂B

  7.2.  ̖̑

  o  PerlVFXNvgCXg[Ăɂ炸A No
     such file or directory ƂG[bZ[Wo邱Ƃ
     B̏ꍇÃt@Cs\ǂp[~bVmF
     ĂB܂AXNvg̃t@C̈ԍŏ̍sɋLqĂ
     sׂVFvOw肳Ăꏊɂ邩ǂ
     mFĂBႦ΁AXNvĝ͎悤Ɏn܂Ă͂
     B

       #!/usr/local/bin/perl

  Perl  /usr/local/bin ł͂Ȃ /usr/bin ɃCXg[Ă΁A
  XNvg͓삵Ȃł傤B삳ɂ͂Q̕@܂BX
  Nvgt@C̍ŏ̍s #!/usr/bin/perl ɏ邩A ln -s
  /usr/bin/perl /usr/local/bin/perl ƎsāAK؂ȃfBNgփV
  {bNN𒣂Ƃ̂łB

  o  X11 ̃\tgEFA̒ɂ͍\ẑ Motif ̃CuKvƂ
     ̂܂Bʂ Linux fBXgr[Vɂ Motif 
     Cu͓Ă炸A݁A Motif ͕ʓr $100`$200 
     B(At[EFA Lesstif( <http://www.lesstif.org/>) 
     ̏ꍇ삵܂B) \zƂɂ Motif ̃CuKv
     łAȂ΁AÓIɃNoCit@C肷邱Ƃ
     ł邩m܂BÓIȃN̓oCigƃCũ[
     `Ă܂BāAt@C͑傫Ȃ܂ACu
     Ă삵܂B

  o  Configure XNvgsƍ\z悤ƂĂpbP[WƂ
     ֌W̖悤Ȃ Makefile 쐬Ă܂Ƃ܂B
      path Ō̃fBNg̊Ԉ configure s
     Ă܂ƂƂłB̂悤ȂƂ邽߂ɁAK
     ./configure ƎsĂB

  o  Linux ̃fBXgr[V libc 5 V libc 6 (glibc 2)
     ɈڍsĂƂłBCuo[WAbv邱ƂŌ
     CugpĂRpCς̃oCit@CȂ
     Ȃ邱Ƃ邩܂Bɑ΂@̓\tgEFA\
     [XRpCȂAVRpCς̃oCiɓ
     邱ƂłBAVXẽCu libc 6 Ƀo[WAb
     vĂƂɂ̂悤ȖɑȂA Eric Green  Glibc
     2 HOWTO QƂĂB

  o  XA Makefile ̃RpCIvV -ansi IvVK
     v܂B̂悤ɂ邱ƂŁA gcc  ANSI g@\gp
     悤ɂȂÅg@\KvƂpbP[W\zł悤
     ɂȂ܂B(̓_ɂĎwEĂꂽ Sebastien Blondeel Ɋ
     ܂B)

  o  vOɂĂ root œ삳邽߂ root  setuid 
     ZbgKv܂Broot  setuid Zbgɂ root 
     ȂĂ chmod u+s <t@C> Ǝs܂B(ӁFvO
     L҂͂炩 root ɂĂȂ΂Ȃ܂B)邱
     ŁAt@C̃p[~bV setuid rbg𗧂Ă܂Bsetuid 
     ZbgȂ΂ȂȂƂ̂悤Ȗ̓vOf
     CD-ROM hCû悤ȃVXẽn[hEFAɃANZXƂA
     Ƃ鈫G~[^[̂悤 SVGA ̃CuR\[
     [hĂяoƂɋN܂B

  xFroot  setuid ZbgvO̓VXẽZLeB
  ̊댯𔺂܂BvO root œ삷̂ŁAvIȔQ
  󂯂\܂Bsetuid rbg𗧂ĂOɕKvɉă\[X
  t@CāAvÔAm߂ĂB

  7.3.  PƍœK

  Makefile ɃVXeɍœKȃIvVݒ肳Ă邩ǂׂĂ
  ł傤BႦ΁A -O2 IvV͍ōx̍œKsA
  -fomit-frame-pointer IvV͏oCi쐬܂B (
  AfobO͏oȂȂ܂B)Iɍ\zĂƂ⎩
  Ă邩Ȃl͂̃IvVȂ悤ɂĂ
  B

  7.4.  Ȃ̓

  ̌oɂƁAAvP[V̂QT"̃Rs[^[
  "\zł܂B̂TO͑召lXȓw͂ɂāA\z
  悤"P"܂Bɂ炸ÂƂ͖cȐ̃pb
  P[W\z̍ۂɉ炩̖Ă邱ƂĂ܂B
  AƂɂƁA Intel p ELF  a.out ̃oCi Sunsite(
  <ftp://sunsite.unc.edu>)  TSX-11( <ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu>) Ō
  邩m܂B Red Hat( <ftp://redhat.com>)  Debian(
  <ftp://www.debian.org>) ɂ͗L Linux ̃\tgEFÂقƂǂo
  CipbP[WƂȂĖcȃA[JCuƂĒuĂ܂BA\
  tgEFA̍҂ȂgĂ̂Ɠ}Vp̃oCiRp
  CĔzzĂꂽ̂ł傤B

  ӁF炩߃RpCĂoCi肵ȂAȂ
  VXeƂ̌݊𒲂ׂKv܂B

  o  oCi͂Ȃ̃n[hEFAœ삷邩B (Ⴆ΁AIntel x86n
     ̂̂ǂ)

  o  oCi͂Ȃ̃}ṼJ[lƂ̌݊邩B (Ⴆ΁A
     a.out`Ȃ̂ ELF`Ȃ̂)

  o  ŐṼCuKvƂǂB

  o  VXe(rpm  deb)̂悤ȓK؂ȃ[eBeB[Ă邩
     ǂB

  AǂĂ߂A comp.os.linux.x 
  comp.os.linux.development Ƃj[XO[vɏɂȂ񂪂
  邩܂B

  {̃j[XO[vȂ fj.os.linuxAjlug.ml.users ܂B
  Ãj[XO[vœĂl͊F̋󂢂Ԃ
  gă{eBAœĂĂ܂Bă[J[̃T|[gł͂
  ̂ŁAȑԓxƂȂ悤ɂĂB܂A₷Ƃ
  ́A킩₷A̓IɎ₵܂傤B܂A肪ȂA
  Ƃ̕񍐁A̗vYꂸɕ񍐂܂傤B

  ł߂AȂƂAőPsÂƂw
  ̂A͂ł̂ł͂Ȃł傤B

  8.  ŏIiK

  ( .bashrc  .cshrc )ϐ̐ݒ肪KvǂA܂A.Xdefaults
   .Xresources JX^}CYKv邩ǂpbP[W̃h
  LgŊmF܂B

  AvP[ṼftHg̐ݒt@CĂ邱Ƃ܂B
  ʁApbP[W̖O Xfoo ȂA Xfoo.ad ƂOɂȂĂ
  BAȂA Xfoo.ad }Vɍ킹ăJX^}CYāA Xfoo
  Ƀl[( mv gp)āA root ɂȂA /usr/lib/X11/app-
  defaults fBNgɃCXg[ĂBsƁA\
  tgEFA̋ȂA삵ȂƂN邱Ƃ
  ܂B
  قƂǂ̃\tgEFAɂ́A炩߃tH[}bgĂ man y[
  WtĂ܂B root ɂȂ Xfoo.man Ƃt@C /usr/man
   /usr/local/man  /usr/X11R6/man ̓K؂ȃfBNg(man1 - man9)
  ɃRs[āAKXl[ĂBႦ΁AA Xfoo.man 
  /usr/man/man4 ɃRs[ȂA (mv Xfoo.man Xfoo.4 Ǝs)
  Xfoo.4 ƃl[ĂBɂāA[U[R}h man1
  ɁAQ[ man6 ɁAVXeǗ̃R}h man8 ɓ܂B(ڂ
   man y[WQƂĂB) AD݂ɂẮÅ
  KȂĂ܂܂B

  pbP[WɂĂ͓K؂ȃfBNgɃoCit@CCXg[
  Ȃ̂܂B̌ Makefile ̃IvV̐ݒ肪Ԉ
  邩łB̂悤ȏꍇA root ɂȂāAƂ /usr/local/bin
   /usr/X11R6/bin Ƀt@CRs[ĂB

  ӁF̏ꍇAL̂A܂͑SĂ̎菇 make install 
  make install.man  make install_man ŎIɏ܂B
  ȂAREADME  INSTALL ƂhLgt@Cɂ̂ƂL
  Ă͂łB

  9.  P̗FXscrabble

   Scrabble[TM] Ƀn}Ă̂ŁAMatt Chapman  Xscrabble ͂Ƃ
  ʔȃvOɎv܂B́A_E[hāAWJ
  A README t@Cɂ̂Ă菇ɉč\z܂B

       xmkmf
       make Makefiles
       make includes
       make

  A삵܂ł...

  ______________________________________________________________________
  gcc -o xscrab -O2 -O -L/usr/X11R6/lib
  init.o xinit.o misc.o moves.o cmove.o main.o xutils.o mess.o popup.o
  widgets.o display.o user.o CircPerc.o
  -lXaw -lXmu -lXExExt -lXext -lX11 -lXt -lSM -lICE -lXExExt -lXext -lX11
  -lXpm -L../Xc -lXc

  BarGraf.o(.text+0xe7): undefined reference to `XtAddConverter'
  BarGraf.o(.text+0x29a): undefined reference to `XSetClipMask'
  BarGraf.o(.text+0x2ff): undefined reference to `XSetClipRectangles'
  BarGraf.o(.text+0x375): undefined reference to `XDrawString'
  BarGraf.o(.text+0x3e7): undefined reference to `XDrawLine'
  etc.
  etc.
  etc...
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ́Aj[XO[v comp.os.linux.x ɐq˂Ă݂܂BƁAe
  ؂ȒNǂN̒iK Xt, Xaw, Xmu, X11 ̃Cu
  Ȃ悤ƂƂwEĂ܂BӁ[...

   Makefile A src fBNgɂ Makefile Ɏ͊֐S
  ܂B Makefile ̒̈sɂ̂悤 LOCAL_LIBS `Ă
  Ƃ낪܂B

       LOCAL_LIBS = $(XAWLIB) $(XMULIB) $(XTOOLLIB) $(XLIB)

  ̏ꏊɂ̓JɂĎQƂ郉Cu͌܂ł
  B

  LOCAL_LIBS ւ̎QƂTāA Makefile 495sڂƁA

       $(CCLINK) -o $@ $(LDOPTIONS) $(OBJS) $(LOCAL_LIBS) /
         $(LDLIBS) $(EXTRA_LOAD_FLAGS)

  ƂȂĂ܂B

  ł́A LDLIBS Ƃ͉Ȃ̂H

       LDLIBS = $(LDPOSTLIB) $(THREADS_LIBS) $(SYS_LIBRARIES) $(EXTRA_LIBRARIES)

  ƂȂĂ܂B

  SYS_LIBRARIES 

       SYS_LIBRARIES = -lXpm -L../Xc -lXc

  ꂾIȂCu܂B

  ƂɂƁAJ LOCAL_LIBS ̑O LDLIBS ɍsKv
  m܂....ŁAŏɎ̂495sڂ $(LOCAL_LIBS) 
  $(LDLIBS) ꊷ邱Ƃ Makefile C邱ƂłB
  ΁ACuǂ݂ɍsł傤B

  $(CCLINK) -o $@ $(LDOPTIONS) $(OBJS) $(LDLIBS) $(LOCAL_LIBS) /
    $(EXTRA_LOAD_FLAGS)

  ͏L̕ύXĂĂmakesƁA͂₱͋A
  ͐܂BA Xscrabble ̓fBNg̃l[\
  [Xt@C̈Ő錾ĂXe[ggRgAEg
  ̊yƉPƕKvłB

  [݁AVo[W Xscrabble  rpm `œ肷邱Ƃł
  B܂ÃpbP[W͏L̖Cɂ邱ƂȂCXg[ł
  ܂B]

  Xscrabble ɂāAe-mail  Matt Chapman (
  <mailto:matt@belgarath.demon.co.uk>) ɁA܂_E[h͉L̃z[
  y[Wo܂B

  <http://www.belgarath.demon.co.uk/programs/index.html>

  ______________________________________________________________________
           Scrabblethe Milton Bradley Co., Inc̓o^WłB
  ______________________________________________________________________

  10.  Q̗FXloadimage

  ̗͊ȒPȖō点Ă܂B xloadimage ͎̃OtBbNc
  [WɉĖɗvÔ悤łB xloadi41.gz  Mui 
  Quercia ̑f炵 "X User Tools" Ƃ{ɂĂ CD-ROM ̃\[
  XfBNgRs[܂BRA tar xzvf Ńt@CWJ
  BA make ňꌩ̈G[oāAIĂ܂
  B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  gcc -c -O -fstrength-reduce -finline-functions -fforce-mem
  -fforce-addr -DSYSV  -I/usr/X11R6/include
  -DSYSPATHFILE=\"/usr/lib/X11/Xloadimage\" mcidas.c

  In file included from /usr/include/stdlib.h:32,
                   from image.h:23,
                   from xloadimage.h:15,
                   from mcidas.c:7:
  /usr/lib/gcc-lib/i486-linux/2.6.3/include/stddef.h:215:
  conflicting types for `wchar_t'
  /usr/X11R6/include/X11/Xlib.h:74: previous declaration of
  `wchar_t'
  make[1]: *** [mcidas.o] Error 1
  make[1]: Leaving directory
  `/home/thegrendel/tst/xloadimage.4.1'
  make: *** [default] Error 2
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ̃G[bZ[Wɂ͔ɏdvȎ肪肪܂܂Ă܂B

  image.h23sڂ݂ƁA

  ______________________________________________________________________
  #include <stdlib.h>
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ȂقǁA xloadimage ̃\[Xt@ĈǂŁAW̃CN[h
  t@Cł stdlib.h Œ`ꂽ wchar_t Ē`Ă܂B
  ŏ image.h 23sڂRgAEgĂ݂܂傤AƁA͂
  stdlib.h ͌ǃCN[hKv悤łB

  ̓_ŁAvIȃG[ł邱ƖA\z͐i݂܂BāA
  xloadimage vO͌݁AƓ삵Ă܂B

  11.  R̗FFortune

  Ō̗ C ̃vO~O̒m炩KvƂ܂BUNIX 
  Linux ̃\tgEFÂقƂǂ C ŏĂAł C ɂ
  mĂ΃\tgEFÃCXg[ɂĊԈႢ݂ƂȂ
  傤B

   fortune vO̓[Â邱Ƃ킴A "fortune
  cookie"  Linux u[g邽тɃfBXvCɕ\܂Bs^
  AJ[l̃o[W2.0.30 Red Hat ̃fBXgr[V
  ŁAvIȃG[܂B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  ~/fortune# make all

  gcc -O2 -Wall -fomit-frame-pointer -pipe   -c fortune.c -o
  fortune.o
  fortune.c: In function `add_dir':
  fortune.c:551: structure has no member named `d_namlen'
  fortune.c:553: structure has no member named `d_namlen'
  make[1]: *** [fortune.o] Error 1
  make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/thegrendel/for/fortune/fortune'
  make: *** [fortune-bin] Error 2
  ______________________________________________________________________

  fortune.c ƁA֌Ŵs͈ȉ̂悤ɂȂĂ܂B

  ______________________________________________________________________
     if (dirent->d_namlen == 0)
              continue;
          name = copy(dirent->d_name, dirent->d_namlen);
  ______________________________________________________________________

  dirent \̂tKv܂A fortune.c Ã\[Xt@
  Cł͐錾Ă܂BA fortune.c ̍ŏɁÂ悤ȍs
  ܂B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  #include <dirent.h>
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ̓VXeCũCN[ht@Ĉ悤łB]āAKR
  I dirent.h Tɍsꏊ /usr/include ƂȂ܂B́A
  /usr/include  dirent.h ͂̂łA dirent.h  dirent \̂
  錾܂ł܂BA dirent.h QƂ悤ɂȂĂ
  B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  #include <linux/dirent.h>
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ŌɁA /usr/include/linux/dirent.h ƁATĂ\̂̐錾
  ܂B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  struct dirent {
          long            d_ino;
          __kernel_off_t  d_off;
          unsigned short  d_reclen;
          char            d_name[256]; /* We must not include
  limits.h! */
  };
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ͂A\̂̐錾 d_namelen ͊܂܂Ă܂łBA
  ɑȂQ""܂B\̂̃o炭
  ӖAZłƂƂAɂƂ߂Ȃ
   d_reclen łB̉\̂̂AOƃf[^̃^Cv
  fƁA d_ino  inode ̐\Ă悤łBۂ̂ƂA
  ̍\̂͑"fBNgGg"Ă̂ł傤BāA
  ̃o̓t@C̑t@C̖OA inode A (ubN)
  ӖĂ悤łB̂ƂĂƂƂ
  Ă悤Ɏv܂B

  fortune.c ҏWāA551sڂ553sڂ d_namelen ւ̎QƂ
  d_reclen ɏĂ݂܂傤Bx make all Ă݂܂
  B܂BG[ł邱ƂȂ\zł܂BA fortune
  ̂"Ƃǂǂ"邱Ƃo܂B

  12.  \[X̓

  [eBeB[f炵\tgVXeɒǉ̂ɐVɏK
  Ȃ΂ȂȂm~ȂA Linux Application and Utilities
  Page ( <http://www.redhat.com/linux-info/linux-app-list/linapps.html>)
  Ƀ[YiuȒli CD-ROM A[JCüł RedHat (
  <http://www.redhat.com/>)  InfoMagic (
  <mailto:orders@infomagic.com>)  Linux Systems Labs (
  <http://www.lsl.com>)  Cheap Bytes ( <http://www.cheapbytes.com>) 
  ̑Ōt邱Ƃo܂B

  \[XR[h̖cȕɂł the comp sources UNIX archive (
  <ftp://ftp.vix.com/pub/usenet/comp.sources.unix/>) ܂B

  UNIX̃\[XR[hj[XO[v alt.sources Ƀ|Xg
  Ă܂BÃ\[XR[h̃pbP[WTĂ̂ȂA
  n alt.sources.wanted Ƀ|XgƗǂł傤B Unix sources
  [OXgɓɂ́A <mailto:unix-sources@pa.dec.com> ɍwǊ
  ]̎|𑗂ĂB

  alt.sources ͎̕ ftp TCgɂ܂B

  o  <ftp://ftp.sterling.com/usenet/alt.sources/>

  o  <ftp://wuarchive.wustl.edu/usenet/alt.sources/articles>

  o  <ftp://src.doc.ic.ac.uk/usenet/alt.sources/articles>

  13.  Ō

  vɁAS苭Ƃɂ厖Ȃ̂łB(āAtXg[V
  ܂邱Ƃhɑ΂铮@ÂɂȂ̂łB)w͂ƓlAԈႢ
  wԂƂ͔ɑ؂łBSĂ̌⎸s̓\tgEFA̍\z̋Zp
  f炵̂ɂmLxɂĂ܂B

  14.  Ql

  BORLAND C++ TOOLS AND UTILITIES GUIDE, Borland International, 1992,
  pp. 9-42.

  [Borland C++ ver. 3.1.̃}jÂ̈łB Borland ̕sS
   DOS ̃Cve[Vgč\TO𗝉ɂ͂Ȃ
  悢发łB]

  DuBois, Paul: SOFTWARE PORTABILITY WITH IMAKE, O'Reilly and
  Associates, 1996, ISBN 1-56592-226-3.

  [̕ĂƂɂ͓ł܂łA͂
  M̂ imake ̃t@XƂĂ݂ȂĂ܂B]

  Frisch, Aeleen: ESSENTIAL SYSTEM ADMINISTRATION, O'Reilly and
  Associates, 1995, ISBN 1-56592-127-5.

  (MFUNIXVXeǗ     FI[
  ISBN:4-900900-14-1)

  [⑼̑f炵VXeǗ̎̓\tgEFA̍\z̕sS
  ȋL̂Ă܂B]

  Lehey, Greg: PORTING UNIX SOFTWARE, O'Reilly and Associates, 1995,
  ISBN 1-56592-126-7.

  Mui, Linda and Valerie Quercia: X USER TOOLS, O'Reilly and Associates,
  1994, ISBN 1-56592-019-8, pp. 734-760.

  Oram, Andrew and Steve Talbott: MANAGING PROJECTS WITH MAKE, O'Reilly
  and Associates, 1991, ISBN 0-937175-90-0.

  Peek, Jerry and Tim O'Reilly and Mike Loukides: UNIX POWER TOOLS,
  O'Reilly and Associates / Random House, 1997, ISBN 1-56592-260-3.

  [̑f炵m\[XR[h\z邱ƂɂȂ邱̕
  ŏqׂĂlgĂcȗʂ̃[eBeB[ڂĂ
  B ]

  Stallman, Richard M. and Roland McGrath: GNU MAKE, Free Software
  Foundation, 1995, ISBN 1-882114-78-7.

  [ǂނׂłB]

  Welsh, Matt and Lar Kaufman: RUNNING LINUX, O'Reilly and Associates,
  1996, ISBN 1-56592-151-8.

  (MFRUNNING LINUX lbg[N\z܂  FI[
  ISBN:4-900900-00-1)

  [̕Ō̂̂łŗǂ Linux Ŝ̃t@
  XłB]

  BZIP2 HOWTO :David Fetter

  Glibc2 HOWTO :Eric Green

  LINUX ELF HOWTO :Daniel Barlow

  RPM HOWTO :Donnie Barnes

   HOWTO  LDP ̃TCg (
  <http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/linux.html>) HTML `œ肷邱Ƃ
  ł܂B܂A{ JF ̃z[y[W (
  <http://jf.gee.kyoto-u.ac.jp/JF/JF.html>)ł܂B

  dpkg, gcc, gzip, imake, ldconfig, make, patch, rpm, tar, termcap,
  terminfo, xmkmf  man y[W

