The Linux XFree86 HOWTO

by Eric S. Raymond
v5.12, 12 May 1999

: ȯ <dyoverdx@hitel.net>

 ۿ  ýۿ X  ý (X11R6) XFree86  3.3
   ִ,  ġϰ   ĥ  ִ
Ѵ.   ýۿ XFree86 ġϴ ܰ躰 ̵尡  ̴.

1. Ұ

X  ý н ý  ũ  ׷ ȯ̴ (Ȥڴ
ʿ ̻ ũ ϴٰ   ְڴ).  X  ý
ڵ MIT ߵǾµ   н ÷ ǥ
ȭǾ.     н ũ̼ǿ ݾ
  X  ý ϰ ִ.

Ӱ   ִ 80386/80486/Ƽ н ýۿ X  ý
 11,  6 (X11R6) David Wexelblat <dwex@XFree86.org> ̲
α׷   ߵ ̴. ̰ XFree86̶ Ҹ 
ؼ System V/386, 386BSD   ٸ x86 н   ְ 
, , ̺귯,  ϰ ִ.

XFree86  ڼ  XFree86 Ʈ
<http://www.XFree86.org> ϸ ȴ.

 ۿ  XFree86  ġϰ   ܰ
ڼ ϰ Ϻ   XFree86 Բ  
о ڰ  ؾ߸  ̴ (  ؼ Ʒ
Ѵ).  X  ý Ѵٵ ȭϴ   
 ξ پѴ ̹Ƿ ׷  ʿϴٸ X  ý
 ٷ ٸ å ϸ ȴ.

1.1.    ִ 

      ⺻  ⿡   
<http://metalab.unc.edu/LDP>  ִ   Ʈ Ȩ.
<http://metalab.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/XFree86-HOWTO.html>    ֽ
 ⼭   ִ.

1.2.   ֽ 

 XFree86 HOWTO   comp.os.linux.help
news:comp.os.linux.announce news.answers ֱ ÷ ̸
LDP Ȩ    Ʈ FTP Ʈ ε ̴.

<http://metalab.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/XFree86-HOWTO.html>  ϸ 
ֽ    ִ.

1.3. ǰ̳ ĥ  ...

̳ ǰ   Eric S. Raymond esr@thyrsus.com
  ȴ. ̳  , Ȥ ߸ κ  
˷ָ   ϵ ϰڴ.

Ư  ī峪 Ϳ  X    ִ°  
  ٶ.  Ϲ ġ ־  ο ȭ ġ
α׷ ս  ġϴ  ϴ    ̴.
ġ   쿣
<http://metalab.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/XFree86-Video-Timings-HOWTO.html> 
XFree86 Video Timings HOWTO  ȴ (̰ XFree86 Videomodes.doc
 ֽ HTML ̴).  ƴ  ġ    
ִ μ  ⿡   μ ذ  .

2. ϵ 䱸

 XFree86 3.3.3   Ĩ Ѵ. 
ī忡  Ĩ¸  ī Խ    
̴.   ī带 ϰų  ī尡 ̹ Ǿ ִ
ǻ͸  ϴ  Ȯ ü 𵨸, Ĩ¸
ó Ѵ. 밳 ó ʿϸ ü ؼ
˷ ̴.  ü  ׳ ǥ SVGA ī ϸ鼭
翬 ۵ ̻ ̶  ϱ⵵ ϴµ ̷ 쿣
 XFree86  Ѵٴ    ʴ ī尡 Ƿ
ڼ  ʿϴٴ  ؾ Ѵ.

XFree86 ǿ Ե SuperProbe α׷ ̿ص  ī Ĩ
˾Ƴ  ִµ ̰ Ʒ ڼ ϰڴ.

     Ark Logic
        ARK1000PV, ARK1000VL, ARK2000PV, ARK2000MT


     Alliance
        AP6422, AT24


     ATI
        18800, 18800-1, 28800-2, 28800-4, 28800-5, 28800-6, 68800-3,
        68800-6, 68800AX, 68800LX, 88800GX-C, 88800GX-D, 88800GX-E,
        88800GX-F, 88800CX, 264CT, 264ET, 264VT, 264GT, 264VT-B, 264VT3,
        264GT-B, 264GT3 (this list includes the Mach8, Mach32, Mach64,
        3D Rage, 3D Rage II and 3D Rage Pro)


     Avance Logic
        ALG2101, ALG2228, ALG2301, ALG2302, ALG2308, ALG2401


     Chips & Technologies
        65520, 65525, 65530, 65535, 65540, 65545, 65546, 65548, 65550,
        65554, 65555, 68554, 69000, 64200, 64300


     Cirrus Logic
        CLGD5420, CLGD5422, CLGD5424, CLGD5426, CLGD5428, CLGD5429,
        CLGD5430, CLGD5434, CLGD5436, CLGD5440, CLGD5446, CLGD5462,
        CLGD5464, CLGD5465, CLGD5480, CLGD6205, CLGD6215, CLGD6225,
        CLGD6235, CLGD6410, CLGD6412, CLGD6420, CLGD6440, CLGD7541(*),
        CLGD7543(*), CLGD7548(*), CLGD7555(*)


     Cyrix
        MediaGX, MediaGXm


     Compaq
        AVGA


     Digital Equipment Corporation
        TGA


     Epson
        SPC8110


     Genoa
        GVGA


     IBM
        8514/A (and true clones), XGA-2


     IIT
        AGX-014, AGX-015, AGX-016


     Matrox
        MGA2064W (Millennium), MGA1064SG (Mystique and Mystique 220),
        MGA2164W (Millennium II PCI and AGP), G100, G200


     MX MX68000(*), MX680010(*)



     NCR
        77C22(*), 77C22E(*), 77C22E+(*)


     NeoMagic
        2200, 2160, 2097, 2093, 2090, 2070


     Number Nine
        I128 (series I and II), Revolution 3D (T2R)


     NVidia/SGS Thomson
        NV1, STG2000, RIVA128, Riva TNT


     OAK
        OTI067, OTI077, OTI087


     RealTek
        RTG3106(*)


     Rendition
        V1000, V2x00


     S3 86C911, 86C924, 86C801, 86C805, 86C805i, 86C928, 86C864, 86C964,
        86C732, 86C764, 86C765, 86C767, 86C775, 86C785, 86C868, 86C968,
        86C325, 86C357, 86C375, 86C375, 86C385, 86C988, 86CM65, 86C260


     SiS
        86C201, 86C202, 86C205, 86C215, 86C225, 5597, 5598, 6326


     3DLabs
        GLINT 500TX, GLINT MX, Permedia, Permedia 2, Permedia 2v


     Tseng
        ET3000, ET4000AX, ET4000/W32, ET4000/W32i, ET4000/W32p, ET6000,
        ET6100


     Trident
        TVGA8800CS, TVGA8900B, TVGA8900C, TVGA8900CL, TVGA9000,
        TVGA9000i, TVGA9100B, TVGA9200CXR, Cyber9320(*), TVGA9400CXi,
        TVGA9420, TGUI9420DGi, TGUI9430DGi, TGUI9440AGi, TGUI9660XGi,
        TGUI9680, ProVidia 9682, ProVidia 9685(*), Cyber 9382, Cyber
        9385, Cyber 9388, 3DImage975, 3DImage985, Cyber 9397, Cyber 9520


     Video 7/Headland Technologies
        HT216-32(*)


     Weitek
        P9000, P9100


     Western Digital/Paradise
        PVGA1


     Western Digital
        WD90C00, WD90C10, WD90C11, WD90C24, WD90C24A, WD90C30, WD90C31,
        WD90C33

(*) ǥð ִ Ĩ  ǰų  ̹ 
̷ ʴ ͵̴.

  ī  256 ÷ ϰ,  ͵  16 ÷
尡 Ǹ  ͵   ÷ Ѵ.

ũ   ũ 64k  ޸𸮸 ϴ Ϲ VGA ī ŧ ũ ī,  HGC1280, Sigma LaserView, Visa Apollo ũ ī带 Ѵ.

VGA16  1600x1200  ÷̰  ET4000, Trident,
ATI, NCR, OAK and Cirrus 6420 Ĩ ޸ ŷ Ѵ. (1MB  ޸ ʿ) ٸ Ĩ  뷫 800x600  ȴ.

Ǵ ī忡  ֽ Ʈ
http://www.xfree86.org/3.3.3/README3.html
<http://www.xfree86.org/3.3.3/README3.html>
  ִ.

̵ Ĩ ϴ  ī VLB PCI ,   ŸԿ
ȴ.

XFree86 ڰ   ϳ Ϻ  ī ü ī
Ŭ ļ ϴ  ǥ  ̿Ѵٴ ̴. ̵ Ϻδ
α׷ֿ ʿ ī   ʰų, ī   ־
ڵ鿡  Ģ  Ǹ 䱸ϱ⵵ Ѵ.
̰ и XFree86 ο  ϴ ̸ ̰ XFree86
 ġʴ ̴.  Diamond  ī忡 ־ ̷
 ־ XFree86 release 3.1 ķ Diamond  ϱ
Ͽ ڻ ī  ̹ ǥϿ.

 XFree86     Ĩ   ī
ּ 8 MB   486 ̴̻.   ؼ S3 Ĩ ī
 ī带   .  ϵ ϴ  ϱ
 XFree86  Ͽ θ Ȯؾ Ѵ.

Ѱ  ڸ Matt Welsh ( FAQ  )  
ý 20MB RAM 2MB DRAM ޸ VLB S3-864 Ĩ ī尡 
486DX-66̾. ״ X ׽Ʈ  ý۰ Sun Sparc IPX
ũ̼ǿ ߴµ   ý Sparc IPX 뷫 7
   (ñ е  ڸ,   ī尡 
  XFree86-3.1 ۵ϴ ӵ  171,000 xstone̸ Sparc
IPX  24,000 xstone̴). Ϲ SVGA ī带  
ýۻ XFree86  н ũ̼ ( ׷  ܼ
ӹ۸ äϴ)  ξ   ɷ ش.

ý ּ 4MB   16MB   ( ڸ 8MB 
 8MB ҿ)  ־ Ѵ. ޸ ÿ  
  ý ũ   ٴ  ؾ Ѵ.
    (ũ ޸𸮿  ξ )
XFree86 Ȱ ϱ  8MB  ̻  ʿϴ. 16MB 
 ̴. 4MB    ý 8MB ̻  
ýۺ ξ (ְ 10) .

3. XFree86 ġϱ

Ƹ ڴ  ǿ Ե XFree86   ٵ,  
XFree86  ٿε ʿ䰡 . ƴϸ  ýۿ ´ RPM
̳ʸ Ű    ̴.  쿣 rmp(1) Ἥ ġ 
ִ.  ̵    ǳʶپ ȴ.

XFree86      FTP Ʈ ã 
ִ. XFree86 Ʈ ̰
<ftp://ftp.xfree86.org/pub/XFree86/current/binaries/>  ִ.

ٿε ڿ   ؾ  'preinst.sh'  ũƮ ϴ
̴.   ġ ϱ  ʿ ׵ ˷ ̴.

 XFree86 ٿεϴ  XFree86-3.3 ǿ  
ִ ϵ  ̴.

  ϳ ʿϴ:

     X8514.tgz
        Server for 8514-based boards.


     XAGX.tgz
        Server for AGX-based boards.


     XI128.tgz
        Server for the Number Nine Imagine 128.


     XMach32.tgz
        Server for Mach32-based boards.


     XMach64.tgz
        Server for Mach64-based boards.


     XMach8.tgz
        Server for Mach8-based boards.


     XMono.tgz
        Server for monochrome video modes.


     XP9K.tgz
        Server for P9000-based boards.


     XS3.tgz
        Server for S3-based boards.


     XS3V.tgz
        Server for the S3 ViRGE and ViRGE/VX (considered beta)


     XSVGA.tgz
        Server for Super VGA-based boards.



     XW32.tgz
        Server for ET4000/W32-based boards.

   ؾ 𸥴ٸ VGA16  XVG16.tgz Ѵ.
 ܰ迡 ڵ ƿƼ Ϸ ̰ ʿϹǷ ·ų
̰ ٿεؾ߸ Ѵ.

   ʿ ͵̴.

     preinst.sh
        Pre-installation script


     postinst.sh
        Post-installation script


     Xbin.tgz
        The rest of the X11R6 binaries.


     Xcfg.tgz
        Config files for xdm, xinit and fs.


     Xdoc.tgz
        Documentation.


     Xman.tgz
        Manual pages.


     Xfnts.tgz
        75dpi, misc and PEX fonts


     Xlib.tgz
        Shared X libraries and support files.


     Xset.tgz
        XF86Setup utility.


     XVG16.tgz
        Server for VGA/EGA-based boards.

 ϵ û̴.

     Xf100.tgz
        100dpi fonts


     Xfcyr.tgz
        Cyrillic fonts


     Xfnon.tgz
        Other fonts (Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Hebrew)


     Xfscl.tgz
        Scalable fonts (Speedo and Type1)
     Xfsrv.tgz
        Font server and config files


     Xprog.tgz
        X header files, config files and compile-time libs


     Xlkit.tgz
        X server LinkKit


     Xlk98.tgz
        PC98 X server LinkKit


     Xnest.tgz
        Nested X server


     Xprt.tgz
        X print server


     Xvfb.tgz
        Virtual framebuffer X server


     Xps.tgz
        PostScript version of the documentation


     Xhtml.tgz
        HTML version of the documentation

XFree86 丮      RELNOTES ϰ 
̴. ڼ ġ װ Ѵ.

XFree86 ġϱ ؼ   ϵ ʿϸ /usr/X11R6
丮  (root )  ϵ /usr/X11R6  
Ǯ Ѵ.

gzip -dc Xbin.tgz | tar xfB -

 ϵ /usr/X11R6 Ƿ ٽ װ Ǯ Ѵٴ 
 .

/usr/X11R6/bin 丮 нη Ǿ ־ Ѵ. ̸ ؼ
ý Ʈ /etc/profile̳ /etc/csh.login (̳ Ÿ ڰ 
  ٸ) Ѵ. ܼ    .bashrc .cshrc ؼ  丮  нο ߰ص ȴ.

 /usr/X11R6.lib 丮 Ÿ Ŀ ld.so  ġ
ǵ ؾ ϴµ, ̸ ؼ

/usr/X11R6/lib

 /etc/ld.so.conf Ͽ ߰ϰ rootμ /sbin/ldconfig Ѵ.

4. XFree86 

4.1. Ϲ 

콺 ,  ī带   XFree86 ϴ 
     ľ ϴ  ۾ ϴ 
͵  ̾. ׷  ׷  ۾ ʿ
ʴ.  3.2/3.3   . ׳ XF86Setup
ϸ ȴ.

 α׷  ϵ  EGA/VGA ϰ ֱ 
ߴ.  α׷ SVGA16  ȣϰ  ýۿ ־
 Ǵ 640x480 忡 X . ׸ 콺, Ű,
 ī,  ׸ Ÿ   ɼ ټ   г
 ȭ α׷ Ѵ.    ̴.

(  ִ  xf86config α׷  ̴. ̰
XF86Setup  X ̽ VGA16   ʴ´)

Ѱ ˾Ƶξ    κ PC ڿ  
Ű XF86Setup α׷ Ʈ 'Generic 101-key PC' ƴ϶
'Generic 102-key PC (intl)'̶ ̴.  Ʈ(101) ϸ
Ű  ʿ ִ Ű (Ű  ͵) ۵ ʰ ȴ.

    𸣸 ŵ  ʷ غ ȴ. 
ִ ͺ ؼ Ʒ  Ѵ (ʿ ִ ϼ 
Ʈ Ŭ ǵ带  Ƿ   ϵ  䱸Ѵ).
ȭ ̻ų ׸ ְǴ 쿣 ϰ   Ѵ.
ְ     (׸  ʹ ũٵ, 
۴ٵ, ߽ɿ ణ ġ ִٵ). 带 ̼ ϸ ̷ ͵
ĥ  ִ.

¾ α׷  带 ϱ  xvidtune ϴ 
ʱȭ  ޽ ʹ  ʿ .  Ƽũ ʹ
(  ļ 𵨰 ޸) ׷   ʴ´.

XF86Config 콺 ̽ /dev/mouse ϴ 찡 ִ. ̷
ؼ  ȵ 쿣 콺 ִ ƹ /dev/ca[01] ũϵ Ѵ.
gpm   "mouse busy"   쿣 /dev/ttyS[01] ũѴ.

 μ  ī ŸԿ ´  (XF86_VGA16, XF86_Mach64,
Ǵ XF86_S3) ϰ   ġ   ã ۽ÿ
 XF86Config ν ̷. XF86Config ġ OS 
ٸ ַ /etc/X11   ִ.

XFree86   XF86Setup 'X'  ٷ õ 
ũѴ. ֱ  Xwrapper set-user-id wrapper α׷ ũ
Ѵ. ̴  setuid root   Xwrapper ߵǾ  setuid
root  ʿ䰡  ̴.

4.2.  ذ

Ȥ ó X    ټ ̻ ִ 찡 ִ. ̰
밳 Ͽ  ֱ ̴.   Ÿ̹  ߸ưų
 ī Ʈ Ŭ ߸ Ǿ ̴.  
xvidtune ĥ  ִ. ȭ ϰ ְǴ 쿣 ٽ XF86Setup
ؼ    ͸ Ѵ.

ȭ 鸮   쳪 ڸ ̻   Ÿ̹
̳ Ʈ Ŭ ߸Ǿ ش. XF86Config ̽ ɼǻӸ
ƴ϶  ī Ĩ ° Ǿ ȮѴ. ùٸ X 
ߴ ׸ /usr/X11R6/bin/X  ɺ ũǾ ݵ
Ȯϴ   ߿ϴ.

׷ ȵȴٸ ѹ X  Ȳ "ϰ" 巯. 
 ȴ.

X > /tmp/x.out 2>&1

׸ X  δ (ctrl-alt-backspace Ἥ). ׸ /tmp/x.out
 Ѵ. X    ޽  ̴.  
 ī尡 Ͱ ϴ 忡 ϴ Ʈ Ŭ  
ʴٵ ϴ ...

XFree86Config ȭ  κп   尣 ȯ Ϸ
ctrl-alt-Űе+ ctrl-alt-Űе-   ִ. ػ󵵿
ȭ  ȳ  ػ󵵷 ȯغ. ̸  ּ X 
  ۵ϰ ִ   ִ.

 / ũ ġ  ġ Ȯ . X  
̰ ؾ ϴ 쵵 .   ȭ   ġ
δٸ Ϳ    ִ.

 ׷ comp.windows.x.i386unix comp.os.linux.x XFree86
 ַ Ѵ. ⼭  ׿ õ Խù ãƺ ͵
. ϸ Ȱ  ߻ 츦 ã   ִ.

4.3.  

Ͱ 1600x1200 ϴ    ؼ X  
 ĥ  ־ Ѵ. XFree86Setup ϴ ְ ػ󵵴
1280x1024̴.

̷      ġ   LDP  Ÿ̹
Ͽ
<http://metalab.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/XFree86-Video-Timings-HOWTO.html>
 ãƺ (̰ XFree86 `Videomodes.doc'  ֽ HTML ̴).

4.4. 16Ʈ ÷ 

X ⺻ 256 8Ʈ ÷ Ѵ. ̷  غϱ 
  α׷  ÷ µ,  ٸ ÷
  ̸ 콺 Ͱ ̴  ۽ ȭ
Ű⵵ Ѵ. Arena   찡 ׷.

׷   ׷  α׷ µ 256δ ġ
ʴ. ̷  16Ʈ ÷ (65536)   ִ. ,  
α׷ 16Ʈ ÷ ư   ִ.

16Ʈ ÷带  X     ɼ ְų

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
startx -- -bpp 16
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

.xserverrc Ͽ  ߰ϸ 65õ  16Ʈ ÷  
ִ.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
exec X :0 -bpp 16
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

̷ Ϸ XF86Config

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
screen
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

 ǿ

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
DefaultColorDepth 16
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Ǿ ־ Ѵ.

xdm   Xservers  ĥ ʿ䰡 ִµ ̰
/etc/X11/xdm/  ̴. ̰  ؿ ִ ó ּ 
  Ǿִ.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
:0 local /usr/X11R6/bin/X
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

 ɼǿ

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-bpp 16
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

 ־

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
:0 local /usr/X11R6/bin/X -bpp 16
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

  Ѵ.

׸ X config 'screen' ǿ ÷ ׸ ߰ؼ 16Ʈ ÷
 ؾ Ѵ.

     ī  ð   ͸ ְ
޾ƾ Ѵ.  ī尡 ̸   쿣 ػ󵵳 
ߴ ۿ . XFree   ػ󵵸 ߵ ⺻Ǿ ִ.
ػ󵵸 ״ ϰ   ߰    ػ󵵿
شϴ XF86Config  Modeline ׸    ־
Ѵ.  

Modeline "1024x768"  75  1024 1048 1184 1328 768 771 777 806 -hsync -vsync

  Ǿִ    ٲ۴.

Modeline "1024x768"  65  1024 1032 1176 1344 768 771 777 806 -hsync -vsync.

⼭ 75 65  X .X.err Ͽ   ڵ̴. 16Ʈ
÷忡  ī尡   ִ ִ Ŭ ´ Modeline 
ؼ XF86   Ϳ   ãƺ ٶ.

5. XFree86 ϱ

XF86Config    ƴٸ  X   ׽Ʈ  ʴ.
 /usr/X11R6/bin 丮 н ɷ ־ Ѵ.

XFree86 ϴ 

startx

̴. ̰ xinit شѴ (ٸ н ýۿ xinit ôٸ 
̴).

  X  ϰ home 丮 ִ .xinitrc Ͽ ִ
 Ѵ. .xinitrc  X Ŭ̾Ʈ ִ  ̴.
   ʴ´ٸ Ʈ /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xinit/xinitrc
 δ.

 .xinitrc  Ʒ .

#!/bin/sh

xterm -fn 7x13bold -geometry 80x32+10+50 &
xterm -fn 9x15bold -geometry 80x34+30-10 &
oclock -geometry 70x70-7+7 &
xsetroot -solid midnightblue &

exec fvwm2

 ũƮ   xterm Ŭ̾Ʈ oclock ϰ 
midnightblue Ѵ. ׸  Ŵ fvwm2 Ѵ. fvwm2
 exec 忡  ȴٴ  ָ. ̰ xinit μ
fvwm2  ġǵ Ѵ. ϴ fvwm2 μ ϸ X  ˴ٿϰ
ȴ. fvwm2 Ű root ޴ ȴ. ũž 濡 콺
1 ư  fvwm2   ִ ˾ ޴ Ÿ.

.xinitrc   exec ۵ȴٴ Ͱ ̰ ׶
Ǵ  ƴ϶  Ȯ ( & ). ׷  X
 .xinitrc  Ŭ̾Ʈ ڸ ˴ٿϰ  ̴.

 ctrl-alt-backspace ν X   ִ. ̷ϸ 
X   ý   ִ.

 ͵   ũž ̴. .xinitrc   պ
  α׷ ý  ϴ.

X  ý ȯ óϴ ʺڿԴ
The Joy of X: An Overview of the X Window System by Niall Mansfield
(Addison-Wesley 1993, ISBN 0201-565129)  å  õϴ ̴. X
  ⼭ ٷ⿣  ̴. ó xterm, oclock, twm
       ̴.

5.1.  

  ۱ Eric. S Raymond ִ.  ׸ ؼѴٸ 
  ְ  ᵵ ȴ.

*  ۱ǿ  ø ϰų   .
*  ۼ¥ ϰų   .
*   Ÿ κ ϰų   .
*  κ̳   Ȯ ǥѴ.

̷ ׵ ڵ ڴٸ ̳ ͸  а Ǵ 
ϱ ؼ. ܰ ʿ 쿣 ο ûϸ ȴ.

5.2.  

ó    µ Matt Welsh  Ǵ. Matt ϴ
̴.

6. 

Ż̾ƾ <http://www.pluto.linux.it/ildp/HOWTO/XFree86-HOWTO.html>

κϾƾ <http://www.lugos.si/delo/slo/HOWTO-sl/XFree86-HOWTO-sl.html>

ũξƼƾ <http://meta.mioc.hr/XFree86-KAKO.html>

״ <http://www.nl.linux.org/doc/HOWTO/>
