
                          İ The Linux News HOWTO
                                       
: Vince Skahan [1]vince@halcyon.com
: Hu,Shih-Ming [2]smhu@ish.chna.edu.tw

   v1.4, 29 November 1995
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   ļȥ趨ά Linux ϵͳµ USENET News ŷ
   ҪԼͬʱԼԼ˵϶·ŵĻ
   Ҫƪļûдϵͳṩ·ŷĻ
   ԲĶļġ
     _________________________________________________________________
   
1. 

     * 1.1 й춱ļĸ°汾
     * 1.2 
     * 1.3 Ȩʾ
     * 1.4 
     * 1.5 ѶԴ
     * 1.6 ЩطʺЭ
       
2. Ӳ

3. ȡ USENET news 

4. Ŵ

     * 4.1 Cnews Cleanup Release
     * 4.2 InterNetNews (INN)
     * 4.3 һЩ·Ŵ
     * 4.4 ߵĻ
       
5. News Readers

     * 5.1 Tin
     * 5.2 Trn/Mthreads
     * 5.3 NN
     * 5.4 Ŷȡʽ
       
6. л

7.  USENET ѯʵ

     * 7.1 ΪʲҲ moderated ·Ⱥ
     * 7.2 Ϊһ permission йص⣿
     * 7.3 ΪĲڱؿԿü ͵ȴûг
       
     * 7.4 ΪʲҵĿִа汾û nntp 
     * 7.5  expire ʱΪʲкܶĴռ䣬Ȼ
       ˵ռ䲻㡹أ
     * 7.6 Ϊʲÿȴأ
     * 7.7 ҿԽµ news overview( NOV) Ž trn/tin/nn ڣԴ
       ͬϿ
     * 7.8 Ϊûпִа汾 NNTP 
     * 7.9 趨 NNTP͸·ȥ棬ڱزҪ
       κε»Ͽ⣿
     _________________________________________________________________
   
1. 

   ļĿҪһЩй Linux ϵͳ USENET NewsϿν
   ʱѯʵ⡹ Լ Linux Slackware 汾ϵض⡣
   
   ļص Mail  UUCP "HOWTO"ļȡԭ
   comp.os.linux.announce ϵ UUCP-NEWS-MAIL-FAQ
   
1.1 й춱ļĸ°汾

   ļ°汾ڵ comp.os.linux.announce, comp.answers
   news.answers ϡ ͬʱҲ mirror
   ftp://sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO anonymous ftp sites ϣ
   
   ͬʱҲ LinuxȫѶWWW
   http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/linux.htmlȡá
   
1.2 

   ӭʹõʼʾԱļǸ
   ִǷȱʲĻһҪϵ
   
   յĵʼҶῴǲһзӦ ҪݵҪ
   Ҳʱǡ 󣬻ÿѪѹֵʵ»Կ
    ע»ҪЩټһʱһǵõĻ
   İĲκĻ
   mailto:smhu@ish.chna.edu.tw
   
   flames Ļᰲĵ /de/null ȥԲҪҡ
   
   һȽ Linux ĵϵͳڲûνı׼· ڱ
   ڵ·ָ׫дļʱı׼˽ġ ʹõİ汾
   ֮ṩѯǵ·
   
   춱ļĸʽĻ HOWTO ά - Greg Hankins
   (gregh@sunsite.unc.edu)ϵ
   
1.3 Ȩʾ

   News-HOWTO İȨ Vince Skahan ġ עȻİİȨ
   ҵ! 
   
   ԭֵĸơƼɢκʵǵý壬Ҫ֪ͨ
   ߡ ᵽ˭תģͬı
   
   ̵ò֪ԭߣ Ĺɢ News-HOWTO 
   ļԭģ ָԭĵĳ
   
   ͬʱҵԵĴΣ й춴ɢ߽춱
   ֪ᣨһݸԭߵĻ עǲ鷳
   ҵʵĴĻ 뽫ÿ̨һԪĴַ Linux 
   Ľ̻Ϳˣ
   
   ʵϣϣ͸ֹܵƹЩѶ ǣǻϣܹ
    HOWTO ļİȨ
   
   Ǹϣ HOWTOS еļΪ ⣬
   Linux HOWTO Ĺ -- Greg Hankins 磬 ĵʼΪ
   gregh@sunsite.unc.edu
   
1.4 

   ȻҲʹñļκα֤ΡʹеĹ
   ӡκβ֮ге
   
1.5 ѶԴ

  USENET
  
   news.admin.misc         ·ŷߵһ㻰⡣
   news.admin.policy       USENET һЩߡ
   news.admin.technical    ά·ŷ(moderated)
   news.software.b         һЩ B-news ݵ塣
   news.software.nn        йŶȡʽ "nn"
   news.software.nntp      ·ŴЭ
   news.software.readers   һЩȡ·ŵ塣
   news.sysadmin           ϵͳߵۡ
   news.announce.newusers  һЩʹߵĲ(moderated)
   news.newsuers.questions  USENET ֵ

  鼮
  
   е鼮ܶ
   
     * "Managing UUCP and USENET"  O'Reilly+Associates 档 ҵ
       һй USENET ĳʽЭ֮鼮
     * "Unix Communications"  Waite Group 档 춸Ԫ
       νһкܺõ
     * "Practical Unix Security"  O'Reilly+Associates 档 
       UUCP İȫкܺõۡ
     * "The Internet Complete Reference"  Osborne һܺõĲο鼮
       ˵ڹ·ϲͬķ񣬰 newsmail ·
       Դ
     * "The Linux Networking Administrators' Guide"  Olaf Kirch 
       Linux DOC O'Reilly  SSC 档 һξͰйUNIX 
       ·ĶӦ֪Ķȫ עúรum... ͷ֤
       
       
1.6 ЩطʺЭ

    Linux 趨ִUSENET  news ûʲĵط 벻Ҫ
    news йص comp.os.linux.* Ⱥ ע
   tw.bbs.comp.linux ϺȽûֽɰɣҲΪ󲿷ݵ Ҳֻ
   ǡΰװ趨ǡҵ...ɣ
   
   ǡֻ Linux еģ 磺 SLS v1.03 
   ʹ bash1.12 Ҫȥִ INN Ļ ҪЩ(patch)⡣
   ص·Ⱥѯʡ
   
   ظһ
   
   һ˵û comp.os.linux صȺ news йص¡
   Ѿ news.* Ⱥȥе⡣ עڱأnews 
   ص tw.bbs.netnews ǸЩϼĴڣҪǰ
   ˼ ǶЦһ㶼Ц뿴 һ News Server Ĺ
   ߾Ҳʳӵ⣬  feeder ֪ˣ ҿֻҪһ
   뵽תŵĻ ˯ҹᾪร --  news server Ҳ
   ͱʶΪҲ˵
   
    Linux ضϵ comp.os.linux.*  
   ҴطѰЭˡ USENET news ǲûȥ Linux ص
   Ⱥ һǺ Linux ҵϵͳģ
   
   ֻ Linux Żе⵽ Linux Ⱥ˷Լ
   ˵ĵʱ䣬 ʱҪĴ𸲡
   
2. Ӳ

    Linux  USENET News ûرҪ ֻҪԴ弰
   (thread)ϿԼ·֮κ̬ĴýͿˡ һ
   տʼСӲ 10 MBĿռ䡣 עģִ
   ž֤֡˵Ҳܹ...ְװ һ tw.bbs.* һ
    10 MB ˣ ֻҪ feeder һʼͣܲÿ expire 
   ΰɣ ϣܹܵĻ  10 * 14 = 140 MB ܲ
   ˣ һЩеûеģҪ 200 MB Ǹûˮ׼ıƱҲ
   վ趨öϻĻ ֤ INND Ͼ͡ҡˣ
   
3. ȡ USENET news 

   "HOWTO"ڵ嶼м·ϵ anonymous ftp site ȡá
   
    ftp.uu.net  /networking/news Ѱңһ˵һõĿʼ
   
   newspak-2.4.tar.z ں Linux ϵͳԽ uucpnews  mail 
   趨(config file)ҵĵ(readme) Щѵġ
    sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/system/Mail/news ҵ 
   طûа취ҵĻ һ emailҽȷԵõһ
   עȽµİ汾µصȡã
   ftp://mail.ncku.edu.tw/pub/os/Linux/Unofficial/sunsite-incoming/newspa
   k-2.5.tar.gz
   ftp://ftp.ccu.edu.tw/pub1/unix/Linux/system/news/newspak-2.5.tar.gz
   
4. Ŵ

   ڣUNIX ϵͳŴ壬һ Cnews Լ INN ɰ
   Bnews ʽˣ ԭҲٶ֧Ԯˡ
   
   ˵ŴָĻᴦ ʹµԴݼʹ
   Ķȥȡ塣
   
   趨·κϲĵط ֻҪ UUCP ľ·ץ
   rnew ɵ(Permission file) Լ趨·Ķ壬 ʹ
   ȥҵ "inews"  "mail" עĿǰ̨ʹ UUCP ߴ
   ԵĴԴ꽨 UUserv ˣ лл cthuang@UUserv.NET.tw
   ṩµѶϢ
   
   > <4p3h97$8jj@ish.chna.edu.tw> ᵽ: >: ȥҵ "inews" 
   "mail" עڻ UUCP >ȻѽUUserv ·̨
   ṩ UUCP ĵطม >Ҳ̨ UUCP ɢء um...
   ע 
   
   ע⣺ͬʱװ Cnews  INN һѰգ ֻѡ
   һԼ NNTP  "reference Release"  Cnews  Ϊ
   Ǿʹ㡸ٯٯġ
   
4.1 Cnews Cleanup Release

   Ŀǰ·ϱ׼İ汾Ӧ Cnews ˡ Ѿöˣ
   1988һοġ Ŀǰİ汾 Cnews Cleanup Release 
   CR.G ġ
   
   Cnews Ҫĺôĳȡᷢڸֵ *nix ϵͳִУ Ŀ
   ǰȫǧƵϵͳʹ Cnews ġ
   
   ҪȱҪЩ uucp  modem ֮ʹõ
    ڹ·ʱϵͳġͼȡʱ Ҫ NNTP 塣
   
   ˣһµ USENET ѡʹ Cnews Ϊ
   ˵ȶ õļüǧоĹ߿Իش⡣
   
   'Cleanup Release'ʾ˰˶ Overview ֧Ԯ ұȹȥĻҪ졣
   ؾڿֱʹ Cnews NOV ṩĹܣ 
   ֧Ԯ·Ŷȡʽ nn tin trn
   
   Ҳû˵ȥװ趨壬 ԭڼþǰת
    INNˡ κҪṩҴ˷ ͸ʼҡ
   
    sunsite  newspak  Linux ϵͳ Cnews Cleanup Release 
    Ҫʹ bash1.12 ĻҪһЩĹ
   
   µ 'quiz' űҲԤֵ ο /usr/include
   شһ⣬ ҲصģЩǺȷġ
   
  װ Cnews
  
   װ Cnews Cleanup Release ǷǳĹ ֻҪȡԭʼʽ
   ǣ Ȼᰴָʾȥͺˡ
   
    newspak ڵ quiz.def ǵһִ quiz ʱġ ֻҪ
    /usr/include ڵĵͿԵõȷĴ𰸡
   
   Ҫ汾 bash ſʹ Cnews ͨҲԡ  'bash
   -version'֪ʹõ bash İ汾 1.14.2 İ汾ǲĸ
    дļʱ򣬿 1.14.5 бȽϺЩ
   
   Steve Robbins ȷİ汾֮ 'Cnews Cleanup Release'  GNU
   shellutils-1.9 ʱһֻ Ҽǵ Steve н䲹ŵ sunsite
   
  趨 Cnews
  
   Ҫȥ༭ǿһµµһЩ Ƕ
   /usr/local/lib/news
   
active             - active עǴҪյ·Ⱥ֣
batchparms         - ҵĲ
explist            - 趨´ʱ䡣
mailname           - mail replies ʱ header ֡
mailpaths          - Ҫµ moderated ʱ mail ·
organization       - Ĺ˾ơ
sys                - ЩҪջǡ͵ġ
whoami             -  Path: ơ

  ά Cnews
  
   ȣҪԭǲҪֶȥŪЩйóʽȥ趨ĵ 
   ǲҪֶȥ趨 newsfeed  addfeedŪ active 
    addgroup ʵʱ򣬶...ٶԭʼʽڵļ
   
   
   ÿ¶ cron  ҵ crontab й news Ĳ£
   
        # take the compressed batches that came in from other systems
        # also, post (locally) articles that originated here
        20 *       * * * /usenet/sw/news/bin/input/newsrun

        # batch 'em up to go out
        0 *        * * * /usenet/sw/news/bin/batch/sendbatches myfeedsite

        # expire C-news
        59 0       * * * /usenet/sw/news/bin/expire/doexpire

        # monitor stuff and report if needed
        10 5       * * * /usenet/sw/news/bin/newsdaily
        00 5       * * * /usenet/sw/new/bin/newswatch

        # turn processing of incoming news batches off 6:30AM - 4:00 PM
        30 6       * * * /usenet/sw/news/bin/input/newsrunning off
        00 16      * * * /usenet/sw/news/bin/input/newsrunning on

4.2 InterNetNews (INN)

   INN Ծ̨ߣʹûӭ Ҫĺô
    ٶԼ nntp İװ Ҫȱ춱Ƚ¶
   δ׼ *nix ϵͳϰװû覴õܹ ⣬Ҫиػ
   daemonһֱִУinnd ټһ overchan  daemon ȥ
   (threading) ıĿǿɹ۵ļ弰Ͽٶȡ
   
   һ̨ 8MB 386-33û Xwindows  INN  UUCP 
   ʽ͸14.4 kb modem йһ 5 MB šļ¼ û
   κε⡣
   
    Linux ǿٶ൱ȶ 춸տʼŷ
   ߶Բûļ Ȼʵᣬ
   ׵ģ µ USENET Bnews  Cnews  ֱ
   ·൱ĳ̶ȥʹ INN עģ ̨
   һ̨ŷоʮ̨ǰװ INN ģ ļģ
   Linux ϰװǺѣ ļ News FAQ part 1-9Լ൱
   manual page ֻҪֻǶ㹦ξ λ
   C.S.Chen ⾪
   
   INN  permission ǺرģŪˡ
   
   INN 춱׼ TCP/IP ҪҲ⣬ Linux ⷽ沢ǺܺϺ
   ȥһ Linux  archie site ץض Linux õ INN ÿ
   ܱȽ׵ עһ Linux 1.3.67 ϵİ汾 TCP/IP 
   Ҫˣ Ŀǰ smart kernel 1.3.70ټ inn1.4unoff4
   um...˵ unoff5 ˣ ʹ redhat 3.0.3 ĿԵǹ˾ ftp
   site  newspak-unoff3 5.rpm Υһ binary distribution
   
  װ INN
  
   (  Arjan de Vet - devet@info.win.tue.nl )
   
   ΪҪʹ INN 1.4  Linux ܣ ˱Ҫ趨 
   µĵطȡ
   
   ftp.win.tue.nl:/pub/linux/ports/inn-1.4-linux.tar.gz
   
   INN Ҫһõ /bin/shʹ bash 1.13 beta ڸ ftp
   site ҵ bash 1.12 һЩС⣬ Щ·Ⱥȷ
    Ҳ⣬Ҳǵˣ
   
  趨 INN
  
   ֻҪ Arjan's ָ Ϳ԰趨ɡ һЩҪ
   ЩʲժҪ
   
     *  config.dataȷѽ HAVE_UNIX_DOMAIN 趨 DONT ע
       ʹµ kernel inn-1.4unoff4 ʱ趨 DO
     *  innd ̨Ƽ hosts.nntp ֻʹ uucp Ļ
         sitename
     * ȷ /etc/inetd.conf  nntp Ѿ"#"Ž comment ˡ
       עñһķʽǬཫ kill 
     * аװ Taylor UUCPĻ Ҫ config.data ڵ
       HAVE_UUSTAT  DO ڴ趨Ļ ᵼûа취
       news ͡
     *  INNؼǵҪȥ޸ syslog.confкܴܴİ
       
       
   INN иر FAQÿ¶ᶨڵ news.software.nntp,
   news.software.b,news.answers Ҳ
   rtfm.mit.edu:/pub/usenet-by-hierarchy/news ȡá ܸ
   
   
  ά INN
  
   ҷ Linux  INN site 趨һЩ cron ⣬ ʲչ˵ġ
   ҪһЩµ crontab
   
        # daily maint, also expire the .overview database and articles
        1 0 * * * /usenet/sw/inn/bin/news.daily expireover delayrm < /dev/null

        # send 'em out
        5 * * * * /usenet/sw/inn/lib/send-uucp

   Ѿ bash 1.13  "< /dev/null" ͲҪˣ
   
4.3 һЩ·Ŵ

   гһЩ Linux ȷҲܵ·Ŵ壺
     * dynafeed
     * nntp1.5.11
     * slurp1.05
       
4.4 ߵĻ

   ϰ죬 ǵڰװ INN ʱ û
   HOWTO ϰ죬ܲܰװ ҿǸ⣡
    Slackware Linux һ汾 3.0  :-(
    Ҫ 3.0ϵİ汾װ һ⣬
   ге Һܻѵ Slackware İװ 
   3.0 װ˽  email ң
   
   ؾҪ Slackware Linux  ҪȡԼ跨ɣ Ҫ
    hopenet Ĺ Ҫ·װ Ҫʽ汾 Slackware
   Ҷû
   
    pkgtool װ N ϵ innd װĲࣻ 
   ǣֻǲร ǰװĺúõأ ҪȥһЩ
   趨
   
   һҪѸλǣ Slackware  inn ǰװ /usr/lib/news ȥ 
   һ/usr/local/lib/news ม
   
   Ȼ cd /usr/lib/news/tools.linux  кöıأ 
   ȰиINSTALL.linux ĸӡ˳ ȻͰĲһһ
   ȥžͽӽˡ ±ǴǶļ 
   ǿҵĽûǿԭʼġ
   
   ---------------------------------------------------------------------
   ϵͳ
     * ld.so
     * libc.so.4 -> libc.so.4.5.19
     * smail  sendmail
       
   װ裺
    1. װĹ߽⿪ʽ飬  Slackware Linux 乫óʽ
       pkgtool
    2. ȷϵͳиʹ߼Ⱥƽ news ġ
    /etc/passwd
                 news:*:9:13:news:/usr/lib/news:
                      | |  |____ GID 13 !
                      | |_______ UID 9 !
                      |_________ ԭдˣnews::9:13
    Ļκ˶ʹ news ݲҲҪ password Ϳ login
    ˣ趨ңȥ.....    ^_^

    /etc/group
                 news::13:news
                        |_______GID 13!
    3. ΪһЩ script Ÿ usenetԱ趨һ mail  alias
        /etc/aliases£
    /etc/aliases:
                  news: root
                  usenet: root
       Ȼ newaliases ؽ alias Ͽ⡣
    4.  /etc/rc.d/rc.local  inn 𶯵 script "rc.news"
    # start inn
    /usr/lib/news/etc/rc.news
    5.  /usr/lib/news/tools. и crontab-news ĵƵ
       /usr/spool/cron/crontabs/newsȥ ҽʵ޸ġ 
       ָĳɡ·Ÿơ
    6. ڵ news LIBDIR  /usr/lib/news ΪкܶŶȡ
       ʽᵽ /usr/local/lib/news ȥȡص趨 Ҫһ
       ᣺
    ln -s /usr/lib/news /usr/local/lib/news
       ǰװ Cnews Ļ ǾѾڸ
       /usr/local/lib/newsˣ Ҫ rm õ
    7. news  spool Ŀ¼ /var/spool/news ϵͳѾڲͬ
       Ŀ¼µ news ʱ Ѿ /var/spool/news Ŀ¼ʱ 
       /var/spool/news Ŀ¼ Ȼٽ news spool Ŀ¼
       ˵ԭе /news Ļ
    ln -s /news /var/spool/news
    8. ޸ /usr/lib/news µ config  µĵп
        manlobbi  ʾǸŷ  knobel ҵ·
       ͻˡ ȥ /usr/lib/news ڵµ

    expire.ctl hosts.nntp inn.conf moderators newsfeeds
    nnrp.access nntpsend.ctl passwd.nntp
       һҪ޸ĵ inn.conf, hosts.nntp, newsfeeds, nnrp.access 
        ... um.. Ϳˡ  nntpsend Ļ Ҫ
       ȥ nntpsend.ctl
    9. һյhistory database  log
    :>/usr/lib/news/history
    :>/usr/lib/news/history.dir
    :>/usr/lib/news/history.pag
    :>/usr/lib/news/errlog
    :>/usr/lib/news/log
    chmod 664 /usr/lib/news/{history*,log,errlog}
    chown news.news /usr/lib/news/{history*,log,errlog}
   10.  root ִ makedirs.sh
   11.  man news-recovery ȥ news-recovery ѽ
       news ϵͳ INN ʱȥظ
   12. ȷ uucp permission file  uux ȥ rnews  grnews
       um... ٷȥˣ ǹ鲻ͬ Ҫ uucp  ˳
       һ£ Ƶ 28.8k Ļ ҿˣ Ҫװʲ
        news server ˣ ǰЩӡһ£ ֻtw.bbs.*
        һԵһ 14.4k Ƶ
   13. е⣬ ûмǴĻ  News FAQ 潨ĸķ
       һЩ
     /etc/syslog.conf ڼ

    *.=info;*.=notice;news.none   /usr/adm/messages
                     ^^^^^^^^^^
                      ȥ
    news.crit                     /var/log/news/news.crit
    news.err                      /var/log/news/news.err
    news.notice;news.info         /var/log/news/news.notice
       news.daily ÿִеʱ Ὣѹ Ȼ
       /var/log/news/OLD ȥ ԤֵǴ죬 ֺ
       news.err.gz.1ӣ ֱ .7 ΪֹǰһЩ log 
       ܶ˵ĶǷŵ /usr/adm/messages  /usr/adm/syslog 
       ȥȱ messages һֱ  news.daily ȥ
        messages  һ죬ҲûʲṤ߳ʽԿ
       ȥ༭ ֻаɾһ·ѡ ֪ӿ
       ЩҪѶϢͱ...ˡ
       um...Ȼʹˣģ Ҫ ps ҵ syslogd 
       pid Ȼ kill -HUP pid ร
   14. ޸ /etc/inetd.conf ݡ һ nntp İɾ 
       еǰһ "#" š Ŀ Cnews 
       inetd ȥ port 119  connect  port Ļ inetd ͽ
        nntp   INN ̫һ  innd  daemon ȥ
        port ģ  port ʹˣ innd 
       ˡ ˣ  ps ax 鿴 inetd  pid  Ȼ kill -HUP
       pid  inetd
   15.  innd ǵҪ root ร

    /usr/lib/news/etc/rc.news
       
   ---------------------------------------------------------------------
   
    innd ӦѾˣ  ps ָ ûп
   Ļȥˣ  /var/log/news һ news.err  news.crit 
    ѶϢʲᣡ Ȼȥ NEWS FAQ part 3:Reasons why INN
   isn't start ǲ FAQᵽ ûᵽĻ
   ٷ NEWS FAQ part 5:Other error messages and what they mean 
   ûеĻ ֻ NEWS FAQ part 1 part 9 һˣ ûʲ
   УûеĻ ٿһΣûеĻ ٶһΣ
   ˳ġ ģҲǿЦģ ˣ붯ȥ
   м䣬 ֪ϵ⾳൱̶ȵĲġ ⣬ 
   ͬϸ news server ߣ ǶᲦհ
   ģ Ǹط⣬ ҲΣ͵
   news server Ҳ˵ Ҳûа취Ļ  post 
   tw.bbs.netnews Ҫ smart һ post  news.software.nntp Ҳ
     post ֮ǰһ£ ˽½⣬ ˽½ɣ ͬ
   ǰˣ  tw.bbs.netnews кüλ news ĹҲڿ
    ̫Ǹ⣬ ʱᱻȥ̲˵ Ҳ
   µģ Ϊ news ص server  server ģ һ
   ְܳĹ߾Ҷᵢģ һҲ˵أ
   
   ˣһ㣬 /usr/lib/news/etc/rc.news һ趨
   innwatch ǷҪ𶯵ģ default ֵ false ĳ true  
   true Ļ  innd ͬʱ Ҳ innwatch  innwatch Ĺ
   ܾǼ innd ǲ innd Ҳǻģ Ī
    һϢģ ֪֣ ˵ 
   ɫĻ ǿʵ̫  innwatch Ļ ķ
    root оϵͳ load ̫ ӲĿռ䲻ˣ 
   innd ͣס ʱͣأ û ʱ
   Ҫȥ innwatch.ctl һЩֵ ӲĿռùĻ
    ٽ Ҫܹ˵ innd Ļ ǻ컯
   ء
   
   ǵһ㣬 Ҫ޸趨 Ǽµ feed site  µ
   newsgroup ȵȣ  rc.news ֮һ news صģ Ҫ
    news ȥsu news)
   
   ڿʼ·֮ǰ ȿ INN FAQ Part 4: The debugging tutorial
   (setup of feeds etc.) Ľ飬 Կ趨Ƿȷ
   ġ һҲͨ˵Ļ ִи /usr/lib/news/bin/inncheck -v
    ûдѶϢ ҲûеĻ ʱӦþͿ֪ͨ
   feeder ʼص·Ⱥˣ
   
5. News Readers

   ν News Readers Ƿܹ Linux Ķ newsض
   塣 һ˵  Linux  newspak ȡõİ汾"tin""rn"
   "trn"
   
   ϣѡһ news reader ʱ ׼ʹü򵥣 趨(
   ѡȤĶnews ɸĶ)
   
   趨·κ˵ĵط ֻҪȫŶȡʽԴ㰲װ
   INNCnewsҵõ "inews""mail"ʽȥظ档 ( ע: 
   ʹõ Slackware Linux ڰװʱҲѡװ NϵУ ϵͳ
   Զȷװ INN  C-News  ҪľֻǸ
   /usr/lib/news/tools.linuxĿ¼е INSTALL.linux˵ĵһЩ趨
   ѡ )
   
   ½̵ἰ news reader мܻӭҳ塣 Ҫ
   ʣкܶȥ"nn"
   
5.1 Tin

   Tin һ൱ʹõġ۴ʽŶȡʽ ֧Ԯɾ
    NOV зʽ ʹõ INN   Tin ԤΪȡ
   NOV.overlay ĵ д
   
   Ҫ Linux Ļ± Tin  ֻ makefile 趨
   λ (  inews ڵλ )  Ȼ "make linux" 
   ɡ  Linux ² news ԣ ҪرĲ롣
   
   ۴ʽĶ  "tin -u"  update 
   
   Ϊȷʹ NNTP ЭĶ news  ڱĹУ 趨
   "NNTP_ABLE" 趨ʹ local host ȡ» "tin"
     NNTP ʽȡ news ʱ "rtin" ĵ "tin -r"
   ɵõ"rtin"ͬĹܡ
   
   Iain Lea  crontab мµ  "make daemon" 
   make "tind" 
   
        # thread the database
        35 * * * * /usenet/bin/tind -u

    SLIP Э° tin  NNTP-based  newsreader ʹù 
   ҪϵϵͳȫȺʱ ͱ뻨ܶʱڵȴϵͳ
   "active"
   
5.2 Trn/Mthreads

   trn ǰ "rn"  ߼Ĳͬǰ߿ṩ۴ʽĶ
    trn3.2 ߸µİ汾ѡʹ "mthreads" ʽ ( trn ڶ ) 
    NOV ʽ ( INN ) ʽĶ
   
   Ҫ뱾壬 ִֻ Configure  ڶֵ 
   ϵͳҪ lib4.4.1  bash-1.13 (ںܶLinux
   archive sitesѾbeat汾) ʹConfigure ɹִС ͬʱ
   Ҫbash1.13libs4.4.1ʹµConfigureȷִС
   
    sunsite  newspak  Linux ¸ trn õĿԹ֮config 
   
   
   һ˵ȥ޸ trn  config.sh Ǵľٶ ˵ֻһЩ
   ޸·ԷĹ֮Ķ Ļ Ҳ
   ִ"make depend" "make" "make install" ֮ǰִ"Configure -S"
   
   
    Linux  bash1.12 ִ "configure" ʧܣ  "Configure -S" ȴ
   ĺܺã  newspak  config.sh Ϊһ㣬 ͺ
   ӽˡ
   
   ʹ NNTP ȡ trn Ҳֻǵ Configure ǲҪȥʱ򵥵Ļ
   "yes"ѣ (  Configure  )  δ°Ҳ
   NNTP ȡ config.sh  -- һ local host ȡߵ config.sh
   
   
    SLIP Э° trn  NNTP-based  newsreader ʹù 
   ҪϵϵͳȫȺʱ ͱ뻨ܶʱڵȴϵͳ
   "active"
   
   trn ൱ָɹʹã ׵ man page ȡ
   ҪѶϸڡ ʹһзķ趨trn 
   
     * еĲ趨д  /.trnrc
     * ִ export TRNINIT=" /.trnrc"
       
   Ŀǰ newspak жһ .trnrc ΪӣԲտ
   
   trn3.2 µİ汾ѡʹ֧Ԯ NOV  mthreads ĴĶʽ
    ˣҸ˽趨 trn 壬 ʹָ֮ʽĶ (
   Configure趨 )  Ȼ trn ʱѡһʹã 磺 
    "trn -Zo"ѡ NOV ʽ  "trn -Zt" ʹmthreads  
    alias д ʹʹø㡣
   
   ΪҪʹ mthreads ʽĶϿ⣬  news crontab 
   
   
        # thread the trn database
        35 * * * * /usenet/bin/mthreads all

5.3 NN

    sunsite ȡһ壬 װ nn6.4.18 ʱ
   ʹõ̬ (working configure file) ֻȡô壬  Linux
   ¼ "make" б оǴ̬nn6.5b3( nn6.5  beta
    ) ʹá
   
   ᣬв裺
     * - ִ "inst" ԰װȫĶ
     * - ʼϿ⡣
     * - ִ nnmaster
       
   йصϸڣnnļ nnmaster趨
   crontabִжǵڱִеػ(daemon)⣬  Linux б
    趨ִ nn  *nix ϵͳ޲ͬ ԰
   nnmaster ֱӶִУ Ҳ޷ȷı
   
   趨 nn ִ൱򵥵ģֻ crontab м
        # run nnmaster to collect "nn" stuff
        # (not needed if you use NOV from INN in nn-6.5beta3)
        25 * * * * /usenet/sw/nn/lib/nnmaster

        # expire the nn database
        # (not needed if you use NOV from INN in nn-6.5beta3)
        0  4       * * * /usenet/sw/nn/bin/nnadmin =EYW

        # stash a copy of the active file for "nngoback" and keep last 7
        0 3 * * * /usenet/sw/nn/lib/back_act 7

    SLIP Э° nn  NNTP-based  newsreader ʹù 
   ¶ config.h ޸ǱҪģ ڸõע
   еõϸڵѶ  nn  NNTP-based newsreader ʹʱ nn 
   ڼ (local) ִ nnmasterһݴʽĶϿ⣬ ˣڼѡ
   µĶࡣ ( Ȼʹ modem  silp 
   һЩĵȴʱ޿ɱġ )
   
   ° nn (6.5.x) ȻҲ֧Ԯ INN  NOV Ͽʽ ҵʹô˹ʱ
    ͿԲִ nnmaster ˣ ҸǿƼʹô˹ܣ Ϊ
   ͿԲ˷ cpu ʱȥִ nnmaster ȡôʽĶϿ⣬ 
    news ڴ˹Ƿͬȡá
   
5.4 Ŷȡʽ

   һЩ Linux ʹãδἰ newsreader
     * tass
     * xrn
     * gnus
       
6. л

   леĸλǣ ṩ౦Ѷ뾭飬Э ƪ
   µɡ
   
   Ed Carp, Steve Robbins, Ian Taylor, Greg Naber, Matt Welsh, Iain Lea,
   Arjan de Vet
   
   һ˭ҵǸ
   
7.  USENET ѯʵ

7.1 ΪʲҲ moderated ·Ⱥ

   ׼ʱ  newsreader  /bin/mail ʼ 
   mail ʽ汾춳¾ɣ  newsreader пܲ´һ
   Ļ ֮Ǹµİ汾ʹã ° Slackware
   е mailx-5.5.tar.z  Slackwareе pkgtool װ
   ֮
   
   һȻϵͳдһ newsgroup Ƕûй
   (moderator) ڡϵͳȴ newsgroup Ƶģ
   Ҳڹ ( Ϊһϵͳ壬 һ) ͱɾ
   ˡ յ news.admin ʹļ֮ᣬ ִ checkgroup 
   ȷϡ
   
7.2 Ϊһ permission йص⣿

   Ϊ :-)
   
    permission Ƿȷ Ƿ /etc/passwd һ
   news ʹߣ Ƿ /etc/group жһ news Ⱥ飬 Ķ
    Linux ı׼ʺţ ע⡣
   
    /usr/local/lib/news/setnewside  uid  root ⣬ 
   /usr/local/lib/news Ŀ¼µӵ (uid) Ⱥ (gid) 
    news (  news.news) 
   
   κֵΪ "news"  UID  GID
   
   ( ע:  install Slackware ʱ ϵͳԶڶһЩ GID UID 
   һ˵ûɣ ȥ޸Щڶֵ)
   
7.3 ΪĲڱؿԿü ͵ȴûг֣

   ҲΪδ cron 趨ִ newsrun ʽ ҲΪֶ޸
   ϵͳ ϵͳҵ Ҳٵ /usr/spool/news/out.going
   Ŀ¼ʲģ пȡõ "Performance"  "Cleanup" 
    cnews  Ҫ cron 趨ִ newsrun δ 
   news վ̨ Ѷʾļ
   
   ǧҪֶȥ޸ļ active ϵͳ ȷķʹ
   /usr/local/lib/news/bin/maint µĹóʽЩ
   
7.4 ΪʲҵĿִа汾û nntp 

   ΪҪ Linux ϵͳ֧Ԯ plug-n-play  ұ SLS  news ϵͳҪ
   ͬʱ nntp  non-nntp 汾 newsreader 봫ʽ (news transport
   programs) ϵͳĹ
   
7.5  expire ʱΪʲкܶĴռ䣬Ȼ˵ռ䲻㡹
أ

   Ϊϵͳ /etc/mtab  ǵðѸõ mode  644  
   ᷢrootȥ umountһfilesystemʱ(umask) ᵼ
    root ĵ޷ʹ߶ȡ˴ ( ע: һ
    inode 㣬 Ľ֮ڼܹϵͳʱѡ϶
   inode   1024bytes/inode   /var/spool/news/tw/bbsʱ
   *sign*)
   
7.6 Ϊʲÿȴأ

   ɰ Linux װ cnews ʱдһ (blow up)  
   һϾɰ SLS װʱ һҪ /bin /usr/bin  ȷ
   ֻһ° news 
   
   Ϊ 1993  "Performance Release" ǰİ汾 cron 
   Ե newsrunִĳЩ Ǻܶ˳֪ġ
   
7.7 ҿԽµ news overview( NOV) Ž trn/tin/nn ڣԴֲͬϿ


   ǵģtrn, tin  nn  beta ڶѾ֧Ԯˡ
   
   ԰µ news overview(NOV)  "Performance Release" "Cleanup
   Release" cnews  Ŷȡʽ е nn6.5
   beta Ҳ֧Ԯ NOV ʽ  Linux Ҳĺܺã ڿԱִ
    nnmaster   uniwa.uwa.edu.au ҵ汾 nn 
   
7.8 Ϊûпִа汾 NNTP 

   Ϊ붨ڼϵͳеѶ Щ趨޷ִʱɳ
   ʽԶ趨ġ Ҫ£ INNҪCnews  NNTP
   
7.9 趨 NNTP͸·ȥ棬ڱزҪκε»
Ͽ⣿

   ( mdw@sunsite.unc.edu (Matt Welsh) )
     * 1) ȡnntp "reference implementation"  rn Ե
       ftp.uu.net:/networking/news/nntpȡ nntp.1.5.11.tar.Z
     * 2)  nntp :
        common/conf.h.dist  common/conf.h
       ޸ common/conf.h 趨в: Ϊ趨:
       DOMAIN: (ǽиΪ #undef DOMAIN).
       REALDOMAIN: 붨壬librariesѰdomain
       SERVER_FILE: 趨Ϊ news ŷ (  news һ
       ̨ )  (hostname) ĵƣʹõ· ͵Ϊ
       "/usr/local/lib/news/server"
       PASSFILE: newsŷҪȨ(ĳusername/password) 
       棬ѴΪиusername/password ĵʹ
       ·͵Ϊ "/usr/local/lib/news/nntppass" 
       Ҫ news йصĵ /usr/local/liib/newsĿ¼
        Ҫ·Ƶĵط(ACTIVE_FILE, NEWSGROUPS_FILE...
       etc) ȫ /usr/local/lib/news  кܶ趨 NNTP
       server õ (  client) Ϊ˰ȫƣ Ұȫıָȷ
       λã Ȼʹڶ·ҪȷиöӦĿ¼
       
       3) һʹ߽ "usenet"  inews Ҫ userִ
        ҲֻҪһ userid Ҫ userid Ŀ¼
       (homedirectory) Ķ ڴУľ
       /etc/passwd ĵ¼һ
                                usenet:*:13:1::/:
       ȷ userid Ψһ (  13)  group Զ Ķ
       Ҷ "daemon"(gid 1) 
     * 4) SERVER_FILE˵ҵnewsŷΪ
       "wonton.tc.cornell.edu"  Ҿͱ
       /usr/local/lib/news/server м:
                 wonton.tc.cornell.edu
     * 5) PASSFILEʽ:
                <server name> <username> <password>
       پ˵newsŷΪ shoop.vpizza.com ڴ˻
       ҪȨΪ news(password=floof)ſԣ ͱ
        /usr/local/lib/news/nntppass ¼:
                shoop.vpizza.com news floof
     * 6) inews  "usenet"  id ִеģΪ˰ȫӦ news  Ŀ
       ¼ nntppass ȵ߶ usenet 
        chown usenet /usr/local/lib/news
        chmod 755 /usr/local/lib/news
        chown usenet /usr/local/lib/news/nntppass
        chmod 600 /usr/local/lib/news/nntppass
       ûܶЩ?!ڵе벢δ
       
     * 7) ص nntp1.5.11 Ŀ¼У´ "make client"  ȻͿ
       Եõ NNTP  inews NNTP client ϿʹõΨһ塣 
        inews ʱҷֺʽһʹ uname.c еĺʽ
       uname() ᲻ͣԼѡ inews 񵱻
       ϵͳԵرñ༭һ uname.c   uname()
       ĳ my_uname() ֣֮ Ұ inews.c кеĲҲĳ
       my_uname()  Ҳ Ļһ mail 
       (Matt) 
     * 8) ´ "make install_client" װ inews ĵϵͳ
       С /usr/local/lib/news/inews /usr/local/bin/inews Ȼ
       ӦþͿԿʼ(ֶ):
                $ inews -h << EOF
                Newsgroups: misc.test
                From: me@foo.bar.com
                Subject: Testing
                Reply-To: my-real-address@wherever.edu

                This is a test.
                EOF
       ɹ inews ϡ֪ Ϊ misc.test
       test-responders ŵ Reply-To λַ 벻Ҫİ
       Ե(American On Line)

References

   1. mailto:vince@halcyon.com
   2. mailto:smhu@ish.chna.edu.tw
