

   _LINUX MAN-PAGE-HOWTO İ_
   
   Ȩ1995969798Jens Schweikhardt뷢email
      
   <[1]schweikh@noc.dfn.de>

   
   Joe Ren <[2]joeren@163.net>

   УߣӭǵУ
   Zeng Zhaorong

   ĺĸи˵

   ڣ19983¡ƪµ°汾
   ӭ飡

   http://www.shuttle.de/schweikh/home.html

   ķڣ19999¡

   Ҫдͨman(1)ʵĵҲΪֲҳĻ
   һЩӦμǵ⡣HOWTOһֲὫͳΪֲҳ
   ʵʳǶ٣ҲԱmanӢ˵˼

   _Ŀ¼_

* 0) ĵһ뷨
* 1ֲҳαʵģ
* 2һ趨øʽֲҳʲôӣ
* 3һֲҳ漸/дĵ
* 4Ҹʹĸ?
* 5ҸʹĸԤ?
* 6Ӧ÷ҵԴļǸʽõĵأ
* 7ʹĹʲô
* 8ʹֲҳ󾫣
* 9εõû^H^ǵĴıֲҳ
* 10εõPostscriptֲҳ
* 11ʹaproposwhatisɻ
* A

   _0) ĵһ뷨_

   ΪʲôҪдĵʵе档ΪҪ˻ʹǵĳ򡢿⺯
   Ǳƺòʹõκζǹдĵȫ

   * ĵ˷ʵõĳЩ׼ĵطĵع
     ʲôأ
   * ĵ׼ȷšûʲôȳΪĵһ¸ˡû
     㣬ŭʼĹӽͰٰװ
     дһж

   ͳҹΪ֪UNIXĵͨman(1)ʵֵġHOWTO
   дһֲҳʹĵعܹȷشЩҪ
   man(1)xman(1x)apropos(1)makewhatis(8)catman(8)ȻҪʹϢ
   ׼ȷֻܿԼˡʹ棬Ҳ԰һЩ
   ·

   _1ֲҳαʵģ_

   ΪֲҳȷֲװȷλϣҪֲ֪ҳ
   ̵ĻеֲҳһضһַʾLinux
   ͨõƼ˵£

                                ˵
   1            û              κġ
   2            ϵͳã              ںṩĺ
   3            ̣                  ⺯
   4            豸                  /devĿ¼µļ
   5            ļʽ          /etc/passwd
   6            Ϸ                  ý
   7                              ȡ
   8            ϵͳԱߣ        ֻroot
   9            Linuxضģ   ںгĵ
   n            ĵ                ҪƵʺϵ
   o            ĵ                ܻһڱ
   l            ĵ              뱾ضϵͳйصġ

   ֲҳԴļʽϵͳ룩־ļƣ
   һ㣬ٸַҪΪpasswdļĸʽдֲҳ
   ԴļΪpassewd.5Ҳһļһ
   ӡܻи⺯Ҳpasswdһֳͨɲֳͬͻģ
   ÷ļpasswd.1Ŀ⺯˵ڡpasswd.3档

       ʱļиӵַ˵xterm.1xwish.1tk
       ָĵΪX WindowTkӦóƵġĳЩֲ
       ʹЩӵϢxmanڿĵбʹáxterm(x)
       ͡wish(tk)ơ

   ʹnol򣻰ļϵͳ׼˵޳ʹЩֻҪ
   ͺˡеĳ򡢺ļͻдһ
   edsededredRockyedʵǸ⡣ȷ
   Ψһģܱĳȴ˱˵ֲҳ֮
   Ҫ㣬lsmݿѯһ취

   ֪˸øļʲô֡һҪջᱻװ
   ûİmake installʲôطLinuxϵͳ棬е
   ҳڻMANPATHָĿ¼档shellʹáPATH
   ȷִļλһĵعҪʹMANPATHȷֲҳλá
   ʵϣ MANPATHĸʽPATHһġ ǶðָһĿ¼б
   е㲻ͬMANPATHҲʹ·ֻʹþ·
   MANPATHûãûбʹһȱʡֵٻ
   /usr/manĿ¼Ϊ˼ӿĿ¼ĴСMANPATHָĿ¼Ҳ
   ΪĿ¼һĿ¼֧Ϊman[DEL: [DEL: ı
   ַܵ롣еһĿ¼ɺܼ򵥣û
   һհ׵ġmanoĿ¼Ȼ   cat[DEL:   dvi[DEL: 

   ps[DEL: Ŀ¼ڱʾӡĵ滹ܡڻĿ¼
   ֻܴһΪwhatisļļúͽķڱ11
   ̸Ҫ[DEL: ֲҳװȷĵطȫķǰ
   /usr/man/man[DEL: Ŀ¼¡ȻһõMakefileûͨһmake
   MANDIRѡĿ¼GNUʹ--prefix=/what/everѡ
   ֲὫװĿ¼/what/ever/man¡ҽҲṩһƵķ

   ڳLinuxļϵͳ׼FS-StndøˡFS-Stnd 1.2
   ˵עֻӢıǸˣǶĵȴǸ

       Ӧö/usr/manĿ¼Ľṹ涨Ա֧ԣԣд
       ֲҳ

   һͨһֲͬԵĿ¼ʵֵ  ٴFS-
   Stnd1.2Ļ

      /usr/manĿ¼ǻPOSIX 1003.1¼Eеı׼ƶ
      ģһ׼˵ʶַΪ˽ܵĻķ
      ַĸʽ£
      [_][.][,]

    FS-Stnd˽һЩĵַ ЩԭӦý
    ֲҳ/usr/man//man[1-9lno] Ŀ¼¡Ѹʽİ汾Ӧ÷
   /usr/man//cat[1-9lno]Ŀ¼£ѭһԭǾֻΪһ
   ṩֲҳˡ Ȼ ڻƼлЩĿ¼ṹ¡ FS-
   Stnd 1.2Ҳ

        еֲҳʹһԺʹ뼯ϵͳԺԵӴ
        ֲҳ¡磬ϵͳֻASCIIӢֲҳ
        ǿԴ/usr/manman[1-9]Ŀ¼Ŀ¼¡Ǵͳ
        ʵʰš

   еĹߣxmantkmaninfoĶȡֲҳĹߣܴ
   µĿ¼ṹǰҲתṹ
   עӢߵǶûת½ṹΨһ
   ӹķ

   _2һ趨øʽֲҳʲôӣ_

   ҸܸӡһϸݡǿδıЩ
   б)ǿġġʹĹʲôһڣ
   иĽ͡Ϊģfooдֲҳ

 FOO(1)                     User Manuals                    FOO(1)


_NAME
_     foo - frobnicate the bar library

_SYNOPSIS
_     _foo [-bar] [-c_ _config-file_ _]_ _file_ _...

DESCRIPTION
_     _foo_  frobnicates the bar library by tweaking internal symbol
     tables. By default it parses all baz segments and rearranges
     them  in  reverse  order  by time for the _xyzzy_(1) linker to
     find them. The symdef entry is then compressed using the WBG
     (Whiz-Bang-Gizmo) algorithm.  All files are processed in the
     order specified.

_OPTIONS
_     -b   Do not write `busy' to stdout while processing.

     -c config-file
          Use the alternate system wide  _config-file_  instead  of
          _/etc/foo.conf_.   This overrides any _FOOCONF_ environment
          variable.

     -a   In addition to the baz segments, also parse the  blurfl
          headers.

     -r   Recursive  mode.  Operates  as fast as lightning at the
          expense of a megabyte of virtual memory.

_FILES
_     _/etc/foo.conf
_          The system wide configuration file. See _foo_(5) for fur-
          ther details.
     _~/.foorc
_          Per  user  configuration  file.  See _foo_(5) for further
          details.

_ENVIRONMENT
_     FOOCONF
          If non-null the full pathname for an  alternate  system
          wide _foo.conf_.  Overridden by the -c option.

_DIAGNOSTICS
_     The following diagnostics may be issued on stderr:

     Bad magic number.
          The input file does not look like an archive file.
     Old style baz segments.
          foo  can  only  handle  new  style  baz segments. COBOL
          object libraries are not supported in this version.

_BUGS
_     The command name should have been chosen more  carefully  to
     reflect its purpose.

_AUTHOR
_     Jens Schweikhardt

_SEE ALSO
_     _bar_(1), _foo_(5), _xyzzy_(1)

Linux                Last change: MARCH 1995                    2

   ҴӦ͵ģ뿴ɡ

   _NAMEƣ_

    ΨһҪеĶ䡣ûƶεֲҳ󱱼ĵһ
    áͬʱи׼ĸʽһöŸĳ
    ۺţǼֻ̣ͨһУ˵ܸó򣨺ļ
    ӦṩĹܡͨmakewhatis(8)ƶεݽռwhatisݿļ
    СƶαҪжұѭϸʽmakewhatis
    groffԴļһҪӣ

   .SH NAME foo \- frobnicate the bar library

   \-Ҫеķбǲɻȱģǽۺͬ
   к͸õõֺֿ

   _SYNOPSIS٣_

   һԸõĳѡĸں˵гӦİ
   ļԭͣӦİļԭͣԱԱ֪ͷֵͺ͸

   _DESCRIPTION_
   Ҫ޿ɱ粵֤01еֵġд
   ֪ʶĵطǸáͨṩ꾡ͿŵĵһϣӮ
   ԱûҪͲ;ļĸʽԼӹ
   õ㷨

   _OPTIONSѡ_
   ÿѡӰΪ֪ôһµģǲ
   ǣ

   _FILESļ_

   гõļ磬ļļֱӲ
   ȡøЩļ·ʹװԸıĿ¼Ա
   ûԼѡgroffֲһȱʡĿ¼ǰ׺/usr/localȱ
   ʡҪʵ/usr/local/lib/groff/* Щļ  Ȼ  ʹ
   make prefix=/opt/gnu  װ  ô ֲҳ   ص  Ϊ
   /opt/gnu/lib/groff/*

   _ENVIRONMENT_

   гжĳӰ컷ȻҪ˵Ӱġ
   ĻЩ·ļȱʡõȵȡ

   _DIAGNOSTICSϣ_

   ӦԵ˵ĳĴϢָӦδ
   ؽϵͳϢperror(3)гģźţpsignal(3)
   гΪκγĹжᷢ

   _BUGS棩_

   ״̬ӦûΡϵͳԡ
   ֪鷳֮ĳЩ˻ΪȱݵԵȡ㵨СΪӦ
   ˡ ;-)

   _AUTHORߣ_

   ĵΪѽкܶҪ˵ĳ汨
   ʱдǸð취

   _SEE ALSOμ_

   ǰĸ˳ֲҳб

   չһڡЩڶ㣬ɵⷢ
   һЩڣעζNAMEβܸ⣬ԽеĶ
   ĳġôȷɸֲҳأ֪ˣ
   Դļɣ

.\" Process this file with
.\" groff -man -Tascii foo.1
.\"
.TH FOO 1 "MARCH 1995" Linux "User Manuals"
.SH NAME
foo \- frobnicate the bar library
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B foo [-bar] [-c
.I config-file
.B ]
.I file
.B ...
.SH DESCRIPTION
.B foo
frobnicates the bar library by tweaking internal
symbol tables. By default it parses all baz segments
and rearranges them in reverse order by time for the
.BR xyzzy (1)
linker to find them. The symdef entry is then compressed
using the WBG (Whiz-Bang-Gizmo) algorithm.
All files are processed in the order specified.
.SH OPTIONS
.IP -b
Do not write `busy' to stdout while processing.
.IP "-c config-file"
Use the alternate system wide
.I config-file
instead of
.IR /etc/foo.conf .
This overrides any
.B FOOCONF
environment variable.
.IP -a
In addition to the baz segments, also parse the
blurfl headers.
.IP -r
Recursive mode. Operates as fast as lightning
at the expense of a megabyte of virtual memory.
.SH FILES
.I /etc/foo.conf
.RS
The system wide configuration file. See
.BR foo (5)
for further details.
.RE
.I ~/.foorc
.RS
Per user configuration file. See
.BR foo (5)
for further details.
.SH ENVIRONMENT
.IP FOOCONF
If non-null the full pathname for an alternate system wide
.IR foo.conf .
Overridden by the
.B -c
option.
.SH DIAGNOSTICS
The following diagnostics may be issued on stderr:

Bad magic number.
.RS
The input file does not look like an archive file.
.RE
Old style baz segments.
.RS
.B foo
can only handle new style baz segments. COBOL
object libraries are not supported in this version.
.SH BUGS
The command name should have been chosen more carefully
to reflect its purpose.
.SH AUTHOR
Jens Schweikhardt
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR bar (1),
.BR foo (5),
.BR xyzzy (1)

   _3һֲҳ漸/дĵ_

   ܶgrepegrepȣͺprintffprintfȣĵͬһֲ
   ҳȻЩֲҳֻͨͬһַʵĻͻһôû
   СǲָûǵegrepֲҳþgrepֲҳбҪ
   ʹͬһֲҳַͨͬʡΪĿмֿеķ
    1 ΪÿŪһֲҳĿ
    2 ӲӰֲҳͬһļ
    3 ʹ÷ָ͵ֲҳ
    4 ʹgroffͨ.soṩġԴơ

   һַԵ˷Ѵ̿ռ䡣ڶַǲʹãcatman
   ܰ汾ͨ鿴ļͺݽʡܶ๤Ӳӽcatman
   catmanǽеֲҳʽԱӿʾٶȡַ
   еСȱ㣺ĵǿֲԣҪע⵽Щļϵͳַ֧ӡ
   Ľѷ̱꣩ʹgroffԴơ£
   ֲҳ1еơfoo͡bar  ôֲҳ
   foo.1ʹbar.1ӣ

   .so man1/foo.1

   ָman1/Ŀ¼ǷǳҪģļfoo.1ͬˣΪgroff
   ʱֲĿ¼Ϊ乤Ŀ¼cwdgroffǲ
   cwd.soĲġ

   _4Ҹʹĸ?_

   кüرΪдֲҳƵġͨǷgroffĺĿ
   ¼/usr/lib/groff/tmac¡ļtmac.,groff-mѡ
   Ĳ -m ʱgroffʹtmac.ļ ͨ
   -m֮͡Ŀո񱻺ԣǵҪʹátmac.an
   ʽֲҳʱԴgroff -manΪʲôҪôŹ
    tmac.an    tmac.an ⻹һõĺ
   tmac.docԴڼǵĲѧܶBSDֲҳʹUCB
   ѾΪĵı׼ˡTmac.docȷʵǳǣЩ
   ʹʹgroff -man磬xman
   Ҫtmac.docֲҳŪһ㡣ԣϰߣʹtmac.anʹ
   καĺΪкtmac.andocһα鿴Դļ
   tmac.antmac.docʵκֲҳӦʹֱ
   ڶеĳǼʹtmac.anֱĿǰҸ
   ĹںĶtmac.anһҪʹtmac.docи
   ַָʹϸϢhttp://www.bsdi.com/bsdi-man ڸҳ
   иɹѯmdoc.samplesҵmdoc.samples(7)һ
   дBSDֲҳĽ̳

   _5) ҸʹĸԤ?_

   Groff Ԥtbl eqnpic ĳЩϵͳǽgtbl
   geqngpicǵǽԤ꼰ݷʽtroff롣Tbl
   ǸԤeqnǸʽ/ѧԤpicǸͼԤ
   йصֲҳԻṩĹܵĸϢ뽫ǷŵһߣҪ
   дκԤֲҳeqnֻ豸ͨ
   ҵ99%ֲҳڸ͵豸Ͽġ磬XAllocColor.3xʹ
   ݺʽֻ豸ص㣬ָ͵ͬһСN
   ĶηʾɡN2"ӦʹtblΪxman򶼻ʧܡ
   Xman 3.1 ʹʽֲҳsignal(7)Ϊ

   gtbl /usr/man/man7/signal.7 | geqn | gtbl | groff -Tascii -man
   /tmp/xmana01760 2> /dev/null

   ⽫ʹgtblԴļŪһ㣬Ϊgtbl͵gtblȥ
   ûбֲҳҲ֪gtbl˵ԼǸȱ㻹ص㣬Ҳ֪
   xmanܷŴ㲻Ҫgtbl ˵ףҪһԼ
   ʽòŵ.nf .fi֮Աܱ޸ʽ״̬ͺá
   㲻ʹúб壬ʹıκ¶пԽ
   ܵӡҪpicԤֲҳҲϲ˵
   xmanʹgroffȷʵЩ˵սľ顣

   _6Ӧ÷ҵԴļǸʽõĵأ_

   ʹŵ㣨+ȱ㣨-ֿܵѡɣ
    1.ֻԴļ
       + аС
       - ûgroffϵͳ޷ʡ
    2.ֻδѹѸʽļ
       + ʹûgroffϵͳԿɷʡ
       - ûdvipostscriptʽļ
       - ڿԴѹҳϵͳ˷˴̿ռ䡣
    3. ֻѹѸʽļ
       + ʹûgroffϵͳԿɷʡ
       - ûdvipostscriptʽļ
       - Ҫʹĸѹʽ.Z.z.gzеĸʽ
    4. ͬʱԴļδѹѸʽļ
       + ʹûgroffϵͳԿɷʡ
       - а
       - ĳЩϵͳҪѹĸʽֲҳ
       - Ѿװgroffϵͳ˵е׸

   ˡֱõķǽԴļҪȱûgroffϵͳ޷
   ʣûйϵLinuxĵƻ泬500ֲҳֻԴļ 
   FSFֲҳֻԴļġʵϣҺ˵ʽõֲ
   ҳϵͳԱĹֲҳĿɷԣôӦѾװgroff

   _7) ʹĹʲô_

   ȣҪֱʹ\fB \fPȵȡʹôĺ
   Աһ⣺ڵʵĩβĻѴб
   չһθʱ     ķձ顣
   tmac.anṩʽ

       .B 

       .BI б

       .BR 

       .I б

       .IB б

       .IR б

       .RB 

       .RI б

       .SM СŵС9/10

       .SB С壨ĺ岻С

   X  Y ζĲX壬żĲY塣磺

       .BI "1Ǻ壬" "2б壬" "Ǻ" "б"

   Ҫڲʹÿո񣬱ʹ˫šṩľôࡣڸʹ
   Щ壺һǺƤman(7)͵ģ

   UNIXֲҳкܶĹеٸLinuxضֲҳȻ
   涨ǵı׼ںָΪб壬ʹҪָΪ
   ÷Ҳһ

       .BI "myfunction(int " argc ", char **" argv );

   ļб壬ڴٶУöļҪú塣Ҫ

       .I /usr/include/stdio.h

   

       .B #include


   ͨôдĸʾ꣬ú壺

       .B MAXINT

   ҪоٴʱЩú塣бͨ·ʹ.TPʹÿ
   űǵĶ䣩꣺

       .TP
       .B EBADF
       .I fd is not a valid file descriptor.
       .TP
       .B EINVAL
       .I fd is unsuitable for reading

   ֲҳֲҳǺġֲţʹ壬
   Ҳո

       .BR man (7)

   дС忴ȥЧáҽ

       .SM UNIX

       .SM ASCII

       .SM TAB

       .SM NFS

       .SM LALR(1)

   _8) ʹֲҳ󾫣_

   һЩָĵĿɿԡɶԺ͡ɸʽԡ

   * ʾеĻʹüкճ֤ȷеؽֲҳеĶ
     shellȻ󽫳ŽֲҳУҪĳ
     ȥ

   * УԡƴдñĶĸﲻӢҪ
     HOWTOڻûͨһǷæأ

   * ֲҳʽֲҳʱgroffûбԹýõgroff
     дע⡣áman ĳʱman(1)ûԹMan(1)
     ʹøʽϵͳûвԤڵĽxman(1x)tkman(1tk)ܴ
     ֲXFree86 3.1ʹxman 3.1.6 - X11R6,ͼʹ

       gzip -c -d < %s > %s
       zcat < %s > %s

     ѹ

   * Makewhatis(8)ܷNAMEȡ


   _9εõȫû^H^ǵĴıֲҳ_

   뿴col(1)colԹ˵˸СֻҪСдȷ㲻õȺܾõģ

   funnyprompt$ groff -t -e -mandoc -Tascii manpage.1 | col -bx >
   manpage.txt

   -t-eظgroff ʹtbleqnԤڲҪԤֲҳ
   е࣬˷һCPUڲʲô𺦡һ棬-tѡȷ
   ʵʱҪ񱻸ʽúܿ¡
   ţ˵롱ܸãҪʽĳgroffĵֲҳ)Ҫʲô
   

   funnyprompt$ grog /usr/man/man7/signal.7 groff -t -man
   /usr/man/man7/signal.7

   Grog˼ǡ£guessgroff£Ѿ
   ĻǾͲҪʲôѡ´˺û´Ԥ
   ġдһСperlűɾҳüҳţڴӡ
   ֲҳʱʡ¼ҳֽ strip-headersļ  ʹ
   chmod 755

    #!/usr/bin/perl -wn
    #  make it slurp the whole file at once:
    undef $/;
    #  delete first header:
    s/^\n*.*\n+//;
    #  delete last footer:
    s/\n+.*\n+$/\n/g;
    #  delete page breaks:
    s/\n\n+[^ \t].*\n\n+(\S+).*\1\n\n+/\n/g;
    #  collapse two or more blank lines into a single one:
    s/\n{3,}/\n\n/g;
    #  see what's left...
    print;

   ʹΪmanĵһΪgroff
   з磺

   funnyprompt$ man bash | strip-headers | col -bx > bash.txt

   _10εõPostscriptֲҳ_

   ʹϲPostScriptӡӡѡϸμ9

   _11ʹaproposwhatisɻ?_

   ٶ֪ϵͳװʲôԼεǡʵ
   ģķ

   funnyprompt$ apropos compiler
   f77 (1) - Fortran 77 compiler
   gcc (1) - GNU C and C++ compiler
   pc (1) - Pascal compiler

   AproposWhatisڿٲֲҳ򶼲
    whatis ļ  ǿÿֲĿ¼ҵ ǰ
   whatisݿļΪĿ¼ÿֲҳ׼һڡʵϣNAME
   Σȷ˵ǣм룬ַȥͬʱԲöΪע
   ǣwhatisݿļmakewhatisġкü汾
   ֲҳЩʲôѡʹáΪʹmakewhatisȷȡNAMEΣ
   ְ2ĸʽдNAMEǺҪġaproposwhatis֮ͬ
   ҵеλúͲҵݡApropos൱man -k
   е֣whatis൱man -fͼƥַǰ
   ݡˣwhatis ccccֲʱ㣬ǲ
   gccĶ


   _ A_

   Linux HOWTOĵԵӵеġLinux HOWTOĵ
   ֻȫƻ򷢲κεý壬ǱȨп
   бҵԵٷܵģȻ߻⿴ĵ
   ڷǰõ֪ͨеķ롢ΪκLinux HOWTOĵĹ
   뺬ݰȨζ㲻ͨһHOWTOļһЩ
   Ȼ丽ӶķԼ ڵõʱ ЩΥLinux
   HOWTOЭϵַ档֮ϣͨܶ;
   ЩϢĴȻǲԸⱣHOWTOĵİȨԸκHOWTO
   ļٷǰõ֪ͨκ⣬ϵGreg HankinsLinux HOWTOЭ
   ߣʼgregh@sunsite.unc.edu

   Copyright 1995,96,97 by Jens Schweikhardt

   Voice: ++49 7151 909516

   Unless otherwise stated, Linux HOWTO documents are copyrighted by
   their respective authors. Linux HOWTO documents may be reproduced and
   distributed in whole or in part, in any medium physical or electronic,
   as long as this copyright notice is retained on all copies. Commercial
   redistribution is allowed and encouraged; however, the author would
   like to be notified of any such distributions. All translations,
   derivative works, or aggregate works incorporating any Linux HOWTO
   documents must be covered under this copyright notice. That is, you
   may not produce a derivative work from a HOWTO and impose additional
   restrictions on its distribution. Exceptions to these rules may be
   granted under certain conditions; please contact the Linux HOWTO
   coordinator at the address given below. In short, we wish to promote
   dissemination of this information through as many channels as
   possible. However, we do wish to retain copyright on the HOWTO
   documents, and would like to be notified of any plans to redistribute
   the HOWTOs. If you have questions, please contact Greg Hankins, the
   Linux HOWTO coordinator, at gregh@sunsite.unc.edu via email.


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References

   1. mailto:schweikh@noc.dfn.de
   2. mailto:joeren@163.net
