å : The Debian Linux User's Guide
   : Dale Scheets
Url    : www.linuxpress.com
   : Ȳ



3 . dpkg Ű  
3.1 Ұ
dpkg  Ű ý   Ѵ. root 
  , װ Ű Ҹ°͵ ϰų ġ
Ҽִ. ڸ Ͽ Ű  ִ. Ϲݻڸ 
ؼ dpkg Ư Ű ,  Ư Ű , 
ý ġ Űϵ ˷ش.  dpkg ̿Ͱ 
Ű    Ѵ. dpkg dselect  
 Ű  ġ Ѵ. dpkg   κп  
perl α׷ ũƮ ҷ. dpkg  ɼ  
Ϲ Ű  ذҼ ְѴ. ٸ ġ 
Ǿ , dpkg ׿Ͱ и ذϴµ ϴ.

Ű ȣ踦 ٷ   Ű ý 
ֿ  ϳ̴. dpkg  üũ Linux迡
 ٸ ǰ 񱳵Ǿ  ſ   . 
 ǹϴ  ΰ? װ  dpkg  Ű
ġ õѴٸ, Ű  ġ  ٸ Ű 
ϴ  ִٸ dpkg ο Ű ġʰ  
   Ұ̴.    ִ   
  ذ̴. ġ Ŀ   ϴ 
Ű ġϸ ſ Ҹ  ̴. ̿Ͱ  ۹
  ġκ ý ȣѴ.  dpkgó Ű 
 ʴ°Ϳ   ϴ   Ű 
ġϴµ ô̳  ̴.  Ǿٸ Ű
  ġɰ̰ ġĿ ϴµ ϰ ɰ
̴.    Ǵ ̻  Ű ˷ 
(local)  Ʈ  Ǳ⵵ Ѵ..  
 Ͽ     Ű ġϱ
 dpkg  Ű  ִ. 
̷ ɼ ̰   
 Ŀ ش 쿡 Ǿ Ѵ. ̿Ͱ ȣ
  dselect Ҹ dpkg ̽ Բ 4忡 


  dpkg Ҷ Ưϰ Ǵ  ɼǵ 
ϴ¹  ߾ ɰ̴. ⿡ Ե  
 dpkg -h ԵǴ  Ѵ.  ɼǵ ִ ڼ
ϰ  ɰ̴.


3.2 dpkg 
dpkg ΰ  ۵Ѵ. dpkg    
  ϴ. ׷ Ű ġϰų ϱ
ؼ root  ʿϴ. ̿Ͱ root  root 
login  ʴٸ su Ǵ sudo  Ͽ  
ִ. Ű ġ, Ÿ  ũƮ root 
ϰų ߿ ۵ ؼ root   ִ ؾ 
ʿϴ.

sudo ̿Ͱ Ư ؼ rootó loginϴ° 
Ѵ. Ʈ(/etc/sudoerc) ϵ ־ ڰ root
 Ҽִ  Ѵ. ̿Ͱ   
 ׷    ý Ȱ ִ.

root Ȱ ؼ   ʿѰ? Űġ   
 root ϴ  ʹ  ? ׷ 
  ƶ.  ýۿ ߿ϰ Ǵ Ű 
  ġϱ⸦  ٶ°?  θ  ʴ 
root Ȱ ʿ  ϴµ    ó
  Ű ġ, ſ    ؾ Ѵ.



3.3 dpkg νĵǴ ɼǵ
3.3.1 ġ  ɼ

 - i | -- install

̿ɼ  Ű ġϴ ǥ ̴. Ű
 Ű  .debϸ ְ  ġ  
θ  ־ Ѵ.   丮 /usr/debian
 ġ  Ǿ ִ  /usr/debian/stable ̸  
 ϳ   ִ.

dpkg -i ./stable/binary-i386/admin/cron_3.0pl1-38.deb

Ǵ

dpkg -i /usr/debian/stable/binary-i386/admin/cron_3.0pl1.deb

 .   ־ ġ  ýۿ cron Ű
 ġҰ̴.

̰ ѹ   Ű ġ  ϰ ־ 
  Ű ġ  -R ɼ ߰ ָ ϴ. 
 ɼ ǵ 丮 ؿ ã  .deb ġ
 õѴ. ׷    ־ admin丮 
ü ġϰ Ѵٸ  ɰ  ϸ ȴ.

dpkg -i -R /usr/debian/stable/binary-i386/admin 

Ű鰣   ׻(δ  ) ϴ° 
ϴ.   ġϰϴ  Ű ׸ װ͵ 
 Ű ǥ ϸü ִٸ ̷ Ȳ ſ 
 ̴.  ʿ Ű ٿޱ ؼ ftp 
 ̿Ͽ ü Ѵٸ dpkg ׷ó ġ  
ִ ü ̴. Ű /usr/local/Debian/archive
  Ѵٸ   Ͽ

dpkg  -i -R /usr/local/Debian/archive

װ ߰ߵǴ  Űϵ dpkg ġ Ұ̴. 
dpkg װ͵ ߰ߵǴ  Ű ġ ̴. ̰
 ó Ǵ   ʴ ɼ ˷
 ⵵ Ѵ. ſ  ŰǼ ̰ ¼ 
Űϵ߿   ׳ ĥ ִ.

Ϲ ع  (unpack, configure) ġ ϴ 
̴. ù° Ű Ǫ unpack  Ŀ ι
°  configure ϵ ϴ ̴. Ǯ Ŀ װ͵
 ġϴ  ϵ dpkg Ű   
ȴ. 

--unpack package file

 ġ    ΰ и  ġ
 ϱ⸦ 䱸Ѵ. --unpackɼ  ġ ù°  
̴. dpkg Űκ ϵ ̾Ƴ Ͻý۳
 ׵  ġ װ͵ д. conffilesͰ  
ġ ؼ Ű   ȴ. ġó  
 -R | --recursive ޾Ƶδ. ̰ ־   
 Ű   Ǫ  Ѵ.  
- install(ġ)   ó  Ű  Ѹ
ɿ  Ǯ.

dpkg  --unpack /usr/local/Debian/archive

 Ű Ǯ Ŀ ġ--configureɼ ν 
Ϻϰ   ִ.

--configure package name

 ɼ Űġ Ϻ Ͽ unpackɼǰ Բ ӻ 
ȴ.  ɼ Ű   ϴ Ű  
Ư script   ְ Ȥ װ dpkg conffiles
  ġ   䱸  ִ. 

conffiles ׵ ġ Ư 䱸ϴ Ű鿡  
 Դϴ. ȣ ִ passwd  ׷ 
 ̴. dpkg  Ű update   
password ο ü ȸ մϴ. passwd
 쿡 ̰ ٶ  mimetypes  ٸ 
Ű ޾Ƶ  ̴. ο  old conffile ü
Ͽٸ   .dpkg-old Ȯڸ  Ϸ ȴ. 
ο conffile Ͽٸ copy file .dpkg-dist Ȯ
ڸ  ȴ. ̰ Ǽ  غ ̰  
ȥյ conffile   ִ Ḧ ϴ  ̱⵵ ϴ. 
ȣ ó password  ֿ ȭ Ͼٸ 
  ޾Ƶ̰ ȴ. ׸  ʹ ο Ͼȿ 
ȴ.  ̰   յ ο ȭ  
ȥյ ȣ Ѵ.

 --configureɼ ־ Ű Ϻϰ  λ
 Ű  ߱Ų. Ǯ     
Ű ϱ Ͽ -a | --pending ɼ package 
name ġ ξ.   Ǯ  Ű ġ 
ϼϱ ؼ    Ѵ.

dpkg --pending

׷ Ǯ  Ű ġ Ϻϰ  ̴.

-r | --remove package name

̰ Ű ŵǱ ϳ ġ conffiles  
 ƴϴ. Ű ŵǾ Ŀ ü ʿ䰡 ִٸ 
conffile ϴ   ٶϱ⵵ ϴ. ش  
passwd ̴. passwordŰ ý۵ ջ  
   ŵ  ִ.  Ű ŵ Ŀ 
passwd ջ  ü ǰ Ѵٸ  ɼ 
 ɷ ϰ Ű Ÿ ϰ conffile սǾ 
üѴ. Ű ̸   -a | --pending ɼ  
status fileȿ  ǰڲ ǥõ  Ű  ̴. 
 status file status : field  ռ Űó δ. 
 忡 ٷ dselect װ interface  õ  
  file ϴ ̴. /var/lib/dpkg/status file  
ϴ ͵ ѵ ̰ ſ  ￩ ؾ Ѵ. 
dpkg dselect      ִ  
ͺ̽ȿ  ȭ ٸ   θ 
 ִ. ̿Ͱ  ٲٰ õ   İ 
ذ ʿϴ. 

Űý ϰԲ   Ͽ.    
Ȳ   ̿Ͱ   ϴ 
.

--purge package name

ϴ Ͱ ٸ  ɼ Ű  Ӹ ƴ϶  
Ű  confile Ѵ. ̷  Ű 
  ýκ . 
̿ɼ  package name° -a | --pending ɼ Ѽ
ִ.


3.3.2  Available Packages File 
dpkg dselect  /var/lib/kpkg/available file  
Ű Ѵ.   ü binary, contrib, non-
free section ȿ ߰ߵ Űϵ  .
ɼó Ǵ dpkg   ų ϱ Ͽ 
ϴ    ִ. 

--clear-avail

 ɼ ־  dpkg available package file   
.   ǰų Ȥ  ׷  ణ 
  찡 ִ. ̰ ټ ο ؼ ߻ 
 ִ.

 Ϲ  װ  ŰϷκ updateǾ 
̴. ش 쿡 dpkg    ۵
ٰ  Ͽ file format ȭ Ͼ.   
Ǳ  ο  dpkg ġǱ⸦ Ѵ.  
ϴ  upgrade Ǵ  Ѵ. ٽ the available file
 updateɼ ִٸ ġ   ʰ ȴ. 
  Ѵ.

dpkg --clear-avail

̰ Ҹ  ϰ  ϴ ̴. 
 --merger-avil  ڵ ȴ. 

-A | --avail package file

package file Ű deb file ԵǾ ִ Ű  
 avilable file ߰Ѵ.   .

dpkg -A /usr/local/Debin/archive/joe_2.8-7.deb

̰ available fileȿ ׸  ʴٸ Ͽ ߰ 
 ̴. Ű  ׸  ִٸ  Ű   
  ׸ update ̴.

--update-avil | --merge-avail Package file

update ɼ   Package Ͽ Ե Ű 
available Ͼȿ Ե Ű üȴ.   binary
з ֻܿ ġѴ. ׷ binary-i386/, confrib/, non-
free/  Package  ã  ִ.
 ɿ Ͽ .

dpkg --update-avail /home/ftp/stable/binary-i386/Package

̰ /home/ftp/stable/binary-i386ȿ ߰ߵǴ Package file
 Ͽold avilable file üѴ. ο   
   ̴.

merge-availɼ ٸ binary κ Package file  
Ű Ͽ ߰Ѵ.  ο  available file ο 
Ű   ν  ϰ յ ο  
 ȴ. 
 ɰ ƶ

dpkg --clear-avail
dpkg --merge-avail /home/ftp/stable/binary-i386/Packages
dpkg --merge-avail /hme/ftp/contrib/Packages
dpkg --merge-avail /home/ftp/non-free/Package

̰  3 з ݿϴ available file .


3.3.3 Package System Information

-s | --status package name

 ɼ status ͺ̽κ  Ű Ȳ ˷
ش. ġĿ ̰Ϳ   ſ     
ִ. ׵߿ Ű, װ , Ű  
 ִ. ν   Ͽ.

dpkg -s mc

׷    ̴.

Package: mc
Status: install ok installed
Priority: optional
Section: utils
Maintainer: Fernando Alegre <alegre@mars.superlink.net
Version: 3.2.1-1
Depends: libc5, ncurses3.0, ncurses-base
Suggests: gpm
Conf files:
/etc/mc/mc.ext 6e672da6b5961ba9125e11824fcb2fef
/etc/mc/mc.ini d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e
/etc/mc/mc.lib fcdd319ffefa2a9cb4b7a5fa3ccad72d
/etc/mc/mc.menu 4be9e09f0728f993fc468b98db403be0

Description: Midnight Commander - A feature-rich full-screen 
file manager. 
Midnight Commander is a feature-rich file manager. It has mouse 
support in a 
Linux console and in an xterm. It started as a Norton Commander 
clone but now 
it has new features on it's own.

װ libncurses ϴ° ƴ϶ terminfo database 
Ѵ. XView TCL/TK  ͵ ϳ  ̰ 
  ʴ.

--print-avail package name

status ɼó Ǵµ ξ   Ѵ. status 
 ʴ ġũ ׸   package size fields 
Ͼȿ ȴ.   

dpkg --print-avil mc

  ϰ̴.

Package: mc
Priority: optional
Section: utils
Installed-Size: 890
Maintainer: Fernando Alegre <alegre@debian.org
Architecture: i386
Version: 3.5.17-1
Depends: libc5 (= 5.4.0-0), libgpm1, ncurses-base
Suggests: gpm
Size: 371140
Description: Midnight Commander - A feature-rich full-screen 
file manager. 
Midnight Commander is a feature- rich file manager. It has 
mouse support in  a Linux  console and in  an xterm.  It started as  a 
Norton Commander clone but now it  has new features on it's  own. It 
does not use libncurses, but it uses  the terminfo database. Support for 
XView and TCL/Tk is  available, but it is  still experimental. It is  not 
included in the current binary. 

-L | --listfiles package name

 ɼ   dpkg ġ     ִ. 
 dpkg ˷  ġũƮ ؼ  ϵ
  ʴ´.   

dpkg ?L mc

׷   ϰ̴.

/.
/usr
/usr/bin
/usr/bin/mcserv
/usr/bin/mc
/usr/lib
/usr/lib/mc
/usr/lib/mc/icons
/usr/lib/mc/bin
/usr/lib/mc/bin/create_vcs
/usr/lib/mc/bin/cons.saver
/usr/lib/mc/bin/mcfn_install
/usr/lib/mc/term
/usr/lib/mc/term/ansi.ti
/usr/lib/mc/term/linux.ti
/usr/lib/mc/term/vt100.ti
/usr/lib/mc/term/xterm.ti
/usr/lib/mc/term/xterm.tcap
/usr/lib/mc/term/xterm.ad 
/usr/lib/mc/term/README.xterm
/usr/lib/mc/extfs
/usr/lib/mc/extfs/zip
/usr/lib/mc/extfs/zoo
/usr/lib/mc/extfs/lslR
/usr/lib/mc/extfs/a
/usr/lib/mc/extfs/rpm
/usr/lib/mc/extfs/deb
/usr/lib/mc/extfs/ftplist
/usr/lib/mc/extfs/extfs.ini
/usr/lib/mc/extfs/README
/usr/lib/mc/mc.hint
/usr/lib/mc/mc.hlp
/usr/lib/mc/mc.tcl
/usr/man
/usr/man/man1
/usr/man/man1/mc.1
/usr/man/man8
/usr/man/man8/mcserv.8
/usr/doc
/usr/doc/copyright
/usr/doc/copyright/mc
/usr/doc/mc
/usr/doc/mc/README
/usr/doc/mc/FAQ
/usr/doc/mc/NEWS
/etc
/etc/mc
/etc/mc/mc.ext
/etc/mc/mc.menu
/etc/mc/mc.lib
/etc/mc/mc.ini

̰ mc Ű  ġ  ϸ̴.

-l | --list [package name pattern]

̿ɼ package name pattern  ġϴ Ű ġ
¿  ׸   Բ   ִ. package name 
pattern ٸ ý ġ  Ű  
Ѵ.   mc Ű    ִ.

dpkg -l mc 

׷   ϰ̴.

Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge
| Status=Not/Installed/Config-files/Unpacked/Failed-
config/Half-installed
|/ Err?=(none)/Hold/Reinst-required/X=both-problems 
(Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name Version Description
+++-===============-
================================
ii mc 3.2.1-1 Midnight Commander - A feature-rich full-scr 

-S | --search search file pattern

search file pattern   ϰ ִ Ű  
ɼ Ͽ ˼ִ. Ű ġ ΰ δ.  
     ʹ ٸ   Ͽ 
.

dpkg -S whereis

׷   µɰ̴.

util-linux: /usr/bin/whereis
util-linux: /usr/man/man1/whereis.1.gz

util-linux Ҹ Ű  α׷   
Ѵ. Ű ġϸ α׷ ɰ̴.


-C | --audit

 Ȥ Ȯϰ   Ű  ɼǿ 
 ˾   ִ.  Ǵ ùٸ ذ  ġ 
ؼ dpkg --configure package ۵ϴ  ̴.  
 Ͽ

dpkg -C

     ̴.


The following packages have been unpacked but not yet 
configured. They must be 
configured using dpkg --configure or the configure menu option 
in dselect for 
them to work: 
svgalib1-bin SVGA display utilities
ncftp A user-friendly and full-featured FTP client.
statserial statserial - displays serial port modem status lines 
ftape QIC-117 (Floppy-tape) driver, in source code form.
j1 J is a dialect of APL freely available on a wide variety
tk40-dev The Tk toolkit for TCL and X11 - Development Package.
expect The expect/expectk programs and libraries.
tclX Extended Tcl (TclX).
acct The GNU accounting utilities.


The following packages are only half configured, probably due to 
problems configuring them the first time. The configuration should 
be 
retried 
using dpkg --configure package or the configure menu option in 
dselect:

xdevel XFree86 3.1.2 developer's toolkit

   Ű ý۵鰣 ̰   ִ.




3.3.4 Force Options

Force option( ɼ) dkpg ʱൿ ϱ 
ȴ.  ɼ ɿ ؼ ſ 轺  Ųٴ 
 Ͽ Ѵ. ̷ ɵ  dpkg  ൿ 
ٸ ൿ ϰԲ Ѵ. ̰ ſ   ýۿ 
  ɼ ִ. ɼ ɼǵڿ ϰ ϴ  
־ Ѵ. ɼ ΰ  ۵ Ѵ.

--force- which reduces errors on to warnings
              (Ǹ ν error )
--refuse- stops execution on encountering errors on 
               (error  Ȱ )
--no-force-thing == --refuse-thing

 ɼǵ(--force- , --refuse-, --no-force-) λ 
 ׸   ִ.

--downgrade

 ġ Ű ġǰ ϴ   ֽ ̾ 
õ Ű ġѴ. ʱⰪ  ɼ ϴ. 

--configure-any

 ϳӸ ƴ϶ ٸ Ű Ѵ.  Ű ϴ 
Ű   Ǯ⸸ ϰ   ʾҴٸ װͱ 
Ѵ.

--remove-reinstreq

缳ġ  Ű ǥõǾٸ  ɼ װ Ÿ 
  ̴.  Ȳ Ʒ ̰ dpkg ľٸ 
 Ͼȿ   Ǵ   صƾ.

--remove-essential

ʼ Ű Ŵ ŹǴ  ƴϴ. ֳϸ ̷ Ű
  ý  ؼ ʿϰ ׵ ŵȴٸ 
  ̴. Ű ̸ Ǵ  Ʈ
   ȭ   幮 쿡  ɼ ׷ 
Ű   ʿ  ȴ.  ɼ   
 ̴.


3.3.5 Miscellaneous Options (Ÿɼǵ)

--print-architecture

ǵ Ǵ Ű ī  ش

--print-gun-build-architecture

ī gnu   ش

--print-installation-architecture

-print-architectiure  ġα׷ ؼ ȴ.

--license

  ̼   ش.

--version

dpkg  ش.

--help

 dpkg ϴ ɼ    װ ɰ  Բ 
 ش. 







4. Dselect

4.1 Ұ
Dselect  ʺڰ ٷ⿡   ÿ ſ  
  ִ ̴.   ó ̽ 
  Ѵ.    ϰ ϴ key 
 ٸ Ʈ Ǵ ǥŰ ƴϴ.  
dselect  ׵key  ϴ Ͽ δ Ȳ ϱ⵵ 
. ׷   dselectڴ   ִ. ׵
 ࿡ dselect    ٲԵȴٸ ϰ 
ϰ ߴ. ̰ dselect  װ  ؿԴٴ  
Ѵٴ ̴.   ʺڿ dselect ۵ 
ϴµ ſ   ̴.

Ϲ dselect    Ģ key ϱ 
 ȭ   ޼   ѾѴ
 ̴.      ȭ Ҿ  
key Ͽ ʱȭϱ  ѹ   Ͽ.  ȿ 
Ե    ģǱ  dselect ϱ⿡ 
ʿ   о. ̻ Ȳ ߻ϸ   ص
.

Dselect װ  ϱ Ͽ ٸ script Ѵ. 
methods Ҹ ̿  script  ġ Ʈ
  ַ ٷ. dpkg-mountable̶ ĳ ִ. ̴ 
dselect ġ Ʈϴ  ƴ϶  dpkgɷ 
dselect session  Ѵ. ̰  üȿ 
hamm/main/binary-i386/admin/dpkg-mountable_0.4.deb ߰
ȴ. 


4.2 Dselect 
dselect   , ó ȭ  7 option  
 main menu ۵ȴ.

0. [A]ccess      Choose the access method to use.

1. [U]pdate      Update list of available packages, if possible.

2. [S]elect       Request which packages you want on your 
system.

3. [I]nstall      Install and upgrade wnated packages.

4. [C]onfig      Configure any packages that arc unconfigured.

5. [R]emove     Remove unwantde software.

6. [Q]uit Quit dselect.

  ^P  ^N (⼭ ^ȣ Ctrl key ǹѴ) 
Ͽ   ִ.(up,down ȭǥŰ ̿Ͱ  
Ѵ)  Ʒ ̵ Ŀ  ϴ  
Ʈٸ ġŲĿ EnterŰ ų Ǵ ɼ̸ տ 
簢ȣ  ڸ 

0. [A]ccess
dpkg-mountable  ߰ ġ ʾҴٸ, 
[A]ccess cdrom, nfs, harddisk, mounted, floppy, ftp 
 ġ Ѵ. ̵   ణ ٸ  
ʿ Ѵ. ׷ װ͵ ǥ پ ߿ Ű
 ãƳ ̴.

ȭ    ŸƲٰ   ġϰ ִµ ̴ 
޴ ϵ ش.  ϵ ȭǥŰ ̿Ͽ ̵ 
 ְ ̶Ʈٰ ġѰ enter Ű Ƿν õ
.

ȭ ϴܺδ Ķ ̶Ʈٰ ġѴ.   Ȱȭ
  ̸ װ ⿡ Ÿ.  ٵ ̿  
Ȱȭ ǿ  Ÿ. ׸  ưٴ 
 ȿ     ȭ ȿ ġ ٲ
 ִ key ˷ش. 

̰ dselect ȿ  Ǵ ̴. ȭ  
κ  ۾ ̷ ̰ غκ ׿  ۾
࿡  ִ  Ÿ.


cdrom :

 ˾ƾ   :

- CD-ROM  Ʈ ʾҴٸ CD-ROM  
device driver̸
- ⺻ CD-ROM image 翩
- ƮǾ ִٸ Ʈ  ġ

CDROMġ Ʈ CD-ROM ߰Ϸ ϰų ġ 
Ʈ ġ   ̴.   ġ /devȿ 
߰  ̴.  ٸ SoundBlaster  CD-ROM 
/dev/sbpcd0 ̰ ù° SCSI CD-ROM /dev/scd0 ̰ IDE 
ATAPI CD-ROM /dev/hda1  ̴.

ƮǾٸ  Ͽ   cdromȿ  
ã°̴. ǥ  cdrom̶ cdrom ܺ 
丮 ũ stable̶ ̸  丮 ũ  
̴.  ũ stable/binary-i386 θ ϰ dselect 
ֱκ װ ʿ   ã  ˾Ƴ  
ִ. / Ʒ ̿  ȯ  ֻ   
̴.( dselect Ǵ ġΰ CD-ROM ƮͿ 
ϰ ǰԲ  ʴ´ )

ǥرϸü  ϴ. ֳϸ dselect  ϸü ֻ
ġ  ʴ ٸ ٽ  ̱ ̴.


nfs:

  ó dselect  Ұ ޴´ٸ ̰ ſ 
 ġ̴,  ǻͰ ̴ī带 ϰ Ŀ 
 νѴٸ ͳ  ̴.   
ϴµ PPP/SLIP  ٸ ̴ܰ踦 ϱ   
װ ϿѴ.  : ٸ ǻͿ ϴ  ұ
 Ʈũ, Ը Ʈũ  ִ. Ethernet 
PPP/SLIP κ ϴ ̴. 䱸ϴ ȣƮ  
ϴٸ     ִ.

 ˾ƾ   :

- NFS  Ʈ ȣƮ
- ƮȰ 丮 

 ɼ õ  ù° NFS  ̸ ûȴ. ̰
 IPּҷε, Ǵ ȣƮ  θ(xxx.xxxx.xxx)
ε ϴ. ǵǾ IPּҿ ã NFS ġ
software Ʈ ̴. 

ƮǾٸ 丮 ֻ ġ 䱸ȴ. dselect 
stable/binary-i386 ϴ stable̶ Ҹ 丮
 䱸Ѵ.  ǻʹ ̿Ͱ  Ѵ. ̷
ȯϿ none̶  ƿ  binary 
 ־ Ѵ.


harddisk:

ġ   hard disk  Ʈ ʾ   
 Ͽ.

 ˾ƾ   :

- ġ  ϰ ִ hard disk partition
- پ ü 

dselect ġ ϰ ִ ũ Ƽ ġ 䱸
 ̴. װ Ϻϰ Ʈ Ǿٸ   ֻ 
θ 䱸Ұ̴.  ǥ  ִٸ  Ϻ
 δ stable/binary-i386  ̰ ƴϸ none  
̴.


mounted :

ġ  ̹ ƮǾ ִٸ     ֻ
  ƴ°͸ ʿϴ. ٸ ǻͿ Ʈ 
NFS, cdrom, harddisk ϴ ġ   Ǹ 
 .   ǥر ó ̴non-standard 
CD-ROM, NFS  ȴ.
̰  ֻó  subdirectory ϴµ 
 ۵ȴ. CD-ROM NFS  Ʈ Ʈ(sub-
directory) . ׸ stable, contrib, ϴٸ non-
free ɺũ . ̿  ũ Ʈ 
ġġ ȿ ׵  ġ ũǰڲ Ͽ. ν 
cdrom /bo/binary-i386 Ʈ͸ /mnt/disk/debian
 ΰ     ִ.

cd /mnt/dist

ln -s debian/bo/stable

   contrib non-free    ִ.

 ġ 丮 ־ٸ   ֻ 
/mnt/dist ־. ̰ ʹ ϰ δٸ ù° 
Ʈ none  ̰ ׸ ġ   θ 
־.


floppy :

̰ õǴ ġ ƴϴ. ÷ǵ к Ǹ
 . Linuxý۰ ġ  ǻͰ ִٸ ׵ 
   ΰ ׵ null modem cable Ŀ SLIP
 Ű FTPġ ϴ  ξ  ̴.

 ̰͵ Ұϴٸ, ŵ ʹ  ð  
 ϰ ȴ. cdrom dirve   δϱ װ ϳ 
. ŵ Ϻ binary ġ Ѵٸ װ 400Mbyte
 з ʿϴ. 1.44 Mbyte ÷Ƿδ  280 ÷
ǰ ʿϴ.

ѵ  Ű   ̹ ϴ. ̰  
  Ѱ 丮ȿ ġ Ű  .deb 
 ΰ װ͵  Ѱ Packages  °̴.


ftp :

 ˾ƾ   :

- Ǿ FTP Ʈ θ
-  Ʈ Ÿ 

̹  ġ Ͽ  ftpƮ θ  
Ʈ   ̴. ٸ ġó  δ 
 ־ ϰ Ŀ ġ  Ͽ Ǿ Ѵ.



 
   ġ   ֻ 
 Ѵ.  ü ǥ  Ǿִٸ ̿  
 Ű° ʿ   ̴. dselect 
 binary-i386 κ Ͽ Ű ã ̰ 
contrib  non-free Ű ϵ ã ̴. ֻ
 ߰ߵ   ̻  Ӹ ƴ϶ 籸 
ΰ ε   ̴.

  ǥ ٸ dselect ̿Ͱ Ȳ  
Ǹ  ̰ װ   ̶ֻ  
 ̴. ̿  Ȳ none̶  ϸ  
Ǻ ε ġ õ ̴. : switching consoles 
VCs 屸 縦 Ѵ. ׷ binary-i386 Ѱ
δ ã contrib  non-free ã  ִ.

VCs : Virtual Console Ѱ̻ login μ ϴ 
̴.   VCs  Ѵ.  Alt Ű 
  F1 F6 Ű Բ Ƿν ȴ. װ 
 и ͹̳  ִ Ͱ .

 ǥ տܿ ߰ dselect local-distribution
̶ ġ ϴ option Ѵ.   ýý
 ڰ  ϱϿ Ѵ.  峻߿
  .deb ĳ ϵ  Ű  
üȿ ġ ؼ غ ̴.  ü ȿ 
ϴ  Ű ̰   dselect  
ġ Ͽ ׵ νϱ dpkg --merge-avail 
    ü ĳϵ "me rged"
 Ǿ Ѵ. ̰ dselect Ű  ʱ⸦ ϱ 
̴ ׷ ׵ Ű  ġ ؼ ʿ 
 Ѱ ȴ.   ǵ   ۵ȴٸ ۾
 available file  update ʿϰ  ̰ 
"Updated Available file" ɼ Ȱȭ ʴ´.




 1. [U]pdate

 ɼ  Access Ǿȿ  Ȯ پ  
ǵ  Űϵ  update  Űϵ
 updateѴ.  availableŰ  ٸ  
ɼ Ȱȭ ʴ´.



2. [s]elect

 ɼ dselect  û  䱸԰ ÿ dselect
 ִɷ ˷ش. dselect  Ǵ  key  
 ֿ  ϰ  ̴. dselect   
 ó   ؼ [S]elect  ÿ 
ൿ ̷ ʴ ̷  Ͽ Ѵ. ̰ 
  dselect ϰ   뼺 ѷν 
   ִ.   standard Ű ġ
ϱ ؼ ǥѴٸ ٸ   . ̰ ο ý
 ϴµ ſ  ̴.

[S]electȭ ù° Ͽ ȭ  ÿ̰ غκ 
װͿ   Ÿ ̶  ϿѴ.

 ͵ Ͽ :

- o Ű ̿Ͽ ϴ  ϶
- v Ű ȿ Ͽ ϶
- ߿ Ű ã Ѵٸ / Ű Ͽ
- i Ű I  ȿ ϶
- ġϿ Ű ߰϶
- ȭ鿡 Ͽ ٷ

select ȭ߿ ù° Ͽ  ȭ   Ǿȿ 
 ǰ Ű   ̴. ȭǥŰ ̶Ʈٸ 
̸/޴ ,Ʒ ̵ų ̴.   Ű 
o Ű ν ٲִܼ.   Ű õõ  
Ʈ  Ű priority , section  
, ׸  alphabetical listing   ٲ 
ȭ  ̴.

ȭ鳻 ʳ *_* ȣ Ǵ  ٸ  
ȭ   ˻縦   ִ.  v Ű Ƿν ȭ  
  ܾ  ȣ Ǵ ̴. v Ű  
 ߰ߵǴ ª Ӹ ƴ϶ ȿ ġ  
  Ÿ. ٽ v Ű Ƿν  ǥ 
 ư  ִ.

 츮  ߿ Ѱ Ư Ű ã
  . Midnight Commander(mc) ſ  Ű̴. 
׷ װ standard Űȿ ʱ⿡ δ 
Ǿ ʾҴ. / Ű Ͽ ׸  ã° 
׿ mc ԷϿ. ã ڸ ϰִ Ű 
 ʿ ãϴ Ű ƴҰ̴.  ĺ 
ĵ  ƴ϶ mc ϴ   Ű 
⿡ ã⸦ ϴ ó ó ߰ߵǱ⵵ Ѵ.   
ã ؼ back slash(\) Ű   ǿ ´ ˻
 ӵȴ.  ݺ Ͽ ϴ Ű ã  
̴. mc Ű ߰ߵǾٸ ȭ غκ Ű   
  ̴. i Ű    ٸ ȭ 
ش. ù° Ű ġġ ˷ְ   ΰ پ
 ϰ  ִµ װ priority(), section(ҼӼ
), dependencies() Ű  ̴߰.  
 Ϻδ پ ó ſ ϴ. IŰ شŰ 
 ȭ鿡    Ȯϱ Ͽ ٸ ȭ ش. 
ٽ װ  ø    ٸ    
ȭ ǿ    ̴. ׷  Ű ؼ 3
 ٸ  ǥ ϴ.

ø  Ͽ ǥ ġ 䱸ϸ EnterŰ 
 Ȳ ϸ鼭  ġ(install) ۵ ̴.

   ؼ ġ  ߰ Ű 
 ϴ   ̴. ǥ  Ϻϰ  Ŀ ٽ 
ƿų Ǵ  dpkg Ͽ óȴ

 ġ Ű ġ ؼ +Ű ȴ. ?Ű 
+ ݴ Ȱ Կ Ͽ  Ű ſ ȴ. 
Ű   ̰ ϴ Ͱ ġ  ʴ Ͱ 
. UpgradeͰ  ȭ Ű    
  HŰ ϴ  ϴ. ̰ Ű 
(hold)Ų.(̰  Ű  ൿ  ʵǴ 
 ֵȴ)

ȭ  mc Ű ̶Ʈ ٰ ġϸ +Ű . 
 "Dependency Confilict Resolution Help Screen" ( 븳 
 â)  ̴. ̰ õ Ű ġǱ  븳 
Ǵ  ذؾ Ѵٴ  ǹѴ.   ġ
  libgpm1  ɸ ̴. ̽ٸ  
ʱâ  mc ʿ ϵ  ̴. Dselect 
, 븳 ذϴµ ʿ  ϴ  ƴ.  
幰 Ű ǵʹ ٸ װ ġϱ⵵ Ѵ. 
â Ͽ Ű ⼭ ȴ. dslect 
ʴ´ٸ QŰ  õ  Ѵ.

Midnight Commander 쿡 dselect     
libgpm1 Ű ġϿ ߰Ű enterŰ  
â  ȴ. enterŰ ٽ  â  Ǵ 
  ̶ ġϱ   Ű  
 ִ. ġ   Ű   Ͽ  ϴ 
 ð dselect ϱ  ġǴ ,ǳʶ Ű ׸ 
ġ ͵鿡  Ѵ. ϳ Ű ϴ   
ϴ.  ׷Ƿ ġ ߿  Ͽ ؼ 긦 Ἥ 
 ʿ䰡 .

ǥؼǿ joe vim    Ű ߰ߵʴ
. ý Ǵµ ʿ   Ű ִµ װ 
ٸ Ű ߿ϰ ϰ ǰ װ ġϴ  
 ϰ ȴ.


3. [I]nstall
 ɼ [S]elect ǿ õ Ű ġϱ Ͽ dpkg
 ϴ ̴.    Ǵ  ̻ ͵ ġ 
ϰ Ǵµ   ϴ Ű   ȵǾ 
̴.  ܰ  Ű ġ   ̴.


4. [C]onfig
ġܰ迡  Ű ϴµ ȴ.


5. [R]emove
[S]electܰ迡 (purge)  Ǵ ŵǵ ǥõ Ű 
Ѵ.


6. [Q]uit
dselect  α׷ Ų.


  dselect Ͽ Ű ġϴ ⺻ ٷ
. dselect ٷ궧 â д´ٸ dslect Ư¡ 
 ذ ϳ þ ̴. װ   Ź ο 
 õغ  dselect ʺڿ װ  ɿ 
ͼ   ̴. ϰ ϰ װ ϱ 
ൿ  ؾ . ǿ  dselect 
ٷٸ    Ű߿   
 ϳ ԵǴ ̴.




4.3 dselect  Upgrade
 ý ġϰ ʿ  Ű ġϿٸ 
dselect ý۵  ϴ  ô̳ . 
Dselect( dpkg) ý Ȳ database ó 
Ѵ. ġ Ű Ȳ /var/lib/dpkg/status ȿ ȴٸ 
 Ű ġǾ, װ , ׸ ߰ ʿ 
 /var/lib/dpkg/info 丮 ȴ.  
/var/lib/dpkg/available  ο ü ġ  
dselect ؼ updateȴ. ̰ ڵ ̷  
ƴ ʱ dselect޴߿ [U]pdate õǾ  Ͼ
.

̿  о κ dselect  ȣۿε 
update  ִ. dselect  ϱؼ ù° 
ؾ    ۾ ִ.  1.2 йⰣ߿ dpkg 
  ߰ upgrade  ִ. ̶ upgrade  
  ߸. ̷ ο  Ͽ  ȭ 
ϴ  Ѱ ŭ ڿ   ´. ̿ 
   ˾ƺ ؼ   Ͽ ŵǾ
 ϴ ϵ ˾ƺƾ Ѵ.

dpkg --clear-avail

 Ŀ dpkg Ͽ  ͵ ġ   ̴.

 - ld.so  ֽŹ
 - libc5 ֽŹ
 - dpkg ֽŹ

dselect  Ǵ   ߿ Ű ʿ
.

ġ ý upgrading ,    ͵ ġ
ϴ  Ѵ.    dpkg upgradeϴ 
 ׻ ʿϴ.  Ű dpkgӸ ƴ϶ dselect ֽŹ
 ȴ. ο   Ű ֽŹ dpkg 
ʿ Ѵ.

̿  غ۾ , dselect  ý upgrade 
ؼ   ִ. Ÿ upgrade ȵǴ Ű 
Ѵٸ װ͵ [S]electȭ鿡 holdȲ Ǿ  
ִ. ̰ ؼ /Ű Ͽ H ԷϿ Ű ã
ƶ.  ̷ ν holdȲ  Ű ϰ̰ 
dselect ̰͵鿡 ؼ ƹ ȭ ʴ´. ߿ 
ο Ű ȭϴ  ܿ ߿ ߰ Ű 
  ִ 

[S]electܰ迡 ̿  ó    upgrade 
Ѵ  ̴.


#### dselect Ǵ ֿ Ű ###


dselect 򸻿 Ǵ Ű
space key      :  Ż
.key            :   ȭ

# Ű ϳ Ǵ ׷ . +, - Ű ׷ε 
 ټ

dselect Ǵ ֿ Ű
- ̵ õ Ű
                                        
- ̶Ʈ            n, down, j              p, up, k
-                   N,page-down,space    P,page-up,back-space
- ٴ                  ^n                      ^p
-  ۰         t, Home key            e, End key
- page scroll info
Ű            u                       d
 Ѿ      
- line scroll info          ^u                       ^p
- pan display             B, leftȭŰ             F, rightȭŰ
by1/3 screen  
- pan display             ^b                      ^f
by 1 character 



- Ű
key                     ǹ
+ , insert key           install or upgrade
- , delete key           remove
_ (shift+-)              remove ϰ  
=, H                     (hold)
:, G                    unhold 
                        (upgrade Ǵ leave uninstalled)


- Quit, Exit, Overwrite key (ǿ!)
(ָ, 븳/  â  â 밡)
key                     뵵
Return          Confirm, quit (check dependendies)
Q              confirm, quit (override dep.s)
X, Esc          exit, ȭ ()
R                 · Ѵ.
                (븳 (conflict) /   (dependency) 
                â     )
U                · ġ
D               Ȯϰ 䱸 ·   ġ.
                 (븳 /  â   )


- Miscellaneous ( ŸŰ )
key             뵵
?, F1           
i, I             toggle / cycle info displays
                ( ǥǴ   ȯ )
o, O            ĺȯ 
                ( O  Ǵ , o  Ǵ  )
                o ( priority (), section (з) )
                O ( alphabetic (ڼ), availability (뼺), 
                status(¼))
v, V            ǥ ȯ 
^l               redraw display
/               ˻ ( enterġ  )
\               ˻ ݺ





-EIOM field
            Ȳ    ǹ
E (Error flag)     
                R       ɰ ߻
I (Install state)    ġȵ
                 *      ̻ ġ
                U      ϵũ 򸮱    ȯ漳     
                        (configure) ȵǾ 4.[C]onfig ʿ
                C       ȯ漳    ߻, 
                        ݸ  ȯ漳 
                l       ġ  ߻, ݸġ
O (Old mark)   *        ġǰų upgrade  Ű
                -        ȯ漳 ״ 
                =       (hold)Ǵ   Ű,  
                        ,upgrade ȵ
                _        ÿ ȯ漳file 
                n       ŰϿ Ӱ ߰  Ű 
                        ǹϸ  Ű  ýۿ  
                         ġ/ ǥ  ʾ
M (Mark)                       old mark 



- Priority(켱)
ǥ            ǹ 
Req(required)     ʼ .  ƾ߸ ý ư
                ( system library file )
Imp(important)  ſ ߿ , ۿ ,   run level  3
                 ϵ ( vi, MTA, MTU(mail, mailx)  )
Std(standard)    ǥ Ǵ . ٰ   ý  
                ʴ  ƴϳ ߵ(gcc, make..)  ־ 
                ſ ʿ ͵
Opt(optional)     ġ Ű (X ý, kernel source...)
Xtr(Extral)       Ǵ Ű.      Ű
                 ϰų,   ϴ Ű 



- Ű 
                    ǹ 
븳(Confilects)          ΰ Ͼ  浹 ߻.   
                        ϳ ؾ ϴ  
                        (smail sendmail )
(Depends)           ȣ ϴ . κ α׷  
                        C library ϰ mail, mailx MTA
                        smail, sendmail MUA   
(Pre-depends)     ٸ Ű ġǱ  ݵ ġǾ 
                        ϴ  Ű ǹ.
ġ(Replace)            Ű ٸ Ű    ִ 
                        
(Provides)            Ű   Ű  
                         óϴ 
õ(Reccomends)       Ű       
                            ִ . 
                         θϿ ڵ 
(Suggests)           õ    ǳ 
                          ڵ Ǵ  ƴ϶ 
                        ڿ ѱ





