Home Supercomputing with Linux

ű:  
 ġ: http://www.cris.com/~rjbono/html/pondermatic.html


-FAQ 
1. ?
2.   Ʈ ؾ ?
3.  Ʈ    ?
4.PVM,MPI ̷  ?
5.򰡿  ڵ带 ڵ ȭ ִ Ϸ ְ?
6.  ̷ () ?
7. Ȥ    ư Ÿ̽  ִ   ?
8. Ű-=콺 ġ    ʳ?
9. ̷(KNI,3DNOW!,MMX instruction)    ִ Ϸ    ?
10. 386 100 Ŭ͸  ε     ?
11.   մϱ?(   )
12. ߿  ?(CPU speed,Meomory speed,Memory Size...)
13. ٸ      ֳ?
14.HOW TO?

-Ȩ ǻ(Pondermatic IV)

beowulf  linux Ͽ  ǻ͸    ⿡ ̾  
Ǿ . ó õ   pondermatic̶ Ī cluster µ ߵǾ. 
   Ӿ     6.0 İ   
 processor  ǻͿ ̸ ƴ.   redhat 5.2 povray 3.01  ƶ. 

http://www.cris.com/~rjbono/html/oldpondermatic.html 

Ѵ(starting point)

  ϳ   ӵ μ  cluster ׷    ξ 
ȿ̶ ̴.  쿡,  ӽ ٸ ӽű  Ѵ.    
ӽ ϰ ó     ش.   Ŀο SMP 
غ ߴ. ÿ, Abit BP6 motherboard   о.  motherboard
ΰ     CPU SMP dual processor mode ϴ  Ѵ. 
̺ CPU bus speed   ϵ ͸  ϴ ſ λ 
Ư¡   δ.(~$130) Pentium II processor AMD K6& Cryix CPU ݿ 
ϱ  Intel Celeron CPU  δ.  Celeron overclock  ߵǴ 
 ˷ ִ. 

 ϱ  overclock ؾ  ؾ ǹ  ޾Ҵ. 
overclock ʾ   ý ı  ,     ŰǷ 
  ִ ؾ ϸ Ϲ ޵Ǿ  ȴ.  װ  
 (   ^^)   ýۿ overclock õ  ʷϴ 
   å̴.( ^^; ) 

  ǵ带 83MHz Ŵμ 366MHZ CPU 458MHz overclockϴ 찡 95% 
........... ̷ ؼ  10Mbit/sec Ethernet  Beowulf cluster 
ݰ   ΰ dual Celeron systems 458MHz Setup script  
CD-ROM install ϶. ̰ IDE ̺꿡  ȴ. ϰ õ  
overclock  ߴ. 

¥غ(Sourcing Parts)

 ӽ  ǰ ͳ  ,      ˻ 
Pricewatch Killerapp . an ATXcase, Abit BP6 motherboard, 
two Celeron 366 MHz CPU's w/fans, 64 MB of PC100 SDRAM, an 8MB AGP video card, 
floppy drive, sound card and 4.3 GB hard drive  $550 ߴ. 
 boot (Win98,WinNT4, & Redhat 6.0) ӽν ׸  ϴµ  
ֺġmonitors, keyboards, CD-ROMs, zip drives ߴ. 

 ߰; ط ֽ ͳ   Linux System Labs  
Redhat Linux 6.0    ִ.  SMP PVMPOV  ν  
 CPU  (?) (?)  ֵ ش.( !) 



⺻   : 
Abit BP6 dual Celeron PPGA motherboard 
Two Intel Celeron 366 MHz CPU's with cooling fans and heat sinks 
64MB of PC-100 SDRAM 
Fujitsu UltraDMA 4GB hard disk 
NE2000 compatible network interface card 
8MB AGP graphics card (SiS6326) 
QEDӽ  𵩰 IDE Zip drive׸ Mitsumi CD-RW drive  ִ. 

( ġ)Installing Redhat Linux 6.0
 ġ RPM Ͽٸ Ǻ ణ  ִ.
(̾~)RPM  MPICH, LAM &PVMó ߿ Beowulf software  Redhat ftp site ̿밡ϴ.

(Ž  QED  ġϱ)Install notes for QED (First machine):

.̽ 带 Ѵ. Enlight ATX case ̺  ġ  ϴ 
 Ư¡ ִ.

. ӽκ    4GB hardrive  zip drive  Mitsumi CD-RW Բ ߴ. 
NT 4.0 Windows 98   Ƽ ϰ ϱ   Windows 98 ġ  fat 16 
 Ȯߴ.Windows 98  ġ ٷ NT 4.0  Ƽǿ ġߴ. 
̰ NT 4.0 bootloader NT Windows 98 νϰԲ Ѵ.

.ġ CDκ Ʈ ũ .̰  ϴ. 

 :

1. CD-ROM ̺꿡 ְ DOS prompt.  .
2. CD-ROM drive 丮 Ѵ.( d: ɤ    )
3. images subdirector . CD-ROM ġ  ϳ Ʈ ũ ʿ Ѵ.
4. rawrite Ͽ boot.img file ÷Ƿ űν Ʈ ũ .
5. boot.img ̸ ԷѴ: boot.img
6. ÷ ̺긦  ش.: a
7. rawrite  boot.img Ѵ.



.  Ʈ ũ ν ý Ʈ Ų.
 쿡  Ŀ  ɶ ɼ  ʰ   ִ.
.setup script  CD-ROM install ϶. ̰ IDE drives  ȴ. 
ϰ õ  the Redhat install guide, the Linux Installation HOW-TO ׸ 
the CD-ROM HOW-TO ϶.(^^;)
.64 MB swap partition  ̺   Ƽ Ѵ.

.ġ  Ű ϶.(~)
.ġ ̴.  ӽ ġ 뷫 20  Ҹߴ.
.X windows server  networking  ġ  ޹ħν ġ ϼѴ.
.Networking:θ  IPּ  ϶.  192.168.0.XXX ߴ. 

  IP ּҿ̴.
.Machine name: qed 
.domain name: synergetics.org 
( Ʈ̱   ϴ  ε  ̸ ۵Ѵ.).
.IP address: 192.168.0.1 
.Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0 
.gateway  nameserver addresses ʱⰪ  ƶ.( DNS  ʾҴ.)

.system boot diskette . LILO bootloader option ϶. 
 ٷ , Windows NT Worskstation 4.0  ټ ̻ϰ ۵Ѵ.
NT bootloader  νĽŰ    How-to  ִ. 
Ʈ ũ    ӽ Ʈ ų   ̸, NT loader menu Windows 98 
õ   loadlin batch file  ̴. windows 98 boot loadlin ϴ 
 Linux+Windows95 Reference homepage ã ִ.

.Microsoft OS dual-booting  multiple booting Ҷ  õϴ ̴. 

NOTE:  multiple CPU system θ ġ ʴ ٸ Ʈ ũ 
uniprocessor kernel ʱġ  ̴.   loadlin  , 
/boot directory  windows c:\ drive smp enabled kernel   ʿ䰡 ִ.

.ġ  ܼϴ. ӽ Ʈ Űڸ login prompt  ̴. 
 ̸ root Էϰ,   ȣ ԷѴ.



 ° ӽ  Pondermatic̶ Īϰ  ġ  ޶. 
̰ CD drive      ڽ̴. ⿡ NFS ġߴ. 
NFS ġ ٸ Ʈ ũ ʿϴ.  Ʈ ũ  ø  boot.img 
 bootnet.img ϶.  Pondermatic NFS server  ǵ QED νĽ״. 
QED root log in ڸ  NFS setup ϶.

.߰ν/etc/exportsfile϶:/mnt/cdrom pondermatic.synergetics.org(ro)
.exportfs -a ν NFS daemon  ϶.
.Է ߰ν /etc/hosts file ϶. 
:192.168.0.1 pondermatic.synergetics.org pondermatic
.QED ̺꿡 Redhat CD ְ Ʈ Ѷ. :mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
. Pondermatic NFS ġν QED   غ  ̴. :
.boot.img Ͽ ý ƮŲ.  쿡,  Ŀο   ɼ 
 ʿ ߴ.
.NFS ġ ν setup script . 
 install script LAN ī ġ  ӽ ̸  ӽ ̸  ̴.  
   ,   synergetics.org ȣƮ  Pondermatic Էߴ.
.NFS  ̸   QED IP ּ 192.168.0.1 Է϶. 
 (Pondermatic  ȣƮ ӿ  ʴ´.) 
 NFS ġ  丮 /mnt/cdrom̴.ġ QED  ϴ.
. Redhat install guide, the Linux Installation HOW-TO ׸ the CD-ROM HOW-TO ִ. 
  NFS How-to. ִ.

̺  ۾ϱ(Configuring the Cluster)

Beowulf Cluster ⺻   ޽  ̺귯 ۵Ѵ.
MPI (Message Passing Interface)  PVM (Parallel VirtualMachine) װ̴. 
̷ ̺귯 α׷  ų   ӽŰ ߰ · Ͱ ۵ȴ. 
MPI PVM  PCP/IP  ۵Ǿ . 
 ׵ Ѵ rsh  ٸ ӽſ Ѵ. 
̷ ٷ  Unix  ٸ ӽſ    ִ.   ʴ. 
 ǻͷμ ū    , ׻ ͳݿ ؾϴ   ߴ 
 Ѵٸ   . ;(

 ׸  ӽſ Ͽ Ѵ.(Pondermatic  ڴ.):

1.superuser root α  Ѵ.
2,   ϳ . ׻ root ۾ϴ  ſ ϴ. 
 ο ڴ home directory ϳ   ̴.  ̸ rjbono ϰ , 
    home directory /home/rjbono̴.

3. /etc/hosts file ϶. hosts   Ʈ  ӽ IPּҸ ̸ 
 ٲپ  ̴.   ̷ϴ.

192.168.0.1 qed.synergetics.org qed
192.168.0.2 pondermatic.synergetics.org pondermatic

4. /etc/hosts.equiv file ϶.
   ӽ ̸ ִ   rsh ӽſ ϰԲ Ѵ.   !

qed.synergetics.org
pondermatic.synergetics.org

5.   Ʈ ִ  ӽſ Ѷ.

6. α׾ƿ   ο ڷ α  Ѵ.

7. . qed console ־.  TCP/IP  ȣƮ  
  ٸ ӽſ pingingν ۵ϰ ִ ׽Ʈ϶: e.g. ping pondermatic
  Ctrl-C ping ߰  Ÿ. 
   ping ۵ ʴ´ٸ Linux how-to's  Ͽ ¾  ذؾ Ѵ.

8.rsh  ۵ϴ  ׽Ʈ ϶. QED rsh pondermatic "ls -l"    ƶ. 
̰ pondermatic  丮    ̴.
  ̰ ùٷ Ʒٸ,  Ʈ PVM ۵  ν  ̴.

PVM ġ(Installing and configuring PVM)

PVM ٸ  غ ,  ֽ (pvm3.4.0) ٿε   װ  
ϴ  ֻå ˰ Ǿ. beowulf CD ִ pvm 3.3 RPM ۵ PVM  
α׷    ʿ  ϵ   ʴ. 3.3    
Redhat 5.X   ʴ´. ġ  ܼϴ:



1.   丮 (  /home/rjbono) pvm3.4.0.tgz ٿε Ѵ.
2.  .bash_profile file   ߰϶.

PVM_ROOT=$HOME/pvm3
PVM_DPATH=$PVM_ROOT/lib/pvmd 
PVM_ARCH=LINUX
export PVM_ROOT PVM_DPATH PVM_ARCH 

3. ο ȯ ϱ  α ƿ   ٽ α  ϶.

4. tar -zxvf pvm3.4.0.tgz pvm file untar϶.

5. /pvm3  .

6.  ϶.

7.  Ȩ 丮   pvm . pvm prompt   ̴. 
   ׷ٸ     ̴. halt ģ  pvm Ͷ.

8. cluster  ӽſ ̰ ݺ϶.

9. cluster ӽ ߰   ִ  ׽Ʈ غƶ. 
  qed console ε, pvm Է pvm daemon prompt .
  conf ġ  cluster( qed ۿ ) ӽ Ѵ   ̴. 
  cluster   ӽ ̸ Է (e.g. add pondermatic.synergetics.org) 
  add ɾ ߰϶.conf ļ cluster  ӽ  ȮѴ.
  ̰Ϳ Ѵٸ ۵ϴ ¥ cluster  ̴. 
   ù ° parallel program ִ ̴. halt pvm  Ͷ.



PVMPOV ġϱ Installing PVMPOV

Pov-ray multiplatform, freeware raytracer̴.   װ ҽ ڵ带 
 Ư    . ̷   ϳ PVMPOV̸, 
beowulf cluster󿡼 POV ray  ϰ Ѵ. ó PVMPOV   . 
PVMPOV ۵ϵ ϴ ġ  ϴ Andreas Dilger, Harald Deischinger ׸ 
Jakob Flierl  縦 ǥѴ. 
beowulf CD RPMS  α׷      α׷  ξ . 
̷  PVM patche  ҽ POV ray ϱ ߴ.pov ray 3.1e version ̷ϴ:

1. 3.1e version UNIX sources http://www.povray.orgκ ٿε Ѵ. 
   ̰ povuni_s.tgz  povuni_d.tgz Ǿ ִ.

2. PVMPOV patch file ٿε   home directory  Ѵ.

3. home directory pvmpov3_1e_1 丮 Ѵ. 

4. povray files pvmpov3_1e_1 directory  ϰ װ untar Ѵ. 
   ̰ /povray31 ų ̴.
 
5. (cd ̵) home directoryκ PVMPOV patch file untarѴ. 
   /pvmpov3_1e-1 directory ̵϶.

6. inst-pvm script Ŵν patch ϶.

7. /pvmpov3_1e_1/povray31/source/zlib directory   ̺귯 ϶. 
   make testν ./configure Ѷ. su Ƿ root userΰ 
   make install typeؼ ̺귯 ġ϶. exit  Ϲ  Ͷ.

8./pvmpov3_1e_1/povray31/source/libpng directory  png library  ϶. 
   ν make file : cp scripts/makefile.std makefile. 
  ϷǸ ٽ su make install  . exit  Ϲ  Ͷ.

9. /pvmpov3_1e_1/povray31/source/pvm directory  pvm.h  
  "#if defined(SUN4SOL2) || defined(your_pvm_arch)"  "#if defined(SUN4SOL2) || defined(LINUX)" 
  ٲν Ų. 

10.export PVM_ARCH=LINUX ġǷν PVM_ARCH  ǵǾ ִ ȮѴ.

11.ӽ÷ pvm library directory "export PATH=$PATH:$PVM_ROOT/lib" Էν 
    ˻ θ ߰϶.

12./pvmpov3_1e-1/povray31/source/pvm directory "aimk newunix" Էν 
    ϶. ϷǸ /povray31/sources/pvm/LINUX directory   ִ 
   PVMPOV   ̴.   amin home directory ϶."aimk newsvga"
   aimk newxwin" SVGA  X-windows  Ѷ.



PVMPOV ׸ ġŷ(Running PVMPOV and benchmarking)

POVray benchmarking site skyvase.pov  ù ° ġŷ  ٿεϱ⸦ Ѵ. 
  Ͽ  cluster rendering time  ٸ computer cluster    
ִ. skyvase.pov  PVM ۵ϴ  ǻͿ ϶. 



ʹ  ִ κ̴.-ִ Ŵϱ(Now the fun part)

1.  ӽ  ϳκ PVM ϶.

2. PVM ׽Ʈ   ٸ ӽŵ ۵Ѷ. conf ΰ  ۵ϴ Ȯ϶.

3.pvm prompt quit ļ comand-line ư. 
  PVM daemon  ۵Ѵٴ  ϶. pvm ư  pvm Ķ. 
  log outϱ  ׻ halt pvm deamon ߰ ϶.

4. raytracying ϰ νĵ cluster  Ķ.

./pvmpov +iskyvase.pov +h480 +w640 +FT +v1 -x -d +a0.300 -q9 -mv2.0 -b1000 (̾..Է..)
 -nw32 -nh32 -nt4 -L/home/rjbono/pvmpov3_1e_1/povray31/include

-nw -nh switch ϰ ̰ pvmpov Ưϰ ϸ ۵  ̺꿡 
 ̹ ũ⸦ ϴ benchmark option command-line̴. -nt4 switch Pondermatic IV 
 νĿ õ ̴. 4 task  CPU ϳ óȴ. 
 screen  ޽ ̺  ۵ ش. 
 cluster  ̹ rendering Ѵ. ϷǸ PVMPOV ü render time 
 slave ġ ش.



ġũ (Pondermatic IV Cluster Benchmark Results)



 ù ° cluster pondermatic 5 ӽ Ǿ( 밳 486) Povbench test image 
renderϴ  1 45ʰ ɷȴ. ̰    486-66 ӽſ ų   20  
ɸ. 266MHz MMX 3  ɷȴ.
overclock  dualӽŵ    .single processor 1 4 render time
ŷȰ,  CPU 1 ӽ ð 39ʷ մ. δ  CPU 22  ð ߴ.

 pondermatic cluster DEC Alpha 500 MHz machineӸƴ϶ 300 & 400 MHz Pentium II 
 ӽŰ    ̴. Pondermatic IV cluster ٸ  ӽŰ   ۵Ǿ.
 cluster $27,000 Pentium II 350MHz ӽź 1 .



,,̷ ϵ(Summary, Conclusions & Future Work -nh & -nw switch )



  ǻ    ε ϰ Ǿ.
molecular modeling, electromagnetics ׸ weather forecasting α׷ŭ̳ 
raytracing α׷ ̿ ϴ.    (200-266Mhz) ӽ 400Mhz Pentium II machine
  ۾Ѵ.  , 486 ӽ óð ̴µ ()  ,
       ӽ ϴ  ִ. 
 cluster  PVMPOV  raytracer   ִϸ̼   .

$600 Ϸ Intel Celeron CPU Abit BP6 motherboard ν Dual processor, 
SMP    ִ. overclock Ȥ Ѹġ  ϴ.
PVMPOV  ̹ õ ִ. Ư¡ -nh  -nw switch  ִ. 
cluster νİ ̹   ̴̰.



   մ Ѵ. ^^

1.program   о߿ PVM MPI Ѵ.

2.Linux Kernel, PVM ׸ PVMPOV ϴµ  Pentium II Ѵ.

3.pondermatic network 100 Mbit/sec fast Ethernet ̳ 
  ּ channel bonded 10 Mbit/sec Ethernet  ׷̵Ѵ.

4. ̹ ڹ迭  -nh  -nw  Ѵ. 

5. PVMPOV animation frame rendering ׽Ʈ Ѵ.

6.diskless boot, NFS ӽſ غ. 
  ϵũ ʿ䰡  ý ߰   ̴. 
       diskless boot page ƶ.



ʿ伺    ſ   Դϴ.

:츰 ŵ   ִٴ ׷ ڽŰ Ҿ ־ְ ;ϴ.
     ׷ ģ  ǥϷ ߱..
      ݸ   486̵ 586̵ ־ٰ
     غٸ Ŭ ǹ̸ Ȯ ˼  Դϴ.
        ̿   Ʈ ã ø
       ǻ (http:kwangju.linux.or.kr) 
     .


 

