  DNS HOWTO
  Nicolai Langfeldt janl@linpro.no
  Version 2.2.1, 18 July 1999
  앐Y nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp
  v2.2.1j3, 12 August 1999

  ZԂ DNS Ǘ҂ɂȂ@B
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ڎ

  1. O
     1.1 @IȂ
     1.2 ӎƃwvW
     1.3 

  2. ͂߂
  3. LbVp̃l[T[o
     3.1 named N
     3.2 Pɂ
     3.3 ߂łƂ

  4. PȃhC
     4.1 ł܂ŏɑދȗ_
     4.2 ̃hC
     4.3 t][
     4.4 C邱
     4.5 Ȃt삵Ȃ̂
        4.5.1 t][㗝Ȃ
        4.5.2 NXX (classless) ̃Tulbgꍇ

  5. ۂ̃hC̗
     5.1 /etc/named.conf (܂ /var/named/named.conf)
     5.2 /var/named/root.hints
     5.3 /var/named/zone/127.0.0
     5.4 /var/named/zone/land-5.com
     5.5 /var/named/zone/206.6.177

  6. eiX
  7. o[W 4 o[W 8 ɍXV
  8. Q & A
  9. n DNS Ǘ҂ɂȂ邽߂

  ______________________________________________________________________

  1.  O

  Keywords: DNS, bind, bind-4, bind-8, named, dialup, ppp, slip, isdn,
  Internet, domain, name, hosts, resolving, caching.

  ̕ Linux Documentation Project ̈ꕔłB (: |ł
  Japanese FAQ Project ̈ꕔł)

  1.1.  @IȂ

  (C)opyright 1995-1999 Nicolai Langfeldt. Do not modify without
  amending copyright, distribute freely but retain copyright message.

  ̒̕쌠 (C)opyright 1995-1999 Nicolai Langfeldt ɂ
  B̕Cꍇ͒쌠\ɂ̎|LĉB
  ύXȂΎRɍĔzz邱Ƃł܂B
  󒍁F|͒앐Ys܂B(C)opyright 1998-1999 Takeo Nakano

  1.2.  ӎƃwvW

  {̃htgłJēǂłA̗LvȒĂ
   Arnt Gulbrandsen Ɋӂ܂B܂dq[ŒĂ
  Ăꂽ̕Xɂӂ܂B

  ͂̕܂̂ł͂܂B̕ǂɂ邽
  ߂ɁA_␬ȂǂɂĕM҂Ƀ[𑗂ĉBRgE
  AȂǂ janl@math.uio.no ܂ŁB[𑗂AԐM]
  ɂ́AԐM̃AhXA܂Ƌ@\Ă邩ǂ
  mFĉ悤ɂ肢܂B܂[Oɂ͕K ``Q & A''
  ̃ZNVǂłBȂAǂ߂̂̓mEF[Ɖp
  ܂B

   HOWTO |󂷂ꍇ͎ɒm点ĉBǂ̌Ɏ̖O
  ڂm肽łA܂ HOWTO ̍XVm点ł
  B

  : ̕ v1.0 ́AcMFƓPÂƂ|󂳂܂
  B삪 v2.1.1 ɂ킹čXVAȍ~̊ǗsĂ܂BXV̍
  ɂ́AӌEEԍEAZ
  ĂJ삳E䂳͂߁A JF-ML ̊Fɂb
  Ȃ܂B

  |ɊւRg nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp ܂ł肢܂B DNS
  Ɋւ{ł̎ƂĂ linux-users [OXg
  <http://www.linux.or.jp/community/ml/linux-users/> 
  fj.os.linux.networking, fj.net.ip.dns ȂǂKł傤B

  1.3.  

   HOWTO  Anne Line Norheim Langfeldt ɕBƂĂޏ
  ̕ǂނƂ͖낤ǁBނ̏̎qȂ
  ȂB

  2.  ͂߂

  ͉̕łĉł͂ȂB

  DNS Ƃ Domain Name System ̂ƂłBDNS ̓lbg[Nɑ݂邷
  ׂẴ}V̖O IP ԍɕϊ܂B DNS ͖OAhXւ
  }bvAAhX疼Oւ̃}bvȂǂs܂B HOWTO 
  ́A Linux VXepĂ̂悤ȃ}bsO`@ɂ
  Lq܂Bł́u}bsOvƂ́APɓ̂̂т邱
  łB̏ꍇȂ ftp.linux.org Ƃ悤ȃ}V̖OƁÃ}
  V IP ԍ (IP AhX) ł 199.249.150.4 ̂悤Ȓlт
  邱ƂɂȂ܂B

  S (Ȃ ;-) ɂƂ DNS ́Albg[NǗ̂Ȃł킩
  ̈łB HOWTO ł́A̎𑽏ȂƂ킩
  悤ɂƎvĂ܂BȒP DNS l[T[oݒ肷@
  ܂B܂LbVp̃T[o͂߂āAhCɑ΂
  vC} DNS T[oݒ肵Ă܂BƕGȐݒsȂ
  ɂ́A̕ ``Q & A'' ̏͂QƂĂBɂĂ
  ȂAƂƂǂޕKvł傤Bu
  vɂẮA ``nǗ҂ɂȂ邽߂'' ̏͂Ő
  ܂B

  DNS ɂĂ̍Ƃn߂OɁAȂ̃}Vݒ肵āA telnet ł
  olbgւ̊eڑł悤ɂĂĂB
  telnet 127.0.0.1 ŁÃ݂}VgɃOCł悤ɂĂ
   (eXg!)B܂ /etc/nsswitch.conf (邢
  /etc/host.conf)A /etc/resolv.confA /etc/hosts Ȃǂ̃t@Cɑ΂
  āAݒĂĂB̋@\ɂĂ͂̕ł
  ܂Bȏ̈ꑵłĂȂꍇ́A NET-3-HOWTO 
  PPP-HOWTO ǂŁAƐݒ肵ĂĂB

  ̕ŁuȂ̃}VvƏĂꍇA DNS 𓮍삳
  悤ƂĂ}VŵƂ܂Bɂlbg[NɂȂ
  邠Ȃ̃}V͂ł傤ǁÂƂł͂܂B

  Ȃ̃}VĂlbg[Nɂ́AOubN
  ȖhΕ (t@CAEH[) ݂͑Ȃ̂Ƃ܂Bt@CAEH[
  ɂꍇɂ͓ʂȐݒ肪KvɂȂ܂B ``Q & A'' ̏͂
  B

  UNIX VXeł̖ÕT[rX named ƌĂ΂vOɂ
  Ď܂B Internet Software Consortium  Paul Vixie 
  ǗĂ ``bind'' pbP[WɊ܂܂vOłB named ͂
  Ƃǂ Linux ̃pbP[Wɂ܂܂ĂāA /usr/sbin/named ƂăC
  Xg[Ă܂B named łɂ΁Ag΂
  傤Bꍇɂ Linux  ftp TCgoCi肷邩A
  ŐṼ\[X <ftp://ftp.isc.org/isc/bind/src/cur/bind-8/> 肵
  ܂傤B HOWTO ł bind  version 8 ΏۂɂĂ܂B bind
  4 ΏۂɂÂo[W HOWTO 
  <http://www.math.uio.no/~janl/DNS/> ɂ܂̂ŁA bind 4 gĂ
  l͂QƂĂB named  man y[W (Ō̕ɂ
  FILES ZNV)  named.conf ɊւLq΁AȂ̎gĂ
  ̂ bind 8 łBt named.boot ɊւLq bind 4 łB
  ZLeBɋCgȂ΂ȂȂĺA bind 4 gĂȂ
  bind 8 ɃAbvO[hׂł傤B

  DNS ̓lbg[NŜɍLf[^x[XłBf[^̓o^͐Tdɍs
  Ȃ܂傤Bςȓeo^ƁAȂ̐lBf܂B^
  ڂɂƉ^p΁A DNS ͉b炵Ă͂łB DNS 
  gAǗ̎dAfobÔ肩wсAǂǗ҂ɂȂĂ
  Bݒ~XŃlbg[N𗎂Ƃ肷邱ƂȂ悤ɂ܂傤
  ˁB

  ̕ɂ́AƂ܂ĂƂ낪܂ (ł
  ̕AĂ킯Ⴀ܂)B͘b킩
  ₷邽߂łBĂ邱ƂMĂ΁AƂ肠܂s
  ͂łB ;-)

  qg:ύX悤Ɏwt@Cłɑ݂ĂA
  ̃obNAbvĂ܂傤BƂ̌ʂ܂Ȃ
  ɁA̓ĂԂɖ߂Ƃł悤ɂ邽߂łB

  3.  LbVp̃l[T[o

  DNS ݒ̍ŏ̈B_CAAbṽ[Uɂ͂ƂĂ֗łB

  LbVp̃l[T[oƂ́AǑʂL (LbV) 
  ĂA̖₢킹̎ɂ̋Lgē̂łB񂩂
  ̖₢킹ɑ΂鉞 (ɒxgĂꍇɂ) ɑ
  Ȃ܂B

  ܂ŏ /etc/named.conf Ƃt@CKvłB named ͋N
  Ƃ܂̃t@Cǂݍ݂܂B݂̂Ƃ́Aȉ̂悤ȊȒPȂ
  ̂ł悢ł傤B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  // Config file for caching only name server

  options {
          directory "/var/named";

          // Uncommenting this might help if you have to go through a
          // firewall and things are not working out:

          // query-source port 53;
  };

  zone "." {
          type hint;
          file "root.hints";
  };

  zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" {
          type master;
          file "pz/127.0.0";
  };
  ______________________________________________________________________

  directory ̍śA named QƂt@C̒uꏊw肷̂
  Bȍ~̑SẴt@C͂̑΃pXƂȂ܂BȂ킿
  fBNg pz  /var/named ȉɂAtpXŕ\L
  /var/named/pz ƂƂɂȂ܂B /var/named  Linux Filesystem
  Standard ɏfBNgłB

  /var/named/root.hints Ƃt@C̖O͂ŕtĂ܂B
  /var/named/root.hints t@C̓e͈ȉ̂悤ɂĂ܂B (
  ̓dqł炱̃t@CJbgAhy[Xgꍇ́Aۂ
  t@Cł͐擪ɃXy[XĂ͂ȂƂɒӂĂB
  ƁASĂ̍s󔒈ȊO̕ł͂܂ĂȂ΂܂B
  \tgɂẮAs̍ŏɃXy[XĂ܂Ƃ
  ŁAƍ邱Ƃ܂B̏ꍇ͐擪̃Xy[X菜
  gĂ)

  ______________________________________________________________________
  ;
  ; There might be opening comments here if you already have this file.
  ; If not don't worry.
  ;
  .                     6D IN NS        G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
  .                     6D IN NS        J.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
  .                     6D IN NS        K.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
  .                     6D IN NS        L.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
  .                     6D IN NS        M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
  .                     6D IN NS        A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
  .                     6D IN NS        H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
  .                     6D IN NS        B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
  .                     6D IN NS        C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
  .                     6D IN NS        D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
  .                     6D IN NS        E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
  .                     6D IN NS        I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
  .                     6D IN NS        F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

  G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    192.112.36.4
  J.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    198.41.0.10
  K.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    193.0.14.129
  L.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    198.32.64.12
  M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    202.12.27.33
  A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    198.41.0.4
  H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    128.63.2.53
  B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    128.9.0.107
  C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    192.33.4.12
  D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    128.8.10.90
  E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    192.203.230.10
  I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    192.36.148.17
  F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    192.5.5.241
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ̃t@Cɂ͐Ẽ[gl[T[oLq܂B͎ԂƂ
  ɕωĂ̂ŁAɑΉčXVKv܂BXV@
   ``eiX'' ̏͂ĂB

  named.conf ̎̃ZNV͍Ō zone łB̗p@ɂĂ͌
  ̏͂ŏqׂł̂ŁÂƂ͈ȉ̂悤ȓẽt@C
  pz TufBNg 127.0.0 ƂOōĂĂB (
  łJbgAhy[XgƂɂ͐擪̃Xy[X菜悤ɂ
  )

  ______________________________________________________________________
  @               IN      SOA     ns.linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. (
                                  1       ; Serial
                                  8H      ; Refresh
                                  2H      ; Retry
                                  1W      ; Expire
                                  1D)     ; Minimum TTL
                          NS      ns.linux.bogus.
  1                       PTR     localhost.
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ɁAȉ̂悤ȓe /etc/resolv.confKvłB

  ______________________________________________________________________
  search subdomain.your-domain.edu your-domain.edu
  nameserver 127.0.0.1
  ______________________________________________________________________

  `search' Ŏn܂ĂśA₢킹ꂽzXgThCw
  肵܂B`nameserver'Ŏn܂śAl[T[õAhXw肷
  ̂łB͎̃}VŃl[T[o𓮂̂ŁA[JzXgw
  肵܂B (: named ͂̃t@CQƂ܂BQƂ̂̓]
  ołB)

  ̃t@C̈Ӗ܂傤BNCAg foo ̖Os
  ƁA܂ŏ foo.subdomain.your-domain.edu 𒲂ׁA foo.your-
  domain.edu AŌ foo 𒲂ׂ܂B܂ sunsite.unc.edu ̖O
  sƁA sunsite.unc.edu.your-domain.eduA sunsite.unc.edu.your-
  domain.eduA sunsite.unc.edu ̏ɒׂ܂B search sɂ܂葽
  hCƁASĂ𒲂ׂ̂ɎԂ悤ɂȂ̂ŁAقǂق
  ɂĂ̂ǂł傤B

  ̗ł͂Ȃ̃}V subdomain.your-domain.edu ɂƂĂ
  ̂ŁAȂ̃}V̖O͂炭 your-machine.subdomain.your-
  domain.edu ƂȂĂł傤BȂ search sɂ͂Ȃ TLD (Top
  Level Domain, ̏ꍇ `edu') ܂߂ׂł͂܂Bpɂɐڑ
  悤ȓ̃hC΁Aȉ̂悤 search sɂ̃hC
  Ăł傤B (擪ɃXy[X苎̂YȂ
  悤ɁB)

  ______________________________________________________________________
  search subdomain.your-domain.edu your-domain.edu other-domain.com
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ۂɂ͖{̃hCKv܂BhC̍Ō
  ɂ̓sIhȂƂɒӂĂB͏dvȃ|Cg
  BhC̍Ōɂ̓sIhȂƂɒӂĂB

   /etc/nsswitch.conf ܂ /etc/host.conf ̂ꂩύX܂B
  ǂύX邩͎gĂ libc ̃o[WɈˑ܂Bł
  nsswitch.conf 悤ȏꍇ͂ύX܂傤BȂ
  host.conf ύX܂傤B

  /etc/nsswitch.conf

  ͑傫ȃt@CŁA낢Ȏނ̃f[^ɑ΂āAꂼǂ
  t@CA邢͂ǂ̃f[^x[X擾邩w肷̂
  Bʏ͂߂ɂȂRg擪ɏĂ܂BǂłƂ
  傤BǂݏIA `hosts:' Ŏn܂sĂBȉ
  悤Ȃ̂łB

  ______________________________________________________________________
  hosts:      files dns
  ______________________________________________________________________

  (擪̃Xy[XɒӂłAłHȍ~͌܂񂩂
  ˁB)
  `hosts:' Ŏn܂sȂꍇ́A̗ǉĂB̎w
  ƁAvO͂܂ /etc/hosts t@CāA resolv.conf
  ɂ DNS `FbNɂ悤ɂȂ܂B

  /etc/host.conf

  炭s邤̈s order ł͂܂ĂAȉ̂悤
  ȂĂł傤B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  order hosts,bind
  ______________________________________________________________________

  `order' ̍sꍇɂ͒ǉĂB̎wƁAO
  [`͍ŏ /etc/hostsQƂAɃl[T[o (resolv.conf 
  127.0.0.1 Ǝw肵܂) ɖ₢킹悤ɂȂ܂B

  3.1.  named N

  ̏񂾂Anamed 𗧂グ܂傤B_CAAbvڑ
  ĂĺA܂ɐڑĂB `ndc start' Ɠ͂ă^[
  ĂBIvV͎w肵܂B܂Ȃꍇ
  `/usr/sbin/ndc start' ƂĂ݂܂傤B܂Ȃꍇ ``Q
  & A'' ̏͂ĉB named 𓮂ĂŒ  syslog ̃bZ[
  Wt@C (ʂ /var/adm/messages ł /var/log fBNg
   syslog ̂悤ȃt@C܂)  (tail -f
  /var/adm/messages Ƃ܂) Aȉ̂悤ȏo͂\͂ł:

  (\ ŏIĂśA̍sɑĂ邱Ƃ\܂)

       Feb 15 01:26:17 roke named[6091]: starting.  named 8.1.1 Sat Feb 14 \
         00:18:20 MET 1998 ^Ijanl@roke.uio.no:/var/tmp/bind-8.1.1/src/bin/named
       Feb 15 01:26:17 roke named[6091]: cache zone "" (IN) loaded (serial 0)
       Feb 15 01:26:17 roke named[6091]: master zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" \
         (IN) loaded (serial 1)
       Feb 15 01:26:17 roke named[6091]: listening [127.0.0.1].53 (lo)
       Feb 15 01:26:17 roke named[6091]: listening [129.240.230.92].53 (ippp0)
       Feb 15 01:26:17 roke named[6091]: Forwarding source address is [0.0.0.0].1040
       Feb 15 01:26:17 roke named[6092]: Ready to answer queries.

  G[Ɋւo͂ꍇ́AԈႦĂ̂ł傤B named
  ͂̊ԈĂt@C𖼎wĂ͂ł (named.conf 
  root.hints ̂ǂ炩Ǝv܂ :-)B named  kill āAnamed ֌W
  ̃t@CĊmF܂傤B

  āA܂ōsĂݒĂ݂܂傤B nslookup NāA
  ܂ł̍ƂmFĂ݂܂傤B

  $ nslookup
  Default Server:  localhost
  Address:  127.0.0.1

  >

  ƕ\΁A܂Ă͂ł (Ƃł)B̕\
  oA蒼đSă`FbNłB named.conf ύXA
  ̂т ndc restart R}h named ċNKv܂B

  ł͖₢킹Ă݂܂傤BȂ̋߂ɂ}V̖O
  ݂܂傤B̋߂ (Oslo w) ɂ pat.uio.noƂ}V
  B

       > pat.uio.no
       Server:  localhost
       Address:  127.0.0.1

       Name:    pat.uio.no
       Address:  129.240.130.16

  nslookup ͂Ȃ̃}VœĂ named ɁA pat.uio.no T悤
  ˗܂B named  root.hints t@CɏĂl[T
  [öɐڑāA₢킹܂B /etc/resolv.conf ɏ
  hCSĂɂĒׂKv邩Ȃ̂ŁAʂ
  ܂łɏXԂ邱Ƃ܂B

  łx₢킹sƁÂ悤ȌʂɂȂł傤B

       > pat.uio.no
       Server:  localhost
       Address:  127.0.0.1

       Non-authoritative answer:
       Name:    pat.uio.no
       Address:  129.240.2.50

  x 'Non-authoritative answer:'Ƃs邱ƂɒڂĂ
  B̍s킩邱Ƃ́A named ̓lbg[NoRŒׂ̂
  ͂ȂȀ͂łɃLbVɓĂAƂƂłBł
  LbV̏͂ƌÂƂ邩܂BłA
   `Non-authorative answer:'Ƃʂɂ́A (ق̂킸ł) 
  邱ƂmĂĂBzXgɑ΂ 2 ₢킹
  āA nslookup xڂɂ̌ʂoꍇɂ́A named ͏
  LbVĂāA̃LbV삵Ă邱ƂɂȂ
  B `exit' R}h͂āA `nslookup' I܂傤B

  3.2.  Pɂ

  wp@ւ ISP (Internet Service Provider) Ȃǂ́AɑgDꂽ
  傫ȃlbg[Nł́Albg[ÑvB DNS T[oɁutH[
  _ (forwarder)vƌĂ΂Kw݂Ă邱Ƃ邩܂B
  ɂ͓̃lbg[NׂOɂT[oׂ̕ʂ
  ̂łB̂悤ȃlbg[N̈ꕔɂ̂ǂm̂͂
  قǊȒPł͂܂񂪁A͕ʂɋCɂKv͂܂Bނ
  ŒڂׂȂ̂́AڑĂvoC_ DNS T[outH
  [_vƂėpƁA₢킹̔𑬂łAlbg[Nւ̕
  ׂ邱ƂłƂ_łBfgĂꍇ́Ǎ
  ͂Ȃ傫łBŗƂāAg̃lbg[NvoC_ɂ
  p𐄏Ă̃l[T[oƂ܂Bꂼ IP ԍ
   10.0.0.1  10.1.0.1 Ƃ܂傤B̂悤ȏꍇɂ́A茳
  named.conf t@C̍ŏ̃ZNVA ``options'' ƂO
  镔Ɉȉ̍s}ĉB

  ______________________________________________________________________
             forward first;
             forwarders {
                  10.0.0.1;
                  10.1.0.1;
              };
  ______________________________________________________________________

  _CAAbv}Vɂ forwarders gƊgbN
  ܂B ``Q & A'' ̏͂ɏĂ܂B

  l[T[oċNāA nslookup ŃeXgĂB܂
  Ǝv܂B

  3.3.  ߂łƂ

  āA₠Ȃ̓LbV named ̐ݒ@m킯
  Br[ł~NłADȂ̂Ŋt܂傤B

  4.  P hC

  Ȃg̃hC̐ݒ@

  4.1.  ł܂ŏɑދȗ_

  ̃ZNVۂɎn߂OɁADNS ̓Ɋւ闝_XƁA
  ̓ЉĂ܂BƖɗ܂AГǂ݂܂傤B
  ǂ݂ȂĂAȂƂǂ݂炢͂ĂĂB
  named.conf t@C̐ݒɊւ镔܂ł痬ǂ݂̓Xgbv
  B

  DNS ͊KwIȃc[\̃VXełB̒_ `.' ƋLqA
  u[g (root)vƔ܂B '.' ̉ɂ͂ Top Level
  Domain (TLD) ܂B ORG, COM, EDU, NET ȂǂLłAɂ
  񂠂܂B؂̏ꍇƓ悤ɁÃc[\͍A}
  ꂵ܂BvZ@Ȋw̒mlɂ́A DNS ͌c[Ɍ
  傤B܂ɂ͐ߓ_ (node)A[_ (leaf node)A} (edge) 邱
  ƂĎł傤B

  }V̌sƂA₢킹̓gbvn܂Kwɑ΂čċAI
  ɍs܂BȂzXg prep.ai.mit.edu ̃AhX₢킹
  ƁAȂ̃hC̃l[T[óA܂ edu Sl[T[o
  Ȃ΂Ȃ܂B̂ƂȂ̃l[T[o . ̃T[o
  ɑ΂Ė₢킹s܂ (Ȃ̃l[T[o . T[oł
  mĂ܂Bꂪ root.hints t@C̖ł)B . ̃T[o
   edu ̃T[öꗗԂĂ܂B

       $ nslookup
       Default Server:  localhost
       Address:  127.0.0.1

  [gT[oɖ₢킹Ă݂܂傤B

       > server c.root-servers.net.
       Default Server:  c.root-servers.net
       Address:  192.33.4.12

  ₢킹̃^Cv (Query type)  NS (name server records) ɂ܂B

       > set q=ns

  edu ɕtĐq˂Ă݂܂傤B

       > edu.

  ōŌɂĂ '.' ɂ͏dvȈӖ܂Bɂ
  nslookup ɁAݖ₢킹sĂ edu  '.' ̒ɂ邱Ƃ
  `Ă̂ł (OŎw肵 search hC𖳎邱ƂɂȂA
  炩Ȃ܂)B

  edu     nameserver = A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
  edu     nameserver = H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
  edu     nameserver = B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
  edu     nameserver = C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
  edu     nameserver = D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
  edu     nameserver = E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
  edu     nameserver = I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
  edu     nameserver = F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
  edu     nameserver = G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
  A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET      internet address = 198.41.0.4
  H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET      internet address = 128.63.2.53
  B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET      internet address = 128.9.0.107
  C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET      internet address = 192.33.4.12
  D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET      internet address = 128.8.10.90
  E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET      internet address = 192.203.230.10
  I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET      internet address = 192.36.148.17
  F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET      internet address = 192.5.5.241
  G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET      internet address = 192.112.36.4

  ɂāA*.ROOT-SERVERS.NET ̊eT[o EDU.  T[rXĂ
  Ƃ킩̂ŁAꂩɖ₢킹ΗǂƂ킩܂B
  ̂܂܈ C ɐq˂邱Ƃɂ܂傤BāAɂ̓hC
  ̊Kw mit.edu.  ST[o𒲂ׂ܂:

       > mit.edu.
       Server:  c.root-servers.net
       Address:  192.33.4.12

       Non-authoritative answer:
       mit.edu nameserver = W20NS.mit.edu
       mit.edu nameserver = BITSY.mit.edu
       mit.edu nameserver = STRAWB.mit.edu

       Authoritative answers can be found from:
       W20NS.mit.edu   internet address = 18.70.0.160
       BITSY.mit.edu   internet address = 18.72.0.3
       STRAWB.mit.edu  internet address = 18.71.0.151

  strawb, w20ns, bitsy  mit ̃T[rXsĂ邱Ƃ킩܂B
  ̒IŁA̃x̃T[rX ai.mit.edu ɂ
  Ă̖₢킹s܂傤B

       > server W20NS.mit.edu.

  zXg͑啶łł֌WȂ̂łAŎ͉ʂJb
  gEAhEy[Xgs߁A̗ɂ͂̑啶E
  nslookup ̏o͌ʂƓɂȂĂ܂B

  Server:  W20NS.mit.edu
  Address:  18.70.0.160

  > ai.mit.edu.
  Server:  W20NS.mit.edu
  Address:  18.70.0.160

  Non-authoritative answer:
  ai.mit.edu      nameserver = ALPHA-BITS.AI.MIT.EDU
  ai.mit.edu      nameserver = GRAPE-NUTS.AI.MIT.EDU
  ai.mit.edu      nameserver = TRIX.AI.MIT.EDU
  ai.mit.edu      nameserver = MUESLI.AI.MIT.EDU
  ai.mit.edu      nameserver = LIFE.AI.MIT.EDU
  ai.mit.edu      nameserver = BEET-CHEX.AI.MIT.EDU
  ai.mit.edu      nameserver = MINI-WHEATS.AI.MIT.EDU
  ai.mit.edu      nameserver = COUNT-CHOCULA.AI.MIT.EDU
  ai.mit.edu      nameserver = MINTAKA.LCS.MIT.EDU

  Authoritative answers can be found from:
  AI.MIT.EDU      nameserver = ALPHA-BITS.AI.MIT.EDU
  AI.MIT.EDU      nameserver = GRAPE-NUTS.AI.MIT.EDU
  AI.MIT.EDU      nameserver = TRIX.AI.MIT.EDU
  AI.MIT.EDU      nameserver = MUESLI.AI.MIT.EDU
  AI.MIT.EDU      nameserver = LIFE.AI.MIT.EDU
  AI.MIT.EDU      nameserver = BEET-CHEX.AI.MIT.EDU
  AI.MIT.EDU      nameserver = MINI-WHEATS.AI.MIT.EDU
  AI.MIT.EDU      nameserver = COUNT-CHOCULA.AI.MIT.EDU
  AI.MIT.EDU      nameserver = MINTAKA.LCS.MIT.EDU
  ALPHA-BITS.AI.MIT.EDU   internet address = 128.52.32.5
  GRAPE-NUTS.AI.MIT.EDU   internet address = 128.52.36.4
  TRIX.AI.MIT.EDU internet address = 128.52.37.6
  MUESLI.AI.MIT.EDU       internet address = 128.52.39.7
  LIFE.AI.MIT.EDU internet address = 128.52.32.80
  BEET-CHEX.AI.MIT.EDU    internet address = 128.52.32.22
  MINI-WHEATS.AI.MIT.EDU  internet address = 128.52.54.11
  COUNT-CHOCULA.AI.MIT.EDU        internet address = 128.52.38.22
  MINTAKA.LCS.MIT.EDU     internet address = 18.26.0.36

  ȂقǁA muesli.ai.mit.edu  ai.mit.edu ̃l[T[öł
  Ƃ킩܂B

       > server MUESLI.AI.MIT.EDU
       Default Server:  MUESLI.AI.MIT.EDU
       Address:  128.52.39.7

  ŁA₢킹̃^CvύX܂Bl[T[o muesli
   prep.ai.mit.edu ɂĒmĂ邱ƂSĂ炤Ƃɂ
  傤B

  > set q=any
  > prep.ai.mit.edu.
  Server:  MUESLI.AI.MIT.EDU
  Address:  128.52.39.7

  prep.ai.mit.edu CPU = dec/decstation-5000.25    OS = unix
  prep.ai.mit.edu
          inet address = 18.159.0.42, protocol = tcp
            ftp  telnet  smtp  finger
  prep.ai.mit.edu preference = 1, mail exchanger = gnu-life.ai.mit.edu
  prep.ai.mit.edu internet address = 18.159.0.42
  ai.mit.edu      nameserver = beet-chex.ai.mit.edu
  ai.mit.edu      nameserver = alpha-bits.ai.mit.edu
  ai.mit.edu      nameserver = mini-wheats.ai.mit.edu
  ai.mit.edu      nameserver = trix.ai.mit.edu
  ai.mit.edu      nameserver = muesli.ai.mit.edu
  ai.mit.edu      nameserver = count-chocula.ai.mit.edu
  ai.mit.edu      nameserver = mintaka.lcs.mit.edu
  ai.mit.edu      nameserver = life.ai.mit.edu
  gnu-life.ai.mit.edu     internet address = 128.52.32.60
  beet-chex.ai.mit.edu    internet address = 128.52.32.22
  alpha-bits.ai.mit.edu   internet address = 128.52.32.5
  mini-wheats.ai.mit.edu  internet address = 128.52.54.11
  trix.ai.mit.edu internet address = 128.52.37.6
  muesli.ai.mit.edu       internet address = 128.52.39.7
  count-chocula.ai.mit.edu        internet address = 128.52.38.22
  mintaka.lcs.mit.edu     internet address = 18.26.0.36
  life.ai.mit.edu internet address = 128.52.32.80

  Ƃ킯ŁA . n߂āAhC̊KwȂeKwɂ
  l[T[oXƌĂƂł܂B瑼ɂT
  [ogɂȂ̎O DNS T[ogĂꍇɂ́A
  ̃T[o͂񒲂ׂSăLbVĂ܂A΂
  ̊Ԃ͑ւ̖₢킹sKv͂ȂȂ܂B

  c[Ƃ̃AiW[łƁAO ``.'' ͎}̃|CgɑΉ
  ܂B ``.'' ɋ܂ꂽ̓c[ł̂ꂼ̎}̖O
  Ȃ܂B

  ͗~O (prep.ai.mit.edu) 擾Ȃc[oĂ
  킯łB܂ŏɍ (.) AŎɓoׂ} (̏ꍇ
   edu) T܂BƂŁAÔ܂ł̕ɂ
  mĂT[oɐڑȂ܂ (܂u}ov܂)B
  edu ̎}̏ɂ mit ̎} (O mit.edu) TA
   mit.edu ̂ƂmĂT[oɐ؂ւ܂B̎} ai.mit.edu
  łƂsA܂T[o؂ւ܂BĂƂƂT
  [oA}|CgɓB킯łBŌ̕
  prep.ai.mit.edu 邱ƂłBȒPłˁBvZ@Ȋwł́A
  prep ̓̕c[ [_ (leaf) ƌĂԂ̂ʂłB

  ܂܂łقƂǐG܂łA炢ɏdvȃhCƂ
   in-addr.arpa ܂B́uʂ́vhĈ悤ɃlXg
  ܂B in-addr.arpa ɂāAAhX킩ĂꍇɃzXg
  邱Ƃł悤ɂȂ܂BŏdvȂ̂́A IP ԍ in-
  addr.arpa hCł͋tɋLq邱ƂłB}ṼAhX
  192.128.52.43 킩ĂꍇA named   prep.ai.mit.edu 
  Ɠ悤ɓ삵܂: ŏ arpa. ̃T[o܂B in-
  addr.arpa. ̃T[oA 192.in-addr.arpa. ̃T[oA 128.192.in-
  addr.arpa. ̃T[oA 52.128.192.in-addr.arpa. ̃T[o܂B
  ĕKv 43.52.128.192.in-addr.arpa. ɑΉ郌R[h
  BłH (łH) ԍ̋t]ɂ́A܂ŉN
  邩܂񂯂ǂˁB

  łƃE\܂B DNS ͍܂ŏĂʂŜ
  ܂ɓ삷킯ł͂܂Błقڂ̒ʂƎvĂĂ
  ܂B

  4.2.  ̃hC

  āÃhC`܂傤BhC linux.bogus A
  Ɏ̃}V`܂傤Bł͊Sɉˋ̃hC
  gāAԈĂO̐lɖfȂ悤ɂ܂傤B

  n߂Oɂ_BzXgɎg镶ɂ͐܂Bp̃A
  t@xbg a-zA 0-9A '-' (_bV) g܂B
  悤ɂĂB啶 DNS ł͋ʂ܂B
   pat.uio.no  Pat.UiO.No Ƃ͂܂悤ɉ߂܂B

  ͂̏͂ōŏɍsׂ͂łɋLqς݂łB named.conf ɂ͈
  ̂悤ȍs܂ˁB

  ______________________________________________________________________
  zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" {
  type master;
  file "pz/127.0.0";
  };
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ̃t@Cł̓hC̍Ō `.' tĂȂ_ɒӂĂ
  BL̓eAꂩ玄̓][ 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa 
  `邱ƁAĂ named ̃][̃}X^[T[oɂȂ邱ƁA
  ܂̓et@C 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa ɕۑ邱ƂȂǂ킩
  ܂B̃t@C͂łɐݒς݂ŁAȉ̂悤ȓê͂łB

  ______________________________________________________________________
  @               IN      SOA     ns.linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. (
                          1       ; Serial
                          8H      ; Refresh
                          2H      ; Retry
                          1W      ; Expire
                          1D)     ; Minimum TTL
                  NS      ns.linux.bogus.
  1                       PTR     localhost.
  ______________________________________________________________________

   named.conf ̏ꍇƂ͑ΏƓIɁÃt@Cłׂ͂ẴhC
  ̍Ō `.' 邱ƂɒӂĂB][t@C
  $ORIGIN ߂Jn邱ƂDސl悤łA͕sv
  B][t@C origin (̃][ DNS ̊Kw) 
  named.conf ̃][ZNVŎw肳܂B̏ꍇ 0.0.127.in-
  addr.arpa łB

  ́u][t@Cvɂ͎O́u\[XR[h (resource record:
  RR)v܂܂Ă܂B SOA RR, NS RR, PTR RR łB SOA  Start Of
  Authority ̏ȗłB `@' ͓ʂȋLŁA origin Ӗ܂B
  t@C `domain' J 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa łAŏ̍s
  ۂ̈Ӗ͈ȉƓɂȂ܂B

       0.0.127.in-addr.arpa.   IN      SOA ...

  NS  Name Server RR ̗łB̍s̐擪ɂ `@' ܂B
  ͈Öق̂ɂłɎw肳ꂽƂɂȂĂ܂BO̍s `@' ł
  ܂ĂłB^Cv̗ʂߖł܂ˁB NS 
  s͈ȉ̂悤ɂLqł邱ƂɂȂ܂B

       0.0.127.in-addr.arpa.   IN      NS      ns.linux.bogus

  ̍s DNS ɁAǂ̃}ṼhC 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa ̃l[
  T[oł邩܂B ns.linux.bogus Ƃ킯łˁB `ns' 
  ̂̓l[T[oɗǂp閼OłA web T[o
  www.something ƂOt̂Ǝ悤ȎłBۂ
  ͂ǂȖOpĂ܂܂B

  ŌɁA PTR R[h́ÃTulbg 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa ̃Ah
  X 1 ɂzXgAȂ킿 127.0.0.1  localhost ƂOł邱
  ƂĂ܂B

  SOA R[h͂ǂȃ][t@Cł擪ɒu܂B܂e][
  t@Cɂ܂B̃R[h̓][̐łBǂ瓾
  ̂ (linux.bogusƂ}V)AeɊւӔC҂͒N
  (hostmaster@linux.bogus: ɂ͂Ȃ̓dq[AhX
  傤)A][t@C̃o[W͂ (serial: 1)Ȃ
  LbVZJ_ DNS T[oȂǂɊ֘AeȂǂ܂Bc
  ̃tB[h refresh, retry, expire, minimum ɂẮA
  HOWTO ̒l̂܂܎gΓɖȂł傤B

  āA named ċN (R}h ndc restart ł)A
  nslookup R}hgč܂ł̐ݒ̊mFs܂傤B

       $ nslookup

       Default Server:  localhost
       Address:  127.0.0.1

       > 127.0.0.1
       Server:  localhost
       Address:  127.0.0.1

       Name:    localhost
       Address:  127.0.0.1

  ȂƂ 127.0.0.1  localhost ܂BłˁBł
  Ĉdł linux.bogus hĈ߂ɁA named.conf ɐV
   `zone' ZNV܂傤B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  zone "linux.bogus" {
  notify no;
  type master;
  file "pz/linux.bogus";
  };
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ł named.conf t@CɋLqhC̍Ōɂ `.' t
  ĂȂƂɒځB

  linux.bogus ][t@Cɂ́A܂ˋ̃f[^uƂɂ
  傤B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  ;
  ; Zone file for linux.bogus
  ;
  ; The full zone file
  ;
  @       IN      SOA     ns.linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. (
                  199802151       ; serial, todays date + todays serial #
                  8H              ; refresh, seconds
                  2H              ; retry, seconds
                  1W              ; expire, seconds
                  1D )            ; minimum, seconds
  ;
          NS      ns              ; Inet Address of name server
          MX      10 mail.linux.bogus     ; Primary Mail Exchanger
          MX      20 mail.friend.bogus.   ; Secondary Mail Exchanger
  ;
  localhost       A       127.0.0.1
  ns              A       192.168.196.2
  mail            A       192.168.196.4
  ______________________________________________________________________

  SOA R[hɂĂ͓̓_ɒӂKv܂B
  ns.linux.bogus  A R[hۂ̃}VłȂ΂Ȃ܂B
  CNAME R[h̃}V SOA R[h̃}VƂċLq邱Ƃ͋
  Ă܂BO `ns' łȂĂAzXgł΂܂܂
  B hostmaster.linux.bogus  hostmaster@linux.bogus Ɠǂݑւ
  B̓[GCAX[{bNXŁA DNS e
  iXĂlpɂɃ`FbNĂƂłȂ΂Ȃ܂B
  ̃hCɊւ郁[́AŋLqꂽAhXɑ邱ƂɂȂ
  ܂BO `hostmaster' łȂȂ e-mail AhXł܂
  Bł `hostmaster' ł񂿂Ɠ͂łB

  ̃t@Cɂ͐V^Cv RR ܂B MX (Mail eXchanger) RR
  łB̓[VXeɑ΂ someone@linux.bogus [̑
  `̂ŁA mail.linux.bogus ܂ mail.friend.bogus 
  Ȃ܂B}V̖ȎOɏꂽl MX RR ̗Dx܂B
  Œ̐l (10) zXgɑ΂ėDIɃ[܂B̔z
  ɎsƁA傫ȐlzXgɔzs܂BȂ킿
  ł͗Dx 20  mail.friend.bogus łB

  ndc restart s named ċN܂傤B܂ł̐ݒ
  nslookup ŊmF܂傤B

       $ nslookup
       > set q=any
       > linux.bogus
       Server:  localhost
       Address:  127.0.0.1

       linux.bogus
       origin = ns.linux.bogus
       mail addr = hostmaster.linux.bogus
       serial = 199802151
       refresh = 28800 (8 hours)
       retry   = 7200 (2 hours)
       expire  = 604800 (7 days)
       minimum ttl = 86400 (1 day)
       linux.bogus     nameserver = ns.linux.bogus
       linux.bogus     preference = 10, mail exchanger = mail.linux.bogus.linux.bogus
       linux.bogus     preference = 20, mail exchanger = mail.friend.bogus
       linux.bogus     nameserver = ns.linux.bogus
       ns.linux.bogus  internet address = 192.168.196.2
       mail.linux.bogus        internet address = 192.168.196.4

  悭ƁAoO邱Ƃ킩Ǝv܂B

       linux.bogus     preference = 10, mail exchanger = mail.linux.bogus.linux.bogus

  Ƃ̂͂łˁB́A

       linux.bogus     preference = 10, mail exchanger = mail.linux.bogus

  łȂ΂Ȃ܂B

  ǎ҂̊wKʂ𗶂 :-)AŎ͂킴ƊԈႦ܂B][t@C
  ƁAȉ̍s

               MX      10 mail.linux.bogus     ; Primary Mail Exchanger

  ɂ̓sIhȂƂ킩܂B邢͗]v 'linux.bogus' 
  Ă܂ĂAƂ܂B][t@CɏꂽzXg̍Ō
  ɃsIhȂꍇɂ́A origin Ōɉ܂B܂
  linux.bogus.linux.bogus ƓdɂȂĂ܂̂łBłA

  ______________________________________________________________________
          MX      10 mail.linux.bogus.    ; Primary Mail Exchanger
  ______________________________________________________________________

  Ƃ邩A

  ______________________________________________________________________
          MX      10 mail                 ; Primary Mail Exchanger
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ƂׂłB͌҂DłB^CvʂȂłˁB bind
  ̐Ƃɂ͂̏ɔ΂l܂ (^l܂)B][
  t@Cł́AhC͑Sď `.' ŏI邩ASȂ
  ǂ炩ɂ܂B҂ł̓ftHg origin t܂B

  Ă܂B named.conf t@Cł́AhČ `.' t
  Ă͂܂B `.' 菭Ȃ肵ŁAǂꂾ
  ̕lXAƂȂɂ͑zȂł傤B

  ƌƂŁA̓_ĐVȃ][t@C܂傤BX
  VĂ܂Aȉ̂悤ɂȂ܂B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  ;
  ; Zone file for linux.bogus
  ;
  ; The full zone file
  ;
  @       IN      SOA     ns.linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. (
                  199802151       ; serial, todays date + todays serial #
                  8H              ; refresh, seconds
                  2H              ; retry, seconds
                  1W              ; expire, seconds
                  1D )            ; minimum, seconds
  ;
          TXT     "Linux.Bogus, your DNS consultants"
          NS      ns              ; Inet Address of name server
          NS      ns.friend.bogus.
          MX      10 mail         ; Primary Mail Exchanger
          MX      20 mail.friend.bogus. ; Secondary Mail Exchanger

  localhost       A       127.0.0.1

  gw              A       192.168.196.1
          HINFO   "Cisco" "IOS"
          TXT     "The router"

  ns              A       192.168.196.2
          MX      10 mail
          MX      20 mail.friend.bogus.
          HINFO   "Pentium" "Linux 2.0"
  www             CNAME   ns

  donald          A       192.168.196.3
          MX      10 mail
          MX      20 mail.friend.bogus.
          HINFO   "i486"      "Linux 2.0"
          TXT     "DEK"

  mail            A       192.168.196.4
          MX      10 mail
          MX      20 mail.friend.bogus.
          HINFO   "386sx" "Linux 1.2"

  ftp             A       192.168.196.5
          MX      10 mail
          MX      20 mail.friend.bogus.
          HINFO   "P6" "Linux 2.1.86"
  ______________________________________________________________________

  łV\[XR[hoꂵ܂B HINFO (Host
  INFOmation) ɂ͓̃f[^t܂Bꂼ "" ŊĂ
  ǂKłBŏ̃f[^̓}Ṽn[hEFA CPU A
  ڂ̃f[^̓\tgEFA OS ܂B `ns' ƂÕzXg
  Pentium CPU 𓋍ڂA Linux 2.0 Ă܂B CNAME (Canonical
  NAME) ͈̃}Vɕ̖OtłB www  ns ̕ʖ
  ɂȂ܂B

  CNAME R[h̗pɂẮAc_̗]n܂Błȉ̃
  [ĂΑvł傤B MX, CNAME, SOA ̊eR[hł
  CNAME R[hQƂĂ͂܂B A R[hQƂ
  ׂȂ̂łB

  ______________________________________________________________________
  foobar          CNAME   www                     ; NO!
  ______________________________________________________________________

  Ƃwׂ͂ł͂ȂA

  ______________________________________________________________________
  foobar          CNAME   ns                      ; Yes!
  ______________________________________________________________________

  Ƃw肪̂ƂȂ܂B

  ܂ CNAME ̓[AhXƂĐ̂ł͂ȂƎvĂ
  SłB܂L̐ݒł webmaster@www.linux.bogus ͕sȂ̂
  ̂łBȂ̂Ƃł͂܂܂񂪁Ã[
  ׂƎ咣郁[Ǘ҂͂Ȃ肽񂢂̂łB
  ͂ A R[h (邢 MX Ȃǂłł傤) p邱
  łB

  ______________________________________________________________________
  www             A       192.168.196.2
  ______________________________________________________________________

  bind ̏㋉ptB̒ɂ́A CNAME ͂ǂȏꍇɂpׂł͂Ȃ
  ƌĂl܂BłRɊւc_͂ HOWTO 
  ͈͂zĂ܂B

  ł̒ʂA HOWTO ⑽̃TCgł́Ã[͎
  ܂B

  ndc reload sĐVf[^x[X[h܂傤B
  named t@Cǂݍݒ܂B

       $ nslookup
       Default Server:  localhost
       Address:  127.0.0.1

       > ls -d linux.bogus

  ̓R[hׂĕ\AƂӖłBʂ͈ȉ̂悤ɂȂ
  ł傤B

  [localhost]
  $ORIGIN linux.bogus.
  @                       1D IN SOA       ns hostmaster (
                                  199802151       ; serial
                                  8H              ; refresh
                                  2H              ; retry
                                  1W              ; expiry
                                  1D )            ; minimum

                  1D IN NS        ns
                  1D IN NS        ns.friend.bogus.
                  1D IN TXT       "Linux.Bogus, your DNS consultants"
                  1D IN MX        10 mail
                  1D IN MX        20 mail.friend.bogus.
  gw                      1D IN A         192.168.196.1
                  1D IN HINFO     "Cisco" "IOS"
                  1D IN TXT       "The router"
  mail                    1D IN A         192.168.196.4
                  1D IN MX        10 mail
                  1D IN MX        20 mail.friend.bogus.
                  1D IN HINFO     "386sx" "Linux 1.0.9"
  localhost               1D IN A         127.0.0.1
  www                     1D IN CNAME     ns
  donald                  1D IN A         192.168.196.3
                  1D IN MX        10 mail
                  1D IN MX        20 mail.friend.bogus.
                  1D IN HINFO     "i486" "Linux 1.2"
                  1D IN TXT       "DEK"
  ftp                     1D IN A         192.168.196.5
                  1D IN MX        10 mail
                  1D IN MX        20 mail.friend.bogus.
                  1D IN HINFO     "P6" "Linux 1.3.59"
  ns                      1D IN A         192.168.196.2
                  1D IN MX        10 mail
                  1D IN MX        20 mail.friend.bogus.
                  1D IN HINFO     "Pentium" "Linux 1.2"

  ܂Ă܂ˁB̒ʂA][t@Ĉ̂ƂƂĂĂ
  ܂B www ɂĂׂĂ݂܂傤B

       > set q=any
       > www.linux.bogus.
       Server:  localhost
       Address:  127.0.0.1

       www.linux.bogus canonical name = ns.linux.bogus
       linux.bogus     nameserver = ns.linux.bogus
       linux.bogus     nameserver = ns.friend.bogus
       ns.linux.bogus  internet address = 192.168.196.2

  ܂ www.linux.bogus ̖{̖O ns.linux.bogus Ȃ킯łB
   named  ns ɂĎĂĂĂ܂BȂv
  OȂȀŐڑł͂łB

  āA܂łŔƂɂȂ܂B

  4.3.  t][

  vÓA linux.bogus ɂ閼OۂɐڑׂAhX
  ϊ邱Ƃł悤ɂȂ킯łBłt̃][Kv
  B DNS ŃAhX𖼑Oɕϊł悤ɂ邽߂̂̂łB
  ̖O͂܂܂Ȏނ̂̃T[o (FTP, IRC, WWW ȂǂȂ) 
  āAȂƂ̒ʐMF߂邩A܂F߂ꍇAǂ̒x̗D搫t
  ^邩Ȃǂ̔fɗp܂BC^[lbgɂT[rXׂĂ
  ANZX邽߂ɂ́At̃][KvɂȂ܂B

  ȉ named.conf ɋLqĂB

  ______________________________________________________________________
  zone "196.168.192.in-addr.arpa" {
  notify no;
  type master;
  file "pz/192.168.196";
  };
  ______________________________________________________________________

   0.0.127.in-addr.arpa Ƃ܂łBt@C̒g
  ɂȂ܂B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  @       IN      SOA     ns.linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. (
                  199802151 ; Serial, todays date + todays serial
                  8H      ; Refresh
                  2H      ; Retry
                  1W      ; Expire
                  1D)     ; Minimum TTL
          NS      ns.linux.bogus.

  1               PTR     gw.linux.bogus.
  2               PTR     ns.linux.bogus.
  3               PTR     donald.linux.bogus.
  4               PTR     mail.linux.bogus.
  5               PTR     ftp.linux.bogus.
  ______________________________________________________________________

   named ċN (ndc restart) āAĂ nslookup ŒׂĂ݂
  傤B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  > 192.168.196.4
  Server:  localhost
  Address:  127.0.0.1

  Name:    mail.linux.bogus
  Address:  192.168.196.4
  ______________________________________________________________________

  AǂłˁBŜ_vĒׂĂ݂܂傤B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  > ls -d 196.168.192.in-addr.arpa
  [localhost]
  $ORIGIN 196.168.192.in-addr.arpa.
  @                       1D IN SOA       ns.linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. (
                                  199802151       ; serial
                                  8H              ; refresh
                                  2H              ; retry
                                  1W              ; expiry
                                  1D )            ; minimum

                  1D IN NS        ns.linux.bogus.
  1                       1D IN PTR       gw.linux.bogus.
  2                       1D IN PTR       ns.linux.bogus.
  3                       1D IN PTR       donald.linux.bogus.
  4                       1D IN PTR       mail.linux.bogus.
  5                       1D IN PTR       ftp.linux.bogus.
  @                       1D IN SOA       ns.linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. (
                                  199802151       ; serial
                                  8H              ; refresh
                                  2H              ; retry
                                  1W              ; expiry
                                  1D )            ; minimum
  ______________________________________________________________________

  悳łˁÎ悤ȏo͂ɂȂȂꍇ́A syslog ɃG[
  bZ[WoĂȂĂ݂܂傤B͂̏͂̈ԍŏŐ
  ܂ˁB

  4.4.  C邱

  łtĂƂ܂BLŗp IP ԍ
  'private net' ̂̈̃ubNĂ̂łB܂肱
   IP ԍ̓C^[lbgŃpubNɗp邱Ƃ͂ł܂Bł
  炱 HOWTO ŗƂĕ\ĂSȂ킯łB̓_ notify no;
  ̍słB named ɑ΂āAu][t@ĈǂꂩXV
  AZJ_ (X[u) T[oɓ`ȂvƂw邱
  ɂȂ܂B bind-8  named ́A][t@C NS R[hɃXg
  Ă鑼̃T[oɁA][̍XVm点邱Ƃł܂B͒
  ͕֗ȋ@\łAvCx[gȎł͂̋@\ off ɂĂ
  ܂傤B̎ɂăC^[lbgɖf͂Ȃł
  H

  ĂÃhC͉ˋ̂Ȃ̂ŁAgĂA
  hXˋ̂̂łB̐EŗpĂ{̗́A
  ̏͂ĉB

  4.5.  Ȃt삵Ȃ̂

  ÕVXeɂ́AƂuł̈v
  Bʏ킱炪\ɏoĂ邱Ƃ͂܂񂪁At][̐ݒł
  ǂڂɂ邱Ƃ܂Bȍ~ǂݐi߂Oɂ́AȂ
  ̃}VuȂ̃l[T[ovtł邱ƂmFĂ
  BłȂꍇ͖߂Ă蒼ĂɂĂB

  ł́AtOlbg[N猩ꍇɐ₷̖_
  ɂċc_܂B

  4.5.1.  t][㗝Ȃ

  T[rXvoC_lbg[NAhXԂƃhCl[炤
  Ƃɂ́Aʏ킻̃hCl[͑㗝 (delegation) ܂B㗝Ƃ
  n̖ڂ NS R[ĥƂŁAl[T[oʂ̃l[
  T[o擾Ƃɗp܂B ``ދȗ_'' ̐߂Ő܂
  Bǂł܂AˁHt][삵ĂȂꍇ́A߂
  ǂނƁB

  t][ɂ㗝KvłBႦ 192.168.196 ̃lbg[N
  linux.bogus hCƈꏏɃvoC_ƂAvoC_
  ɂ NS R[h𐳈][łȂt][ɂĂ炤K
  v܂B in-addr.arpa 炠Ȃ̃lbg[N܂ł̌qH
  ĂƁA炭ǂō̗ւ؂Ă邱Ƃł傤Bڑ
  T[rXvoC_ŁBu؂ĂցvtAT[rXv
  oC_ɘAăG[CĂ炢܂傤B

  4.5.2.  NXX (classless) ̃Tulbgꍇ

  ͂⍂xȘbɂȂ܂BNXX̃Tulbg͍ŋߔ
  ɗǂg悤ɂȂĂ̂ŁAK͈ȏ̉ЂɏĂȂl
  ͂炭g߂ɂł傤B

  ŋ߂̃C^[lbgȂƂێłĂ̂́A̓NXXTu
  lbĝȂ̂łBNO IP ԍ̌͊ɂĂƂ
  ɂȂƂ܂B̎ IETF (Internet Engineering Task
  Force: C^[lbgƓĂ͔̂ނ̂Ȃ̂ł) 
  ĺAނ̓]W߂Ă̖̂łB
  ̑ΉāB̑ΉƂ́A``C'' ̃TulbggȂ΂Ȃ
  ȂƁAē삵ȂȂ̂oĂ邱ƁAłB̂Ɋ
  ƁÄɊւẮA Ask Mr. DNS
  <http://www.acmebw.com/askmrdns/00007.htm> ɂDꂽĂ
  B

  ǂ݂܂Hł͐܂񂩂AƓǂłˁB

  ̖̔́Aڑ ISP  Mr. DNS ɏĂeNjbN
  ĂȂ΂ȂȂAƂƂɂ܂B ISP ł́A
  m炸ɓĂƂł傤B̏ꍇ́AȂނ
  ɂ܂񋭂ĂȂ΂܂BɁA܂Ȃ
  Ƃ܂ ;-) ĂꂽAƂƂt][
  ݒ肵Ăł傤B nslookup gĐǂm߂܂
  B

  ̎c蔼́AȂeNjbN𗝉Ȃ΂ȂȂAƂ
  łBMȂ΁Axǂ݂ɂ܂傤B Mr. DNS
  ̐ɂāÃNXXt][ݒ肵܂傤B

  ͂ɂ͂gbv҂\Ă܂BÂ]óAO
  ̃`F[̒ɒuꂽ CNAME gbN̕ǂ邱Ƃł
  AȂ̃}V̋tɎsĂ܂Ƃ܂B̌ʁA
  ̃]o͐ȂANZXNXԂAANZXۂA
  ƂɂȂ悤ȂƂɂȂ܂B̖ɈĂ܂A
  (̒m邩ł) ڑ ISP ɗނ܂BgbNg
  NXX][t@CɁA CNAME ̑ɂȂ PTR R[h
  ڏł炤ƂɂȂ܂B

  ISP ɂĂ͕ʂ̉@񋟂Ă邱Ƃ܂BƂ Web x[
  X form ɂċt̃}bv͂ł悤ɂȂĂƂA
  悤ȑS^o^VXeȂǂłB

  5.  ۂ̃hC̗

  ۂɗpĂ][t@C̗

  `[gA̗ႾłȂۂɓ삵Ăڂė~AƂ
  ӌ̂ŁȀ݂͂܂B

  ̗ LAND-5  David Bullock ̋̉ɗpĂ܂B
  t@ĆA 1996 N 9  24 ݂̂̂A bind 8 ̐Ɗg
  ɂ킹ĕҏŴłBĂł̋Lq́Aۂ LAND-5 
  l[T[oɖ₢킹sʂƂ͑قȂ܂B

  5.1.  /etc/named.conf (܂ /var/named/named.conf)

  }X^[][ZNVƂāAK{̋t][Ă
  B 127.0.0 ̃lbg LAND-5 ̃Tulbgł 206.6.177 łB
  LAND-5 ̐][ł land-5.com vC}ƂĎw肳Ă
  ܂B][t@C͖{ HOWTO ̂܂ł̗ŗpĂ pz ł͂
  A zone ƂfBNgɎ߂Ă邱ƂɂӂĂB

  ______________________________________________________________________
  // Boot file for LAND-5 name server

  options {
          directory "/var/named";
  };

  zone "." {
          type hint;
          file "root.hints";
  };

  zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" {
          type master;
          file "zone/127.0.0";
  };

  zone "land-5.com" {
          type master;
          file "zone/land-5.com";
  };

  zone "177.6.206.in-addr.arpa" {
          type master;
          file "zone/206.6.177";
  };
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ̃t@CȂ named.conf t@CɗpƂɂ́AK
  ``notify no;''  land-5 ̓ zone ZNVɒǉāÂN
  Ȃ悤ɂĂB

  5.2.  /var/named/root.hints

  ̃t@C͓Iɕω̂łÃXg͌ÂłB dig
  gĐV̂g܂傤B͎̃ZNVŐ
  Ă܂B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  ; <<>> DiG 8.1 <<>> @A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
  ; (1 server found)
  ;; res options: init recurs defnam dnsrch
  ;; got answer:
  ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 10
  ;; flags: qr aa rd; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 13, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 13
  ;; QUERY SECTION:
  ;;      ., type = NS, class = IN

  ;; ANSWER SECTION:
  .                     6D IN NS        G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
  .                     6D IN NS        J.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
  .                     6D IN NS        K.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
  .                     6D IN NS        L.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
  .                     6D IN NS        M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
  .                     6D IN NS        A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
  .                     6D IN NS        H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
  .                     6D IN NS        B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
  .                     6D IN NS        C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
  .                     6D IN NS        D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
  .                     6D IN NS        E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
  .                     6D IN NS        I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
  .                     6D IN NS        F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

  ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
  G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    192.112.36.4
  J.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    198.41.0.10
  K.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    193.0.14.129
  L.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    198.32.64.12
  M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    202.12.27.33
  A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    198.41.0.4
  H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    128.63.2.53
  B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    128.9.0.107
  C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    192.33.4.12
  D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    128.8.10.90
  E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    192.203.230.10
  I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    192.36.148.17
  F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    192.5.5.241

  ;; Total query time: 215 msec
  ;; FROM: roke.uio.no to SERVER: A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.  198.41.0.4
  ;; WHEN: Sun Feb 15 01:22:51 1998
  ;; MSG SIZE  sent: 17  rcvd: 436
  ______________________________________________________________________

  5.3.  /var/named/zone/127.0.0

  ɃVvȂ̂łB܂΂ɕKv SOA R[hA
  127.0.0.1  localhost Ƀ}bv郌R[hłB͗ƂK{
  łBtɂȏ̂̂͒uׂł͂܂B̃t@ĆAg
  Ăl[T[o hostmaster ̃[AhXύXȂAX
  VKv͂炭Ȃł傤B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  @               IN      SOA     land-5.com. root.land-5.com. (
                                  199609203       ; Serial
                                  28800   ; Refresh
                                  7200    ; Retry
                                  604800  ; Expire
                                  86400)  ; Minimum TTL
                          NS      land-5.com.

  1                       PTR     localhost.
  ______________________________________________________________________

  5.4.  /var/named/zone/land-5.com

  ܂K{ł SOA R[hƁAK{ NS R[h܂BZ
  J_̃l[T[o ns2.psi.net ɗpӂĂ邱Ƃ킩܂
  ˁB͖]܂ݒłBKTCg̊OɃobNAbṽZJ_l
  [T[ouׂłB}X^[̃zXg land-5 ŁÃzXg͓
  ɊẽC^[lbgT[rX񋟂Ă邱Ƃ킩܂B
   CNAME (A R[hłȂ) pĂ܂B

  SOA R[h킩悤ɁÃ][t@C land-5.com 
  origin ɂĂAAS҂ root@land-5.com łB hostmaster S
  ҂̃AhXƂėǂp܂BVAԍ yyyymmdd `ŁA
  ̓̂̃VAԍǉĂ܂B͂ 1996 N 9
   20 ̑ 6 łȂ̂ł傤BVAԍ͕KȂ΂Ȃ
  ƂvoĂBɂ͓̃VAԍƂĈꌅ
  gƂł܂B 9 ύXsA̕ύXs
  ͗܂ő҂Ȃ΂Ȃ܂B񌅎gǂ܂ˁB

  ______________________________________________________________________
  @       IN      SOA     land-5.com. root.land-5.com. (
                          199609206       ; serial, todays date + todays serial #
                          8H              ; refresh, seconds
                          2H              ; retry, seconds
                          1W              ; expire, seconds
                          1D )            ; minimum, seconds
                  NS      land-5.com.
                  NS      ns2.psi.net.
                  MX      10 land-5.com.  ; Primary Mail Exchanger
                  TXT     "LAND-5 Corporation"

  localhost       A       127.0.0.1

  router          A       206.6.177.1

  land-5.com.     A       206.6.177.2
  ns              A       206.6.177.3
  www             A       207.159.141.192

  ftp             CNAME   land-5.com.
  mail            CNAME   land-5.com.
  news            CNAME   land-5.com.

  funn            A       206.6.177.2

  ;
  ;       Workstations
  ;
  ws-177200       A       206.6.177.200
                  MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
  ws-177201       A       206.6.177.201
                  MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
  ws-177202       A       206.6.177.202
                  MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
  ws-177203       A       206.6.177.203
                  MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
  ws-177204       A       206.6.177.204
                  MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
  ws-177205       A       206.6.177.205
                  MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
  ; {Many repetitive definitions deleted - SNIP}
  ws-177250       A       206.6.177.250
                  MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
  ws-177251       A       206.6.177.251
                  MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
  ws-177252       A       206.6.177.252
                  MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
  ws-177253       A       206.6.177.253
                  MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
  ws-177254       A       206.6.177.254
                  MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
  ______________________________________________________________________

  land-5 ̃l[T[oĂ݂΂킩܂A{̃zXg
  ws_number ƂȂĂ܂Bŋ߂̔ł bind 4  named ł́AzXg
  p邱Ƃ̂ł镶悤ɂȂ܂BĂ̖O
   bind-8 ł͐΂ɓ삵܂񂩂A HOWTO Ɍfڂۂɂ '_'
  (underline)  '-' (dash) Œu܂B

  C܂He[NXe[Vɂ͌ŕʂ̖O͕tĂ
  炸AvtBbNX IP ԍ̍Ō̓t`ɂȂĂ܂B
  ̂悤Ȗ@p΃eiX͂ƂĂyɂȂ܂Al
  ԂƂ͈̑̂ŁAڋqCC錋ʂɂȂĂ܂
  B

  funn.land-5.com  land-5.com ̃GCAXɂȂĂ܂A
  CNAME R[hł͂Ȃ A R[hpĂ܂Bɏqׂ悤ɁA
  ͗ǂjłB

  5.5.  /var/named/zone/206.6.177

  ̃t@CɂĂ͌ŃRg܂B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  @               IN      SOA     land-5.com. root.land-5.com. (
                                  199609206       ; Serial
                                  28800   ; Refresh
                                  7200    ; Retry
                                  604800  ; Expire
                                  86400)  ; Minimum TTL
                          NS      land-5.com.
                          NS      ns2.psi.net.
  ;
  ;       Servers
  ;
  1       PTR     router.land-5.com.
  2       PTR     land-5.com.
  2       PTR     funn.land-5.com.
  ;
  ;       Workstations
  ;
  200     PTR     ws-177200.land-5.com.
  201     PTR     ws-177201.land-5.com.
  202     PTR     ws-177202.land-5.com.
  203     PTR     ws-177203.land-5.com.
  204     PTR     ws-177204.land-5.com.
  205     PTR     ws-177205.land-5.com.
  ; {Many repetitive definitions deleted - SNIP}
  250     PTR     ws-177250.land-5.com.
  251     PTR     ws-177251.land-5.com.
  252     PTR     ws-177252.land-5.com.
  253     PTR     ws-177253.land-5.com.
  254     PTR     ws-177254.land-5.com.
  ______________________________________________________________________

  t̃][́Aݒ̒ł̔ߌNƌ܂B
  ̓}V IP ԍ킩ĂꍇɁAzXg擾邽߂ɗp
  ܂BႦ΁AȂĂĂ IRC T[o IRC NCAg
  ڑꂽƂ܂傤BȂ IRC T[oł̓mEF[ꂪg
  Ă̂ŁAmEF[Ƒ̃XJWirA̍XȊO̐ڑ͂
  ȂƂ܂BNCAgڑƁA C Cuɂ
  ĐڑĂ}V IP ԍm邱Ƃł܂BȂȂNCA
  g IP ԍ́Albg[N^΂Ă IP pPbĝꂼɏ
  ܂Ă邩łB gethostbyaddr Ƃ֐Ăׂ΁A IP 
  zXg̖OƂł܂B gethostbyaddr  DNS T[o
  qˁA DNS T[o DNS 炻̃}VT܂BڑĂNCA
  g ws-177200.land-5.com ƂĂ݂܂傤B C Cu
  IRC T[oɓn IP ԍ 206.6.177.200 ƂȂ܂BĖO
  ߂ɂ 200.177.6.206.in-addr.arpa Kv܂B DNS
  T[o͂܂ arpa. ̃T[oɖ₢킹A in-addr.arpa. ̃T[o
  Ă炢܂B 206, 6 tɒHāAŌ Land-5 ̃][
  ł 177.6.206.in-addr.arpa ][𔭌܂BŌɃT[óA
   200.177.6.206.in-addr.arpa ɑ΂铚肵܂B ``PTR
  ws-177200.land-5.com'' R[hA 206.6.177.200 
  ws-177200.land-5.com ł邱Ƃ킩܂BȂȏ̐ɂ́A
  prep.ai.mit.edu ̖O̕Ɠ悤ɏXtBNVĂ
  ܂B

  IRC T[o̗ɖ߂܂傤B IRC T[o̓XJWirA̍XA
  ܂ *.no, *.se, *.dk 炵ڑ󂯕t܂B
  ws-177200.land-5.com ͖炩Ɉȏ̂ǂɂ}b`܂񂩂AT[
  o͐ڑۂ܂B 206.2.177.200 ɑ΂t}bv
  in-addr.arpa ][ɑ݂Ȃ΁AT[o͌ĖO邱
  ł܂񂩂A 206.2.177.200 ̂̂ *.no, *.se, *.dk Ɣr
  ܂B}b`킯܂B

  t}bvdvȂ̂̓T[oAƂlAt}bv
  ȂđSR厖Ȃ񂾁AȂĂl邩܂B͊
  ႢłB ftp, news, IRC T[oł͋t̂łȂ}V
  ڑۂ܂ (WWW T[oɂۂ̂܂)Bł}
  V̋t}bv͎̂Ƃ͕K{Ȃ̂łB

  6.  eiX

  ێ邽߂

  named ɂ́A点ȊOɂێƂ܂B root.hints
  t@CŐV̏ԂɕۂƂłBԊȒPȂ̂ dig g
  B܂Ȃ dig 𓮂ƁA݃T[oŎgĂ root.hints
  ̓e\܂BɃXgĂ郋[gT[ôꂩɑ΂
   dig @rootserver ̂悤ɖ₢킹s܂Bo͌ʂ root.hints
  ̓eɂƂĂĂ邱Ƃł傤B̌ʂ dig @e.root-
  servers.net . ns > root.cache.new ̂悤ɕۑāAÂ root.hints 
  u܂B

  LbVt@Cւɂ named ̍ĎsYȂB

  Al Longyear XNvg𑗂Ă܂BI root.hints XV
  Ă̂łBɈxN crontab ̃GgCX
  g[΁A͑S܂łBXNvgł́A[Ɠ
  삵ĂāA[GCAXƂ `hostmaster' `Ă邱Ƃ
  OƂĂ܂BȂ̐ݒɂ킹ănbNKv܂B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  #!/bin/sh
  #
  # Update the nameserver cache information file once per month.
  # This is run automatically by a cron entry.
  #
  # Original by Al Longyear
  # Updated for bind 8 by Nicolai Langfeldt
  # Miscelanious error-conditions reported by David A. Ranch
  # Ping test suggested by Martin Foster
  #
  (
   echo "To: hostmaster <hostmaster>"
   echo "From: system <root>"
   echo "Subject: Automatic update of the root.hints file"
   echo

   PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin:
   export PATH
   cd /var/named

   # Are we online?  Ping a server at your ISP
   case `ping -qnc 1 some.machine.net` in
     *'100% packet loss'*)
          echo "The network is DOWN. root.hints NOT updated"
          echo
          exit 0
          ;;
   esac

   dig @e.root-servers.net . ns >root.hints.new 2>&1

   case `cat root.hints.new` in
     *NOERROR*)
          # It worked
          :;;
     *)
          echo "The root.hints file update has FAILED."
          echo "This is the dig output reported:"
          echo
          cat root.hints.new
          exit 0
          ;;
   esac

   echo "The root.hints file has been updated to contain the following
  information:"
   echo
   cat root.hints.new

   chown root.root root.hints.new
   chmod 444 root.hints.new
   rm -f root.hints.old
   mv root.hints root.hints.old
   mv root.hints.new root.hints
   ndc restart
   echo
   echo "The nameserver has been restarted to ensure that the update is complete."
   echo "The previous root.hints file is now called
  /var/named/root.hints.old."
  ) 2>&1 | /usr/lib/sendmail -t
  exit 0
  ______________________________________________________________________

  root.hints  Internic  ftp łłAƌƂłɂ
  ̕邩܂Bł root.hints ̍XV ftp ͎gȂ
  悤ɂĂBL̕@̂قAƁulbg ( Internic)
  ɗDv̂łB

  7.  o[W 4 o[W 8 ɍXV

  ̏͂͂Ƃ David E. Smith (dave@bureau42.ml.org) A bind
  8 ̗pɊւ͂łBV̖͂OɑΉ悤ɁAXҏW
  B

  ͂܂肽Ƃ͂܂B named.boot ̑ named.conf
  p邱Ƃ΁AׂĂ܂łB bind8 ɂ perl XN
  vgtĂāAÂX^C̃t@CV̂ɕϊĂ
  BȉALbVp̃l[T[oɑ΂ (Â`) named.boot
  ܂B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  directory /var/named
  cache   .                                     root.hints
  primary 0.0.127.IN-ADDR.ARPA                    127.0.0.zone
  primary localhost                               localhost.zone
  ______________________________________________________________________

  bind8/src/bin/named fBNgŁAR}hCȉ̂悤ɓ
  ܂ (\[Xzz肵Ă܂BoCipbP[Wɂ́ÃXN
  vg͓ĂȂ܂B̏ꍇǂ肷΂
  Ƃ킩܂ -ed.)B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  ./named-bootconf.pl < named.boot > named.conf
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ȉ̂悤 named.conf ł͂łB

  ______________________________________________________________________
  // generated by named-bootconf.pl

  options {
          directory "/var/named";
  };

  zone "." {
          type hint;
          file "root.hints";
  };

  zone "0.0.127.IN-ADDR.ARPA" {
          type master;
          file "127.0.0.zone";
  };

  zone "localhost" {
          type master;
          file "localhost.zone";
  };
  ______________________________________________________________________

   named.boot t@Cłׂ̓Ď󂯌pł͂łB
   bind8 ŐVɊgꂽݒIvVׂĒǉ킯ł͂
  ܂BȉɁA邪IɂȂĂ named.conf ̊
  Sȗ܂B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  // This is a configuration file for named (from BIND 8.1 or later).
  // It would normally be installed as /etc/named.conf.
  // The only change made from the `stock' named.conf (aside from this
  // comment :) is that the directory line was uncommented, since I
  // already had the zone files in /var/named.

  options {
          directory "/var/named";
          datasize 20M;
  };

  zone "localhost" IN {
          type master;
          file "localhost.zone";
  };

  zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN {
          type master;
          file "127.0.0.zone";
  };

  zone "." IN {
          type hint;
          file "root.hints";
  };
  ______________________________________________________________________

  bind 8 fBXgr[V bind8/src/bin/named/test fBNg
  ɁAƓ̂][t@C̐`ƈꏏɒuĂ܂BقƂ
  ǂ̐l͂Rs[邾łɎg͂łB
  ][t@C root.hints t@C̏͂܂łB
  XVR}hłB

  8.  Q & A

  Ƀ[OɁA܂̏͂ǂłB

  1.  named ł named.boot t@CKvƌ܂

     ǂł HOWTO ԈĂ܂B HOWTO ̌Âłł bind 4
     ̂ƂĂ܂̂ŁAǂłB
     <http://www.math.uio.no/~janl/DNS/> ɂ܂B

  2. t@CAEH[̒ DNS gɂ́H

     qgB forward only;

     ___________________________________________________________________
       query-source port 53;

     ___________________________________________________________________

   named.conf t@C ``options'' ̕ɕKvɂȂł傤B
  ``LbVp̃l[T[o'' ̐߂ɂłƐG܂ˁB

  3. DNS ɂāAT[rXɑ΂AhXJɂ܂킷 (round-
     robin ) ɂ͂ǂΗǂłH܂Ⴆ www.busy.site 
     ΂镉ׂ𕪎U悤ɂɂ͂ǂΗǂł傤B

     www.busy.site ɑ΂ A R[h𕡐pӂāA 4.9.3 ȍ~ bind
     p܂傤B bind ͉񓚂 round-robin Ă܂BÂł
     bind ł́A͓삵܂B

  4. (N[Y) Cglbg DNS ĝłBǂΗǂ
     łH

     root.hints t@CgȂ悤ɂāA][t@Cg
     傤B hint t@CXVKvȂ킯łB

  5. ZJ_ (X[u) ̃l[T[oݒ肷ɂ́H

     vC} (}X^) ̃T[oAAhX 127.0.0.1 ƂāA
     ̂悤ȍsZJ_ named.conf ɋLq܂B

     ___________________________________________________________________
       zone "linux.bogus" {
             type slave;
             file "sz/linux.bogus";
             masters { 127.0.0.1; };
       };

     ___________________________________________________________________

  zone Ă}X^T[oɂꍇ́A masters Xg
   `;' (Z~R) ŋ؂Ēǉ邱Ƃł܂B

  6. net ؒfĂƂɂ bind 𓮍삳Ăł

     Ɋ֘AL 4 Љ܂傤B

  o  bind 8 ɓ Adam L Rice dq[ŋĂ܂
     B_CAAbṽ}V DNS Ԃɓ삳@
     B

       ́Aŋ߂̃o[W BIND ł́A [t@C؂ւ, -ed]
       sKvł邱ƂɋC܂B "forwarders" w̑
       "forward" w肪\ɂȂĂāA҂őO҂̎g𐧌ł
       悤ɂȂĂłBftHg̐ݒ "forward first" ŁA
       ŏɂꂼ forwarders ɖ₢킹sAsꍇ
       ͂߂Ďgŕݒn߂܂BꂪC؂Ă
        gethostbyname() ɂ₽ƎԂĂ܂AȂ݂
       U镑łB "forward only" ݒ肵ĂƁA BIND 
       forwarders 甽AĂȂƂɂ߂܂B
       gethostbyname() ₩ɋAĂ邱ƂɂȂ܂Bł
       I݂ȋZg /etc ̃t@C؂ւAT[oċN
       Kv͂Ȃ̂łB

       ̏ꍇł́Aȉ̍s named.conf t@C options { }
       ZNVɒǉ邾łB

       forward only;
       forwarders { 193.133.58.5; };

       ƂĂ܂삵Ă܂B̕@̂̌_́A
       ꂽ DNS \tgEFAALbV삾Ȃ
       P@\ȃ\tgɂĂ܂AƂƂłB DNS LbV
       \tgΎ͎͂głǁA
       Linux ł͂̂悤ȃ\tg͂Ȃ݂łˁB

  o  ȉ̋L Ian Clard <ic@deakin.edu.au> [łB
     ނ̂ĂĂ܂B

  IP }XJ[hĂ茳̃}V named 𑖂点Ă܂B
  root.hints t@Cpӂ܂B root.hints.real ŁA
  { root T[o̖OĂ܂B
  root.hints.fake ŁA̓e...

  ----
  ; root.hints.fake
  ; this file contains no information
  ----

  łBؒfƂɂ root.hints.fake t@C root.hints 
  Rs[ named ċN܂B

  ڑƂɂ root.hints.real t@C root.hints ɃRs[
   named ċN܂B

   ip-down  ip-up łꂼꎩsĂ܂B

  ItC̎ɃhCɑ΂₢킹sƁA named 
  ɕtĒm܂񂩂Aȉ̂悤ȃGg messages 
  o͂܂B

  Jan 28 20:10:11 hazchem named[10147]: No root nameserver for class IN

  ͋CɂȂĂ܂܂B

  ̂Ƃł͂őSȂ삵Ă܂Blbgؒf
  ĂƂ́A[J}Ṽl[T[oÕhC
  ΂^CAEg̑҂ԂȂŎg܂AڑĂƂ
  ɂ͊ÕhCɑ΂₢킹𕁒ʂɍsƂłĂ܂B

  o  ؒfĂ鎞Ԃ̒}VɂāA bind  NFS |[g}bp
     Ƃǂ̂悤ɑݍp̂Ɋւ܂B Karl-Max
     Wanger łB

       C^[lbgɑ΂ăfoRł܂ɂڑȂ}Vɂ́A
       ׂ͂ named 𑖂点Ă܂Bl[T[o̓LbV
       Ă̂ݓ삵A authority  zone ͕ۗLAׂĂ
       root.cache t@Cɏꂽl[T[oɖ₢킹ɍsݒ
       Ă܂B Slackware ̗Vɏ]Anamed  nfsd  mountd 
       OɋNĂ܂B

       }V̂̈ (Libretto 30 notebook) ŁA肪N܂B
       ̃[J LAN ɂȂĂ鑼̃}VÃ}V
       mount łȂȂĂ܂̂ł (܂ɂł鎞܂)B
       ͐ڑ`ɈˑA PLIP ł PCMCIA ̃C[TlbgJ[hłA
       VAoR PPP ł悤ɋN܂B

       ΂炭ƍl@sAȉ̂悤Ȍ_ɒB܂B
       nfsd  mountd N portmapper ɑ΂čso^
       (͂̃f[Aʏʂu[gɃX^[gĂ܂)
       A named ͂߂߂ɂĂ܂̂łB named ̋N
       nfsd  mountd ̂Ƃɍs悤ɂƂA̖͊S
       ܂B

       u[g̏̂悤ɕύX邱Ƃɂs͂܂܂
       AݓIȖ邽߂ɁÂ悤ɂ邱ƂׂĂ
       FɂE߂Ǝv܂B

  o  ŌɁB̌Ɋւ HOWTO  Ask Mr. DNS
     <http://www.acmebw.com/askmrdns/#linux-dialup> ɂ܂B
     bind 4 ΏۂɂĂ܂̂ŁAeKX bind 8 ɓǂݑւK
     v܂B

  7. LbVl[T[o͂ǂɃLbVۑẮHLb
     ṼTCY͐ł܂H

     LbVׂ͂ăɕۊǂĂ܂BfBXNɏ܂
     Ƃ͂܂܂B named  kill ƁALbV
     ܂BLbVRg[@͂܂B named ̃Lb
     VǗ͒Pȃ[ɏ]Ă邩łBLbV̂̂A
     邢̓LbṼTCYAǂȗRRg[邱
     ͂ł܂B̓_uCv named nbNĂǂ
     傤B߂͂ł܂񂪁B

  8. named ͍ċNƂɃLbVۑĂ܂Hۑ
     悤ɂł܂H

     A named ͏IɃLbVۑ܂B܂ named 
     kill čċN邽тɁALbV̓[č\܂B
     LbVt@Cɕۑ悤 named Ɏw@͂Ȃ̂
     B̓_uCv named nbNĂǂł傤B
     ߂͂ł܂񂪁B

  9. hCɓɂ͂ǂ΂łH (Ⴆ) linux-
     rules.net ƂhC𗧂グ̂łÃhC
     ĂĂ炤ɂ͂ǂ΂̂ł傤B

     lbg[NT[rXvoC_ɘAĂ݂΁A炭Ă
     ł傤BȂÊقƂǂ̒nł́AhC̓ɂ͂
     Kvł͂ł̂ŔÔ߁B

  9.  n DNS Ǘ҂ɂȂ邽߂

  ƃc[

  肵Ƒ݂ĂāAIĈ̂ƈĂ
  ̂Ƃꂼꂠ܂B DNS Ǘ҂n DNS Ǘ҂ɂȂ
  ߂̃Xebv𓥂ނɂ́A̒̂ǂނƂKvłB
  ꂽЂƂẮA DNS and BIND ( C. Liu and P. Albitz, O'Reilly &
  Associates, Sebastopol, CA, ISBN 0-937175-82-X) X^_[hłB
  ǂ݂܂Bɂꂽ{łB bind 4 x[XȂ̂cOłA{
  IȖł͂Ȃł傤B TCP/IP Network Administration (Craig
  Hunt, O'Reilly..., ISBN 0-937175-82-X) ɂ DNS ̏͂܂Bǂ
  DNS (₻̑) Ǘ҂ɂȂ邽߂ɂ Zen and the Art of Motorcycle
  Maintenance (Robert M. Prisig :-), ISBN 0688052304) K{ł傤B
  ɂ܂邩܂B

  : ŏ̓ɂ͖{܂Bꂼ DNS & BIND 3 (IC
  [EWp, ISBN4-900900-91-5)A TCP/IP lbg[NǗ (I[
  , ISBN4-900718-01-7) łBȂ DNS & BIND  3łł bind 8 Ώ
  ƂȂĂ܂B

  ICł DNS Resources Directory <http://www.dns.net/dnsrd> 
  <http://www.isc.org/bind.html> ł낢댩܂B FAQAt@
  X}jA (BOG; Bind Operations Guide)Aɂ_vgR`
   DNS ̎nbN܂BLAȉɎ RFC ̂قƂ
  ́Abind ̔zz̒Ɋ܂܂Ă܂B͂̂ǂł
  ܂Bł̂ŁAKn DNS Ǘ҂ł͂܂B Arnt
  Gulbrandsen  BOG łɓǂłAɖɂȂĂ܂ :-)B
  j[XO[v comp.protocols.tcp-ip.domains ł DNS ̋c_Ă
  ܂B܂ DNS Ɋւ RFC 񑶍݂Ă܂BłdvȂ
  ȉɋĂ܂B

     RFC 2052
        A. Gulbrandsen, P. Vixie, A DNS RR for specifying the location
        of services (DNS SRV), October 1996

     RFC 1918
        Y. Rekhter, R. Moskowitz, D. Karrenberg, G. de Groot, E. Lear,
        Address Allocation for Private Internets, 02/29/1996.

     RFC 1912
        D. Barr, Common DNS Operational and Configuration Errors,
        02/28/1996.

     RFC 1912 Errors
        B. Barr Errors in RFC 1912, this is available at
        <http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~barr/rfc1912-errors.html>

     RFC 1713
        A. Romao, Tools for DNS debugging, 11/03/1994.

     RFC 1712
        C. Farrell, M. Schulze, S. Pleitner, D. Baldoni, DNS Encoding of
        Geographical Location, 11/01/1994.

     RFC 1183
        R. Ullmann, P. Mockapetris, L. Mamakos, C. Everhart, New DNS RR
        Definitions, 10/08/1990.

     RFC 1035
        P. Mockapetris, Domain names - implementation and specification,
        11/01/1987.

     RFC 1034
        P. Mockapetris, Domain names - concepts and facilities,
        11/01/1987.

     RFC 1033
        M. Lottor, Domain administrators operations guide, 11/01/1987.

     RFC 1032
        M. Stahl, Domain administrators guide, 11/01/1987.

     RFC 974
        C. Partridge, Mail routing and the domain system, 01/01/1986.

