  From DOS to Linux HOWTO
  By Guido Gonzato <guido@ibogfs.df.unibo.it>
  v1D0, 11 December 1996
  ܂݂Ђ <isle@st.rim.or.jp>

   HOWTO ́ADOS  386 ȏ̃Rs[^p̃t[ Unix N[
  ł Linux ɏւ悤ƌSSẴ[Û߂ɏ܂
  B̖̕ړÍADOS  Unix ̊Ԃ̗ގЉāADOS [U
  Ăm Linux ŉpł悤ɂȂA݂₩ Linux 
  Ŏdł悤ɂ邱ƂłB
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ڎ

  1. Ou
     1.1 Linux ͂ȂɓKĂ܂?
     1.2 ͉?
     1.3 ZCȐl̂߂

  2. t@CƃvO
     2.1 t@CƂ: ȒPȏЉ
     2.2 V{bNEN
     2.3 t@C̋ƏL
     2.4 DOS  Linux ւ̃R}h̖|
     2.5 vŐN: }`^XNƃZbV
     2.6 ꂽꏊɂRs[^([gRs[^)ŃvOs

  3. fBNg̎g
     3.1 fBNgƂ: ȒPȏЉ
     3.2 fBNg̋
     3.3 fBNgR}h DOS  Linux ̑Ή

  4. tbs[n[hfBXNȂǂ̈
     4.1 foCXǗ
     4.2 obNAbv

  5. VXe̒
     5.1 e평ݒpt@C
     5.2 evOpݒt@C

  6. ȒPȃvO~O
     6.1 VFXNvg: ꂽ .BAT t@C
     6.2 C ł̃vO

  7. c 1 %
     7.1 z̍
     7.2 tar &  gzip ̎g
     7.3 AvP[ṼCXg[
     7.4 K{̃eNjbN
     7.5 ɗvOƃR}h
     7.6 ʓIȊgq̕tƊ֌WvO

  8. Ƃ肠܂
     8.1 쌠\(Copyright)
     8.2 ӔC̕

  ______________________________________________________________________

  1.  Ou

  1.1.  Linux ͂ȂɓKĂ܂?

  DOS  Linux ֏ւ̂ł?͂lłBłAӂ
  ĂBLinux ͂Ȃ̖ɗȂm܂Bڌł́Au
  ǂ̃Rs[^vuŗǂ̃Iy[eBOVXevȂǂ݂͑܂
  : ͎glɈˑ܂BłA Linux 
  lɂƂĂ̍őP̉Ƃ͎vĂ܂BႦ Linux X̏p
  OS ZpIɗDĂƂĂAłBȂ̕KvƂ
  vO~OC^[lbgATeX ƂZpIȃ\tgEFAȂ
  ΁ALinux ͂߂ĖɗƂł傤BAɎĝAs
  ̃AvP[V\tgAR}h^Cv̂ʓ|
  ƊȂ΁Aʂ̂̂Tł傤B

  Linux (ȂƂ_ł) Windows  Mac قǂɂ͐ݒ肪ȒPɂ
  ȂĂ܂̂ŁA̍ۂɑ̋J͔܂Bӂ
  ܂AȂuv^Cṽ[UȂ΁ALinux ̐E
  Rs[^̊ŷ悤Ɋł傤B 100%ۏ؂ł
  BLinux ɗǂ͂ȂłBɁALinux 
  DOS/Windows Ɠ}Vɋł邱ƂYȂB

   HOWTO ̑OƂāA

  o  {I DOS ̃R}hƊTO𗝉Ă邱

  o  Linux Ɖ\Ȃ X EBhEVXeK؂ PC ɃCXg[
     Ă邱ƁB{gȂ΁AJE CXg[Ă邱
     ƁB

  o  VF ---DOS COMMANDDCOM̓i---bash ł邱ƁB

  o  ̃KChsSȓ发ł邱Ƃ𗝉Ă邱ƁBڂ
      Matt Welsh  ``Linux Installation and Getting Started'' /
      Larry Greenfield  ``Linux User Guide''
     (ftp://sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/docs/LDP/) 䗗B

   howto  ``From DOS to Linux - Quick!'' mini-howto ɒuւ
  łB

  1.2.  ͉?

  Linux ƕKvȃvO PC ɃCXg[ςƂ܂Bp̃AJE
  g(΁A adduser čĂ)A Linux 
  NĂ܂BȂ̃OCƃpX[h͂܂BāA
  XN[݂ȂlĂ܂: uāAAǂ悤?v

  _Kv͂܂B݁AȂ DOS łĂƂƓ
  ₳ɂƐFXȂƂł悤ɂȂ̂łBLinux ̑
   DOS gĂ΁Â悤ȍƂĂ邱Ƃł傤B

  o  vO𓮂āAt@CARs[A{
     A폜AAOςAAȂǁB

  o  fBNgړ(CD)A쐬(MD)A(RD)AX
     g(DIR)AAȂǁB

  o  tbs[tH[}bgāAt@Ctbs[ƂƂ肷B

  o  AUTOEXECDBAT CONFIGDSYS CB

  o  p̃ob`t@C(DBAT t@C)AQBasic ŃvO
     肷B

  o  ̑A1% قǂ̎dB

  ̎d Linux ł DOS l̕@ōsƂ\łBϓI
  [U 100 ȏ゠ DOS ̃R}ĥق̈ꕔgĂ܂:
  Ƃ Linux ɂĂ܂B

  ɐiޑOɏ`FbNĂ܂傤B

  o  ܂ŏɏI̎d܂BeLXg[h̉ʂɂ
     CTRL-ALT-DEL 𓯎ɉAVXeIāAu
     vƂbZ[Wo܂ő҂Ă PC ̓d؂܂BX
     EBhEgĂꍇA܂ CTRL-ALT-BACKSPACE  X EB
     hEIĂ CTRL-ALT-DEL ܂B PC ̓d؂
     AZbgĂ͂܂Bt@CVXeɏdȃ_[W^
     鋰ꂪ܂B

  o  DOS Ƃ͈قȂALinux ͂Ƃƃ}`[Upɐ݌vĂŁA
     ZLeC@\炩ߑg݂܂Ă܂Bt@CfBN
     gɂ͏L҂̋ݒ\ŁAʃ[Uɂ͌Ȃt@C
     邱Ƃ\łG(ڍׂɂĂ `` ''̐߂QƂ
     )

  o  ̎ł낢뎎āAVł݂ĂBvvgoĂ
     Ԃ help Ɠ͂΁ALpȃbZ[Wo͂܂B
     (ȉ̗ł $͈ʃ[ŨvvgŁA#̓[g̃vvg
     )B

       $ help

  (ŏo͂̂bash̃wvbZ[Wł)邢́A

       $ man command

  Ɠ͂܂Bman y[WCXg[Ă command Ɋւ}
  jA(``man'')y[W\܂B邢

       $ apropos command
       $ whatis command

  ƂĂ݂̂ł傤BIɂ 'q' ܂B

  o  Unix ̗͂Ə_̌̓_CNgƃpCvƂPȊTOɂ
     ܂B_CNgƃpCv DOS ɂ܂AUnix ł͂
     炪Ƌ͂ɂȂĂ܂B͒PȃR}hpCv
     gĘA邱ƂŁAƕGȍƂĂ̂邱Ƃ\
     ȂĂ܂B̋@\ϋɓIɊp܂傤B

  o  p: <...> ͓肵Ȃ΂ȂȂڂłBA [...] ͗
     Ƃ̂ł鍀ڂłBႦ:

       $ tar -tf <file.tar> [> redir_file]

  ̏ꍇA file.tar ͕K{̍ڂłBA redir_file ւ̃_C
  Ng͂ĂĂ\܂B

  o  ȉł́uڍׂɂĂ man y[WQƂ̂ƁvƂӖ
     ``RMP'' (please Read the Man Pages for further information)Ƃ}
     [Ng܂B

  1.3.  ZCȐl̂߂

  Ă݂̂ł? ł́Aȉ̃Xg䗗 :

       DOS                 Linux                  
       ----------------------------------------------------------------------
       BACKUP              tar -Mcvf device dir/  SقȂ
       CD dirname\         cd dirname/            @͂قړ
       COPY file1 file2    cp file1 file2         ɓ
       DEL file            rm file                 : undelete ͂܂
       DELTREE dirname     rm -R dirname/         ɓ
       DIR                 ls                     Ă邪Sɓł͂Ȃ
       EDIT file           vi file                ͑CɂȂł傤B
                           emacs file             ̕
                           jstar file             DOS  edit Ɏg܂
       FORMAT              fdformat,
                           mount, umount          @͑SقȂ
       HELP command        man command            l͓
       MD dirname          mkdir dirname/         @͂قړ
       MOVE file1 file2    mv file1 file2         ɓ
       NUL                 /dev/null              ɓ
       PRINT file          lpr file               ɓ
       PRN                 /dev/lp0,
                           /dev/lp1               ɓ
       RD dirname          rmdir dirname/         قړ
       REN file1 file2     mv file1 file2         t@CxɏłȂ
       RESTORE             tar -Mxpvf device      @͈قȂ
       TYPE file           less file              ̕Ƃ
       WIN                 startx                 !

  ̕\ȏ̐KvȂΈȉ̃ZNVǂłB

  2.  t@CƃvO

  2.1.  t@CƂ: ȒPȏЉ

  Linux ɂ DOS ɂ悭t@CVXe --- Ȃ킿AufBNg
  ƃt@C̍\v --- ܂Bt@C͈̃[ɏ]ĖO
  tAfBNgɕۑA̃t@C͎s\ŁA
  s\ȃt@Cɂ͂̃R}hXCb`pӂĂ܂B
  ăChJ[h⃊_CNgApCvgƂ\łBDOS ̃t@
  CVXeƂ͂킸ȈႢ܂B

  o  DOS ̐Eł́At@C͂ 8.3 `ɂȂĂ܂; Ⴆ
     NOTENOUG.TXT ȂǁBLinux ł͂̂悤Ȑ͂܂B Linux 
     ext2  umsdos găCXg[Ă΁A(ő 255 ܂
     )ƒt@CgƂAȏ̃hbggƂ
     \łBႦ΁AThis_is.a.VERY_long.filename ȂǁB啶Ə
     gĂ邱ƂɒӂĂBۂ̂ƂAA

  o  t@CR}h̑啶Ə͋ʂ܂BȂ킿A
     FILENAME.tar.gz  filename.tar.gz ͈Ⴄt@CɂȂ܂BR}
     h ls łALS ͊ԈႢłB

  o  vOɂ .COM  .EXE ƂgqtAob`t@Cɂ
     .BAT ƂgqtȂǂ̐͂܂Bs\t@C
     ls -F ɃAX^XN '*' Ŏ܂BႦ:

       $ ls -F
       letter_to_Joe  cindy.jpg  cjpg*  I_am_a_dir/  my_1st_script*  old~

  cjpg*  my_1st_script ́uvOvAȂ킿s\t@C
  BDOS ł́AobNAbvt@C .BAK Ƃgq܂A
  Linux ł́At@C̖Ƀ`_(~) t܂(emacs/mule g
  )B܂AhbgŎn܂t@C͉Bt@CɂȂ܂BႦ΁A
  .I.am.a.hidden.file Ƃt@C ls R}hł͕\܂B

  o  DOS vO /switch vÕIvVXCb`ɂȂ
     BALinux ł -switch  --switch IvVXCb`ƂȂ
     ܂BႦ dir /s  ls - R ɂȂ܂B DOS vOA
      PKZIP  ARJ  Unix ̃IvVXCb`gĂ邱Ƃ
     ӂĂB

   ``eR}h DOS  Linux ւ̖|'' ̏͂֐ił\܂
  񂵁Â܂ܓǂݐi߂ĂĂ\܂B

  2.2.  V{bNEN

  Unix ɂ DOS ɂȂނ̃t@CAȂ킿V{bNEN
  ܂BV{bNEN̓t@CfBNgւ̃|C^ƍl
  Aۂ̃t@CfBNg̑ɎgƂ\łBV{b
  NEN Win 95 ́uV[gJbgvɂ悭Ă܂BV{b
  NEN̗ƂāAႦ /usr/X11  /usr/X11R6 ւ̃V{bNE
  NɂȂĂA/dev/modem  /dev/cua0  /dev/cua1 ւ̃|C^
  ɂȂĂ܂B

  V{bNENɂ͈ȉ̂悤ɂ܂B

       $ ln -s <file_or_dir> <linkname>

  :

       $ ln -s /usr/doc/g77/DOC g77manual.txt

   /usr/doc/g77/DOC ̑ g77manual.txt Ƃt@Cg
  ܂B

  2.3.  t@C̋ƏL

  DOS ̃t@CƃfBNgɂ͈ȉ 4 ̑܂: A (A[J
  Cu)AH (Bt@C)AR ([hI[)AS (VXet@C)B
  ̂ H  R ̑̂݁ALinux ɑΉ鑮܂BBt@C
  ̓hbgŎn߁A[hI[̑ɂẮAAǂݑĂ
  B

  Unix ̐Eł́At@Cɂ͊éu(p[~bV)vƏL
  ҂̊TO܂BL҂͉炩́uO[vvɑĂ܂Bȉ
  ĂB

       $ ls -l /bin/ls
       -rwxr-xr-x  1  root  bin  27281 Aug 15 1995 /bin/ls*

  ŏ̗ /bin/ls ̋Ă܂BL҂̓[gŁAO[
  v bin łB͕̂̏ʂ̋@ɐ邱Ƃɂ(Matt ̒
  Ă܂)Ał-rwxr-xr-x ̈Ӗ܂(
  Eɓǂ݂܂)B

  - ̓t@C̎ނ܂(- ͈ʂ̃t@CAd ̓fBNgAl
  ̓NAȂǂȂ)B̎ 3 Arwx ̓t@C̏L҂ɑ΂鋖
  ł(̗ł͓ǂݏoA݁As̑SĂ\ɂȂĂ
  )B 3 A-xr ̓t@C̏L҂O[vɑ΂鋖
  ł(ǂݏoƎŝ݂\ł)(̕ł̓O[vɂĂ͈
  ܂BS҂̊Ԃ̓O[vCɂȂłvł ;-)BŌ r-x
  ͂̑SẴ[Uɑ΂鋖ł(ǂݏoƎŝ݂\)B

  ̂悤ȋɂȂĂ邽߁A[gȊÕ[Uɂ /bin/ls 
  폜ł܂BȂȂ΁A[gȊÕ[Uɂ͏݋^
  ĂȂłBt@C̋ς邽߂̃R}h

       $ chmod <whoXperm> <file>

  łB

  ŁAwho  u ([UAȂ킿LҎg)A g ([ȖO
  [v)Ao (̑̃[U) ŁAX  +  - ɂȂ܂Bperm r (ǂ
  o)  w ()A邢 x (s) ̂ꂩłBႦ΁A

  $ chmod u+x file

  ̎wł́At@C̏L҂Ɏs^܂B̃V[gJb
  gƂĎg܂ˁB

       $ chmod go-wx file

  ̎wł́AL҈ȊO(O[vƈʃ[U)݂̏ƎsO
  Ă܂B

       $ chmod ugo+rwx file

  ΒNłǂ݂݂⏑oAs\ɂȂ܂B

       # chmod +s file

  ̎w͂ ``setuid''AȂ킿 ``suid'' ꂽt@C
  ܂B̃t@C͒N[ǧŎsł܂B

  ͐Ŏw肷邱Ƃ\łBrwxr-xr-x  755 ƕ\ł
  (e̃rbgɑΉ܂BȂ킿A ---  0
  ŁA--x  1 A-w-  2 ŁA -wx  3 X)BꌩGłA
  炭K΂̈Ӗłł傤B

  [gAX[p[[UA͑SẴ[Ũt@C̋
  X邱Ƃł܂AڍׂɂĂ --- chmod ɂ RMP Ă
  B

  2.4.  DOS  Linux ւ̃R}h̖|

  ̕\̍ DOS ̃R}hŁAEɎ̂Ή Linux ̃R}h
  łB

       COPY:       cp
       DEL:        rm
       MOVE:       mv
       REN:        mv
       TYPE:       more, less, cat

  _CNgƕW͂؂ւIy[^  <  > >> |  łB

  ChJ[h: * ?

  nul: /dev/null

  prn, lpt1: /dev/lp0  /dev/lp1; lpr

  ܂B

       DOS                                     Linux
       ---------------------------------------------------------------------
       C:\GUIDO>copy joe.txt joe.doc         $ cp joe.txt joe.doc
       C:\GUIDO>copy *.* total               $ cat * > total
       C:\GUIDO>copy fractals.doc prn        $ lpr fractals.doc
       C:\GUIDO>del temp                     $ rm temp
       C:\GUIDO>del *.bak                    $ rm *~
       C:\GUIDO>move paper.txt tmp\          $ mv paper.txt tmp/
       C:\GUIDO>ren paper.txt paper.asc      $ mv paper.txt paper.asc
       C:\GUIDO>print letter.txt             $ lpr letter.txt
       C:\GUIDO>type letter.txt              $ more letter.txt
       C:\GUIDO>type letter.txt              $ less letter.txt
       C:\GUIDO>type letter.txt > nul        $ cat letter.txt > /dev/null
          YȂ                           $ more *.txt *.asc
          YȂ                           $ cat section*.txt | less

  ӓ_:

  o  Linux ł́AChJ[hLN^ł * ́ADOS ƌ
     ȂĂ܂B* ͉Bt@CȊȎSẴt@CɃ}b`
     BD* ͑SẲBt@CɃ}b`܂B*.* ́At@C̒
     ɑ̕ɂ͂܂ꂽ '.' t@Cɂ̂݃}b`܂Bp*r 
     `peter' Ƃ `piper' Ƃ}b`܂B*c*  `picked' ɂ `peck'
     ɂ}b`܂B

  o  more gꍇAǂނɂ SPACE AIɂ `q' 
     CTRL-C ܂Bless  more ɌāAL[(J[\
     L[)gƂ\łB

  o  less œ{̃t@C\ۂɂ͊ϐ LESSCHARSET ݒ
     Kv܂Bbash gꍇA

     ___________________________________________________________________
     $ export LESSCHARSET=japanese-ujis
     ___________________________________________________________________

  s܂B

  o  DOS Ƃ͈قȂAUNDELETE ͂܂BłA폜ۂ
     ͏\ӂĂB

  o  DOS  <A>A>> ɉāALinux ł 2> ŃG[bZ[
     W(stderr)؂ς邱Ƃ\łBāA2>&1 Ƃ stderr
      stdout ɏo͂A 1>&2  stdout  stderr Ƀ_CNgł
     B

  o  Linux ł [] ƂChJ[hg܂B [abc]* ͍ŏ̕
      a  b  c Ŏn܂郏ChJ[h̎włB*[I-N,123] ͖
      I, J, K, L, M, N, 1, 2, 3 ŏIt@CɃ}b`܂B

  o  DOS  RENAME ͂܂BȂ킿A mv *.xxx *.yyy ͎g܂
     B

  o  t@C̏㏑hɂ cp -i  mv -i gāAmF[hŎ
     sĂB

  2.5.  vŐN: }`^XNƃZbV

  vO𓮂ɂ DOS Ɠlɂ̃R}h̖Ołނ
  BNvOpXϐ (``VXȅݒ''Q)
  ʂĂfBNgɂ΁Â܂܎s邱Ƃ\łBDOS
  Ƃ͈قȂALinux ł͍fBNgɂvOłApX
  ʂĂȂƎs邱Ƃ͂ł܂B̏ꍇAvO prog
  ƂƁD/prog Ɠ͂܂B

  T^IȃR}hC͈ȉ̂悤ɂȂ܂B

       $ command -s1 -s2 ... -sn par1 par2 ... parn < input > output

   -s1, ... ,-sn ̓vÕIvVXCb`ŁApar1, ...,
  parn ̓vÕp[^łBȉ̂悤 ; ŋ؂ĕ̃R}
  hׂ邱Ƃ\łB

       $ command1 ; command2 ; ... ; commandn

  ŃvO̓ɂĂ͏IłAi߂̂͊
  Pł傤BLinux gR̈ɁALinux ̓}`^XN OS ŁA
  ̃vO(ȌvZXƌĂт܂)𓯎ɓ邩AƂ̂
  ܂B̋@\g΃vOobNOEhŎsȂ獡
  d𑱂邱Ƃ\łBāALinux ł͕̃ZbV𓯎
  Ƃ\łB̏ꍇAɕ̃Rs[^gĂ
  Ɋ܂B

  o  ZbV 1  ZbV 6 ɐ؂ւɂ́A

       $ ALT-F1 ... ALT-F6

  Ƃ܂B

  o  ZbVc܂ܐVZbVNɂ́A

       $ su - <loginname>

  Ƃ܂B

  Ⴆ΁A

       $ su - root

  ʏA[ĝ݂fBXN}Egł̂ŁAfBXN}Eg
  ꍇ(ڍׂ ``tbs['' ̏͂QƂ̂)AăZbV
  ւΕ֗łB

  o  ZbVIɂ́A

       $ exit

  Ƃ܂B~̃WucĂ(ڍׂ͌q)x\܂B

  o  tHAOEhŃvZXNɂ́A

       $ progname [-switches] [parameters] [< input] [> output]

  Ƃ܂B

  o  obNOEhŃvZXNɂ̓R}hs̍Ō `&' t
     ܂B

       $ progname [-switches] [parameters] [< input] [> output] &
       [1] 123

  VF̓vZXWuԍ(̗ł [1] WuԍłBڍׂ͌
  q)ƃvZX ID(̗ł 123) ŋʂĂ܂B

  o  ̃vZXĂ邩ɂ́A

       $ ps -a

  ƂƁAݓĂvZX̃Xg\܂B
  o  vZXEɂ́A

       $ kill <PID>

  vO̐I@ȂꍇȂǁAvZXEKv
  邩m܂AA;-) vZX̒ɂ́Aȉ̂悤ɂȂƎȂȂ
  ̂܂B

       $ kill -15 <PID>
       $ kill -9 <PID>

  āAVF̓vZXꎞ~AobNOEhɑA
  obNOEhtHAOEh֖߂肷邱Ƃ\łB
  ꍇAvZX͓ɁuWuvƌĂ΂܂B

  o  ǂꂾ̃WuĂ邩ɂ

       $ jobs

  Ƃ܂B̏ꍇAeWu̓vZX ID ł͂ȂWuԍŕ\
  ܂B

  o  tHAOEhœĂvZXIɂ(ɓĂ
     ͌܂)A

       $ CTRL-C

  ͂܂B

  o  tHAOEhœĂvZXꎞ~ɂ()A

       $ CTRL-Z

  ͂܂B

  o  ꎞ~vZXobNOEhɑɂ(̃vZX̓W
     uɂȂ܂)

       $ bg <job>

  Ƃ܂B

  o  WutHAOEhֈڂɂ

       $ fg <job>

  Ƃ܂B

  o  WuEɂ

       $ kill <%job>

  Ƃ܂B

  ŁA<job>  1, 2, 3, ... Ȃǂ̔ԍłB̃R}hg
  邱ƂŁAfBXÑtH[}bg╡t@C̈kAvÕR
  pCAA[JCut@C̓WJȂǂ𓯎ɍsȂȂAɃv
  vgoāAR}h͂\ɂĂƂł܂B DOS
  łĂȂ! ܂AWindows łĂ݂āAǂꂭ炢\ɈႢ
  邩̂ʔł傤B

  2.6.  ꂽꏊɂRs[^([gRs[^)ŃvO
  s

  zXg remote.bigone.edu ̃[gRs[^ŃvOs
  ɂ́A܂

       $ telnet remote.bigone.edu

  ẴRs[^ɃOC܂B

  OC΍DȃvO𓮂Ƃł܂B܂ł
  񂪁Aremote.bigone.edu ɂ͂Ȃ̃AJEgKvłB

  X11 g΁AX p̃AvP[V[gRs[^ŎsāA
  \茳̃}V X EBhẺʂɏo͂邱Ƃ\łB
  remote.bigone.edu  X EBhE̓郊[gRs[^
  local.linux.box Ȃ Linux }VƂ܂B local.linux.box 
  remote.bigone.edu ɂ X ̃vO𓮂ɂ͈ȉ̂悤ɂ
  B

  o  X11 NāAxterm ̃^[~iG~[^N܂(
     {gꍇ kterm g܂Bȉł xtermktermƓǂ݂
     )BāAȉ̂悤ɓ͂܂B

       $ xhost +remote.bigone.edu
       $ telnet remote.bigone.edu

  o  remote.bigone.edu ɃOCāAȉ̂悤ɓ͂܂B

       remote:$ DISPLAY=local.linux.box:0.0
       remote:$ progname &

  (remote.bigone.edu  csh ñVFĂ DISPLAY=... ̑
   setenv DISPLAY local.linux.box:0.0 ƂKv邩m܂)

  ŁAprogname  remote.bigone.edu ŋNāAʂȂ
  local.linux.box ŕ\܂BłA ppp ̂悤ȒxڑoR
  ł͂ȂłB

  3.  fBNg̎g

  3.1.  fBNgƂ: ȒPȏЉ

  ܂ł DOS  Linux ł̃t@C̈ႢɂČĂ܂BfBN
  gɂĂADOS ł̓[gfBNg \ Ȃ̂ɑ΂āALinux 
   / łBlɁADOS ł͕̃fBNg \ ŋ؂܂A
  Linux ł / ŋ؂܂Bt@C̃pX̗Ă݂܂傤B

       DOS:    C:\PAPERS\GEOLOGY\MID_EOC.TEX
       Linux:  /home/guido/papers/geology/mid_eocene.tex

  ʏA.. ͐efBNg܂B. ͎̍fBNg
  BǂłR cd  rd  md ł킯ł͂Ȃ
  YȂBVXeɃOCƊe[U̓VXe̊Ǘ҂
  ߗpӂĂéuz[vfBNgɓ܂BႦ΁A
  PC ł́Ãz[fBNgɂ /home/guido łB

  3.2.  fBNg̋

  fBNgɂe̋܂B`` ''̏͂Ōu
  LҁvAuO[vvAȗ[UvƂ敪̓fBNgɂl
  ɂĂ͂܂܂BfBNg̏ꍇA rx ͂̃fBNg cd ł
  邱ƂӖA w ͂̃fBNgɂt@CA邢̓fBN
  gg폜ł邱ƂӖ܂(ۂɃt@C폜ł邩ǂ
  ́Ãt@Cg̋ɂČ܂邱Ƃ͌܂ł܂
  )B

  Ⴆ΁Ã[U /home/guido/text fBNg`Ȃ悤ɂ
  ɂ

       $ chmod o-rwx /home/guido/text

  Ƃ܂B

  3.3.  fBNgR}h DOS  Linux ̑Ή

       DOS         Linux
       -------------------------
       DIR     :   ls, find, du
       CD      :   cd, pwd
       MD      :   mkdir
       RD      :   rmdir
       DELTREE :   rm -R
       MOVE    :   mv

  ߂܂B

       DOS                                     Linux
       ---------------------------------------------------------------------
       C:\GUIDO>dir                             $ ls
       C:\GUIDO>dir file.txt                    $ ls file.txt
       C:\GUIDO>dir *.h *.c                     $ ls *.h *.c
       C:\GUIDO>dir/p                           $ ls | more
       C:\GUIDO>dir/a                           $ ls -l
       C:\GUIDO>dir *.tmp /s                    $ find / -name "*.tmp"
       C:\GUIDO>cd                              $ pwd
           ܂B́uӁvQ       $ cd
                                            $ cd ~
                                            $ cd ~/temp
       C:\GUIDO>cd \other                       $ cd /other
       C:\GUIDO>cd ..\temp\trash                $ cd ../temp/trash
       C:\GUIDO>md newprogs                     $ mkdir newprogs
       C:\GUIDO>move prog ..                    $ mv prog ..
       C:\GUIDO>md \progs\turbo                 $ mkdir /progs/turbo
       C:\GUIDO>deltree temp\trash              $ rm -R temp/trash
       C:\GUIDO>rd newprogs                     $ rmdir newprogs
       C:\GUIDO>rd \progs\turbo                 $ rmdir /progs/turbo

  :

  1. rmdir ۂɂ́ÃfBNg͋łȂ΂܂BfB
     Ng̒gƍ폜ꍇA rm -R g܂(̐ӔCŎ
     sĂ)B

  2. `_(~)LN^̓z[fBNg܂Bw肵Ȃ
     cd  cd ~ ƁAǂɂ悤ƁÃz[fBNgɈړ
     ܂Bcd ~/tmp  /home/your_home/tmp ֈړ܂B

  3. cd - ͒O܂łfBNgɖ߂܂B

  4.  tbs[n[hfBXNȂǂ̈

  4.1.  foCXǗ

  CÂƂ͂܂܂񂪁ADOS  FORMAT A: R}h͌ڂ
  Ƃ̎dĂ܂BہAFORMAT R}h́A1) I
  fBXNtH[}bgA2) A:\ fBNg쐬(= t@CVXe
  ̍쐬)A3) fBXNg悤ɏ(= fBXÑ}Eg)A
  A̍ƂĂ܂B

  Linux ł́A 3 ̎d͂ꂼʁXɂ邱ƂɂȂ܂Bt
  bs[fBXN MS-DOS tH[}bgŎgƂ͉\łAMS-DOS
  tH[}bg̏ꍇAt@CgȂ̂ŁAʂ̎ނ̃tH[}b
  gg֗łBȉɃfBXNg@܂(ȉ̃Zb
  V̓[gŎsȂ΂Ȃ܂)B

  o  W 1.44M tbs[fBXNtH[}bg(A:)

       # fdformat /dev/fd0H1440

  o  t@CVXe쐬B

       # mkfs -t ext2 -c /dev/fd0H1440

  邢

       # mformat a:

   MS-DOS t@CVXe܂BfBXNgOɃ}EgK
  v܂B

  o  fBXN}Egɂ́A

  # mount -t ext2 /dev/fd0 /mnt

  

       # mount -t msdos /dev/fd0 /mnt

  Ƃ܂B

  Ńtbs[ƃt@CƂ肷邱Ƃł܂BƂI
  fBXN𔲂Oɂ́AA}EgȂ΂ȂȂƂYȂB

  o  fBXNA}Egɂ́A

       # umount /mnt

  Ƃ܂B

  ŃfBXN𔲂Ƃ\łBfdformat  mkfs ͍܂Ŏg
  Ƃ̂ȂtH[}bg̃fBXNɂ̂ݕKvƂȂƂłB B: hCu
  gꍇAL̗ fd0H1440  fd0 ̑ fd1H1440  fd1 g
  ĂB

  Ă΁A DOS ł A:  B: ƂĎw肷Ƃ /mnt Ƃ
  fBNggĎw肷邱ƂɂȂ܂B܂B

       DOS                                     Linux
       ---------------------------------------------------------------------
       C:\GUIDO>dir a:                          $ ls /mnt
       C:\GUIDO>copy a:*.*                      $ cp /mnt/* /docs/temp
       C:\GUIDO>copy *.zip a:                   $ cp *.zip /mnt/zip
       C:\GUIDO>a:                              $ cd /mnt
       A:>_                                     /mnt/$ _

  ܂łȂAtbs[fBXNłł邱Ƃ͑̃foCXł\
  BႦΕʂ̃n[hfBXN CD-ROM hCu}EgȂ
  ACD-ROM }Egɂ̓[gɂȂĈȉ̂悤Ɏs܂B

       # mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt

  ꂪuv̕@łAtbs[ CD-ROM }Eg邽тɃ
  [gɂȂ͖̂ʓ|Ȃ̂ŁAʃ[U}Egł悤Ȕp
  Ă܂B

  o  [gɂȂ /mnt/a  /mnt/a:A /mnt/cdrom fBNgB

  o  /etc/fstab Ɉȉ̂悤ȍsB

       /dev/cdrom      /mnt/cdrom  iso9660 ro,user,noauto          0       0
       /dev/fd0        /mnt/a:     msdos   user,noauto             0       0
       /dev/fd0        /mnt/a      ext2    user,noauto             0       0

  ňȉ̂悤Ɉʃ[Uł DOS tbs[ ext2 tbs[A
  CD-ROM }Egł悤ɂȂ܂B

       $ mount /mnt/a:
       $ mount /mnt/a
       $ mount /mnt/cdrom

  /mnt/a  /mnt/a:A/mnt/cdrom ͑SẴ[UANZXł܂B[
  gɂȂ炸 /mnt/a ɏނ߂ɂ́AU[gɂȂĈȉ̂悤
  Ă܂B

       # mount /mnt/a
       # chmod 777 /mnt/a
       # umount /mnt/a

  ʃ[UɃfBXN}Eg\ɂ̂̓ZLeBz[ɂȂ肩
  ˂ȂƂYȂB

  4.2.  obNAbv

  Ńtbs[̈Ǝv܂BɃobNAbv̎
  ܂BobNAbvp̃\tg܂AŒAȉ
  悤ɂΕ̃tbs[ɃobNAbv邱Ƃ\ł([g
  ɂȂčƂ邱ƂKvł)

       # tar -M -cvf /dev/fd0H1440 /dir_to_backup

  炩߃tbs[hCuɓĂsĂB܂AtH
  [}bgς̃tbs[𕡐pӂĂƂYȂB

  obNAbvf[^oɂ́Aŏ̃tbs[hCuɓ
  āA

       # tar -M -xpvf /dev/fd0H1440

  Ƃ܂B

  5.  VXe̒

  5.1.  e평ݒpt@C

  DOS ł AUTOEXEC.BAT  CONFIG.SYS  2 ̃t@Cɏdvł
  B̃t@C͋NɃVXeݒ肷邽ߗpAPATH
   FILES Ƃϐݒ肵ÃvOob`t@C
  s肵܂BLinux ɂ͂Ƒ̏ݒpt@C
  Bɂ́AS҂̊Ԃ͂Ȃt@C܂Błdv
  ȏݒpt@CЉ܂B

       FILES                           NOTES
       ----------------------------------------------------------
       /etc/inittab                    _ł͐GȂ
       /etc/rc.d/*                     ɓB

  PATH ₻̑̊ϐςAOC̃bZ[W⃍OC
  ɎIɎsvOςȂAȉ̃t@C
  ׂĂ݂܂傤B

       FILES                           NOTES
       --------------------------------------------------------------
       /etc/issue                      login Oɕ\郁bZ[W
       /etc/motd                       login ɕ\郁bZ[W
       /etc/profile                    PATH Ȃǂ̊ϐ̐ݒȂ
       /etc/bashrc                     GCAXt@NV̐ݒ(q)

       /home/your_home/.bashrc         p̃GCAXt@NV̐ݒ
       /home/your_home/.bash_profile   ϐ̐ݒƎp̃vŐN
       /home/your_home/.profile        

  L̃XgŁA㔼ɏЉt@C̃z[fBNgɑ
  Ă(͉Bt@CɂȂĂ邱Ƃɒ)AOCɓ
  ݂܂Ďw肵R}hs܂B

   --- ȉɎ .profile Ă

  ______________________________________________________________________
  # ̓Rgł
  echo Environment:
  printenv | less   # equivalent of command SET under DOS
  alias d='ls -l'   # easy to understand what an alias is
  alias up='cd ..'
  echo "I remind you that the path is "$PATH
  echo "Today is `date`"  # use the output of command 'date'
  echo "Have a good day, "$LOGNAME
  # ̓VF֐̐ݒł
  ctgz() # List the contents of a .tar.gz archive.
  {
    for file in $*
    do
      gzip -dc ${file} | tar tf -
    done
  }
  # end of .profile
  ______________________________________________________________________

  PATH  LOGNAME ͑zǂϐɂȂĂ܂BȊOɂ
  ܂Ȋϐ܂BႦ less ̃}jA RMP Ă݂Ă
  B

  5.2.  evOpݒt@C

  Linux ł́AقڑSĂ̂ƂDȂ悤ɐݒł܂BقƂǂ̃vO
  ɎRɐݒłȏ̐ݒpt@CpӂĂ܂Bݒ
  pt@C͂΂ .prognamerc ƂOłȂ̃z[fBNg
  ɗpӂĂ܂B܂ɏCȂݒpt@C͈ȉ̂
  Ȃ̂ł傤B

  Dinputrc bash ̃L[oCfBO̐ݒɎg܂

  Dxinitrc startx  X EBhȄݒɎg܂

  Dfvwmrc fvwm EBhE}l[Wp̐ݒt@CłBTv
  /usr/lib/X11/fvwm/system.fvwmrc ɂ܂B

  DXdefault X p̒[G~[^ rxvt Ȃǂg܂B

  SĂ߂ɎgR}hɂĂ RMP ĂB

  6.  ȒPȃvO~O

  6.1.  VFXNvg: ꂽ .BAT t@C

  DOS ̃ob`t@C(.BAT t@C)͒R}hC̃V[gJb
  ĝɂ悭p܂(͂ɂ悭g܂)BLinux 
  eR}hւ̃V[gJbgɂ́AK؂ alias s profile 
  .profile ɋLڂ܂(L̗Ă)BłAob`t@C
  蕡GȖړIɎgĂȂVF̃XNvg@\ĝ֗
  傤BVF̃XNvg@\ QBasic Ɠ̋@\Ă܂B
  VFXNvg͕ϐ while, for, case, if... then... else Ƃ
  \ȂǁA̋@\Ă܂BVFXNvg͑̏ꍇ
  u{ṽvȎɎg܂B

  VFXNvg --- DOS  .BAT t@C̓ --- ɂ́AKv
  Ȏwׂʏ̃AXL[t@CAZ[u chmod +x
  <scriptfile> ƂĎs^܂Bsɂ͂̃t@C
  ͂܂B

  ꌾӂĂ܂ƁAVXeɕt̃GfB^͒ʏ vi łA
  o猾ƁAقƂǂ̐V[Uɂ vi ͎gÂ炢悤łB
  g vi ͍Dł͂ȂgĂȂ̂ŁAł͎g̐͂
  񂪁AKvȂ Matt Welsh  ``Linux installation...'' QƂ
  (X Ȃ joe  emacs ̂悤ȕʂ̃GfB^g
  Ǝv܂)Bł vi ɂĂ͈ȉ̃R}hĂ
  B

  o  eLXg͂ɂ́A܂ 'i' ͂Ăۂ̃eLXg
     B

  o  Z[u vi Iɂ <ESC> Ă :q!  ́B

  o  Z[uďIɂ <ESC>  :wq Ɠ́B

  bash ̃XNvg̏ɂĂ͂ꂾŖ{KvɂȂ̂ŁA
  ł͂ȏ͐GꂸɁA{IȎgTvXNvg
  ɂĂ܂B

  ______________________________________________________________________

  #!/bin/sh
  # VFXNvg̃Tv
  # ̓Rgs
  # 1 sڂ͕ύXȂƁB#!/bin/sh 1sڂɂȂƂ܂
  echo "This system is: `uname -a`" # use the output of the command
  echo "My name is $0" # built-in variables
  echo "You gave me the following $# parameters: "$*
  echo "First parameter is: "$1
  echo -n "What's your name? " ; read your_name
  echo look the difference: "hi $your_name" # quoting with "
  echo look the difference: 'hi $your_name' # quoting with '
  DIRS=0 ; FILES=0
  for file in `ls .` ; do
    if [ -d ${file} ] ; then # if file is a directory
      DIRS=`expr $DIRS + 1`  # DIRS = DIRS + 1
    elif [ -f ${file} ] ; then
      FILES=`expr $FILES + 1`
    fi
    case ${file} in
      *.gif|*jpg) echo "${file}: graphic file" ;;
      *.txt|*.tex) echo "${file}: text file" ;;
      *.c|*.f|*.for) echo "${file}: source file" ;;
      *) echo "${file}: generic file" ;;
    esac
  done
  echo "there are ${DIRS} directories and ${FILES} files"
  ls | grep "ZxY--!!!WKW"
  if [ $? != 0 ] ; then # exit code of last command
    echo "ZxY--!!!WKW not found"
  fi
  echo "enough... type 'man bash' if you want more info."
  ______________________________________________________________________

  6.2.  C ł̃vO

  Unix ł́ADɂ炸AVXe C łB̑̌
  (FORTRAN, Pascal, Lisp, Basic, Perl, awk...)p\łB

  ł C ɂĂ͌䑶m̂ƂƂāAł Turbo C++ ₻̐eʂ
  gƂlɂ̃KChCЉ܂BLinux ł
  C RpC gcc ŁADOS  C RpCɕtĂ悤ȓ
  ICEwvAfobK̗ނ͈؂܂B gcc ͒PȂ
  R}hCERpCłA߂ċ͂IłBWI
  hello.c vORpCɂ

       $ gcc hello.c

  Ƃ܂B̌ʁAa.out ƌĂ΂s`쐬܂Bs`
  ʂ̖OtȂA

       $ gcc -o hola hello.c

  ̂悤ɂ܂B

  炩̃CuN -l<libname> XCb`t܂B
  Ⴆ΁AwCuNȂ

       $ gcc -o mathprog mathprog.c -lm

  Ƃ܂B

  (-l<libname> XCb`g gcc  /usr/lib/lib<libname>.a Ƃ
  ÕCuN܂BłA-lm w肷
  /usr/lib/libm.a N܂)

  ȒPȃvOȂ΂ŏ\łARpCvO
  ̃\[Xt@CłĂꍇAmake Ƃ[eBeBg
  ʓIłB炩̃p[TĂƂ܂傤B̃\[XR[h
   parser.c Ƃt@CɂȂĂA parser.h  xy.h  2 
  t@CCN[h܂BāA calc.c ƂvO̒
  parser.c ̒ɂ郋[`gȂ܂Bcalc.c  parser.h 
  CN[h܂BāAcalc.c RpCɂ͂ǂ΂
  傤?

  ̏ꍇAmakefile ƌĂ΂t@Ĉł傤B makefile
  ̓RpCɃ\[Xt@CƃIuWFNgt@C̈ˑ֌W
  B̗ł͈ȉ̂悤ɂȂ܂B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  # calc.c RpC邽߂ makefile
  # K؂ȏꏊ <TAB> L[͂邱!

  calc: calc.o parser.o
  <TAB>gcc -o calc calc.o parser.o -lm
  # calc ɂ calc.o  parser.o Kv

  calc.o: calc.c parser.h
  <TAB>gcc -c calc.c
  # calc.o ɂ 2 ̃\[Xt@CKv

  parser.o:  parser.c parser.h xy.h
  <TAB>gcc -c parser.c
  # parser.o ɂ 3 ̃\[Xt@CKv

  # łI
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ̃t@C makefile ƂOŕۑ

       $ make

  ƂƁAvORpC܂B邢 calc.mak ƂO
  ŕۑāA

       $ make -f calc.mak

  Ƃ邱Ƃ\łBڍׂɂĂ RMP ĂB

  man y[W 3 ͂ɂ C ̊֐ɂĂ̐܂B

       $ man 3 printf

  Linux ɂ͂܂܂Ȏނ̃CuJĂ܂B܂ŏɏЉ
  ׂ̓eLXg[hŊěʂo߂ ncurses CuƃO
  tBbNp svgalib ł傤BX vOɒ킷EC
  ΁AXForms Cu( bloch.phys.uwm.edu:/pub/xforms) /邢
  MGUI Cu( www.volftp.vol.it:/IT/IT/ITALIANI/MORELLO/index.htm)
  肵Ă݂܂傤B 2 ̃Cu X ł̃vO
  ȒPɂĂ܂B{[h̓ƍl
  sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/apps/editors/ ł xwpe 
  łBAD͂肻łB

  7.  c 1 %

  7.1.  z̍

  _Iɂ́ALinux  4M  RAM œ͂łAΑ
  قǁAƂ낢ȂƂł悤ɂȂ܂BX EBhE𓮂
  ɂ͍Œł 8M ̃KvłBX EBhEKɎgɂ 16M
  ̃Kvł傤BX EBhEœ{KɎgɂ́A32M 
  ~Ȃ܂B 8M ̉z(Xbvt@C)
  ɂ́A[gɂȂĈȉ̂悤ɂĂB

       # dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1024 count=8192
       # mkswap /swapfile 8192
       # sync
       # swapon /swapfile

  Ō̍s /etc/rc.d/rc.local ɉĎ͋NɃXbvt@C
  g悤ɂ܂傤B邢́A/etc/fstab Ɉȉ̂悤ɉ@
  ܂B

       /swapfile   swap   swap   defaults

  7.2.  tar &  gzip ̎g

  Unix ̐EōLgĂA[JCuƈk̂߂̃vO
  tar gzip łBtar ̓A[JCu邽߂Ɏg܂Btar  PKZIP
  ɎĂ܂Ak@\͎AA[JCut@C邾łBV
  A[JCut@Cɂ́A

       $ tar -cvf <archive_name.tar> <file> [file...]

  Ƃ܂BA[JCut@Ct@Coɂ

       $ tar -xpvf <archive_name.tar> [file...]

  Ƃ܂BA[JCut@C̒g\ɂ́A

       $ tar -tf <archive_name.tar> | less

  Ƃ܂B

  t@Ckɂ compress  gzip g܂B compress ͎x
  ̃vOłꂩ͂܂gȂȂł傤B

  t@Ckɂ͈ȉ̂悤ɂ܂B

       $ compress <file>
       $ gzip <file>

  Ŋgq .Z(compress̏ꍇ) A.gz(gzip̏ꍇ) ̈kt@C
  쐬܂B̃vO͈xɈ̃t@Ckł
  ܂Bkt@CWJɂ͈ȉ̂悤ɂ܂B

       $ compress -d <file.Z>
       $ gzip -d <file.gz>

  ڍׂɂĂ RMP 邱ƁB

  unarj  zipAunzip (PK??ZIP ݊)ƂvO
  B.tar.gz  .tgz Ƃgqt@C(tar ŃA[JCuĂ
   gzip ňkt@C) DOS  .ZIP t@Ĉ悤 Unix ̐E
  ŎgĂA[JCut@Ck`łB.tar.gz A[JCu
  ̒g\@܂B

       $ gzip -dc <file.tar.gz> | tar tf - | less

  ŋ߂GNU tarł tar Ƀt@C̈k/WJ@\g݂܂ĂA -z
  IvVǉ邱Ƃňk/WJ\łB

       $ tar -cvzf <archivename.tar.gz> file [file...]  (kăA[JCu)
       $ tar -xvzf <archivename.tar.gz> file [file...]  (kA[JCu̓WJ)
       $ tar -tzvf <archivename.tar.gz> | less          (kA[JCũXg)

  7.3.  AvP[ṼCXg[

  ܂ŏ: e\tgEFACXg[̂̓[g̎d
  BDtar.gz  .tgz ̌`ŔzzĂAvP[V͒ʏ킻
  ܂܃CXg[ł悤ɂȂĂ̂ŁA[gɂȂ / fBN
  gňȉ̂悤ɂ΃CXg[ł܂B

       # gzip -dc <file.tar.gz> | tar xvf -

  WJꂽt@C͐fBNgɃCXg[AKvȂ
  fBNgIɍ쐬܂BSlackware gĂꍇA
  pkgtool gƂ\łBARed Hat zzĂĂ
  rpm Ƃ`܂B

  / fBNg̓CXg[ׂłȂvO܂BႦ
  ΁AA[JCut@C pkgname/ ƂfBNgāA
  t@CA/邢́ATufBNg pkgname/ ȉɂ悤ȏ
  łB̃vO /usr/local ȉɃCXg[̂
  ł傤BāAC  C++ ̃\[Xt@Č`ŗʂĂ\tg
  EFA܂B̓RpCĎs`Kv܂B
  RpCƂĂAقƂǂ̏ꍇ make Ɠ͂邾łB
  Ã\tgEFACXg[ɂ gcc RpCKv
  B

  7.4.  K{̃eNjbN

  R}h̕⊮: r܂œ͂R}hɂ <TAB> L[
  ܂BႦ΁Agcc this_is_a_long_name.c Ɠׂ͂ꍇAgcc
  thi<TAB> Ƃ΁Ac͎Iɕ⊮Ăꍇ܂(
  Ŏn܂t@Cꍇ́AɊmł܂ł͂̕
  Kv܂)B

  tXN[: SHIFT + PAGE UP(ĂDF̃L[)΁Ay[W
  ʂtXN[܂By[W߂邩͎gĂrfI
  ˑ܂B

  ʂ̃Zbg: more  cat ŃoCit@C\Ă܂ƁA
  Ȃ邩m܂B̏ꍇAȉ̃R}h(͂\
  Ȃm܂)͂ĉʂZbg܂B

  echo CTRL-V ESC c RETURN

  s̐؂\: R\[̏ꍇ͎ĂBX ̏ꍇA xterm 
  ŁAKvȕ̐擪Ń}EX̍{^NbNāÂ܂ܕKv
  }EXőI܂BKvȕI΁A{^𗣂āAeL
  Xg\tɃ}EXړ܂BeLXg\tꏊ
  Ń}EX̐^̃{^(2 {^̃}EXȂΓ̃{^𓯎)
  ƁA̕ɑIeLXg\t(y[Xg) 
  Bxclipboard ƂvO܂(cOȂƂɃeLXgɂ
  Ă܂)Bxclipboard ̔͂ƂĂx̂ŁAȂȂԂ
  ĂȂĂQĂȂłB

  }EX̎g: X gȂR\[ʂŃ}EXgꍇA gpm
  Ƃ}EXhCoCXg[܂BKvȂƂ̐擪Ń}EX
  {^NbNȂKvȔ͈͂}EXőIAE{^Nb
  NΑI񂾕\܂B͈قȂ鉼zR\[Ԃł
  g܂B

  J[l̃bZ[W : J[lo͂Ă郁bZ[W
  ́A[gɂȂ/var/adm/messages  /var/log/messages Ă
  Bɂ͋ÑbZ[WۑĂ܂B

  7.5.  ɗvOƃR}h

  ȉɎXǧ͎lIȍD݂ƕKvɊÂ̂łB݂Ȃ
  ͊ɃlbgT[t̎d archie  ftp ̎gmĂł傤
  ÃvO肷ƂĈȉ Linux ɂƂĂ
  dv 3 ̃AhX܂B́A sunsite.unc.edu,
  tsx-11.mit.edu, nic.funet.fi łB

  ̃TCgɂ͑̃~[TCĝł߂̃~[TCg
  gBႦ΁Ał KDD Lab  ftp.hitachi.co.jp
  ftp.kuis.kyoto-u.ac.jpȂǂ~[TCgɂȂĂ܂B

  o  at gΎw肵ɃvOs邱Ƃł܂B

  o  awk ́AȒPł͂ȃf[^t@C(ł͂܂)
     łBႦ data.dat Ƃf[^t@CꍇA

       $ awk '$2 ~ "abc" {print $1, "\t", $4}' data.dat

  Ƃ΁Adata.dat ̊eŝA2 ڂ̃f[^ ``abc'' Ƃ
  es 1 ڂ 4 ڂ̃f[^\܂B

  o  delete-undelete ͖O̎ʂłB

  o  df ̓}EgĂfBXN̗eʂ\܂B

  o  dosemu (SĂł͂܂)܂܂ DOS ̃vOs
     \ɂ܂BX̍HvKvł Windows 3.x ܂B

  o  file <filename>  filename (AXL[eLXgt@CAs`
     AA[JCuA)\܂B

  o  find (``dir'' ̏͂Ă)͂Ƃ͂ŗLpȃR}ḧ
     ł傤B̃R}h́A܂܂ȓt@C
     āAw肵sȂ܂B find ̈ʓIȎg͈ȉ̒ʂ
     łB

       $ find <directory> <expression>

   <expression> ŒTڂ⏈@w肵܂BႦ΁A

       $ find . -type l -exec ls -l {} \;

  Ƃ΁AJgfBNgȉɂV{bNNɂȂĂ
  t@CāAꂼ̃N\܂B

       $ find / -name "*.old" -ok rm {} \;

  ̗ł ``.old'' Ƃt@Ct@Cč폜܂
  A폜ۂɊmF߂܂B

       $ find . -perm +111

  ̗ł͎sݒ肳Ăt@C܂B

       $ find . -user root

  ̗ł̓[g[UL҂̃t@C\܂B̑ɂ܂
  ܂Ȏw@܂̂ŁAڍׂɂĂ RMP ĂB

  o  gnuplot ͂܂܂ȃf[^OtDꂽvOłB

  o  grep ̓t@C̒̎w肵p^[Ɉvs\܂BႦ
     ΁A

       $ grep -l "geology" *.tex

  Ƃ΁A*.tex ̃t@ĈA``geology'' Ƃ܂ރt@C
  \܂Bzgrep  gzip `ňkt@C܂Bڍׂɂ
  Ă RMP ĂB

  o  gzexe ͎s`kAk܂܎s\ɂ܂B

  o  joe ͗DꂽGfB^łBjstar ƂR}hł̃vO
     N WordStar ₻̌p҂ł DOS {[h Turbo V
     [ỸGfB^Ɠl̃L[oCfBOł܂(cOȂ
     ̃GfB^͓{\ł܂)B

  o  less ̓eLXgŗǂ̃c[ł傤Bݒ肷΁Agzip
     ꂽt@C tar t@CAzip `̃t@CȂǂ邱Ƃ
     \łBless œ{t@C\ꍇAϐ LESSCHARSET
     Yꂸw肵ĂB

  o  lpr <file> ̓t@CobNOEhŃvg܂Bvg
     ҂s̏Ԃ`FbNɂ lpq g܂B҂s񂩂폜
     ɂ lprm g܂B

  o  mc ͂ꂽt@C}l[WłBl̃t@C}l[WƂ
     āA{̃t@Ct@Cł FD ܂B

  o  pine ͂ꂽ e-mail vOłBmnews ̓lbgj[X e-
     mail ̑oǂݏł܂B

  o  script <script_file>  ͉ʏo͂ script_file ɃRs[܂BI
     ̂ exit łBfobOɕ֗ȋ@\ł傤B

  o  sudo ͈ʃ[UɃ[g̎d\ɂ܂(Ⴆ΃fBXN
     tH[}bg}EgBڍׂ RMP ̂)

  o  uname -a ̓VXeɂĂ̏\܂B

  o  zcat  zless  gzip ňkĂeLXgt@Ck
     ܌邱Ƃł܂Bg\łB

       $ zless textfile.gz
       $ zcat textfile.gz | lpr

  o  ȉɎR}h֗łBbc, cal, chsh, cmp, cut, fmt, head,
     hexdump, nl, passwd, printf, sort, split, strings, tac, tail, tee,
     touch, uniq, w, wall, wc, whereis, write, xargs, znew eR}h
     eɂĂ RMP ĂB

  7.6.  ʓIȊgq̕tƊ֌WvO

  ȉɃtHgނ̂悤ȕGȂ̂gq̕ẗʓIȃ[
  ܂B

  o  D1 ... .8  man y[WłB邽߂ɂ man ܂B

  o  Darj  arj ōA[JCułBWJɂ unarj g
     B

  o  Ddvi  TeX (q)̏o͌`łBʂɕ\ɂ xdvi g
     B|XgXNvg` .ps ɕϊɂ dvips g܂B
     {̓ dvi t@C̏ꍇAjdvi2kps A{ꉻꂽ dvi2ps
     g܂B

  o  Dgif ̓OtBbNf[^łBɂ seejpeg  xpaint g
     BVFAEFAłA xv ͂܂܂Ȍ`̃OtBbNf[^
     \邱Ƃ\łB

  o  Dgz  gzip ōkt@CłB

  o  Dinfo  INFO `(man y[W̑ɂȂ)̃t@CłBg
     ɂ info 肵ĂB

  o  DjpgA .jpeg ̓OtBbNt@CłB\ɂseejpeg g
     ܂Bxv ł\ł܂B

  o  Dlsm  Linux Software Map ̃GgłBʏ̃eLXgt@C
     ŁÃ\tgEFAɂĐĂ܂B

  o  Dps ̓|XgXNvg`̃t@CłBʂɕ\o͂
     ɂ gs 邢 ghostview g܂B

  o  Dtgz, .tar.gz  tar ōA[JCu gzip ňkt@C
     łB

  o  Dtex  TeX ̃\[Xt@CłBTeX ͋͂ȃ^CvZbgvO
     łBTeX gɂ͗lXȎނ̂ tex pbP[WCXg[
     ĂB Slackware96 ȑÕo[WɊ܂܂Ă
     NTeX ̓tHgĂ̂Œӂ邱ƁB

  o  Dtexi  texinfo `̃t@C(info `ƔrĂ)łB
     gɂ texinfo KvłB

  o  Dxbm, .xpm, .xwd ̓OtBbNf[^łBxpaint g܂Bxv
     ł\ł܂B
  o  DZ  compress ōkt@CłB

  o  Dzip  zip kt@CłBzip  unzip 肵Ă
     B

  8.  Ƃ肠܂

  ߂łƂB Unix ̈[𒭂߂āALinux Ŏdł悤ɂ
  ܂BŏЉ̂͂ꂽmłALinux KɎg
  Ȃ悤ɂȂɂ͗KKvȂƂYȂBAKvȃ\
  tgEFAꎮ肵āAgn߂΁AŎmŏ[
  Ԃɍ͂łB

  NĂ悤 Linux y݂ȂA܂܂ȂƂwł
  ƂɂȂł傤BDOS ֖߂Kv͂͂₠܂B̕
  ƂŁAgm𐮗ł܂BႦ 3A4 lǎ҂ȂĂA
  ̕N̖ɗƂ]ł܂B

  8.1.  쌠\(Copyright)

  Unless otherwise stated, Linux HOWTO documents are copyrighted by
  their respective authors. Linux HOWTO documents may be reproduced and
  distributed in whole or in part, in any medium physical or electronic,
  as long as this copyright notice is retained on all copies. Commercial
  redistribution is allowed and encouraged; however, the author would
  like to be notified of any such distributions.

  All translations, derivative works, or aggregate works incorporating
  any Linux HOWTO documents must be covered under this copyright notice.
  That is, you may not produce a derivative work from a HOWTO and impose
  additional restrictions on its distribution. Exceptions to these rules
  may be granted under certain conditions; please contact the Linux
  HOWTO coordinator at the address given below.

  In short, we wish to promote dissemination of this information through
  as many channels as possible. However, we do wish to retain copyright
  on the HOWTO documents, and would like to be notified of any plans to
  redistribute the HOWTOs.

  If you have questions, please contact Greg Hankins, the Linux HOWTO
  coordinator, at gregh@sunsite.unc.edu via email.

  ɖĂȂALinux HOWTO W͂ꂼ̒҂쌠L
  Ă܂B̒쌠\SĂɎcĂAHOWTO W͑ŚA
  ͕IɁA镨IAdCIȕ@ŃRs[AĔzz邱Ƃ
  ܂BƓIȔzz\Ő܂Â悤ȏꍇ͒҂Ɉ
  Ă悤肢܂B

  Linux HOWTO W̖| HOWTO hA邢 HOWTO W߂
  WȂǂ̒쌠\ɏ]Kv܂BȂ킿AHOWTO h
  ꍇA̔̕zz HOWTO ̋Kɏ]AVȐ
  邱Ƃ͂ł܂B̏̂ƂŗO[u\ł̂ŁA
  ڍׂɂĂ͈ȉɎ Linux HOWTO ̃R[fBl[^֘AĂ
  B

  ȒPɌƁA͂ނ̃`lʂďL`
  ƍlĂ܂BȂAHOWTO ɂ͒쌠ݒ肵ĂA
  HOWTO zzvɂĂ͂炩ߘAĂƊĂ
  ܂B

  ^₪ Linux HOWTO ̃R[fBl[^ł Greg Hankins
  <gregh@sunsite.unc.edu> ܂ e-mail ŘAĂB

  8.2.  ӔC̕

  ``From DOS to Linux HOWTO''  Guido Gonzato guido@ibogfs.df.unibo.it
  ܂B``Linux Installation and Getting Started'' ̒ҁAMatt
  WelshA``Linux frequently asked questions with answers'' ̒ Ian
  JacksonA ``Linux'' ̒ Giuseppe Zanetti Ɋӂ܂B܂A[
  ŐFXȂƂĂꂽFɊӂ܂BƂ킯 Linux 
  Linus Torvalds  GNU Ɋӂ܂B

  ́̕û܂(as is)v̌`Œ񋟂܂B\Ȍ萳mł
  悤ɖ߂Ă܂A̕ɂgƂ͎̐ӔCŎs
  ĂB̏̕ɏ]ĐȂQɂӔC͕܂
  B

  tB[hobN}܂Bނ̃NGXgāAt[
  ǂȂǂ͎RɑĂB

  Linux ƐlyłˁB

  Guido   =8-)

