XFree86 Video Timings HOWTO
Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>
v3.6 June 1999
:  <polsci@hitel.net>
       

 ۿ ī/Ϳ  XFree86  (mode line) ϴ
 մϴ. ֱ XFree86   ǥ  ִ 
 ɵ ԵǾ ֽϴ;   ַ  ͳ  ϵ 
  (mode line) ؾϴ е鲲  Դϴ. 
, kvideogen  Ἥ  ϰų ǥظ尡 ڽ Ϳ  
 ʾƼ xvidtune  ǥظ带 ̼ϰ ؾ  ʿ䰡  
 Դϴ.



1. Ǹ 

2. Ұ

3. ڵ  

4.  ÷ ۿ

5. ÷̿  ī忡  

5.1  ļ(sync frequencies)
5.2   뿪(video band width)
5.3  ī ƮŬ(dot clock)
5.4    Ʈϴ°?

6. ⺻ (specification) ؼϱ

6.1 뿪(bandwidth) 
6.2 ļ(sync frequency) ȭ(refresh rate)

7. ý  Ÿ

8. ʿ ޸ 

9.  ũ(frame size) ϱ

10. , ׸ ޽(sync pulse)

10.1  (Horizontal sync)
10.2  (Vertical sync)

11. 

12.  (overdring your moditor)

13. ֻ(interaced mode)

14.  亯

15. ̹ õ ذ

15.1 ̹ ¿ ġĥ 
15.2 ̹ Ϸ ġĥ 
15.3 ̹ ¿ ʹ Ŭ 
15.4 ̹ ¿ аų  
15.5 ̹ Ϸ ų ª 

16.   ׷.

17. ֽ е

1. Ǹ 

   ࿩ο     åԴϴ.   
 ͸ ų     ڽſ ظ ų  ֽ
. ڼ ǻ " " κ оʽÿ.    
   Ϳ ߻  ִ ش   ڽ åԴϴ.

 HOWTO  ֽ    Ʈ(Linux Documentation Project) 
 <http://metalab.unc.edu/LDP>  ã  ֽϴ.

̳ ,   ȵ esr@snark.thyrsus.com  ֽʽÿ. û
  Ư   ذش޶ email   ֽʽÿ. ׷
  Ǹų ̰ μ ð Դϴ.     
ƴ      ֽϴ.  
   
2. Ұ

XFree86  Ἥ  ý ߸ ϸ ϵ ɷ ִ  
 ֽϴ.   ī Ϳ ȭ Ÿ̹ ġ ϴ 
 մϴ.

켱,  ý ۵Ű  ϰ,    ⺻ÿ 
  ´ ȭ  ɶ    մϴ.

 尡    ϱ ϴµ ణ  ִ (Ư, ǥ
 VESA 忡  ȭ  ϴµ ȭ ¿ ġƴٵ 
 ũų  ), ٷ "̹ õ ذ"  ǳʶٽñ ٶϴ. 
  Ÿ̹ ġ ̼(tweak)Ͽ Ư ȿ   մ
.

X  ġؼ ó ۽  ù ȭ ̶ ؼ  Ʃ׹ 
  ʿ ϴ; κ ǥ    μ  
Ʈ   Ѱ  ϵ      찡 ϴ. Ʃ
׹  ϴ  CTRL-ALT-(Űе Ű)+ Ű Ἥ  ġ 
  ʽÿ.       Ѵٸ  ٸ 
  ּó صΰ 640x480 常   ϴ Ȯϼ.  
ϸ  800x600 ̳ 1024x768    Ͱ ó ļ 
 ϳϳ üũ ʽÿ.

3. ڵ  

XFree86 3.2 ʹ XF86Setup α׷  ˴ϴ.  α׷  
ڰ ȭ   带   Ƿ ռ  Ÿ̹ ڸ 
ϴ Ӹ  ʿ䰡 ϴ.  ǻ κ 쿡 ־ 
  带    ʿ  Դϴ.  ϰԵ XF86
Setup   Ѱ谡 ֽϴ;  α׷ 1280x1024  ǥ  
常 ˰ Դϴ.  1600x1200 ̻ ʰ ͸  ִٸ 
׶  ⺻带 ռ ؾ߸ մϴ.

KVideoGen <http://without.netpedia.net/kvideogen/> ̶ KDE   Ϳ 
ī ⺻ġκ  ݴϴ. ڴ  KVideoGen  
 ε غýϴٸ   ߽ϴ.     '
 Ʈ' Ķ͵ Ʒ   ļ HSF  VSF   
Դϴ. '  ޽' ڴ ũμ  ޽  HSP  
  ϴ(KVideoGen  'front porch' HGT1  'back porch' HGT2  
 մϴ).  '  ޽' ġ 𸥴ٸ Ʈ    
 Դϴ.
 
ֱ  XFree86  xvidtune ̶  Ἥ  ϰ  
 ׽Ʈ ƩҼ ֽϴ.  α׷ ù ȭ鿡 ߸   
  ù  ϴٸ    ؼ xvidtune ڽ
 ڵ ǹϴ ٸ Ȯ ˰Եȴٸ xvidtune α׷ ȿ ڽ
ְ    Դϴ.

xvidtune  ϸ X  ȭ ϰų  X   ʰ
 ٷ ο 带 غ  ֽϴ(ڼ  XFree86.man  ʽ
). , ̿ ٸ μ, XFree86  Xconfig ȭϿ ǵ  
 Ű ȯ  ֽϴ.   Ἥ ȭ   Ȳ 
! ο 带 ׽Ʈ   忡  ̸ ٿ Ű Ʈ 
 ߰Űʽÿ. ̹  ϴ 带 Ʈ Ƶ , ׽Ʈ 尡 
  Ű Ἥ   ƿø ˴ϴ.

  κп 'modeplot' ũƮ ֽϴ. ̸ ̿ϸ 밡
  ׷ ׷  ֽϴ.  ũƮ    
 ʽϴٸ ο   ϴµ   Դϴ.
 
4.  ÷ ۿ

Xconfig ȭ  ʵ忡  ġ ־ ϴ ˰ʹٸ  ÷
 ۿ ؾ߸ մϴ.  ġ XFree86   ؿ 
÷̸ Ʈ  ˴ϴ.

÷̴ (dot) Ͽ ȭ ϴ. (dot) ʿ  
迭ν  մϴ.   Ʒ 迭ν ȭ 
մϴ. ÷̳ ں Ʈ εġ  Ʈ  մϴ. 
   ȭ ֻϸ鼭  Ʈ  ðŭ  ˴ϴ.

  ũ   ؼ   ̵ϰ ũ
   ϸ     Ʒ  ưϴ.  
  ٽ ʿ  ֻ˴ϴ.   ȭ     
Ҷ ݺǸ, ϴ   ϸ  ٽ  ֻ 
ưϴ. ̷   Ǯ̵Ǵ Դϴ.

̷  Ѱ  ִµ ̴ ͷ̽ ̶ Դϴ; ͷ
 Ŀ    پ ǳʶٸ  ֻǰ     
 ٵ  ξ ä ϴ.

ȭ  ֻܺ ϴ   ̶ մϴ.   
  ϴܿ ߴٰ ٽ  ó ġ ƿ ϴ. , 
  ȭ ܿ ϴܱ  ֻ  ε Ǵ 
ϴ.

 ں    ٰ ִٸ ȭ  Ʈ  
 Դϴ. ̷ ȴٸ ȭ ڸ  ׵θκе  Դϴ. ׷
   κ ȭ Ʋ̰ ˴ϴ. ÷ ڸ κп 
 Ʈϴ    ̱ Դϴ. ̷ ְ ̱ 
 ȭ κ Ʈ  δϴ ߱ ʰ سҽϴ. ȭ
   κ ٷ װԴϴ. ̷  ÷ ȭ鿡 
 ִ Դϴ.

ϼž Ǵٸ ߿   ȭ κп ߴٸ ״ 
 Ǵ° ϴ Դϴ. ȭ  κб   ٽ پƷ 
ʳ ƿ Ǵµ ̶ ణ ð ʿմϴ.  ȭ ϴ
   ٽ   ƿ Ǵµ ̶ ణ ð ʿմ
.

  ī ں ߻Ű ȣ(signal) ÷ ġ 
 ÷ ġ ̸ ޾ ȭ ϴ. 򵿱ȣ ޽   
  پƷ  ó ƿ ˴ϴ. 򵿱޽  
 Ѱ ߻մϴ. , ȣ    ֻ ƿ
 ˴ϴ. ȣ   κп ߻մϴ.

÷ ں ġ  ȮǱ ؼ , ȣ 
յڷ ª ణ ð ʿմϴ.   ϸ ȭ Ҿ 
ϴ.

  ̷  ׵鿡  , ,  ٷڽϴ.

5. ÷̿ Ϳ  ⺻ ͵

Xconfig   ׸ ŷϱ   ⺻ ׵ ˰ ־߸ մ
. 

- ϴ  ,  ļ ɼ
-  뿪(bandwidth)
-    Ŭ ļ,  Ʈ Ŭ

5.1  ļ

  ļ Ͱ ʿ  ĵ ̳ ֻҼ ִ° 
մϴ;  ġ  Ϳ ־  ߿ ġԴϴ.   ļ 
ʿ   ̳ ȾҼ ִ°Դϴ. 

ļ    κп ֽϴ.   ļ 
 KHz,  ļ ַ Hz (ʴ Ŭ) ǥմϴ. ļ 
 50-150 Hz ̳̰ ļ  31-135 KHz ̳Դϴ.

Ƽũ    ļ  ġ ƴ   ǥõ˴
. ݸ Ϻ ͵, Ư  ͵鿡  ļ   
  Դϴ.     ٲٴ  ϱ մϴٸ  
ü Ѱ     Ƽũ Ϳ  ũ پϴ.  
 ػ󵵸    ļ ϼ ---   ļ 
 Ϳ  庸  ǵ  Ŭ ų  
Ͱ  ջ  ִٴ Դϴ.

 ħ ʱ  밨ϰ Ƽũ ͸ ׾ϴ. 
       ļ ִ밪ٵ    
͸ ״ Դϴ. ̿    ʿ䰡  ޾ҽϴ. 
 ؼ " " ٷڽϴ.

5.2   뿪

  뿪    κп ֽϴ.  ȳ 
ִٸ   ְ ػ κ . ָԱ Դϴٸ  
ػ󵵸 뷫 뿪 ȯ Դϴ(ÿ ̴ 밡 ƮŬ 
뷫 Ѱ̱⵵ մϴ).
 
640x480 25 MHz
800x600 36 MHz
1024x768 65 MHz
1024x768 interlaced 45 MHz
1280x 1024 110 MHz
1600x1200 185 MHz

 ġ   ƴմϴ. XFree86  ǥظ  ̽ ִ 
 ػ󵵺   ƮŬ Դϴ.(,   ڰ  Դ
).

  뿪 Ƹ  ּҰٴ  ū  Դϴ.  
  MHz   ƮŬ Ѵؼ ׸ ̸ ʿ ϴ.

 뿪 65 MHz   ƮŬ ū  Ű ʽϴ. 
κ ػ  , SVGA ī   뿪 Ѱ谪 
ξ ġ  Ǳ Դϴ.  .

                                      뿪
-----------------------------------------------------------
NEC 4D                                          75 MHz
Nano 907a                                       50 MHz
Nano 9080i                                      60 MHz
Mitsubishi HL6615                               110 MHz
Mitsubishi Diamond Scan                         100 MHz
IDEK MF-5117                                    65 MHz
IOCOMM Thinksync-17 CM-7126                     136 MHz
HP D1188A                                       100 MHz
Philips SC-17AS                                 110 Mhz
Swan SW617                                      85 MHz
Viewsonic 21PS                                  185 MHz
PanaSync/Pro P21                                220 MHz

  Ͷ  κ  ǥػ󵵿 ɰ 뿪  
Ű ʽϴ. NEC Multsync II ʹ  Դϴ ---  ʹ 
ε  800x600 ȭ  մϴ. ܿ 800x560 ۿ  
մϴ. ̿Ͱ ػ󵵿  ƮŬ  ʿ  뿪 ̻
ʿ Դϴ. Ƹ  Ҽ ִ  32Mhz  36 Mhz ٵ 
Ѵ    뿪 30 Mhz  ũ   ƴմϴ.

 ΰ ļ ¼ ȭ Ѹŭ    ֽϴٸ и
     Դϴ.  NEC Multisync II  36 MHz   
 뿪 ߴ   Դϴ.  ̹ ְ ų 
 ȭ   ƴ϶ ؽƮ ۾ Ϲ 뵵 µ  
  Դϴ( ȭ   ڴٸ     ˷ְ
).

5.3 ī ƮŬ

,  ī ޴ κп  ī ƮŬ(ʿ ȭ鿡 
Ҽ ִ ȼ ) ִ밪 ֽϴ.

  ġ 𸥴ٸ X  ãƳ ֽϴ. ֱ  X  
 --probeonly ɼ ؼ X  簡ϰų  带 ٲ ʰ 
  ݴϴ.

 -probeonly  ص Ǹ ʿ ϴ. ־  X   
Ͱ  ȴٰ ϴ X  Ŭ  ׿ ٸ  ǥ  
  ֽϴ. ̸ ȭϷ 𷺼 صθ Ͱ  Ǿ  Ҽ 
ۿ  ˾Ƴ  ȭϿ ״ ǰ ˴ϴ.

probe  statup ޽   Դϴ.

XFree86   :


  Xconfig: /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/Xconfig
  (**) stands for supplied, (--) stands for probed/default values
  (**) Mouse: type: MouseMan, device: /dev/ttyS1, baudrate: 9600
  Warning: The directory "/usr/andrew/X11fonts" does not exist.
           Entry deleted from font path.
  (**) FontPath set to "/usr/lib/X11/fonts/misc/,/usr/lib/X11/fonts/75dpi/"
  (--) S3: card type: 386/486 localbus
  (--) S3: chipset:   924
                      ---
      Chipset -- this is the exact chip type; an early mask of the 86C911

  (--) S3: chipset driver: s3_generic
  (--) S3: videoram:  1024k
                      -----
           Size of on-board frame-buffer RAM

  (**) S3: clocks:  25.00  28.00  40.00   3.00  50.00  77.00  36.00  45.00
  (**) S3: clocks:   0.00   0.00  79.00  31.00  94.00  65.00  75.00  71.00
                    ------------------------------------------------------
                                Possible driving frequencies in MHz

  (--) S3: Maximum allowed dot-clock: 110MHz
                                      ------
                                     Bandwidth
  (**) S3: Mode "1024x768": mode clock =  79.000, clock used =  79.000
  (--) S3: Virtual resolution set to 1024x768
  (--) S3: Using a banksize of 64k, line width of 1024
  (--) S3: Pixmap cache:
  (--) S3: Using 2 128-pixel 4 64-pixel and 8 32-pixel slots
  (--) S3: Using 8 pages of 768x255 for font caching


SGCS  X/inside X   :


WGA: 86C911 (mem: 1024k clocks: 25 28 40 3 50 77 36 45 0 0 79 31 94 65 75 71)
---  ------       -----         --------------------------------------------
 |     |            |                 Possible driving frequencies in MHz
 |     |            +-- Size of on-board frame-buffer RAM
 |     +-- Chip type
 +-- Server type


: ϸ ӽſ ٸ ϰ  ¿ ϼ. ֳϸ X   
α׷̱  X  Ÿ̹  ũ ۾ ÿ ̷ų 
Ѵٸ  ġ ü Ȯ  ֱ Դϴ.  ȸ   
 ġ    ȮϽʽÿ;    ߳ϴٸ 
    ٸ μ ׿. 콺  μ 
 ִٸ ̸ ׿. 콺  Ư  ް  
(   gpm, SVr4 ڵ mousemgr Դϴ).

Ŭ Ȯ  Ϸ   ġ  Xconfig ȭ 
Clocks Ӽ κп ־ մϴ --- ̴ Ÿ̹  Ű X  Ȯ 
Ŭ ϰ ϴ.    ͸ ϸ  ϴ.


  wga
          Clocks  25 28 40 3 50 77 36 45 0 0 79 31 94 65 75 71


 پ ϸ ޴ ý  ˼  X   ʴ 찡 Ȥ 
ִµ ̷ Ŭġ ָ ̸   ֽϴ. Ȥ ý Ϸ 
ؼ X  ߸ Ÿ̹ ν ,  ͺ̽ ׿ شϴ 
ƮŬ ã ų ߸ ƮŬ ã  ֱ Դϴ.

5.4    Ʈ ϴ°?

 ī ƮŬ  ļ 뿪 밡 ñ ػ󵵸 
ϴ.  ̴ ̹ ϵ ɷ 󸶳  ִ
 ޷ ֽϴ.  ϵ Ǿ ϴ ׿ ϴ  
̽ ̹ ٸ  Ұմϴ. ݸ 뼺  ̽ ̹
     ϵ   ̶  ų
 ֽϴ. ̰ XFree86   öԴϴ.

  ƮŬ   뿪 ĪѾ մϴ.  κп
    ֽϴ. --  ͵  뿪 30 % ̻ 
ؼ ų  ֽϴ.  輺 δ  ǥ   ļ
 󸶸ŭ ų ִ° ޷ ֽϴ. ̿  ڿ  ڼ  
ô.

뿪  ˰ԵǸ      ֽϴ. ̴ ÷ ȭ
, Ư   ټ ִ Դϴ.

6. ⺻  ؼϱ

   ޵ (specification) ǹ  ׿ ˾ƾ  ͵ 
մϴ.   Ǹ ϸ ȣӿ  꿡   
ϴ.


  ļ(horizontal sync frequency, HSF)
 : ʴ  ĵ( ߽ϴ)

  ļ(vertical sync frequency, VSF)
 : ʴ  ĵ( ߽ϴ). ȭ鰻 Ѱ ǹǷ ߿մϴ.

ƮŬ(dot clock, DCF)
 :   ϸ " Ŭ ļ(driving clock frequency)"Դϴ.   
ī ũŻ̳ VCO  Ҽ ִ ʴ ִ Ʈ մϴ. 

 뿪(video bandwidth, VB)
 : Ϳ Է  ȭ   ִ ļ ִġԴϴ.  ī
尡 ¿  Ű (: ͷ̽ )   ļ 
DCF  ݰ ǹǷ, 뿪 Ѱ  ̷л DCF/2  ۵˴ϴ. 
  ȭ ÷̸ ؼ 뿪  DCF  ְġ   
  ٶ  ǵ 뿪      ϴ.

  (frame length, HFL, VFL)
 :   (HFL)    Ѱ ĵϴµ ʿ 
ƮŬ ƽ(tick)  մϴ. ⿡ ¿ 迡 ߱κб 
˴ϴ.  ӱ(VFL) ü ȭ鿡 ĵ  ϴµ  
ϴ  ߱ κб Ե Դϴ.

ȭ (screen refresh rate, RR)
 : ȭ ʴ ̳ Ǯ̵Ǿ ׷ մϴ. ٸ   
Ʈ(frame rate) Ҹ⵵ մϴ. ļ  øĿ() پ 
    ϴ. 60 Hz  ϴ. VESA ǥ 72 Hz 
  ϴ.   ϴ.

RR = DCF / (HFL * VFL)

  и κ μ   ػ󵵿ʹ ٸ μ  
׺ ū ˴ϴ. ̿  ڼ  Ʒ ٷڽϴ.

ͷ̽ 忡 ǥǴ ȭ (  87Hz interaced) δ 
ӿ  Դϴ. ü ȭ ġ  ÷̶ ϰ 
Դϴٸ    ļ ͷ̽    󵵷 
Ǵ Դϴ.

 Ǹ  ͷ̽ ȭ Ǯ(refresh)Ʈ ȯϿ 
ڽϴ. , 87 Hz interlaced  43.5 Hz Դϴ. ͷ̽  ȭ 
 Ǯ Ʈ ͷ̽  ȭ ϴٸ,  
ӷ ͷ̽  ȭٴ и ϴ(: 87 Hz in
teraced  43.5 Hz non-interaced ٴ ȭ  87 Hz non-interaced ٴ 
ȭ ڴٴ Դϴ).
      
6.1 뿪 

 ü 뿪 ٰ ϱ⸦ ϴµ   뿪 ȭ
 intensity  ÷ȭ  ¿ϱ Դϴ.  뿪  
 ǥ ϰ մϴ.

ʹ  ȣ(signal) Ͽ ȭ մϴ. ׷ ñ׳ 
Ÿ ¿ Ƴα ȣ ȯǸ鼭 ̺ ° Ǿ Ϳ Է
˴ϴ.  ȣ  ļ ȣ øǾ ϳ ¸ ̷ 
ϴ.  ȣ κ MHz   ļ ϴ.   20 MHz, 
40 MHz, 70 MHz  ȣ ϳ յ Դϴ.   뿪̶ 
ǻ Ͱ ְ óҼ ִ   ļ Ƴα ȣ Դ
. 

 뿪 츮 밡   ƮŬ ϴµ ־  
  մϴ.

6.2  ļ 

ȭ  ĵ    ߿   κп ش 
Դϴ. Ѽ   ٰ ġ ũ󿡴 ǻ  ߱ϰ 
 Դϴ. ٸ װ         
ȿ  ڽ ̹ ü  ִٰ "" Դϴ.  ׸ 
 ǰڱ.

       _______________________
      |                       |     
      |->->->->->->->->->->-> |     
      |                      )|     
      |<-----<-----<-----<--- |      
      |                       |    
      |                       |
      |                       |
      |                       |
      |_______________________|

      򵿱ļ  ں  ׸ó ¿ 1ʿ ̳ 
      Ⱦϴ° Դϴ.

       

       _______________________
      |        ^              |     
      |       ^ |             |     
      |       | v             |     
      |       ^ |             |     
      |       | |             |     
      |       ^ |             |
      |       | v             |
      |       ^ |             |
      |_______|_v_____________|


      ļ  ں  ׸ó Ϸ 1ʿ ̳
      Ⱦϴ° Դϴ.


 ͽĵ ſ    ˴ϴ.  ¿ ̸ 
 Ϸε ̵մϴ. 

 츮 Ʈ Ŭ  ̰  Ʈ   ִ ˼ 
ֽϴ. ǿ ϸ 1 Hz  ʴ  Ŭ ǹմϴ.  ӱ̸ H
FL ̶ ϰ  ̸ VFL ̶ ϸ ü ȭ (HFL * VFL) ƽ  
Դϴ. ǿ   ī ʴ DCF ŭ ƽ ͷ ԷϹǷ 
 ں ȭ ʿ  ֻϰ ȭ ϴܱ ٰ ٽ 
 ƿ ۵ 1 ʿ DCF / (HFL * VFL) ŭ ݺϴ Դϴ. ̰
 ٷ ȭ  ƮԴϴ. ֳϸ  Ʈ ũ ʴ 
ȸ ŵǴ° ϴ ̱ Դϴ. 

   ؾ øĿ(ȭ) ִ  ػ󵵸   ֽ
. ٴ ׸ ׷  ڽϴ.

          RR                                      VB
           |   min HSF                     max HSF |
           |    |             R1        R2  |      |
  max VSF -+----|------------/----------/---|------+----- max VSF
           |    |:::::::::::/::::::::::/:::::\     |
           |    \::::::::::/::::::::::/:::::::\    |
           |     |::::::::/::::::::::/:::::::::|   |
           |     |:::::::/::::::::::/::::::::::\   |
           |     \::::::/::::::::::/::::::::::::\  |
           |      \::::/::::::::::/::::::::::::::| |
           |       |::/::::::::::/:::::::::::::::| |
           |        \/::::::::::/:::::::::::::::::\|
           |        /\:::::::::/:::::::::::::::::::|
           |       /  \:::::::/::::::::::::::::::::|\
           |      /    |:::::/:::::::::::::::::::::| |
           |     /     \::::/::::::::::::::::::::::| \
  min VSF -+----/-------\--/-----------------------|--\--- min VSF
           |   /         \/                        |   \
           +--/----------/\------------------------+----\- DCF
             R1        R2  \                       |     \
                            min HSF                |    max HSF
                                                   VB


̰ Ϲ   ̾׷Դϴ. X  ŬƮ(DCF), Y  
(RR) Ÿϴ. ̾׷ ä   ɷ Ÿ
:    Ư ػ  Ӹ ϰ ֽϴ. 

`R1' `R2' ̸  Ư ػ( 640x480) Ÿϴ: ̵ 
ϳ ػ󵵰 ƮŬ  پ   Ǵ 
ϰ ֽϴ. R2  R1 ζ  ػ󵵸 մϴ.

Ʒ  ѷ ε ܼ 輱 ̸ ļ Ѱ谪
 ϰ ֽϴ.  뿪 ŬƮ Ѱ̹Ƿ  ɷ 
Ÿ     ǥǾϴ.

"  ׷"   ͸  ̷ ̾׷ 
׷ִ α׷(X 󿡼 ׷  ϴ) Ұϰ Ѱ  ִ 
 մϴ:   ļ Ѱ谪κ 谪 ϴ Դϴ.

7. ý  Ÿ 

   ٸ  ؼ  ֽϴ.

DCF = RR * HFL * VFL

, ƮŬ  Դϴ. ʴ Ʈ  ÷ Ʈ   
ػ󵵸   ֽϴ.   Ѱ  ϸ ٸ  ϰ 
 Դϴ. 

 ָؾ    Ʈ   ִ  ļ 
 Ŭ  ٴ Դϴ.   ͵ Ư ƮŬ ־  
  ּҰ ϰ Ǹ   ̻ ߴ  Ұ Դϴ. 

    Ͻʽÿ: RR ʹ   ̿  ũ 
Ŀ   ׸ ɰԴϴ.

Ʋ  60 Hz ̸  Ʈ    Դϴ. 
 øĿƮ 60 Hz Դϴ;  øĿ ΰ ̶ VESA  
ü ǥ 72 Hz   ʿ䰡 ֽϴ.
 
 ΰ ̶   ְ    ٸ ص øĿ 
  Ƿθ ݴϴ.   ͸ 90 %  þ߰   
̿  Ǵ  ϸ鼭 ų ߰ intensity  ٸ 45 Hz 
  ļ    ֽϴ.

    ˴ϴ;    Xterm   foreground 
  մϴ. -bg white, -fg black ɼ Դϴ. ׸ â ִ 
ȮϿ ȭ ü äϴ.   intensity  ִ밪 3/4  
 ͸ ܸմϴ. ͸   ϴ( ΰ ʽýŰ 
ڴ Դϴ). øĿ  ϰų ߵ ϴٸ   Ʈ
 ſ ˸ Դϴ. ϴٸ    Ʈ ϼ. 
׳   ƺδ ϴ ִµ µ øĿ  Ƿθ ߽
   Ű  ֽϴ.

ͷ̽ 忡 øĿ   ļ ȭ ǥ 
   ޽ϴ. ϴ  . ׷ 85Hz  ӷƮ 
   ̴ϴ.

  밡 ּ  Ʈ Ҵٰ սô. HFL  VFL  
ϴµ ־ ټҰ 緮  ֽϴ.

8. ʿ ޸ .

   󸶸ŭΰ  ÷ Ȥ  ÷̿ ػ󵵰 
ѵ˴ϴ. κ , ׷   ʴ  ÷ 쿡 
  ū   ʽϴ. 

256 ÷ ÷̿ Ʈ ϳ ǥϴ   Ʈ  ޸
 ʿմϴ. 256 ÷ ÷̿ ־  Ʈ  Ʈ Ѱ , , 
û պ   ϴ. ʿ ޸ ѷ ϱ ؼ 
 õƮ  ö  ϸ ˴ϴ. 1024x768 ػ ÷̿
 1024 x 768 = 786432  ȭ õƮ Դϴ. ,  Ʈ  
Ʈ ʿϹǷ 786432 Ʈ ŭ ޸𸮰  ī忡 ʿ Դϴ.

, Ϲ øؼ (HR * VR)/1024 Kbyte    ʿ Դϴ
(  Ȯ 768K ˴ϴ). ʿ Ȯ 纸    ޸𸮸 
 ִٸ  иŭ  ũ panning   ֽϴ. 

  ī忡 512k  ִٸ 1024x768 ؼ  ϴ.   
͸  ִٰ ϴ    ٸ  ɷ  
̿ ϴ Դϴ. ݸ, SVGA ī尡 1 M   ־ Ͱ ⲯ
 800X600 ۿ  Ѵٸ  ػ󵵴 Ұ Դϴ( 
 ֱ մϴ. "ֻ(interaced mode)"  ).

ʿ ŭ ޸𸮺     ִٰ ؼ  ʿ ϴ; 
XFree86    ޸𸮸 Ͽ ȭ ũ  ֽϴ(Xconfig 
ȭ  ȭ鿡  Ķ κ ). , 512k byte ޸𸮸 
 ī δ 512,000 byte    ƴ϶  Ͻʽÿ. 512
x 1024= 524288 byte   Դϴ. 

 S3 ī带  ְ X/inside  ٸ, 16 ÷(ȼ 4bit)   Xc
onfig  depth 4  ؼ ī尡 ٷ ִ ػ 2 ػ󵵸   
ֽϴ.   S3 ī  1024x768x256 մϴ. ̸ depth 4  
Ἥ 1280x1024x16    ִ Դϴ.

9.  ũ 

:   Ƽũ ͸  Դϴ.   ļ  
Ϳ ص  ư մϴٸ ̿   嵵  ʽϴ!

밡   HSF  DCF     ̸  ͺ 
ϴ.

  65 MHz ƮŬ sigma legend SVGA   ְ ʹ  ĵ
ļ 55KHz  սô. ̶ (DCF/HSF)   1181 Դϴ(65MHz = 65000kHz : 65
000/55=1181). 

 ù°  ηô.  ġ 8     ڷ ݿø 
ؾ մϴ. ̴ SVGA  S3 ī忡 Ǵ VGA ϵ Ʈѷ õ 
Դϴ; Ʈѷ  3 bit Ʈ 8 bit  ϳ ϹǷ ᱹ 
11 bit Դϴ. ATI 8514/A  Ϻ ī  8   ʿ ϴٸ 
ڴ  𸣸 ̷ ݿø شٰ ؼ  Ǵ  ƴմϴ.  
밡  ӱ̸ 1176  ݽô.
 
 ġ(DCF/HSF    8  ݿø ) 밡 HFL   
ҰԴϴ. ޽ ؼ HSF  ߸ HFL     ֽϴ
(HFL  Ŀ ũ Ʈ   ˴ϴ).   񰡷 ø
Ŀ  ϰ ˴ϴ.

 ,   80 %  ػ,   ĵ 
κ   ֽϴ(: ׷ϱ  ӱ̰  ȭ鿡 
  ƴϰ   Ϻθ ػ󵵷 ̴ Դϴ).  
ڸ ĵο κа  Ÿ ԵǴ Դϴ( Ÿ
̶      ٽ   ƿµ ɸ ð 
ϴ).   944 ƽԴϴ. 

 Ϲ 4:3 ũ(aspect ratio)  ؼ  ػ󵵸  
 ػ 3/4  ؾ մϴ.   708 ƽ ˴ϴ. 
 1.05  ϸ VFL  743 ƽ ϴ(:   1.05   𸣰ڱ
).

4:3 ̶     ƴմϴ: ȭ ִ ̿ϱ  ̿ 
  ϰڴٰ ؼ   ϴ.  ̿  ̸ 
  ǻ 밢 ϴ. 밢 ̿ 0.8  ϸ ̸  0.6 
 ϸ ̸ ϴ.

, HFL = 1176 ̰ VFL= 743 Դϴ. 65 MHz  μ   74.4 Hz 
     ϴ. Ǹ! ̴ VESA ǥغٵ  
Դϴ!  944x708   ǰ ̴  ̵  800X600 ٵ  
Դϴ.    ϴ.

 ư  Ʈ 76Hz  ų ֽϴ. 밳 ͵ 
  ļ 2 khz     ϸ,  VFL  ټ
(,   944  75%   ) ߾  ϱ Դϴ. 
 ̷ "" Ͻñ  ϴٸ    76 Hz  
(sync)Ҽ ִ ȮϽñ ٶϴ(  ̵  NEC 4D   
Ұմϴ.  ʹ  75 Hz  VSF  մϴ. ̿  ڼ 
 " " κ ).

ݱ     ÷  ׻̾ϴ. 
 𿡵 ϴ!

10. , ׸  ޽

ϴ.    ƮŬ  HFL/VFL ġ ߰  
 ˾Ƴ,  ػ󵵸     ִ Ȯ
߽ϴ.    η ô ---   ޽ ġѾ 
 ˾ƾ մϴ. 

޽ ǻ  ,  ĵ ļ Ʈմϴ.  
 HSF, VSF  ǥμ ļ 뷫 ְԴϴ.  ī忡
 µǴ ޽  󸶳   ֻؾ ϴ Ϳ 
ϴ. 

Ʊ ΰ ׸ Ͻó?   ͽĳϴµ  ð 
 Ϻθ ȭ(, ȭػ) µ ˴ϴ. 


10.1  


ռ ǿ  ĵ ֻǴ  HFL ŭ ƽ ʿմϴ. 
ȭ ϴ ƽ  HR(horizontal screen resolution) ̶ սô.  
ǿ  HR < HFL  иմϴ. Ȯ ظ  Ʒ   
 ۵Ǵ ׸ ׷ҽϴ. 



    |___ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
    |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _                |
    |_______________________|_______________|_____
    0                       ^               ^     unit: ticks
                            |   ^       ^   |
                            HR  |       |  HFL
                            |   |<----->|   |
                            |<->|  HSP  |<->|
                            HGT1         HGT2


 츮 HSP  ŭ ޽  ׸ó ġؾ մϴ. , ȭ 
ϴ  Ŭ ƽ κа ü  Ŭ ƽ   򰡿 
HSP   ޽  ġؾ ϴ Դϴ. ֳı? ̷ ؾ߸ ȭ 
̳  ġġ ʰ  ȭ   ġ  
 Ǵ Դϴ. 

, ޽ յڷ  30 ƽ "ð(guard time)" ݽô.  ̴ HG
T1  HGT 2  ǥմϴ. Ϲ  HGT1  HGT2   ʽϴٸ 
 ̴ܰ ӽ÷ ϴ   صΰ  սô(, 
 ߾ӿ ġŲ Դϴ)

޽ ߸ ġŰ ̹  ġ ϴ.  κ 
ġ а ݴʿ ̹ ũ  øǾ   
  "ghost image"  ϴ.   ļ ߸ ġŰ
 ġ V-hold  ߸  TV ó ȭ  ö ϴ(ǻ TV  
 Դϴ)

 ٸ   ޽  κп  ̴ϴ.  
ʴٸ  ¥  η ô... 

 κп  ؾ մϴ.  κ , ũ޽ 
  3.5-4.0 usec (microsecond)  ϸ մϴ.

Ȯ ϱؼ HSP  3.8 usec սô( ׸   ƴմϴ)
.

  65 MHz  Ŭ Ÿ̹ ϸ HSP  247 (= 65 * 10^6 * 3.8 * 1
0^-6) Ŭ ƽ Ǵ  ˼ ֽϴ(M = 10^6, micro = 10^-6 Դϴ).

Ϻ ü   Ķ͵ Ʈ   Ÿ̹ ǥմ
.       ֽϴ.

active time (HAT) :

HR  شϴ  и(milliseconds)Դϴ. HAT * DCF = HR.

blanking time (HBT) :

(HFL - HR)  شϴ μ и Դϴ. (HBT * DCF) = (HFL - HR).

front porch (HFP) : HGT1  ϴ.

sync time : HSP  ϴ.

back porch (HBP) : HGT2  ϴ.

10.2  

 ׸ ư ô.  ؾ 247 Ŭ ƽ ׸ó ġų 
? 

츮  HR  944 ̰ HFL  1176 Դϴ   ̴ 1176 - 944 = 23
2 < 247 Դϴ! и   ʿϱ.   ľ ұ?

ù°  1176 1184  ̰ 944  936  ߴ Դϴ.  1184 
- 936 = 248  Ǿϴ. ,  . 

 , HSP  ϴµ ־ 3.8  3.5  մϴ; ׷ 6.5 * 3.5 = 2
27  ϴ. ξ .  248 227  ׸  ġ ƴմ
.   30 Ŭ  ƽ SP   HR ̿ ʿϰ,   ŭ
 SP   HFL ̿ ʿմϴ. ׸   ݵ 8  迩 
ϴ!  ɱ? 

ƴմϴ. غô. 936 % 8 = 0, (936 + 32) % 8 = 0.  936 + 32 = 968, 968 
+ 227 = 1195, 1195 + 32 = 1227. ,   ׸  ʱ.    
8  谡 ƴϹǷ ̰ 1232  ݿø عô.

  츮   Ȱ Ǿϴ.  ޽ ̻ h  H 
 ߾ӿ Ȯ ġ ʰ Ǿϴ.  ⸦ ε 1232 
- 32 = 1200 ̰ ̰  8  Դϴ. (1232 - 32) - 968 = 232  3.57 usec 
 ũ޽ ߴٰ   ġ մϴ. 3.57   
̱. 

Դٰ 936/1232 = 0.76,  76% Դϴ. 80%  ׸   ƴϹǷ   
ϴ. 

    ̸ ϸ, ⺻ ͷ Ͽ 52.7 Khz 
(= 65 MHz / 1232)  ޽ ߻Ű ϴ Դϴ.     
ɷ¹  Դϴ. ƹ  ϴ.

 ߴ Ģ ϸ, 936 * 75% = 702,   츮 ο  
ػ Դϴ. 702 * 1.05 = 737, 츮 ο   Դϴ. 

ũ ÷ 65 MHz / (737 * 1232) = 71.6 Hz. ̰    Դ
. 

 ޽ ׸ ׷  ϴ.

     |___ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
     |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _                |
     |_______________________|_______________|_____
     0                      VR              VFL     unit: ticks
                             ^   ^       ^
                             |   |       |
                             |<->|<----->|
                              VGT    VSP

츮  ÷  ƽ   ޽ ߽ϴ. VGT  
 ð̶ μ ޽ ʿմϴ. κ ͵ VGT  0
 ( ð ) ̹Ƿ 츮  ׷ ߽
ϴ.  ͵ ð 2-3 ƽ ʿ ϴ    2-3 ƽ 
شٰ ؼ   ʽϴ. 

  ô.   ǿ   ƽ ϳ   ϳ 
 ֻǴµ ɸ ðԴϴ.  츮    1232 / 65 MHz = 
18.95 us Դϴ.

    ޽ 50 - 300 us  ̳ ־ մϴ.  
 150 us  غô.    8  Ŭƽ ˴ϴ (150 us / 18.95 us = 8)

Ϻ ü  Ÿ̹ Ķ͵ Ʈ  Ÿ̹ ǥմϴ. 
     ֽϴ.

active time (VAT) :

VR  شϴ  и Դϴ. VAT * VSF = VR.

blanking time (VBT) :

(VFL -VR)  شϴ  и Դϴ. VBT * VSF = (VFL - VR).

front porch (VFP) : VGT  ϴ.

sync time : VSP  ϴ.

back porch (VBP) :

  ޽ ι° ð ϴ.  0 Դϴ.

11. 

Xconfig ȭϳ  忡  ġ Ǿ ֽϴ.   ϳ
 带 Ÿϴ.   ̸ , Ŭļ ,  ,  
 ˴ϴ.

̸     ̸ ʵ ϳ Ǿ ֽϴ. ̾  ġ
    ̸ Ǵ Դϴ.  ̸ Xconfig ȭ ׷ 
̹  κ "Modes" ٿ ǰ ˴ϴ.  ٷ  ̸ 
  ̸ ϴٸ   ̸ ʵ带 ص ϴ.

Ʈ Ŭ      Ʈ Ŭ(츮 DCF  θ ) ʵ 
 Ǿֽϴ.  ڴ ̾   ڵ ϴµ ̴ 
ƮŬԴϴ. 

  4 ʵ Ǹ ÷    Ǿ 
 մϴ.   ù° ʵ ȭ ϴµ ʿ  Ʈ 
(츮 HR ̶ θ ) Ÿϴ. ι° ʵ(SH1) ° Ʈ  
 ޽ ۵Ǵ Ÿϴ. ° ʵ(SH2) ° Ʈ  
 ޽  ϴ Ÿϴ. 4 ʵ   (HFL) ü 
Ÿϴ.

   4 ʵ ˴ϴ. ù° ʵ ȭ ϴµ ʿ 
 (VR) Ÿϴ. ι° ʵ(SV1) ° ο  ޽
 ۵Ǵ Ÿϴ. ° ʵ(SV2) ° ο  ޽ 
 Ÿϴ. ׹ ʵ    ü(VFL) Ÿϴ.

 :

            #Modename    clock  horizontal timing  vertical timing

            "752x564"     40    752 784  944 1088  564 567 569 611
                          44.5  752 792  976 1240  564 567 570 600


( : X11R5  Ҽ ǥ ƮŬ  ʽϴ)

  (δ ȭ  Ʈ , ȭ Ʈ ޽ 
  Ʈѹ, ޽ ӽð ǹϴ Ʈѹ, ޽   
Ʈ ) ġ Xconfig  ӿ ־ Ʈ سϴ.  
Ʈ ڴ ݵ 8    մϴ.

 ڵ  : 800 864 1024 1088

  ÿ Ʈ(800), ޽ ° Ʈ ۵Ǵ(864)
,  ޽ ° Ʈ (1024),   ° Ʈ 
(1088)  ֽϴ.

 ڵ(800, 864, 1024, 1088)  8  ٴ  ٽѹ 
ʽÿ!  ڵ 8   ʿ ϴ.

ȭ ù ٺ  ٱ    մϴ.  ӿ 
 Ÿ̹ ȣ δԴϴ. ټ  ̹ ׷ Դϴ. ȭ
鿡   ÷̵ ,    ̰ ְ,   
 ޽   ӵǰ, ״ ణ ̰  , ķ 
  ε ˴ϴ.     ġ ˴ϴ.

 ڵ  : 600 603 609 630

  ȭ鿡 600   ְ ״   ޽ 603 ° 
 ؼ 609 ° ο   630    Ÿ ֽ
.

 ڵ 8   ʿ䰡  Ͻʽÿ!

 츮  ưô.   츮     
 Xconfig  ־ մϴ. 

<name>  DCF HR  SH1 SH2 HFL VR  SV1 SV2 VFL

SH1    ޽ ƽ̰ SH2  򵿱 ޽  ƽԴϴ; ̿ 
ϰ SV1    ޽ ƽ̰ SV2    ޽  ƽ
ϴ.

   ־ մϴ. 츮 ηô  ޽  
ô. SH1    ޽  (leading edge) ۵˴ϴ.  SH1 
= HR + HGT1 Դϴ. SH2  Ʈϸ (trailing edge)Դϴ.  SH2 = SH1 
+ HSP Դϴ. ̿ ϰ SV1 = VR + VGT ̰(, VGT   0 Դϴ) SV2 = 
SV1 + VSP Դϴ.


       #name    clock   horizontal timing   vertical timing    flag
       936x702  65      936 968 1200 1232   702 702 710 737


Ư flag  ʿϴ. ̰ ͷ̽ ϱ.    
Դϴ.

12.  

 Ͱ  ļ Ÿ̶   ĵƮ ʰϷ 
  ʽÿ. ϵ Ⱑ   ֽϴ! Ƽũ ͸ 
    ̹  鿡 Ͻʽÿ.

ȼ Ŭ  뿪 ִ밪ٵ ̴    մϴ( 
: ̷  , ȼ Ŭ  뿪 ι迡   ü 
 Ѱġ ˴ϴ. ̰ ŰƮ (Nyquist's Theorem)  
ϴ. ȼ ȣ õ       
  Դϴ).

 ִ  ļ ʰϴ     ֽϴ.  ֽ 
  ĵ Ʈ Ǹ ڵ ͸ ˴ٿ Ű ȣȸθ 
⵵ մϴٸ ̸ ʹ  ʽÿ. Ư  Ƽũ ͵鿡( 
 Multisync II)  ƮӰ Ѱ ֽϴ. ̷ Ϳ 
ÿ ȣ   ʽϴ.  Ͱ и  ȸθ  ִ
ص( ļ Ϳ  ȸΰ ϴ) ̰ ݵ   ļ 
 Ŀִ  ƴմϴ. Ư α 𵨿¿.   ȸθ Ƿ
ϰ   ũ  (phosphor)  ԵǸ ԰ݺٵ   
(X  ) Ϳ ˴ϴ.

뿪 ߿ Ѱ   Է Ǵ   뿪  
߾  ̱    ļ ϸ ݻİ ߻Ҽ  
̷  ȭ Ǵ  ذ Ͼ  ֽϴ.

  ̺  ɸ κ   ̹ slew rate( 
ñ׳ 絵)Դϴ.  ̴  ȼ ļʹ (  
簡 ׷   Ű ٴ  Դϴ)  ȼ ļ
 ִ밪 αٿ  ɼ ֽϴ.

 ÿ Ͻñ ٶϴ...
   
13. ͷ̽ 

(  ַ Davie Kastrup <dak@pool.infomatik.rwth-aachen.de>  ֽ 
뿡 ǰ߽ϴ)

 ƮŬϿ, ͷ̽ ȭ   ȸΰ  
 شٸ ͷ̽ ȭ鿡  ״ øĿ     
ϴ.   ͷ̽ 尡  ߸Ǿϴ.

ͷ̽    ĵ ļ(VSF,   ַ   մ
) ׷̽ 庸ٵ ڶ  ̱  Ǹ 
ٸ и   ĵ Ʈ   ȭ ݴϴ.   
 /ī Ѱġ ͷ̽ 尡 ˴ϴ. 

  Ʈ(Ȥ   Ʈ,  VSF)Ͽ ͷ̽ ȭ
 ͷ̽ ȭ鿡  øĿ  մϴ. 90 Hz ͷ̽ ȭ 90 
Hz  ͷ̽ ȭ麸 ޴ϴ.  ܿ   뿪 
  ĵ Ʈ  ˴ϴ.   ̰  ƮŬ  ĵ 
Ʈ  ͷ̽  غ ͷ̽ ȭ ξ ٴ Դϴ. 
45 Hz ͷ̽ ȭ ߵ . ڴ 90 Hz ͷ̽  10
24x768 ػ󵵿 Ⱓ Multisync 3D ͸  ԰ ſ ϰ ֽ
.         70 Hz  ͷ̽
 ÷̸ ϼž  ̴ϴ. 

  ϼž մϴ. ͷ̽   ػ󵵿 ϼ
. ׷  ߱ϴ ε  ϰ ˴ϴ. ¼   
޽  ġ ؼ   ġ  Ͻ 𸣰ڱ. 
ڴ ׷ Ʈ ޴  ִ α׷ ϳ  
ϴ(XCept  α׷Դϴ. ڰ ˱δ ٸ α׷   
ϴ).  ڴ XCept α׷ Ἥ 800x600  ٲϴ. ֳϸ ٸ ػ
    .

  ּ 100 dpi Ʈ ̻ ϼ. ٸ Ʈ   
  ΰ β β Դϴ(ػ󵵿 ·ų ٸ   
ϴ).

׸ 翬 ̾߱ ϵ   Ʈ ͷ̽ 
带 Ѵٸ ͷ̽ 带  ʽÿ.

  ͳ ׷ ī ɷ ְġ ϴ ػ󵵸 ãҴµ, 
øĿ Ҹ̶ ƿ(outwashed, 뿪 ʰ ) ÷̰ 
´ٸ ͷ̽ 带 Ἥ  ػ󵵸    Դϴ.   V
SF  ̹   Ѱġ ٸ   ҿ.

ͷ̽ 带 ϴ  ϴ. ͷ̽  Ȱ 
  ΰ  ϸ ˴ϴ.    (  )
 Ȧ ־ ϰ,  "interlaced"  ÷׸     
  Ʈ 2谡 ȴٴ Դϴ.    尡 "interlac
e" ÷׸ ܷ  45 Hz   ̶ ʹ 90 Hz   
Ʈ  ־߸ մϴ.

 μ  1024x768 ͷ̽  մϴ.  Multisync 3
D ʹ  ļ 90 Hz ,  ļ 38 KHz  մϴ.


       ModeLine "1024x768" 45 1024 1048 1208 1248 768 768 776 807 Interlace

 忡    Ѱġ  Ǿϴ.  带 "
interlaced" ÷  Ѵص     Ѱ谪  
Դϴٸ(Ȯ ϸ  ĵ Ʈ Ѻ ణ  ϴ), ͷ
  쿴ٸ    øĿ  ȭ ˴ϴ.

⺻  Ģ  ϴ:     ݰ ̸
  带 ߴٸ,     Ȧ   "interlaced" ÷׸ 
Դϴ. κ  ȭ ū  Դϴ.

  ͷ̽ 尡  ִ밪  30 %    ĵ
Ʈε ͷ̽ 带 Ἥ   ִġ  ䷮̶,  
 ͷ̽ 带 ؼ ξ     ֽϴ. 
  մϴ.

14.  亯

Q.    ǥ ũ ũⰡ ƴѵ ׷ ᵵ Ǵ ǰ?

A.  ȵ˴ϱ?   640x480, 800x600, 1024x768 θ   𿡵 
ϴ. XFree86  ϵ ϴµ ־   ݴϴ.  
  ̸ 2-3  õ ʿմϴ. ߿    
Ʈ  ũ ȭ °   øĿ 񰡷 ػ
 ڴ  ƴմϴ.

Q. 65MHz ƮŬ 55 KHz HSF  ־ٸ  Ѱ ػ󵵸  Ǵ 
ΰ?

A.  ׷ ʽϴ!  Ϲ     ġ 
 Ҹ  ã ֽϴ. ̷    ſ ִ ۾
  ֽϴ. κ    ȭ ֱ⵵  ǻ 
 Ƽũ ʹ ׸  ļյ ʽϴ.   忡  
ϱ   Ͱ    Ʈ Ҽ ִ  Ȯ
Ͻñ ٶϴ.

 ļ  쿡 ϼ! ̷  ŷ  ļ Ϳ
   ջ ų ֽϴ.  ļ ͸ ΰ   
 Ÿ  Ʈ Ȯϼ.

Q.   ΰ ǥ ػ󵵸 ߽ϴ. Xconfig  밡  
ǥ ػ󵵰 ִµ  Ÿ̹  ؾ  ִ  ֽʽ
.

A. ʿ䰡 и !    Xconfig  Ǿ ִ "ǥ"  640x4
80 ػ󵵸 ô. ̰ 25 MHz   ļ 800, 525   , 
 Ʈ 59.5 Hz  Ǿ ֽϴ. ׸  ʽϴ.   
 SVGA ī  ļ 28 MHz  մϴ.  츮 տ  
  Ͽ 640x480   ٸ   812(ؼ 808 ƾ)
, 505   ֽϴ.   Ʈ 68 Hz  ߰ ̰ ǥغ
ٵ   Դϴ.

Q. ݱ    ֽðڽϱ?

A.   غ.

1.    ļϿ, ְ ػ󵵸 ø  Ʈ 
ߴ  ؾ߸ ϰ  øĿ   ȴ.

2. ػ󵵸 ϰ Ͱ ̸  شٸ ̿ ˸ ƮŬ,  DCF  
 SVGA ī带 ϶.    ̴!

15. ̹ õ ذ

ϴ.   X   ġ ϴ.  ġ Xconfig  
 ׽Ʈ  ̺ Դϴ. X  ϰ Ű Ἥ  ο  
ϴ. ׷ ̶ ̹ ȹٸ ʴٸ  ؾ ұ?   
Ϲ  ̹ ְ  ׿   մϴ.

(̷  ְ ϴ  xvidtune   ϴ)

 ޽ Ÿ̹ ȭŰ ̹ ̵մϴ.  ̸ ȭŰ ̹
 Ȯ/ҵ˴ϴ( ޽   ġ Ѿ߸ մϴ. 
  ̹ Ȯ/ҿ ÿ ̵ϰ ˴ϴ).   Ư 
ذåԴϴ.

  ġ  Դϴ. , ̹  ̴  
ġ ƹ     ݴ뵵 Դϴ.  Ȯ/ 
 ׷ ʽϴ. ũ⸦ ٲپ ָ鼭 ũ⸦ ٲپ  ʴ´ٸ 
ü  ѹ   ݴ 쵵 Դϴ. Ư,  ̹ 
,   ʹ ũٸ ̸ ϱ ؼ Ʋ   ƮŬ
 ؾ߸ մϴ. ̴ 밡 ػ󵵸 ̴ ̹Ƿ   
 ʽϴ!

15.1 ̹ ¿ ġĥ 

̸ Ϸ   ޽ ̵ŵϴ. ,  Ÿ̹ Ǻκ ߰ 
 ڰ   ޽  Ʈϸ (:  ޽ 0 
 1 ö󰡴 κ ϸ Ʈϸ  1¿ 0  κ 
) ϰ Ƿ ̰ 8  ŭ ŵϴ.

 ̹  ġƴٸ(,  谡 ʹ Ŀ ̹ 
 ̵Ű Ҷ)  ڸ ҽŵϴ.  ̹  ġƴٸ 
(,  谡 ʹ Ŀ ̹  ̵Ű Ҷ)  ޽ 
ŵϴ.

15.2 ̹ Ϸ ġĥ 

̸ Ϸ   ޽ ̵ŵϴ. ,  Ÿ̹  κ ߰
  ڰ   ޽  Ʈϸ  ϰ Ƿ ̰
 ŵϴ.

 ̹  ġƴٸ (, Ʒ ΰ ʹ Ŀ ̹ Ʒ 
Ű ʹٸ)  ڸ ϴ.  ̹ Ʒ ġƴٸ(,  
谡 ʹ Ŀ  ̵Ű Ѵٸ)  ڸ ŵϴ.

15.3 ̹ ¿  ʹ ū 

ī Ŭ ǵ带    մϴ. Ŭ Ͽ 尡  ִٸ 
  Ǽ  ǵ 带   ̴ϴ.

15.4 ̹ ¿ () 

̸ Ϸ   ̸ ()ŵϴ. , ù° Ÿ̹  
4° ڸ ȭŵϴ. ̹ ̴  Ϸ  ޽(, ι
° ° )    ġ ϵ  ݸŭ 
Դϴ.

15. 5 ̹ Ϸ (ª) 

̸ Ϸ   ̸ ()ŵϴ. , ι° Ÿ̹  
4 ° ڸ ȭŵϴ. ̹ ̴° Ϸ  ޽(ι° 
° )    ġ ϵ  ݸŭ Դ
.

̿  ũе ص ְ  ʴ´ٸ Ʋ  ٺ
 ߸Ǿٴ Դϴ.  Ի ߸߰ų Ͱ ټ ִ ƮŬ
   Ŭ ߰ų Դϴ. ,  ̸ Ű
 Ʈ ϰ ݴ ӱ̰ ϸ  Ʈ 
ϴ   ʽÿ.

쿡 󼭴   Ͽ  ְ   ֽϴ.  
  ׷ȸ  ذϷ 忡  ߾Ӱ ϰ 
   ؽƮ ȯ ȭ ġ  ִٴ Դ
.  ùٷ ϴ    Դϴ.

16.   ׷

  ̾׷ ׷ 켱 gnuplot Ű(Unix  ü  
 ÷ ) modeplot ̶ /gnuplot ũƮ ̿  Ư
ġ ɾ ο ԷϿ ׷ մϴ.  modeplot α׷Դϴ.

 #!/bin/sh
  #
  # modeplot -- generate X mode plot of available monitor modes
  #
  # Do `modeplot -?' to see the control options.
  #

  # Monitor description. Bandwidth in MHz, horizontal frequencies in kHz
  # and vertical frequencies in Hz.
  TITLE="Viewsonic 21PS"
  BANDWIDTH=185
  MINHSF=31
  MAXHSF=85
  MINVSF=50
  MAXVSF=160
  ASPECT="4/3"
  vesa=72.5       # VESA-recommended minimum refresh rate

  while [ "$1" != "" ]
  do
          case $1 in
          -t) TITLE="$2"; shift;;
          -b) BANDWIDTH="$2"; shift;;
          -h) MINHSF="$2" MAXHSF="$3"; shift; shift;;
          -v) MINVSF="$2" MAXVSF="$3"; shift; shift;;
          -a) ASPECT="$2"; shift;;
          -g) GNUOPTS="$2"; shift;;
          -?) cat <<EOF
  modeplot control switches:

  -t "<description>"  name of monitor            defaults to "Viewsonic 21PS"
  -b <nn>                 bandwidth in MHz           defaults to 185
  -h <min> <max>          min & max HSF (kHz)        defaults to 31 85
  -v <min> <max>          min & max VSF (Hz)         defaults to 50 160
  -a <aspect ratio>       aspect ratio               defaults to 4/3
  -g "<options>"      pass options to gnuplot

  The -b, -h and -v options are required, -a, -t, -g optional.  You can
  use -g to pass a device type to gnuplot so that (for example) modeplot's
  output can be redirected to a printer.  See gnuplot(1) for  details.

  The modeplot tool was created by Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com> based on
  analysis and scratch code by Martin Lottermoser <Martin.Lottermoser@mch.sni.de
>

  This is modeplot $Revision: 1.9 $
  EOF
                  exit;;
          esac
          shift
  done

  gnuplot $GNUOPTS <<EOF
  set title "$TITLE Mode Plot"

  # Magic numbers.  Unfortunately, the plot is quite sensitive to changes in
  # these, and they may fail to represent reality on some monitors.  We need
  # to fix values to get even an approximation of the mode diagram.  These come
  # from looking at lots of values in the ModeDB database.
  F1 = 1.30       # multiplier to convert horizontal resolution to frame width
  F2 = 1.05       # multiplier to convert vertical resolution to frame height

  # Function definitions (multiplication by 1.0 forces real-number arithmetic)
  ac = (1.0*$ASPECT)*F1/F2
  refresh(hsync, dcf) = ac * (hsync**2)/(1.0*dcf)
  dotclock(hsync, rr) = ac * (hsync**2)/(1.0*rr)
  resolution(hv, dcf) = dcf * (10**6)/(hv * F1 * F2)
  # Put labels on the axes
  set xlabel 'DCF (MHz)'
  set ylabel 'RR (Hz)' 6  # Put it right over the Y axis

  # Generate diagram
  set grid
  set label "VB" at $BANDWIDTH+1, ($MAXVSF + $MINVSF) / 2 left
  set arrow from $BANDWIDTH, $MINVSF to $BANDWIDTH, $MAXVSF nohead
  set label "max VSF" at 1, $MAXVSF-1.5
  set arrow from 0, $MAXVSF to $BANDWIDTH, $MAXVSF nohead
  set label "min VSF" at 1, $MINVSF-1.5
  set arrow from 0, $MINVSF to $BANDWIDTH, $MINVSF nohead
  set label "min HSF" at dotclock($MINHSF, $MAXVSF+17), $MAXVSF + 17 right
  set label "max HSF" at dotclock($MAXHSF, $MAXVSF+17), $MAXVSF + 17 right
  set label "VESA $vesa" at 1, $vesa-1.5
  set arrow from 0, $vesa to $BANDWIDTH, $vesa nohead # style -1
  plot [dcf=0:1.1*$BANDWIDTH] [$MINVSF-10:$MAXVSF+20] \
    refresh($MINHSF, dcf) notitle with lines 1, \
    refresh($MAXHSF, dcf) notitle with lines 1, \
    resolution(640*480,   dcf) title "640x480  " with points 2, \
    resolution(800*600,   dcf) title "800x600  " with points 3, \
    resolution(1024*768,  dcf) title "1024x768 " with points 4, \
    resolution(1280*1024, dcf) title "1280x1024" with points 5, \
    resolution(1600*1280, dcf) title "1600x1200" with points 6

  pause 9999
  EOF


ϴ modeplot  gnuplot Ű  غߴٸ    Ưġ 
մϴ.

-  뿪 (VB)
-   ļ  (HSF)
-   ļ  (VSF)

÷ α׷ ܼȭŲ Ͽ ׸ ׸ ˴ϴ.   ׻ Ÿ
  ƴϹǷ   ̾׷ 뷫 ׸ Դϴ.  
 ϴ.

1.  ػ󵵴  aspect ratio AR = HR / VR ϳ ϴ. ǥ ػ
 AR = 4/3 Ȥ AR = 5/4 ̴. ÷ α׷ Ʈ 4/3  ϰ 
ֽϴ.   ٸ   ֽϴ.

2. ϰִ 忡 ־,    ̴   ػ 
 Դϴ. ,

HFL = F1 * HR
VFL = F2 * VR

ü μ F1= 1.30, F2 = 1.05  ϴ(" ũ⸦ ϱ" 
κ ).

 Ư  ļ HSF   ô.   Ͽ , Ŭ 
Ʈ DCF    ̹  Ʈ RR  ϴ. , HSF   
  Լ RR(DCF) ϴ Դϴ. ̴   ˴ϴ.

 Ʈ    Ŭ Ʈ   ϴ.

RR = DCF / (HFL * VFL)            (*)

,   ̴  ļ Ŭ Ʈ   ϴ.

HFL = DCF / HSF                   (**)

VFL  HFL  Ͱɼ ִ   ΰ  Դϴ.

VFL = F2 * VR
    = F2 * (HR / AR)
    = (F2/F1) * HFL / AR          (***) 

(**)  (***)  (*)    ϴ.

               RR = DCF / ((F2/F1) * HFL**2 / AR)
                  = (F1/F2) * AR * DCF * (HSF/DCF)**2
                  = (F1/F2) * AR * HSF**2 / DCF


 HSF, F1, F2 ,AR  ؼ ̾׷ ְ ϳ Ÿϴ.  
ļ ּҰ ִ밪  ̿Ͱ Ŀ긦 ׸ ΰ 輱 
 ǰ  ̰ ٷ  Դϴ.

    Ư ػ󵵸 Ÿϴ. ̰ (*)  ι
°  ٰմϴ.

               RR = DCF / (HFL * VFL) = DCF / (F1 * HR * F2 * VR)

ϴ  ػ󵵿  ̷  ׷ν  ﰢ  Ϳ 
 ػ, Ŭ Ʈ, Ʈ 踦 ˾ç  ֽϴ. ̵ 
ε  Ư ϴ  ƴ϶ ι°  ԵǴ ӿ 
Ͻʽÿ.

÷ α׷ ̰  ݴϴ. modeplot -? ϸ  ɼ   
ϴ. ǥ   ϴ.

  

               modeplot -t "Swan SW617" -b 85 -v 50 90 -h 31 58

-b ɼ  뿪 մϴ; -v  -h      ļ 
 մϴ.

÷    ׻ ̰ 뷫 翡 ҰԿ Ͻʽÿ. 
 ڸ,  ޽ ּ   ʿ ϸ,  ̿  HFL 
    α׷ ϰ ֽϴ.  ׸ Ȯ  
Ÿ缺 ¿˴ϴ.  "" κп  Ͱ   ( 
ؼ)   ϴ.   α׷   ϰ  
Ÿ      Դϴ.

17. ֽ е

   ڴ Chin Fang <fangchin@leland.stanford.edu> Դϴ.

Eric S. Raymond <esr@snark.thysus.com>  ٽ 籸    
 Chin Fang   κ ٽ ϴ.   Bob Crosson <cros
son@cam.nist.gov>  Ǵٸ Ͽ  κ ̰ Ǿϴ.

ͷ̽ 忡   ַ David Kastrup < dak@pool.informatik.rwth-aach
en.de>  ߽ϴ.

Martin Lottermoser <Martin.Lottermoser@mch.sni.de>  gnuplot  Ἥ  
̾׷ ׸ ̵ ߰ modeplot  ʿ  м Ͽ
ϴ.  modeplot Martin  Ư ̽  ߴ  gnuplot 
ڵ带 E.S.Raymond  ϹȭѼ ٽ  Դϴ.


