
                       The Linux BootPrompt-HowTo 
                                       
by Paul Gortmaker.

   v1.14, 1 February 1998
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   ļʾ˵(BootPrompt-Howto) пʱڴ
    Linux ĵʱڲ(arguments) к豸ĲҲ
   춺(sorts) ʱڲۣ һЩ Linux 
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
1. 

     * 1.1 Ȩ
     * 1.2 ļ
     * 1.3 Linux Ⱥ
     * 1.4 °ļ
       
2. ʾŹ

     * 2.1 LILO (LInux LOader)
     * 2.2 LoadLin
     * 2.3 ``rdev'' óʽ
     * 2.4 в
     * 2.5 趨
     * 2.6 ݲ `init' ʽ
       
3. һ޹豸Ե

     * 3.1 ϵͳѡ
     * 3.2 ŵ(RAM Disk)йصѡ
     * 3.3 йصĲ
     * 3.4 ·ϵͳ(NFS)ΪϵͳʹõĲ
     * 3.5 ĺ
       
4. С͵ǻ۽(SCSI)ܱߵ

     * 4.1 вʽĲ
     * 4.2 SCSI Ĳ
     * 4.3  SCSI 
       
5. Ӳ

     * 5.1 IDE ŵʽ
     * 5.2 ׼ ST-506 ŵʽѡ(`hd=')
     * 5.3 XT Disk Driver Options (`xd=')
       
6.  (Non-SCSI/ATAPI/IDE)

     * 6.1 Aztech  (`aztcd=')
     * 6.2 CDU-31A Լ CDU-33A Sony  (`cdu31a=')
     * 6.3 CDU-535 Sony  (`sonycd535=')
     * 6.4 GoldStar  (`gscd=')
     * 6.5 ISP16  (`isp16=')
     * 6.6 Mitsumi ׼ (`mcd=')
     * 6.7 Mitsumi XA/MultiSession  (`mcdx=')
     * 6.8 Optics Storage  (`optcd=')
     * 6.9 Phillips CM206  (`cm206=')
     * 6.10 Sanyo  (`sjcd=')
     * 6.11 SoundBlaster Pro  (`sbpcd=')
       
7. Ӳ豸

     * 7.1 ̫·豸 (`ether=')
     * 7.2 ʽ (`floppy=')
     * 7.3 Чʽ (`sound=')
     * 7.4 Żʽ (`bmouse=')
     * 7.5 ΢Żʽ (`msmouse=')
     * 7.6 ӡʽ (`lp=')
     * 7.7 ICN λ·(ISDN)ʽ (`icn=')
     * 7.8 PCBIT ISDN ʽ (`pcbit=')
     * 7.9 Teles ISDN ʽ (`teles=')
     * 7.10 DigiBoard ʽ (`digi=')
     * 7.11 RISCom/8 ಺пʽ (`riscom8=')
     * 7.12 Baycom Уݻ (`baycom=')
       
8. 
     _________________________________________________________________
   
1. 

   ʱ`ָ'ʽ޵ĲѶ ִгʽʱ
   һЩ(argument list) ͨṩһЩûа취Լȷ
   ӲѶ Ǳ⣯(override)Լõֵ
   
   ȻֱӰѺӳ(kernel image)ϣ  cp
   zImage /dev/fd0㽫ûлָκβġ Դ󲿷ݵ
   Linux ʹ߶ʹ LILO  loadlin һܹЩģ
   Ȼ塣
   
   ģ(MODULE)ʹע⣺ ͵ʾֱֻӱ뵽
   Ӳʽ Ƕʹģ鷽ʽʽûӰ졣 󲿷ݵķ
   ׼(distributions) ʹģ顣 ޷ȷ Զ
   /etc/conf.modules ݲ man depmod Լ man modprobe
   
   Ŀǰ˵ļǵ v2.0.33 ΪֹĺġͬʱҲݵ v2.1.84 Ϊ
   ֹ չ԰ĵԡ
   
   ʾ˵ǣ
   
     Paul Gortmaker, gpg109@rsphy1.anu.edu.au
     
   ע⣬ر i386 豸 Atari/Amigaõ ʾ
   Ŀǰûд
   
1.1 Ȩ

   ļǾȷȻҵµѶ û˱
   Ӳ¸𣬳Լ⡣ Ӳðյˣ
   ⼸ܣҲûΡ Ҳ˵ļṩѶȥʵ
   жɵκ߸Ų
   
   ļİȨ Copyright (C) 1995-1998  Paul Gortmaker
   
   ļڶ GNU ͨùȨ(General Public License) 
   п ϸ渽 Linux ĵ linux/COPYING 
   
   ļ棬磬һȷȡõǷΪµ
   Ѷ ȥйʱ Linux ˵ļ汾棬 ɷչΪ°ļ
   д𰸵ͷǡ
   
   This document is not gospel. However, it is probably the most up to
   date info that you will be able to find. Nobody is responsible for
   what happens to your hardware but yourself. If your hardware goes up
   in smoke (...nearly impossible!) I take no responsibility. ie. THE
   AUTHOR IS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY DAMAGES INCURRED DUE TO ACTIONS
   TAKEN BASED ON THE INFORMATION INCLUDED IN THIS DOCUMENT.
   
   This document is Copyright (C) 1995-1998 by Paul Gortmaker.
   
   This document may be copied according to the conditions of the GNU
   General Public License, version 2, included herein by reference. See
   the file linux/COPYING that comes with the Linux kernel for full
   details.
   
   If you are intending to incorporate this document into a published
   work, please contact me, and I will make an effort to ensure that you
   have the most up to date information available. In the past, out of
   date versions of the Linux howto documents have been published, which
   caused the developers undue grief from being plagued with questions
   that were already answered in the up to date versions.
   
1.2 ļ

   °ļԶǺĵԭʼʽ뱾һ£ȲҪ¡ Ķԭʼ
   עⲻҪκγʽơ 磬ҪҿԴ AHA1542 SCSI 
   ʽĲ Ǿ͵ linux/drivers/scsi Ŀ¼ȥ aha1542.c 
   ǰ 100 Ϳҵһԭ˵ 1542 ʽܵʱڲ
   
   
   ¸ѵĲοǺı渽κļĿǰ࣬ 󲿷ݿ
   linux/Documentation Ŀ¼µĿ¼ҵ linux Ŀ¼ͨ
   /usr/src/ ҵ ʱҲʽĿ¼ҵ README.foo 
    linux/drivers/XXX/ е XXX  scsi, char, or net
   
   ѾҵҪʹõ֪ΰЩѶĵ
    ǾͿĵ壨 LILO  loadlin 渽
   ļ м̵ĸ渽ļ
   
1.3 Linux Ⱥ

   й춴ݲⷽ⣬ȶһļ Լ
   ǰᵽļûܻش⣬ Linux Ⱥ顣
   ȻʵǰӦĶȺ飬 ΪѾʹ
   ⣬ѾǸ(a FAQ) ֮ǰȿ linux
   Ǹϰߡ Ӧܹڽļĳҵ⼯
   
   ϵͳһӦֱ comp.os.linux.setup Ⱥ顣
   йݵһң Ҫ󽻲
   (cross-post)Ⱥȥ
   
1.4 °ļ

   °ļ(anonymous FTP) sunsite.unc.edu վȡ
   ã  /pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/ Ŀ¼ ע⣬SunSITE ĸؾܴ
   ԽҸ Linux ӳ(mirror)ڵȡôļ µ
   ѶԼʽʱͻᲹϡ ڶݿѾм
   ֮ãܵȷһǷµġ
   
   ļϵʹһرΪ Linux ˵ļƻ޸ĵ SGML ϵͳģ
   иֲͬʽ postscript, dvi, ascii, html, ԼҪֵ
   Texinfo ҽ htmlȫѶ Postscript/dvi ʽ
    ߶ ascii תʧȥĽο(cross-references)
   
    sunsite ȡʽĿλַ(URL)ڴˡ [1]BootPrompt-HOWTO
   
2. ʾŹ

   һڽһЩʱڲı Ҳй
   Щϵαʲƣ Լαת͵
   ʵ豸Ĺ
   
   һҪעвӦʹÿհף ֻڸĲ֮
   ԡ һֵб(A list of values)ڸֵ֮ԶŸ񿪵ģ
   һΣ ûκοհסμġ
     _________________________________________________________________
   
        ether=9,0x300,0xd0000,0xd4000,eth0  root=/dev/hda1
*RIGHT*
        ether = 9, 0x300, 0xd0000, 0xd4000, eth0  root = /dev/hda1
*WRONG*
     _________________________________________________________________
   
2.1 LILO (LInux LOader)

   õ Werner Almesberger д LILO(LInux LOader) ʽ 
   ͬĺģѶһֵ 󲿷ݵķ׼
    LILO ΪԤʽ(boot-loader) LILO һͬʵ
   DOS, OS/2, Linux, FreeBSD ȵȣ൱еԡ
   
   㿪֮ᣬ͵û LILO ͣסӡ LILO: Ȼȸ뿴ʹ
   ûκѡûеĻԤϵͳ  LILO õ
   ϵͳǩ linux Լ backup  msdos Ҫ
   ⣬Ҫ LILO ϵͳ֮ǩ棬 ʾġ
     _________________________________________________________________
   
        LILO: linux root=/dev/hda1
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   LILO 渽оѵļΪ۵֮ʹã Ҫ
   ʱڲӵ LILO õʹʱ LILO  append= ָͷǳҪ
    ֻҪ򵥵 /etc/lilo.conf м append = "foo=bar" Ķ
   ɡ Լڸõǰ棬ʹÿһ(section)Ч Ǽĳ
   image= ʹԸýЧ  LILO ļ˵
   
2.2 LoadLin

   һõ Linux ʽ `LoadLin' һ֧ DOS ʾ
   (prompt) Linux ģԸ DOS ʽ ĳЩϵ
   ͳԴõĻС ʹ DOS  DOS  Linux ˶
   ܺá
   
   ӵһЩҪʹṩ DOS ʽʹԽ״̬
   (known state)ӲҲá һҪʹ DOS 
   ʽ趨(twiddle) صݴʹԿģʽġԿݡ
   Ч  DOS ʽ Ȼ DOS ʾʹ
   LOADLIN.EXE  Linux Ա(reboot)(reset)ÿ ˸
   άԿģʽҲ Linux ʹá
   
   һЩʽ Linux б㵱 Linux 
   ӳڵĳʽ  system/Linux-boot/ ¡
   
2.3 ``rdev'' óʽ

   ıλԪԤֵ ڴ󲿷ݵϵ
   ͳﰲװһ֧Ϊ rdev Ĺóʽ֪Щֵ Լθıǡ
   ҲܸıһЩû֮Ķ Ԥʾģ
   ʽ(video mode)
   
    rdev óʽͨҲ(aliased to) swapdev, ramsize, vidmode Լ
   rootflagsܹıֱֶǸĿ¼豸(root device) û
   (swap device)ŵ(RAM disk)֮Ԥʾģʽ Ŀ¼
   豸Ĵȡ趨(readonly/readwrite)
   
   й rdev ѶԽ rdev -h ǲ˵ҳ (man
   rdev)á
   
2.4 в

   󲿷ݵʽΪ
     _________________________________________________________________
   
        name[=value_1][,value_2]...[,value_11]
     _________________________________________________________________
   
    `name' һΨһʶ(unique)صֵеĻ Ҫ
   ǸݵĹؼ֡ ֻʽԿհ׷ָб ע
    11 ʵƣ Ϊеĳʽÿؼֻ 11 Զŷָ
   Ĳ ȻڷǱѰӵظʹͬĹؼּ
   11 ϵĲ 趨ʽ֧ԮĻ ͬʱҲҪע⣬İ
   ֳ(splits) 10  沢һִ㲻
    11  ʽн 11 ִת
   
   󲿷Ķ linux/init/main.c 档 ȣĲ鿴ǷΪ
   `root=', `Ro', `Rw', or `Debug' ЩرĲ Щر屾
   лһ˵
   
   Ȼ߹(walks)һϵе趨ʽ bootsetups  ָ
   Ĳִ `foo'ǲеһ趨ʽfoo_setup()أ
   趨ض豸ĵһݡ 㴫 foo=3,4,5,6,bar һ
   ĻѰ bootsetups п `foo' Ƿעᡣ У
    `foo' 趨ʽfoo_setup() ںָ
    3, 4, 5, and 6ִ bar
   
2.5 趨

   κβܵ趨ʽ `foo=bar' ʽ֮ᱻΪҪ趨Ļ
    һûõģ `TERM=vt100' Ϊ
   
2.6 ݲ `init' ʽ

   κʣµģ ĲܶҲɻ֮ᴫһ
   (process) ͨ init ʽ  init Ĳ single 
   ֣ ָʾ init ѵڵģʽ(single user mode) Ҳһ
   פʽ(daemons)  ϵͳﰲװ init 汾ֲ֮ῴ
   Щ
   
3. һ޹豸Ե

   Щκ豸ܱء ĳڲأ
   ǼĴŵĴ ϵͳĴԼ
   
3.1 ϵͳѡ

   ѡѡ񼰴ϵͳйء
   
  `root=' 
  
   ˲ߺʱǸ豸Ϊϵͳʹá 趨ԤֵΪ
   (bulid)ʱϵͳĸϵͳ豸 磬һ
   `/dev/hda1' ΪϵͳָϵͳϽģ Ԥĸϵͳ
    `dev/hda1' ҪԤֵѡڶ̨Ϊϵͳ
   Ļ ʹ `root=/dev/fd1'
   
   õĸϵͳ豸Ϊ豸֮һ
   
   (1) /dev/hdaN to /dev/hddN,  ST-506 ݴŵ `a to d' ϵĵ N 
   
   
   (2) /dev/sdaN to /dev/sdeN,  SCSI ݴŵ `a to e' ϵĵ N ָ
   
   
   (3) /dev/sdaN to /dev/xdbN,  XT ݴŵ `a to b' ϵĵ N ָ
   
   
   (4) /dev/fdN,  N N=0 Ϊ DOS µ `A:' ŵ N=1 
   Ϊ `B:'
   
   (5) /dev/nfs, ⲢǸ豸 һߺľ·ȡøϵ
   ͳꡣ
   
   ŵ豸һָʽ Ϊ׾ҸûпЯԵҪ
   Ҫ(major/minor) Ҳܽܡ  /dev/sda3 ҪΪ 8Ҫ
   Ϊ 3 ʹ root=0x803 Ϊһָʽ
   
   ںдԤֵ Կ rdev óʽıĺ
   
   
  `ro' 
  
   ʱҪиϵͳԶȡһЩĶ ǹڸĿ¼
   ĸϵͳ ȻϵͳԿдķʽĻ 
   едһȷʵؼ鵵ϵͳԡ  `ro' ѡ
   Ψķʽϵͳ κεϵͳһԼʽ(fsck)
   ִмʱ԰ȫؼûедһ ûκγʽ
   д˵ϵͳֱԿɶдķʽΪֹ
   
   ںдԤֵ Կ rdev óʽıĺ
   
   
  `rw' 
  
   һȫ෴ߺԿɶȡдķʽϵͳ 
   ΣԤԿɶдʽϵͳ ҪԿɶдʽĵϵ
   ͳִκε `fsck' ʽ
   
   ˲ʹõֵһ춺ӳĲͬɾ rdev ȡ
   
3.2 ŵ(RAM Disk)йصѡ

   ѡδŵ豸йأ ŵ豸ͨڰװ
   ׶ʱʹã ʹģ黯ʽԴȡϵͳĻϡ
   
  `ramdisk_start=' 
  
   Ϊʹӳܹѹļŵӳһڣ Լ
   `ramdisk_start=<offset>' ָ Ĳܹѹļŵ֮
   ϵͳӳ Ϊôʼĵʼã ˻ϵ
   ͳ(BIOS)ҲܹʼִС
   
   ע⣺ʹõûѹļŵӳ ĿҪ
   ŵ֮ϵͳӳһݣ Ҹ LILO Ҳͬ
   ѹ֮ӳΪֿݡ
   
   ʹ(boot/root)ŴƬķʽһţ ŵӳ
   ŵڶţŵɵʼ ʹΪƫֵ(offset)
   ΪԤֵȥʹָ
   
  `load_ramdisk=' 
  
   ˲ߺǷҪһݼŵӳ `load_ramdisk=1' ָ
   ŵС ԤֵΪ㣬ʾĲӦȥ
   
   
    linux/Documentation/ramdisk.txt µʹ
    ͬʱҲ˵ν `rdev' 趨Щ
   
  `prompt_ramdisk=' 
  
   ˲ߺǷҪʾҪ뺬ŵӳĴƬ
   
   ֻһ¼ŵӳո룯ĺͬ
   ϹʲҪʾ  `prompt_ramdisk=0' ʹ
   Ҫи黻ƬĻᣬʿʹ `prompt_ramdisk=1' Ϊ
   ԤֵԲȥָ ţǰϰʹ `vga=ask' 
   LILO ѡʱֹͣȡó黻ƬƬĻᡣ
   
    linux/Documentation/ramdisk.txt µʹ
    ͬʱҲ˵ν `rdev' 趨Щ
   
  `ramdisk_size=' 
  
   Ϊŵʵϻ̬ɳ Си޼
   ùпõļ¡ Ԥֵ 4096(i.e. 4MB) Ӧ㹻󲿷ݵ
    Ԥֵ
   
    linux/Documentation/ramdisk.txt µʹ
    ͬʱҲ˵ν `rdev' 趨Щ
   
  `ramdisk=' ˣ
  
   ע⣺Ǿɵģ v1.3.47 Լɵĵĺ֮ⲻӦʹá
   Ӧʹõǰָ
   
   ǧλԪ(kB)Ϊλָŵ豸ĴС 磬Ҫ
   λһ 1.44MB ϵĸϵͳŵ豸 ã
     _________________________________________________________________
   
        ramdisk=1440
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   ںдԤֵԿ rdev óʽıĺ
   
   
  `noinitrd'ʼŵ
  
   v2.x µĺиԣϵͳǼŵ Ȼִм
   ӳϵ /linuxrc ԵϵĳЩĸϵͳ
   Ҫģ 磬봢춼ŵӳ SCSI ʽ Ȼ
   ĳ SCSI ŵĸϵͳ
   
   ʵʵ `noinitrd' ֮δ initrd ϡ ָ
   Ծ /dev/initrd ȡ ڼͷŻϵͳ֮ǰȡһΡ 
   سʼ֮ŵϸʹ
   linux/Documentation/initrd.txt ⣬° LILO  LOADLIN Ӧû
   õѶ
   
3.3 йصĲ

   вı linux ϵͳʵ弰ķʽ
   
  `mem=' 
  
   ĿģԭȵĿָװļ 
    linux ʹõļָһСֵ ڶã
   Ŀָ mem=nopentium Ա linux ĲҪʹ 4MB ҳ(page
   table)Чԡ
   
   ڸ˵ԹУ ԭȶشװĻбƳ
   ֻܻر 64MB ǵģһȱԶƣ 1024 ŴصĴ
   ƣ Linux ʱʹô˻ȷװļ
    㰲װļ峬 64MB Linux 
   ټ塣  Linus  mem= ˵
   
   Ļκ `mem=xx' ƭ 
   һᵱĺѿ ָʾԶַ߼λַԣ 
   `mem=0x1000000' ʾ 16MB ļ塣 ӵ 96MB ĻԴֵΪ
   `mem=0x6000000'
   
   עעע⣺
   
   ĳЩܻʹϲ(top)ļΪϵͳĿȡȵһ
   ; ܲʵӵ 96MB Ŀɶַռ䡣֮Ȼ
   
   ĳЩƬὫϵͳǵʵӦ(map)ϲ
   棬 ԼϲʵϿ 96MB + 384kB  linux 
   ʵӵеĻ࣬Ǿͻ״Ҳ̳£ һ
   ᷢ
   
   ע⣬˲һʮλ̬ ҿʹ `k'  `M'Сд
   ޹أβֱָǧλԪԼλԪ顣 `k' ֵ
   ת(shift) 10 λԪ `M' ת 20 λԪ Ȼû䣬
   һ̨ 96MB ĻҲ mem=97920k ޷ʹ mem=98304k  mem=96M
   
   
  `swap=' 
  
   ʹߵĳЩŵû(swapping)йص(VM) 
   а˸
     _________________________________________________________________
   
        MAX_PAGE_AGE
        PAGE_ADVANCE
        PAGE_DECLINE
        PAGE_INITIAL_AGE
        AGE_CLUSTER_FRACT
        AGE_CLUSTER_MIN
        PAGEOUT_WEIGHT
        BUFFEROUT_WEIGHT
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   ȤҽĶ linux/mm/swap.c ע /proc/sys/vm Ķ
   
  `buff=' 
  
    `swap=' ʹߵĳЩ뻺(buffer)֮ص
    
     _________________________________________________________________
   
        MAX_BUFF_AGE
        BUFF_ADVANCE
        BUFF_DECLINE
        BUFF_INITIAL_AGE
        BUFFEROUT_WEIGHT
        BUFFERMEM_GRACE
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   ȤҽĶ linux/mm/swap.c ע /proc/sys/vm Ķ
   
3.4 ·ϵͳ(NFS)ΪϵͳʹõĲ

   ͸·ϵͳ(NFS: Network FileSystem) ṩϵͳ Linux ֧Ԯ
   ޵(diskless)վϵͳ Щϵ޵վҪһ̨
   ȡϵͳ ͬʱҪע root=/dev/nfs Ǳġ йʹ·
   ϵͳΪϵͳ֮ϸ˵ linux/Documentation/nfsroot.txt 
    ӦĶ ΪֻǴǸֱùĿժҪ
   
  `nfsroot=' 
  
   ߺһ̨ ǸĿ¼ԼЩ·ϵͳѡΪ
   ϵͳʹá ˲ĸʽ£
     _________________________________________________________________
   
        nfsroot=[<server-ip>:]<root-dir>[,<nfs-options>]
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   ָûи nfsroot ʹ `/tftpboot/%s' Ԥֵ 
   ѡ£
   
   <server-ip> -- ָ·ϵͳŷ˵·λַ(IP address) 
   ûиλʹ nfsaddrs 棩ֵ ˲
   ;֮һʹòͬΪλַЭ(RARP) ·ϵͳŷ
   ͨԲΪհף
   
   <root-dir> -- ŷҪΪĿ¼ơִи `%s' 
   (token) ˷ǽΪͻ·λַ֮ ASCII ʾ
   
   <nfs-options> -- ׼·ϵͳѡѡԶŷֿ û
   иѡλʹеԤֵ
   
        port            = as given by server portmap daemon
        rsize           = 1024
        wsize           = 1024
        timeo           = 7
        retrans         = 3
        acregmin        = 3
        acregmax        = 60
        acdirmin        = 30
        acdirmax        = 60
        flags           = hard, nointr, noposix, cto, ac

  `nfsaddrs=' 
  
   趨·ͨѶĸ·λַûи
   Ļʹ÷λַЭԼЭ(BOOTP)ҳЩ
    ʽ£
     _________________________________________________________________
   
        nfsaddrs=<my-ip>:<serv-ip>:<gw-ip>:<netmask>:<name>:<dev>:<auto>
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   <my-ip> -- ͻ˵·λַû裬 λַɷλַЭ
   Э ʹúЭúʱ򿪵ѡԼ <auto> 
    趨˲Ͳʹ÷λַЭЭ
   
   <serv-ip> -- ·ϵͳŷ֮·λַ ʹ÷λַЭ
   ͻλַ趨˲ ָֻܴ֮ŷ˴ĻӦ
   ҪʹòͬĻΪλַ·ϵͳŷ˵Ļ ڴָ
   λַЭŷˣֿհף nfsroot  ָ
   ·ϵͳŷˡ ĿհʹûشλַЭЭ
   ֮ŷ˵λַ
   
   <gw-ip> -- բ(gateway)֮·λַŷλ춲ͬ·ʱ
   Ŀհʹκբŷڱص(local)·ϣ 
   Эյֵ
   
   <netmask> -- ··֡ Ϊհף·ɿͻ˵
   ·λַЭյֵ
   
   <name> -- ͻ˵ơ հףʹÿͻ·λַ֮ ASCII-
   ǷЭյֵ
   
   <dev> -- Ҫʹõ·豸ơ Ϊհף豸λ
   ַ Эҵ豸 ·ϵͳʹýյ
   λַЭЭӦ豸 ֻһ豸Բ
   
   
   <auto> -- ΪԶõķ  `rarp'  `bootp' ʹ
   ָʾЭ ֵΪ `both' հףúʱдЭ
   ʹá `none' ʾʹԶáָǰλб
   Ҫֵ
   
    <auto> Ϊ nfsaddrs Ĳʹãǰûκ `:` Ԫ
    »ʹԶáȻʹ `none'Ϊֵ
   
3.5 ĺ

   ЩʹߵĳЩڲĲ
   
  The `debug' Argument
  
   ľ printk() ʽҪԼûҪѶϢ
   (operator) ѶϢҪ printk() ʽҲʾ̨(console)
   ϣ ͬ klogd() ¼ŵһ㡣 ͬ¼ŵһ̨
   ʾҪѶϢԭΪڲҵ״ ŵ𻵣ѶϢ޷
   ŵ©ʧ
   
   ʲҪʲ᲻Ҫż console_loglevel 趨 Ԥǰ
   α DEBUGȼ 7ҪĶ¼̨ȥ Щȼ
   kernel.h 뵵Уָ debug ʹ̨ļ¼ȼΪ 10 
   кѶϢ̨ϡ
   
   ̨¼ȼͨҲִڼ侭 klogd() ʽѡ趨 鿴ϵ
   ͳ֮װ汾˵ҳ
   
  `init=' 
  
   ʱԤִ `init' ʽ֧ʽִ getty ʽ 
   `rc' ָ(scripts)ԼĶΪʹ趨ԡ Ѱ
   /sbin/init Ȼ /etc/init (depreciated) ȥ /bin/sh 
    /etc/rc  ˵磬 init ʽˣֻҪʹ
   init=/bin/sh
   
   ʱֱ뻷(shell)ʹܹ
   ʽ
   
  `no387' 
  
   ĳЩ i387 ЭͬƬг(bugs) 32 λԪģʽ»֡ 
   ڵ ULSI-387 Ƭִиʱ ƺΪ
   FRSAV/FRRESTOR ָһֻ ʹ `no387' ʹ Linux 
   ֵҲĴڡ Ȼʱֵģ֧Ԯ
   ĳЩܹʹ 80287 㴦Ԫ(FPU)ĹŶ 386 Ҳ
   ã Ϊ linux ޷ʹ 80287
   
  `no-hlt' 
  
   i386ߣ 봦и `hlt' ָ봦
   ڡû ֱĳⲿ豸̣ݻŵȵȣ봦
   ִΪֹ ָʹ봦롮ʡ硯ģʽ 
   (zombie)ֱиⲿ豸 ж(interrupt) ͨ
   ǣ ڵ i486DX-100 Ƭ `hlt' ָ⣬ ʹù
   ָǲܿɿػصģʽ ʹ `no-hlt' ָ Linux
   ¿ʱܸȦͣס봦 ЩƬܹʹ
    LinuxȻǽпܵĻͻЩƬ
   
  `no-scroll' 
  
   ʱʹԹرվҳ(scrolling)ԣʹ Braille 
   ˻ʹá
   
  `panic=' 
  
   ڲ̫ܷĺ쳣(kernel panic)¼£Ǻ⵽ڲ
   ΪĴصӦ÷Ѷֹͣκҵ
   
   ԤĴʽǾͣǶֱ˹ע⵽өĻϵ쳣ѶȻ
   
   
   Ȼ޷ĵطܵĻҲϣԶԼȻ
   صϡ 磬ʱʹ panic=30 ʹڷ쳣 30 
   Լ ֵΪʹԤĴʽһֱǶȡ
   
   ע⣬ʱ(timeout)趨Ҳɾ /proc/sys/kernel/panic ϵͳ
   (sysctl)ȡ趨
   
  `profile=' 
  
   ķչǿԴĳѡԵ֪ʹ봦ʱԼ
    ԱЧ(efficiency)Ч(performance) ѡ
   ʱ趨۲仯ļ(the profile shift count) ֵһΪҲ
   ڱʱ򿪴˹ܡ㶼Ҫ readprofile.c 
   Դ /proc/profile Ĺߡ
   
  `reboot=' ѡ
  
   ѡõʱ Ǿ /sbin/init 
   Control-Alt-Delete  Linux ֮ࡣ µ v2.0 Ԥ
   Ķ䡯 ȫãϵͳִмȵȣ
   桮ů ûȫãûм飩
   
   ΪԤ俪ΪҪڱ˵ģõģůû취Ӳ
   Ϲ ʹ reboot=w Ϊԭȵķʽůʵκ
   w ͷ趨
   
   Ϊʲţ ĳЩмȡĴŵܹв⵽ů
   Ұݴдŵϡ 俪ܻÿڿȡ
   Ļд(write-back)Ͼͻ©ʧ Ѿ˻رϵͳܻʱ
   С͵ǻ۽ϵͳ (SCSI BIOSes)俪ʱϾõʱ
   ʼʹůĺɡ
   
  `reserve=' 
  
   벺Ҫ⡣ָĸʽǣ
   
     reserve=iobase,extent[,iobase,extent]...
     
   ĳЩҲ豸ʽȥ飨Զ⣩ĳЩ
   豸 ΪӲƵĲʹֹĳЩ̫·
    ᱻϵӲ壬״̬ΪǰıӲ壬 ֻ㲻
   úĳʼӲ塣
   
    reserve ʱڲָһβҪ벺ΧԽ⡣
   ˶ںĵ벺עбΪѾڸôҵ豸 Ϊ
   reserved ע⣬󲿷ݵĻҪ˻ơ ֻ
   ŻҪõⶫ
   
   λָ֮е벺ǿһ֮ǰִ
   check_region() Ա豸⡣ ĳЩ NE2000 ҵ߻
   豸ʽ
   
   ȷ豸ʽӦȥⱣ򣬳һȷָʾ
    ν reserve һʹá ָһα
   Աĳض豸Ļ ȷָ豸Χ 󲿷
   ʽиȷλַͻ벺ע
   
   磬
     _________________________________________________________________
   
        reserve=0x300,32  blah=0x300
     _________________________________________________________________
   
    0x300-0x31f ó `blah' 豸ʽʽȥࡣ
   
   ͬһʱõĸʽҲ 11 ֮ƣ ÿ reserve
   ؼָֻ 5  쳣ӵ󣬿ʹö
   reserve ָ
   
  `vga=' 
  
   ע⣬ⲢǸ LILO ѡ ɺ
   ͬ ȻΪʹñձֵڴ˼һ
    ѡҲԾʹ rdev -v ͬ vidmode ָ vmlinuz 
   趨 ʹ趨ʽܹ Linux ֮ǰʹѶ(video)
   ϵͳıԤʾģʽ ͵ģʽ 80x50, 132x44 ȵȡ ʹ
   ѡõķʽ vga=ask  ǰибʾ
   ʾʹõĸģʽ һб֪ʹõĺ룬Ϳ
   ԰ `ask' λá һѶ渽°ĵ
   linux/Documentation/svga.txt 
   
   ע⣬µĺģ2.1 ϣиıʾģʽ趨ʽѡ Video mode
   selection support ʹ͵ôѡ
   
4. С͵ǻ۽(SCSI)ܱߵ

   һڰйС͵ǻ۽(SCSI)(host adapters) SCSI 
   ֮Ѷ˵
   
4.1 вʽĲ

   вʽŵŴȵȶ濨ԡ
   
  ߼(LUN)(`max_scsi_luns=')
  
   ÿ SCSI 豸涼԰һ豸롣 Щ
   һοԷźüƬӵ SCSI  ÿŹָ֮豸ġ߼
   (Logical Unit Number: LUN)ַ 󲿷ݵ豸ӲŴ
   ȶǵһ豸 ߼Ϊ㡣
   
   ֻһ߼ŵ豸дòþͻ⡣ ĳЩƲ SCSI 
   ɵԼɱϵ豸޷ܲΪ߼⡣ 
   ǻǣпܰ SCSI (bus)һᡣ
   
   µĺһѡ趨Ҫ֮߼š Ԥֻ
   ߼Ա⡣
   
   ʱָҪ߼Լ `max_scsi_luns=n' Ϊ
    n ǽҼƵ֡ Ҫʹ n=1 ԱЩ
   ˡ
   
  SCSI ŴʽĲ(`st=')
  
   SCSI ŴʽĳЩʱÿԽʹвɣ
     _________________________________________________________________
   
        st=buf_size[,write_threshold[,max_bufs]]
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   ǰֵĵλǧλԪ顣Ԥ buf_size  32kB ָΪ
   16384kBĻ write_threshold ȷŴֵԤΪ
   30kB 󻺳⵽װԤֵΪʹá磺
     _________________________________________________________________
   
        st=32,30,2
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   ϸڿ README.st ҵ λ춺ԭʼʽṹ(tree)
   scsi Ŀ¼
   
4.2 SCSI Ĳ

   ڵĳǣ
   
   iobase -- SCSI פĵһ벺 ʮƱʾָͨ
    0x200  0x3ff ֮䡣
   
   irq -- 濨趨ʹõӲжϡ õֵ濨йأ ͨ 5,
   7, 9, 10, 11, 12, Լ 15ֵͨһܱ豸ʹã  IDE Ӳ
   вȵȡ
   
   dma -- 濨ʹõֱӼȡ(Direct Memory Access:DMA)ͨ 
   ֻ춾߻(bus-mastering)Ŀ PCI  VLB 濨߻
   أҲҪκ ISA ֱӼȡͨ
   
   scsi-id --  SCSI ϣ濨ʶʶ롣 ֻĳЩ
   濨ıֵ󲿷ڶò䡣 ͨԤֵߣ
   (Seagate)Լ Future Domain TMC-950 ʹ
   
   parity -- SCSI 濨Ƿӵ豸Ѷʱṩͬλ롣 ָ
   һʾͬλ飬Ϊرա ͬأеĽ濨֧Ԯѡͬ
   λ
   
  Adaptec aha151x, aha152x, aic6260, aic6360, SB16-SCSI (`aha152x=')
  
   aha Ŷտ aic ŶЩʵʵ SCSI Ƭ 
   Soundblaster-16 SCSI
   
   Щ SCSI ĳʽѰҴӿϰװĻϵͳ ûУ
   ҲĿȻ͵ʹʽ
     _________________________________________________________________
   

aha152x=iobase[,irq[,scsi-id[,reconnect[,parity]]]]
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   ע⣬ʽʱд򿪴⣬ֵָ趨
   㼶
   
   в籾ǰ reconnect ֵΪ豸ߣ
   ߡ ʹá£
     _________________________________________________________________
   
        aha152x=0x340,11,7,1
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   ע⣬ָνָͬλ飬 Ҳָ
   iobase, irq, scsi-id Լ reconnect ֵ
   
  Adaptec aha154x (`aha1542=')
  
   Щ aha154x ϵеĿ aha1542 ϵеĿһ i82077 
    aha1540 ϵеĿûС
   
   Щǻؿп趨ƽԡĲ豸
   ûš 
     _________________________________________________________________
   
        aha1542=iobase[,buson,busoff[,dmaspeed]]
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   õ iobase ֵͨǣ 0x130, 0x134, 0x230, 0x234, 0x330, 0x334 
   ֮һ (Clone)ʹֵ
   
   buson, busoff ֵǸÿռùҵ׼ܹ(ISA)ŵĺ
   (microsecond) Ԥֵ 11us on, and 4us offĿ ǹ
   ҵ׼ܹ LANCE ̫·лȡҵ׼ܹš
   
   dmaspeed ֵǽֱӼȡʣ԰λԪÿΪλ Ԥ
   Ϊ 5MB/s °Ŀ(soft-configuration)ѡֵ
    ϾɵĿʹ(jumpers)幻Ļʹ 10MB/s
   ʹ 5MB/s ϵֵС顣
   
  Adaptec aha274x, aha284x, aic7xxx (`aic7xxx=')
  
   ЩԽָܴʽĲ
     _________________________________________________________________
   
        aic7xxx=extended,no_reset
     _________________________________________________________________
   
    extended ֵΪʾ򿪶Դŵת(extended
   translation) no_reset ֵΪǸʽʱ 趨濨
   ʱҪ SCSI š
   
  AdvanSys SCSI Host Adaptors (`advansys=')
  
   AdvanSys ʽܽĸλַ AdvanSys SCSI ע
   ЩֵʹõĻȫӰ EISA  PCI  ⡣ǽ
    ISA Լ VLB 濨У ʽʱд򿪴Ļ
   㼶 ɼ 0xdeb[0-f] 趨
   
  Always IN2000 濨 (`in2000=')
  
    SCSI ͬ IN2000 ʽʹ׼
   (ASCII) ɵǰ(prefix)ִ󲿷ݵ һ֧Ԯ
   
   
   ioport:addr --  addr ǿͨûΨ壩λַ
   
   noreset -- ûѡõĲʱڵ SCSI ö
   
   nosync:x -- x ǸλԪ(bitmask)ǰ߸λԪӦ߸ SCSI 
    λԪǵ豸ƣ
   
   趨еλԪԱԸ豸ͬ(sync)Э(negotiation) ʽ
   Ԥǹر豸֮ͬ
   
   period:ns -- ns (nanoseconds)Ϊλ֮С SCSI ϴʱ
   (period)ԤΪ 500; ɽֵܵ 250  1000
   
   disconnect:x -- x = 0 ߣ2 һߡ x = 1 Ϊ
   ʱߣԤֵ һѡ
   
   debug:x  `DEBUGGING_ON'  x 趨ͬλԪ
    μ in2000.h ж DB_xxx
   
   proc:x --  `PROC_INTERFACE'  x Ǿ /proc ʽ
   ܵλԪ֣μ in2000.h ж PR_xxx
   
   гһЩʹá
     _________________________________________________________________
   
        in2000=ioport:0x220,noreset
        in2000=period:250,disconnect:2,nosync:0x03
        in2000=debug:0x1e
        in2000=proc:3
     _________________________________________________________________
   
  ʹ AMD AM53C974 Ӳ (`AM53C974=')
  
   ʽͬһʹ벺 Ӳжϻֱ
   ȡͨ Ȼ AMD53C974 Ǹ PCI 豸ʵҲҪЩ趨
    ȡ֮濨豸䴫ģʽ봫ʵĲ 
   áͣ
     _________________________________________________________________
   
        AM53C974=7,2,8,15
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   ᱻͳ SCSI-ID 7 Ŀ SCSI-ID 2 豸֮ͨѶ
    ʹ 8MHz ֮ͬģʽʡӦЭ 15 λԪƫֵ ϸ
   Ͽ linux/drivers/scsi/README.AM53C974 ҵ
   
  BusLogic SCSI 濨 v1.2 ĺ (`buslogic=')
  
   ھɰĺУ buslogic ʽֻһλַ 
   ֵ0x130, 0x140, 0x230, 0x234, 0x330, 0x334
   
  BusLogic SCSI 濨 v2.x ĺ (`BusLogic=')
  
    v2.x УBusLogic ʽ עĴСд
   д B Լ L!!!  ϸֱӴ v2.0 е Leonard N.
   Zubkoff's ʽùġ
   
    BusLogic ʽĺ "BusLogic" ʽʶ֣ 
   ԶŸ񿪵ѡУѡԵִɡ ÿ
   жһ BusLogic  ʹö BusLogic ϵͳϿʹ
   趨
   
   һָ濨ڵ I/O λַָԤֵΪ㣬 ʾ
   ΪԤ˳ҵĵһ BusLogic  ָ
   κε I/O λַԤ˳ͻᱻԡ
   
   ڶָ֧Ԯ(Tagged Queuing)Ŀ豸֮ȡ 
   ͬʱͳ SCSI ָûָԤֵΪ㣬 ʾʹ
   ݽ濨ȼĿ࣬ٶȣ ԼĿ豸Զ
   жϵֵ Ҫʹ ISA 󻺳(Bounce Buffers)Ľ濨 
   ԶΪ BusLogic_TaggedQueueDepth_BB Ա DMA 󻺳Ĺ
    ֧ԮĿ豸ʹ BusLogic_UntaggedQueueDepth 
   ȡ
   
   ָͣ(Settle)ʱ䣬Ϊλ ý濨ʹ
   SCSI õ SCSI ָ֮ʱ䡣 ûָԤֵΪ㣬
   ʾʹ BusLogic_DefaultBusSettleTime ֵ
   
   ĸָѡûָԤֵΪ㡣 ע⣬ѡֻ
   ضĽ濨
   
   ָȫѡûָԤֵΪ㡣 ע⣬ȫѡӦ
   еĽ濨
   
   ִѡṩظԼ濨֮ơ
   
   ָ "TQ:" ͷ ȷָǷд֧ԮĿ豸
   ʹ ǿõָѡ
   
   TQ:Default --  BusLogic 汾Լȵ
   ֵǷָΪжϻ
   
   TQ:Enable -- нſϵĿ豸Խ濨
   ơ
   
   TQ:Disable -- нſϵĿ豸ر
   
   TQ:<ÿĿ趨> -- öÿĿ豸 <ÿĿ
   > "Y", "N", and "X" ԪɵĴС "Y" "N" ر
    "X" 汾ΪԤֵ һԪĿ豸 0
   ڶ豸 1ƣ  "Y", "N" and "X" Ԫвδ
   еĿ豸 δָԪΪ "X"
   
   ע⣬ȷָҪʹܻ⣻ ҪǷرնĳЩ
   ûȷʵ˹֮Ŀ豸
   
   ظԵָ "ER:" ͷȷָ SCSI ָʧܣ ޷
   ɹɶ ResetCommand ʱִеĴظ ǿõָѡ
   
   
   ER:Default -- ظ SCSI ϵͳĽѡǿ(Hard Reset)
   豸֮һ
   
   ER:HardReset -- ظʼ濨ǿãҲ SCSI 
   ŵá
   
   ER:BusDeviceReset -- ظͳ豸ѶϢĿ
   
   
   Ŀ豸ٴɴظͳ豸ѶϢ֮Ŀ豸
   ûһγɹ SCSI ָĻ Խǿá
   
   ER:None -- ظᡣ ѡӦֻ SCSI û
   豸ûʹĿ豸޷ظ
   
   ER:<ÿĿ趨> -- ظÿĿ豸иơ <ÿĿ
   趨> "D", "H", "B", and "N" ԪɵĴС "D" ѡԤֵ
   "H" ѡǿã"B" ѡ豸ã "N"ѡá һ
   ԪĿ豸 0ڶ豸 1ƣ  "D", "H" , "B" and
   "N" ԪвδеĿ豸 δָԪΪ "X"
   
   濨ִָ
   
   NoProbe -- ִκһ⣬˲⵽ BusLogic 濨
   
   NoProbeISA -- ׼ ISA I/O λַֻ⵽ PCI 濨
   
   NoSortPCI --  PCI BIOS ṩ˳о PCI 濨 κ
   AutoSCSI "Use Bus And Device # For PCI Scanning Seq." ѡ趨
   
  EATA SCSI 濨 (`eata=')
  
   µ v2.0 ֮ EATA ʽܽһָҪλ
   ַ ʽΪ
     _________________________________________________________________
   

eata=iobase1[,iobase2][,iobase3]...[,iobaseN]
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   ʽ˳Щλַ
   
  Future Domain TMC-8xx, TMC-950 (`tmc8xx=')
  
   Щ SCSI ĳʽѰҴӿϰװĻϵͳ ûУ
   ҲĿ ߣ BIOS ǩ(signature)ִϿҲ
   Ҳ һ㶼ʹʽ
     _________________________________________________________________
   
        tmc8xx=mem_base,irq
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   mem_base ֵǽ濨ʹõļӳ(memory mapped)ֵ 
   ֵ֮ͨһ 0xc8000, 0xca000, 0xcc000, 0xce000, 0xdc000,
   0xde000
   
  Future Domain TMC-16xx, TMC-3260, AHA-2920 (`fdomain=')
  
   ʽһ֪ϵͳΨǩбЩ濨
    бμ linux/drivers/scsi/fdomain.c õǰѶ
   ʽϵĻϵͳʹָʽ
     _________________________________________________________________
   
        fdomain=iobase,irq[,scsi_id]
     _________________________________________________________________
   
  IOMEGA Parallel Port / ZIP drive (`ppa=')
  
   ʽ IOMEGA ZIP ŵ IOMEGA в SCSI  Ҳ
   ԭȵ IOMEGA PPA3 豸ʹá ʽʽΪ
     _________________________________________________________________
   
        ppa=iobase,speed_high,speed_low,nybble
     _________________________________________________________________
   
    iobase ֮ŽΪѡֵıѡòеκһ
     linux/drivers/scsi/README.ppa йǿЩʲϸ
   
   
  NCR5380 based controllers (`ncr5380=')
  
   Ľ濨йأ 5380 ʽӦӦ 
   0x400 λַνӦ  PCI Լ EISA Ӳʹ 0x3ff ϵ
   λַһ 㶼ָλַӲжԼֱӼ
   ȡֵͨ Ӧ濨ġǣ ncr5380=0x350,5,3 ÿ
   ʹжϣ 255(0xff)Ӳжֵرжϵʹá 254 Ӧ
   жֵԶ⡣ ϸڵѶ
   linux/drivers/scsi/README.g_NCR5380 ҵ
   
  NCR53c400 based controllers (`ncr53c400=')
  
   ׼ 53c400 ֧Ԯ׼ 5380 ֧֮Ԯͬʽṩ 
   ȫͬ 53c400 ʹֱӼȡ֮⡣
   
  NCR53c406a based controllers (`ncr53c406a=')
  
   ʽʹָʽ
     _________________________________________________________________
   
        ncr53c406a=PORTBASE,IRQ,FASTPIO
     _________________________________________________________________
   
    IRQ Լ FASTPIO Ϊѡжֵرж֮ʹá ʹһ
   FASTPIO  insl Լ outsl ָȡһλԪ inb Լ outb
   ָ ʽҲɱʱѡ趨ʹֱӼȡ
   
  Pro Audio Spectrum (`pas16=')
  
   PAS16 ʹ NCR5380 SCSI Ƭ¿֧ԮáĸʽΪ
     _________________________________________________________________
   
        pas16=iobase,irq
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   ΨһĲָͬ 255 Ӳжֵ ʽҪʹ
   ϣȻЧܻή͡ iobase ͨ 0x388
   
  Seagate ST-0x (`st0x=')
  
   Щ SCSI ĳʽѰҴӿϰװĻϵͳ ûУ
   ҲĿߣ BIOS ǩִϿҲҲ 
   һ㶼ʹʽ
     _________________________________________________________________
   
        st0x=mem_base,irq
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   mem_base ֵǽ濨ʹõļӳ(memory mapped)ֵ 
   ֵ֮ͨһ 0xc8000, 0xca000, 0xcc000, 0xce000, 0xdc000,
   0xde000
   
  Trantor T128 (`t128=')
  
   Щ濨Ҳ NCR5380 ƬΪѡ
     _________________________________________________________________
   
        t128=mem_base,irq
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   The valid values for mem_base are as follows: 0xcc000, 0xc8000,
   0xdc000, 0xd8000.  mem_base ֵ£ 0xcc000, 0xc8000,
   0xdc000, 0xd8000
   
  Ultrastor SCSI cards (`u14-34f=')
  
   ע⣬˿ʽΪ CONFIG_SCSI_U14_34F ʹ
   u14-34f.c  CONFIG_SCSI_ULTRASTORE ʹ ultrastor.c u14-34f һ
   µ v2.0 һʽµ
     _________________________________________________________________
   

u14-34f=iobase1[,iobase2][,iobase3]...[,iobaseN]
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   ʽ˳Щλַ
   
  Western Digital WD7000 cards (`wd7000=')
  
   ʽѰ֪ĻϵͳΨִ wd7000 
   ֪׼趨 ûȷֵϵĻ
   ϵͳ汾 ʹָʽ
     _________________________________________________________________
   
        wd7000=irq,dma,iobase
     _________________________________________________________________
   
4.3  SCSI 

   ĿǰΪֹ SCSI 濨ʹκʱڲĳЩ£ 
   ֱӱ༭ʽֵд(hard-wire)ȥıҪĻ
   
        Adaptec aha1740 (EISA probing),
        NCR53c7xx,8xx (PCI, both drivers)
        Qlogic Fast (0x230, 0x330)
        Qlogic ISP (PCI)

5. Ӳ

   һг׼ MFM/RLL, ST-506, XT, Լ IDE ŵص
    ע⣬IDE Լǰ ST-506 Ӳʽ `hd=' ѡ
   
5.1 IDE ŵʽ

   IDE ʽܼ ǡΧӴŵ(geometry)Ƚ֮
   ֧Ԯ п֮ժҪ Ҫ֪ϸڣ 
   Ӧȥ linux/Documentation Ŀ¼µ ide.txt  ժҪǴժ
   ¼ġ
     _________________________________________________________________
   

 "hdx="   "a"  "h" е "x" ϣ "hdc" 
 "idex="  "0"  "3" е "x" ϣ "ide1"

 "hdx=noprobe"          : ҲȷиŵǶҪȥ
 "hdx=none"             : ûдŵ cmos ҲҪȥ
 "hdx=nowerr"           : ŵ WRERR_STAT λԪ
 "hdx=cdrom"            : иŵǸ
 "hdx=cyl,head,sect"    : иŵָŵ
 "hdx=autotune"         : ʽѽٶȵ֧Ԯ֮
                                ɳʽ(PIO) ģʽ
                                ˴ŵܽܲС
                                Ƭ඼֧Ԯ
                                ܿʹɵģֵ IDE  
                                ⡣
 "idex=noprobe"         : ҪԴȡʹ
 "idex=base"            : ָλַ棬 "base"
                                ͨ 0x1f0   0x170  
                                 "ctl"   "base"+0x206
 "idex=base,ctl"        : ָ base Լ ctl
 "idex=base,ctl,irq"    : ָ base, ctl, Լ irq  ֵ
 "idex=autotune"        : ʽѽٶȵ֧Ԯ֮
                                ɳʽ(PIO) ģʽ
                                ˴ŵܽܲС
                                Ƭ඼֧Ԯ
                                ܿʹɵģֵ IDE  
                                ⡣
 "idex=noautotune"      : ʽٶȡ
                                 cmd640 ֮⣬Ǵ󲿷ݾ
                                ƬԤֵ
 "idex=serialize"       : ص(overlap) idex  ide(x^1)
                                Ĳ
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   вֻ ide0 Ԥ base, ctl Լ ports ޸ġ
     _________________________________________________________________
   

 "ide0=dtc2278"         : ⣯֧Ԯ DTC2278 
 "ide0=ht6560b"         : ⣯֧Ԯ HT6560B 
 "ide0=cmd640_vlb"      : ʹ CMD640 Ƭ VLB  濨
                          룪PCI 
                           -- Զ⣩
 "ide0=qd6580"          : ⣯֧Ԯ qd580 
 "ide0=ali14xx"         : ⣯֧Ԯ ali14xx Ƭ (ALI M1439/M1445)
 "ide0=umc8672"         : ⣯֧Ԯ umc8672 Ƭ
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   ʹκĶᱻܾõһ "BAD OPTION" ѶϢ
   
5.2 ׼ ST-506 ŵʽѡ(`hd=')

   ׼ŵʽԽܴŵ߼  IDE ʽơע
    ֻϣֵ (C/H/S) -- ĬĬغԵ
   ͬʱֻ `hd='  `hda', `hdb=' ڴ˶ ʽ
   £
     _________________________________________________________________
   
        hd=cyls,heads,sects
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   װŵʹõڶŴŵĹظָ
   
5.3 XT Disk Driver Options (`xd=')

   㲻ҵҪʹЩɵġ8 λԪ Ծ˵ 125kb/s ٶȰϵ
   濨ĶŽҩ ЩĳʽѰҴӿϰװĻ
   ϵͳ ûУҲĿߣ BIOS ǩִ
   ϿҲҲ һ㶼ʹʽ
     _________________________________________________________________
   
        xd=type,irq,iobase,dma_chan
     _________________________________________________________________
   
    type ֵָʾý濨̣ £ 0=generic; 1=DTC;
   2,3,4=Western Digital, 5,6,7=Seagate; 8=OMTI ͬһ֮Ĳ
   ֹͬĻϵͳִ ָ type ͻ᲻ʹá
   
   Щֵ xd_setup() ʽȥ飬Ҽйĸֵ ʧ
   иʹ WD1002 رգεϵͳ ʹáԤ
   ġXT 
     _________________________________________________________________
   
        xd=2,5,0x320,3
     _________________________________________________________________
   
6.  (Non-SCSI/ATAPI/IDE)

   һг춹豸пܵ ע⣬ⲻ SCSI 
   IDE/ATAPI  Щʵ½ڡ
   
   ע⣬󲿷ݹЩļֵһ Ƕһȡõ
   طlinux/Documentation/cdrom
   
6.1 Aztech  (`aztcd=')

   ֽ濨﷨ǣ
     _________________________________________________________________
   
        aztcd=iobase[,magic_number]
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   㽫 magic_number Ϊ 0x79 ʽ߶ʮһ
   δ֪汾ܡ ֵᱻԡ
   
6.2 CDU-31A Լ CDU-33A Sony  (`cdu31a=')

   ˹ڲ Pro Audio Spectrum ЧԼ Sony Ľ
   濨ϡ﷨£
     _________________________________________________________________
   
        cdu31a=iobase,[irq[,is_pas_card]]
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   ָΪ IRQ ֵߴʽ֧ԮӲжϣĳЩ PAS Ŀ 
   Ŀ֧ԮжϣӦʹ֮Խʹʽ봦ʹʡ
   
   ʹ Pro Audio Spectrum Ľ濨 `is_pas_card' Ӧ `PAS'
   ͲӦʹá
   
6.3 CDU-535 Sony  (`sonycd535=')

   ֹ濨﷨ǣ
     _________________________________________________________________
   
        sonycd535=iobase[,irq]
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   ָ IRQ ֵλַռλ(placeholder)
   
6.4 GoldStar  (`gscd=')

   ֹ濨﷨ǣ
     _________________________________________________________________
   
        gscd=iobase
     _________________________________________________________________
   
6.5 ISP16  (`isp16=')

   ֹ濨﷨ǣ
     _________________________________________________________________
   

isp16=[port[,irq[,dma]]][[,]drive_type]
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   ʹΪ irq or dma ʾʹøùܡ  drive_type ֵ
   noisp16, Sanyo, Pansonic, Sony, and Mitsumiʹ noisp16 ᳹׹ص
   ʽ
   
6.6 Mitsumi ׼ (`mcd=')

   ֹ濨﷨ǣ
     _________________________________________________________________
   
        mcd=iobase,[irq[,wait_value]]
     _________________________________________________________________
   
    wait_value Ϊڲʱ趨ЩĻϣ 
   ǷʵʱڵĶֵ
   
6.7 Mitsumi XA/MultiSession  (`mcdx=')

   ĿǰΪֹˡʵԡʽи趨ʽ δʵκβ(as
   of 1.3.15)ʽͬӲ壬 ʽи๦ܡ
   
6.8 Optics Storage  (`optcd=')

   ֽ濨﷨ǣ
     _________________________________________________________________
   
        optcd=iobase
     _________________________________________________________________
   
6.9 Phillips CM206  (`cm206=')

   ֽ濨﷨ǣ
     _________________________________________________________________
   
        cm206=[iobase][,irq]
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   ʽ 3  11 ֮ IRQ ֵ  0x300  0x370 ֮
   벺 ָֻһֵָ˳⡣ 
   Ҳ `cm206=auto' ԴԶ⡣
   
6.10 Sanyo  (`sjcd=')

   ֽ濨﷨ǣ
     _________________________________________________________________
   
        sjcd=iobase[,irq[,dma_channel]]
     _________________________________________________________________
   
6.11 SoundBlaster Pro  (`sbpcd=')

   ֽ濨﷨ǣ
     _________________________________________________________________
   
        sbpcd=iobase,type
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   е type ִ֮һСдв `SoundBlaster',
   `LaserMate', or `SPEA' λַǹλַǸÿЧ
   ݵλַ
   
7. Ӳ豸

   κβʺϷе豸
   
7.1 ̫·豸 (`ether=')

   ͬʽʹòͬĲ ٶ IRQ, I/O λֵַԼ
   ơ׼ĸʽ
     _________________________________________________________________
   

ether=irq,iobase[,param_1[,param_2,...param_8]]],name
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   һֵĲơparam_n ֵÿŲͬ
   Ľ濨ʽͨͬ塣 ͵ param_n ֵָ
   λַѡ DMA ͨȵĶ
   
   ˲÷Ԥֵ⵽һ·ʱǿڶ̫
   · 򵥵ָɣ
     _________________________________________________________________
   
        ether=0,0,eth1
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   ע⣬ IRQ  I/O λַʽԶȥ⡣
   
   ģʹע⣺ ʽΪִڼģ飨뵽
    ʹָǿڶŽ濨 󲿷ݵ Linux ׼ʹ
   һĺģʽ  ether= ֱֻ
   ںʽЧ
   
   ̫·˵(Ethernet-HowTo)жʹö·Լ param_n ֵʹó
   ϣ·ʽЩֵʵȵи㷺ļ Ȥ
   ӦòοļйԼ·½ڡ [2]Ethernet-HowTo
   
7.2 ʽ (`floppy=')

   ʽѡ ȫ linux/drivers/block  README.fd
   С ֱӴӸõȡõѶ
   
   floppy=mask,allowed_drive_mask
   
   趨ʹ֮ŵλԪΪ mask  Ԥ裬ֻÿĵ
   㼰һԪ ΪЩǱ׼Ӳ壨˶ PCI 壩 ڴ
   ȡڶԪʱᵱ̡ѡѾ cmos ѡȡˡ
   
   floppy=all_drives
   
   趨ʹ֮ŵλԪΪдŵ Ͻ
   ϵĴŵĻʹá
   
   floppy=asus_pci
   
   趨λԪΪֻ㼰һԪԤֵ
   
   floppy=daring
   
   ʽиΪõ ϻȽЧʡ
   ƽ˳Щ޷ʹá ԼĳЩݵ
   
   floppy=0,daring
   
   ʽСĿܡ
   
   floppy=one_fdc
   
   ʽֻһԤֵ
   
   floppy=two_fdc or floppy=address,two_fdc
   
   ʽ ڶλ address
   ָĵط ûи addressΪ 0x370 
   
   floppy=thinkpad
   
   ʽһ̨ Thinkpad Thinkpads Ĵŵ·(disk
   change line)֮ʹһ෴
   
   floppy=0,thinkpad
   
   ʽû Thinkpad
   
   floppy=drive,type,cmos
   
   趨 drive  cmos Ϊ type ǣŵλԪбǿ
   õġ ϵĴŵʵ cmos ָֻ Ļ
   ϵͳʹ÷Ǳ׼ CMOS ˡ ǰŵ cmos 
   Ϊ 0Ԥֵ ʹʽΪЩŵȡʵ cmos
   
   floppy=unexpected_interrupts
   
   յԤ֮жʱӡѶϢԤ裩
   
   floppy=no_unexpected_interrupts or floppy=L40SX
   
   յԤ֮жʱӡѶϢ IBM L40SX ϥ͵ĳЩʾģʽ
   Ҫ ⿴Ӱ֮ĳ໥ϵ ˷Ԥ֮жֻ
   ӰЧܣ԰ȫغԡ
   
7.3 Чʽ (`sound=')

   ЧʽҲԽԱʱֵ 
   Ϊӡ ˵ڣReadme.Linux У λ
   linux/drivers/sound ʽĲ
     _________________________________________________________________
   

sound=device1[,device2[,device3...[,device11]]]
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   ÿ deviceN ֵĸʽΪе 0xTaaaId ÿλԪʹ£
   
   T - 豸: 1=FM, 2=SB, 3=PAS, 4=GUS, 5=MPU401, 6=SB16,
   7=SB16-MPU401
   
   aaa - ʮλλַ
   
   I - ʮλ֮ж (i.e 10=a, 11=b, ...)
   
   d - ֱӴȡͨ
   
   ൱ңðԼ豸ֵȥ ʹ
   `sound=0' ȫرЧʽ
   
7.4 Żʽ (`bmouse=')

   ŻʽֻһӲʹõ IRQ ֵ
   
7.5 ΢Żʽ (`msmouse=')

   ΢ʽֻһӲʹõ IRQ ֵ
   
7.6 ӡʽ (`lp=')

   ڸ 1.3.75 ϵĺԸӡʽʹǸԼʹ
   Ǹ 㲻ӡʽõпõĲвߺܷ㣬
   ʽ(e.g. PLIP, PPA)Ϳʹǡ
   
   ĸʽǶ i/o, IRQ ϡ 磬 lp=0x3bc,0,0x378,7 Բ
    IRQ(polling) ģʽʹλ 0x3bc Ĳ Ҷλ 0x378 Ĳʹ
   IRQ 7 λ 0x278 ĲеĻᱻ⵽ ΪԶֻ
   û `lp=' ¡ ʹ lp=0 رӡʽ
   
7.7 ICN λ·(ISDN)ʽ (`icn=')

   λ·ʽΪ
     _________________________________________________________________
   
        icn=iobase,membase,icn_id1,icn_id2
     _________________________________________________________________
   
    iobase Ǹÿ벺λַ membase ǸÿĹλַ
    icn_id Ψһʶ ASCII ʶִ
   
7.8 PCBIT ISDN ʽ (`pcbit=')

   ʽʹһ
     _________________________________________________________________
   
        pcbit=membase1,irq1[,membase2,irq2]
     _________________________________________________________________
   
    membaseN ǵ N ſĹף  irqN ǵ N ſж
    Ԥֵ IRQ 5 Լ membase 0xD000
   
7.9 Teles ISDN ʽ (`teles=')

    ISDN ʽʽΪ
     _________________________________________________________________
   
        teles=iobase,irq,membase,protocol,teles_id
     _________________________________________________________________
   
    iobase Ǹÿ i/o λַ membase ǸÿĹλַ
   irq Ǹÿʹõжϣ  teles_id Ψһʶ ASCII ʶִ
   
7.10 DigiBoard ʽ (`digi=')

   DigiBoard ʽŸ֮ıʶִ ֵΪ
   
        򿪣رոÿ
        ࣺ PC/Xi(0), PC/Xe(1), PC/Xeve(2), PC/Xem(3)
        򿪣ر(alternate pin arrangement)
        ÿϵĲ
        ÿ趨벺ִָΪʮλ
        䴰ĻףִָΪʮλ

   ȷִ֮Լʽ磺
     _________________________________________________________________
   
        digi=E,PC/Xi,D,16,200,D0000
        digi=1,0,0,16,512,851968
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   ע⣬ʽ digi= ԤΪ 0x200  
   Ϊ 0xD0000 ִԶ⡣ һϸڿ
   linux/Documentation/digiboard.txt ҵ
   
7.11 RISCom/8 ಺пʽ (`riscom8=')

   Up to four boards can be supported by supplying four unique i/o port
   values for each individual board installed. Other details can be found
   in the file linux/Documentation/riscom8.txt.
   
   ֧ԮſṩĸΨһ벺ÿſ ϸڿ
   linux/Documentation/riscom8.txt ҵ
   
7.12 Baycom Уݻ (`baycom=')

   Щ豸ʽ¡
     _________________________________________________________________
   
        baycom=modem,io,irq,options[,modem,io,irq,options]
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   ʹ modem=1 ʾ ser12 豸modem=2 ʾ par96 豸 ʹ
   options=0 ʾʹӲ DCDoptions=1 ʾʹ DCD io Լ irq
   һ벺Լж趨  /linux/drivers/char/ Ŀ¼µ
   README.baycom иϸڡ
   
8. 

   㷢ļκĿĴִ󣬻ʱѶ ֪
   ׾ͻῴ©ˡ
   
   лл
   
   Paul Gortmaker, gpg109@rsphy1.anu.edu.au

References

   1. http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/BootPrompt-HOWTO.html
   2. http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/Ethernet-HOWTO.html
