
                               DNS HOWTO 
                                       
: Nicolai Langfeldt [1]janl@math.uio.no
: [2]Asd L. Chen & [3]C.W.Huang

   v1.4.2, 1 January 1998 : 8 January 1998
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   γΪһְС DNS ߣ
     _________________________________________________________________
   
1. ǰ

     * 1.1 Ȩ
     * 1.2 л
     * 1.3 ״
       
2. 

3. ݴרŷ

     * 3.1 ʼ named
       
4. һ򵥵

     * 4.1 һ㴿
     * 4.2 Լ
     * 4.3 
       
5. ʵ

     * 5.1 /etc/named.boot ( /var/named/named.boot)
     * 5.2 /var/named/root.cache
     * 5.3 /var/named/zone/127.0.0
     * 5.4 /var/named/zone/land-5.com
     * 5.5 /var/named/zone/206.6.177
       
6. ά

7. Bind version 8

8. ߵԶ趨

9. 

10. γΪһ͵ DNS 
     _________________________________________________________________
   
1. ǰ

   ؼ: DNS, bind, named, dialup, ppp, slip, Internet, domain, name,
   hosts, resolving
   
1.1 Ȩ

   (C)opyright 1995 Nicolai Langfeldt. Do not modify without amending
   copyright, distribute freely but retain copyright message.
   û޶Ȩ޸ģɢ뱣ȨѶϢ
   
1.2 л

   ҪĶļĲݸ岢ṩý Arnt Gulbrandsen 
   л֮⣮ ҲҪлЩĸҵˣ
   
   ļԶɵһ죬Լɹľĸң 
   ʹΪһݸõ˵ļǮԼ/ĸ
   [4]janl@ifi.uio.no ŸҲϣõشֻòȷ
   ŵַȷҿģ УдŸǰĶ [5]FAQ һڣ
   
   뷭ƪ HOWTO 磬Ҳ֪ҵ±ɺ
   :-).
   
1.3 ״

   ˵ļ׸ Anne Line Norheim LangfeldtȻԶ
   ĶļΪ͵Ů
   
2. 

   ʲԼⲻʲ
   
   ȣDNS ϵͳ(Domain Name System) ΪĹԼ
   ЩתΪ IP ֵ壮  HOWTO ļ˵ Linux 
   ĶӦ Ӧָµϵƣ ftp.linux.org Լ
    IP ֣ 199.249.150.4
   
   DNS(㣻)ԣ·бȽϻްĵط֮һ ˵
   ļüһ㣮һ򵥵 DNS ŷ
    ʼ˵ݴר(caching only)ŷȻΪһ
   Ҫ(primary)ŷ 춸ӵ趨Բοļ [6]FAQ һ
   ڣ ˵㽫Ķļ ҽ [7]һ عͷ˵
   νļЩ
   
   Կʼ֮ǰӦҪúĻԱԴԶǩ
   ԼԶǩ룬 ʹиֶ·߶ܳɹؽ
   УӦҪܹ 127.0.0.1 Զǩ벢ҽԼ̨(
   ھ!) ͬʱҲҪһõ /etc/host.conf,
   /etc/resolv.conf Լ /etc/hosts Ϊʼ Ϊҽ
   ǵĹܣ㻹ûЩ趨ʹ the
   networking/NET-2 HOWTO ǣĶ֮
   
   ʹ SLIP  PPP ҪĻ
    [8]PPP HOWTO
   
   ˵Ļʱҵ˼Ҫ DNS ̨ 
   κο·
   
   Ҽ㲢Ǵκλ谭Ʋѯķǽ森㽫
   Ҫر趨 μ [9]FAQ һڣ
   
    Unix ϵƷǽһ֧Ϊ named ĳʽִеģ 
   bind ׼һݣ׼ Paul Vixie Ϊ·弯(Internet
   Software Consortium)Эչģ 󲿷ֵ Linux ׼
   namedͨװ /usr/sbin/named ϵͳи named 
   ſֱʹûеĻԴĳ Linux ftp վȡһݶ
   λִеǴ [10]ftp.isc.org:/isc/bind/src/cur/ Ŀ¼ȡ
   ԭʼʽ룮 ļ˵ bind version 4 ģ㰲װ version 8 
   ҪԼ취һڿܻЩ
   
   DNS Ǹ·ΪΧ(net-wide)Ͽ⣮ҪСŽϣ 
   Щȥ㣬Լ˶ȡЩ  DNS 
   һ㽫ܴȡõķ ѧϰȥʹ׷Ĵ
   㽫һ·ΪƶЧʵĺùߣ
   
   ļҶȻȫʵ(Ȼһ
   ) ȫΪ˼򻯣˵Щž
   
   Ҫ: ѾӵҪȥıĵЩҪݣ
   һЩı֮ûжᶯĻԻظɵģ
   Σ
   
3. ݴרŷ

   DNS õֳԣԲʹ߷ǳã
   
   һ̨ݴרŷΪƲѯҳ𰸲һҪǸ
   ʱǵô𰸣
   
   ҪһΪ /etc/named.boot ĵ named ʱȡ
    ĿǰӦõذ:
     _________________________________________________________________
   
;  Boot file for nicolais caching name server
;
directory /var/named
;
; type          domain                          source file or host
cache           .                               root.cache
primary         0.0.127.in-addr.arpa            pz/127.0.0
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   ǳҪ: ļĳЩ汾бڵһǿհԪǰ
   һЩո tab  ЩӦóڵУ HOWTO 
   ǵɾκǰĿհף
   
   `directory' һи named ȥѰĵ
   춴Ŀ¼ģ  Linux ϵͳ׼ȷĿ¼Ӧ /var/named
    pz λ /var/named ֮µģҲǣ/var/named/pz
   
   Ϊ /var/named/root.cache ڴģ 
   /var/named/root.cache Ӧð:
     _________________________________________________________________
   
 .       518400  NS      D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
 .       518400  NS      E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
 .       518400  NS      I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
 .       518400  NS      F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
 .       518400  NS      G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
 .       518400  NS      A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
 .       518400  NS      H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
 .       518400  NS      B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
 .       518400  NS      C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
;
D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     3600000 A       128.8.10.90
E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     3600000 A       192.203.230.10
I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     3600000 A       192.36.148.17
F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     3600000 A       192.5.5.241
G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     3600000 A       192.112.36.4
A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     3600000 A       198.41.0.4
H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     3600000 A       128.63.2.53
B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     3600000 A       128.9.0.107
C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     3600000 A       192.33.4.12
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   ס˵ҪȥհԪ!
   
   ϵĸŷʱı䲢ұ
   ά ܱʱμ [11]άƪ  named ʹֲ
   ⣬ҿʺЩѾ˽ named ǣ
   
    named.boot һ primary һУ ҽ½
   ÷ĿǰֻҪΪ pz Ŀ¼һΪ 127.0.0 ĵ:
     _________________________________________________________________
   
@               IN      SOA     linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. (
                                1       ; Serial
                                28800   ; Refresh
                                7200    ; Retry
                                604800  ; Expire
                                86400)  ; Minimum TTL
                        NS      ns.linux.bogus.
1                       PTR     localhost.
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   Ҫһݿ /etc/resolv.conf :
     _________________________________________________________________
   
search subdomain.your-domain.edu your-domain.edu
nameserver 127.0.0.1
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   `search' һָκӦѰ
   `nameserver' һָĻĸλַҵһ̨ŷ 
   Լ̨Ϊִ named г
   ŷǶһ `nameserver' ÿո (ע:
   named Ӳȡʹ named ƽȡ)
   
   ˵һʲ: ĳͻ˳ҪѰ foo Ļ 
   ȳԵ foo.subdomain.your-domain.edu ƣ Ȼ
   foo.your-fomain.edu ƣ foo ƣ ĳͻ
   ҪѰ sunsite.unc.edu Ļ ȳԵ
   sunsite.unc.edu.subdomain.your-domain.edu (û汿! 
   ) Ȼ sunsite.unc.edu.your-domain.edu ƣ
    sunsite.unc.edu ƣ ̫ܲ search 
   ȥѰǻ໨ʱ䣮
   
    subdomain.your-domain.edu  Ļ
   ܻΪ your-machine.subdomain.your-domain.edu  search ﲻ
   Ӧð TLD ( Top Level Domain edu 
   ) 㾭Ҫߵһ԰Ѹ
   ؼӽ search :
     _________________________________________________________________
   
search subdomain.your-domain.edu your-domain.edu other-domain.com
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   ƣԵ÷ʵȡЩƣע
   Ƶ沢ûо '.'
   
    libc 汾ĲͬҪ /etc/nsswitch.conf 
   /etc/host.conf 
   
   /etc/nsswitch.conf
   
   һܳĵָδȥȡøֲ̬ͬʲᵵ
   Ͽȡã Ķ˾һЩõע⣮ҳ `hosts:' Ϊ
   ͷһУӦ:
     _________________________________________________________________
   
hosts:      files dns
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   û `hosts:' Ϊͷһмȥ ˵
   ʽӦ /etc/hosts ѰȻ resolv.conf ѯ DNS
   
   /etc/host.conf
   
   ܰУӦһ order Ϊʼ:
     _________________________________________________________________
   
order hosts,bind
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   û `order' һеĻӦһȥ 
   ʽ /etc/hosts ѰȻŷ ( resolv.conf 
   ˵ 127.0.0.1 ط) ڴ󲿷 Linux ׼
    resolv(8) ʹֲ(ִ `man 8 resolv' ) 
   ֲҾÿɿÿˣر DNS ߣӦҪĶ ھ
   Լ˵"Ὣȥ"㽫Զȥӽ
   
3.1 ʼ named

   ЩȫͿʼ named ˣʹòߵĻ
   ·  `ndc start' Ұ RETURN ûѡ еĻ
   ʹ `/usr/sbin/ndc start' ȡ ٲеĻο [12]FAQ һڣ
   Բ趨ʼ named ʱ۲һ (ʹ
   tail -f /var/adm/messages ָ)ϵͳ¼ѶϢ (ͨǳΪ
   /var/adm/messages ĵҲ /var/log £ǽ syslog ĵ
   ) ӦûῴһЩ:
   
Jun 30 21:50:55 roke named[2258]: starting.  named 4.9.4-REL Sun Jun 30 21:29:0
3 MET DST 1996   janl@roke.slip.ifi.uio.no:/var/tmp/bind/named
Jun 30 21:50:55 roke named[2258]: cache zone "" loaded (serial 0)
Jun 30 21:50:55 roke named[2258]: primary zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" loaded (s
erial 1)

   κι춴ѶϢи named ָдĵ
   ( named.boot Լ root.cache ֮һ:-) ɱ named 򲢻
   ͷЩ
   
   ڿ nslookup һĹ:
   
$ nslookup
Default Server:  localhost
Address:  127.0.0.1

>

   õĻӦѾܹϣõκ
   Ӧͷÿһ£ ÿһı named.boot ֮㶼ʹ
   ndc restart ָʼ named ʽ
   
   ѯѰĳЩĻpat.uio.no ҲԶ
   Oslo Ĵѧ:
   
> pat.uio.no
Server:  localhost
Address:  127.0.0.1

Name:    pat.uio.no
Address:  129.240.2.50

    nslookup Ҫ named Ѱ pat.uio.no ̨ Ȼ(named)
   ϵ root.cache ָŷһ̨ Ҵ
   μȥȡý֮ǰܵûһʱ䣬 ΪѰ
   /etc/resolv.conf ָ
   
   һεĻ㽫õ:
   
> pat.uio.no
Server:  localhost
Address:  127.0.0.1

Non-authoritative answer:
Name:    pat.uio.no
Address:  129.240.2.50

   עõ `Non-authoritative answer:' һУ  named
   ˴βδ·ȥʣȡ֮ݴѰҵ
    ݴѶܻʱ `Non-authorative answer:' 
   ֪(΢)ΣԴڣ  nslookup ˵ڶβĳ̨
   ʱ named ݴѶһѶϢ ʹ
   `exit' ָ뿪 nslookup ʽ
   
   Ǹ(ppp, slip) ʹĶ [13]רڣһЩ
   Ľ飮
   
   ֪һܹݴ named ϵͳơƣţ̣κ
   ϲĶףɣ
   
4. һ򵥵

   νԼ
   
4.1 һ㴿

   ĿʼһǰҽṩһЩ DNS ۣ
   ӦĶΪ森㲻ҪҲúܿԶ
   һ£ 㿴Ӧ÷Ž named.boot ȥʱֹͣԶʽ
   
   DNS һײʽϵͳ䶥д `.' ䷢Ϊ `root'   . ֮
   (TLDs)֪ ORG, COM, EDU Լ NET ⼸ǻ
   ࣮
   
   Ѱһ̨ʱѯԵݻطӶ˿ʼ Ҫҳ
   prep.ai.mit.edu λַʱŷҵ edu һ̨ŷ
    ȥ root.cache  . ŷһ edu ŷ
   б
   
$ nslookup
Default Server:  localhost
Address:  127.0.0.1

   ʼĳ̨ŷ
   
> server c.root-servers.net.
Default Server:  c.root-servers.net
Address:  192.33.4.12

   趨ѯ̬Ϊ NS (ŷ¼ name server records)
   
> set q=ns

   ʹ edu. ϣ
   
> edu.

   β . ǳҪ߸ŷʵ edu  . ֮µ
   һ СѰġΧ
   
edu     nameserver = A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
edu     nameserver = H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
edu     nameserver = B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
edu     nameserver = C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
edu     nameserver = D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
edu     nameserver = E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
edu     nameserver = I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
edu     nameserver = F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
edu     nameserver = G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET      internet address = 198.41.0.4
H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET      internet address = 128.63.2.53
B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET      internet address = 128.9.0.107
C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET      internet address = 192.33.4.12
D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET      internet address = 128.8.10.90
E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET      internet address = 192.203.230.10
I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET      internet address = 192.36.148.17
F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET      internet address = 192.5.5.241
G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET      internet address = 192.112.36.4

    *.root-servers.net  edu. ǿԽ˼
   c ŷ Ҫ֪˭һ mit.edu. :
   
> mit.edu.
Server:  c.root-servers.net
Address:  192.33.4.12

Non-authoritative answer:
mit.edu nameserver = STRAWB.mit.edu
mit.edu nameserver = W20NS.mit.edu
mit.edu nameserver = BITSY.mit.edu

Authoritative answers can be found from:
STRAWB.mit.edu  internet address = 18.71.0.151
W20NS.mit.edu   internet address = 18.70.0.160
BITSY.mit.edu   internet address = 18.72.0.3

   steawb, w20ns Լ bitsy  mit ѡһҲѯ
   ai.mit.edu:
   
> server W20NS.mit.edu.

   ƲִСдʹûЩөĻĿ
   
Server:  W20NS.mit.edu
Address:  18.70.0.160

> ai.mit.edu.
Server:  W20NS.mit.edu
Address:  18.70.0.160

Non-authoritative answer:
ai.mit.edu      nameserver = WHEATIES.AI.MIT.EDU
ai.mit.edu      nameserver = ALPHA-BITS.AI.MIT.EDU
ai.mit.edu      nameserver = GRAPE-NUTS.AI.MIT.EDU
ai.mit.edu      nameserver = TRIX.AI.MIT.EDU
ai.mit.edu      nameserver = MUESLI.AI.MIT.EDU

Authoritative answers can be found from:
AI.MIT.EDU      nameserver = WHEATIES.AI.MIT.EDU
AI.MIT.EDU      nameserver = ALPHA-BITS.AI.MIT.EDU
AI.MIT.EDU      nameserver = GRAPE-NUTS.AI.MIT.EDU
AI.MIT.EDU      nameserver = TRIX.AI.MIT.EDU
AI.MIT.EDU      nameserver = MUESLI.AI.MIT.EDU
WHEATIES.AI.MIT.EDU     internet address = 128.52.32.13
WHEATIES.AI.MIT.EDU     internet address = 128.52.35.13
ALPHA-BITS.AI.MIT.EDU   internet address = 128.52.32.5
ALPHA-BITS.AI.MIT.EDU   internet address = 128.52.37.5
GRAPE-NUTS.AI.MIT.EDU   internet address = 128.52.32.4
GRAPE-NUTS.AI.MIT.EDU   internet address = 128.52.36.4
TRIX.AI.MIT.EDU internet address = 128.52.32.6
TRIX.AI.MIT.EDU internet address = 128.52.38.6
MUESLI.AI.MIT.EDU       internet address = 128.52.32.7
MUESLI.AI.MIT.EDU       internet address = 128.52.39.7

    weaties.ai.mit.edu  ai.mit.edu һ̨ŷ:
   
> server WHEATIES.AI.MIT.EDU.
Default Server:  WHEATIES.AI.MIT.EDU
Addresses:  128.52.32.13, 128.52.35.13

   Ҹıѯ̬ѾҵŷǽҪѯ
   wheaties  prep.ai.mit.edu ֪κ飮
   
> set q=any
> prep.ai.mit.edu.
Server:  WHEATIES.AI.MIT.EDU
Addresses:  128.52.32.13, 128.52.35.13

prep.ai.mit.edu CPU = dec/decstation-5000.25    OS = unix
prep.ai.mit.edu
        inet address = 18.159.0.42, protocol = tcp
         #21 #23 #25 #79
prep.ai.mit.edu preference = 1, mail exchanger = life.ai.mit.edu
prep.ai.mit.edu internet address = 18.159.0.42
ai.mit.edu      nameserver = alpha-bits.ai.mit.edu
ai.mit.edu      nameserver = wheaties.ai.mit.edu
ai.mit.edu      nameserver = grape-nuts.ai.mit.edu
ai.mit.edu      nameserver = mini-wheats.ai.mit.edu
ai.mit.edu      nameserver = trix.ai.mit.edu
ai.mit.edu      nameserver = muesli.ai.mit.edu
ai.mit.edu      nameserver = count-chocula.ai.mit.edu
ai.mit.edu      nameserver = life.ai.mit.edu
ai.mit.edu      nameserver = mintaka.lcs.mit.edu
life.ai.mit.edu internet address = 128.52.32.80
alpha-bits.ai.mit.edu   internet address = 128.52.32.5
wheaties.ai.mit.edu     internet address = 128.52.35.13
wheaties.ai.mit.edu     internet address = 128.52.32.13
grape-nuts.ai.mit.edu   internet address = 128.52.36.4
grape-nuts.ai.mit.edu   internet address = 128.52.32.4
mini-wheats.ai.mit.edu  internet address = 128.52.32.11
mini-wheats.ai.mit.edu  internet address = 128.52.54.11
mintaka.lcs.mit.edu     internet address = 18.26.0.36

   Ǵ . ʼҳһŷ ʹ
   Լ DNS ŷЩŷ  named Ȼݴ
   ЩΪѰʱҵѶ һʱٴβ
   
   
   һȽٱۼͬҪ in-addr.arpa Ҳ
   ġһǳ״ģ in-addr.arpa ǿӵλַʱ
   ֪ƣ мҪҪע in-addr.arpa 
    ip Է˳дģ ĳ̨λַ: 192.128.52.43 
    named  prep.ai.mit.edu ķʽ: ҳ arpa. 
   ҳ in-addr.arpa. ŷȻҳ 192.in-addr.arpa. ŷ
    ҳ 128.192.in-addr.arpa. ŷҳ
   52.128.192.in-addr.arpa. ŷ ҳ֮
   43.52.128.192.in-addr.arpa. ļ¼? (˵ǵġ) ͷⷴ
   ҲһЩţ
   
   ʵƭģDNS ȫȫҸѾ
   ˣ
   
4.2 Լ

   Լǽᴴ linux.bogus Ҷ
   еĻ ʹһȫԱȷǲҵ·
   ϵط
   
   Ѿ named.boot һпʼݵ趨:
     _________________________________________________________________
   
primary         0.0.127.in-addr.arpa            pz/127.0.0
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   עƽβûм `.' ţ һаѶ
   0.0.127.in-addr.arpa ĵΪ pz/127.0.0 Ѿ
   :
     _________________________________________________________________
   
@               IN      SOA     linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. (
                                1       ; Serial
                                28800   ; Refresh
                                7200    ; Retry
                                604800  ; Expire
                                86400)  ; Minimum TTL
                        NS      ns.linux.bogus.
1                       PTR     localhost.
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   עеƽβ `.' ţᵽ
   named.boot γɶԱȣ Щϲ $ORIGIN ָʼÿ򵵰
   ǲҪģ һ򵵰Ļ( DNS ײܹλ)
   named.boot ġָģ 
   0.0.127.in-addr.arpa
   
   򵵰а֡Դ¼(resource records, RRs): һ
   SOA Դ¼һ NS Դ¼Լһ PTR ¼ SOA Ȩ
   ʼ(Start Of Authority)д`@' Ǹ˼Ϊǣ Ϊ
   ġ˵ 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa Եһʵָ
   
  0.0.127.IN-ADDR.ARPA. IN      SOA ...

   NS ŷԴ¼ DNS ʲ
   0.0.127.in-addr.arpa ŷҲ ns.linux.bogus.  PTR
   ¼˵ 1 ( 1.0.0.127.IN-ADDR.ARPA, Ҳ 127.0.0.1)
   localhost
   
   SOA ¼򵵰ģÿһ򵵰ﶼӦΨһ
   һͷļ¼ Ӻζ(һ̨Ϊ linux.bogus 
   )˭(hostmaster@linux.bogus) 򵵰ʲ
   (serial: 1)ԼģйݴҪŷ£ ʣµ
   λ refresh, retry, expire Լ minimum ʹļõ
   ֶӦò⣮
   
   ʼ named(ʹ ndc restart ָ)ʹ nslookup 
   ʲ:
   
$ nslookup

Default Server:  localhost
Address:  127.0.0.1

> 127.0.0.1
Server:  localhost
Address:  127.0.0.1

Name:    localhost
Address:  127.0.0.1

    127.0.0.1 õ localhost Ḷ́ܺã ڿʼǵҪ
   linux.bogus   named.boot  µһ primary ָ
   :
     _________________________________________________________________
   
primary               linux.bogus                     pz/linux.bogus
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   ע⣬ named.boot ƵĽβû '.' ţ
   
    linux.bogus 򵵰ǽһЩȫ:
     _________________________________________________________________
   
;
; Zone file for linux.bogus
;
; Mandatory minimum for a working domain
;
@       IN      SOA     linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. (
                        199511301       ; serial, todays date + todays serial #
                        28800           ; refresh, seconds
                        7200            ; retry, seconds
                        3600000         ; expire, seconds
                        86400 )         ; minimum, seconds
                NS      ns.linux.bogus.
                NS      ns.friend.bogus.
                MX      10 mail.linux.bogus   ; Primary Mail Exchanger
                MX      20 mail.friend.bogus. ; Secondary Mail Exchanger

localhost       A       127.0.0.1
ns              A       127.0.0.2
mail            A       127.0.0.4
     _________________________________________________________________
   
    SOA ¼Ҫע⣮ ns.linux.bogus  һ̨ A 
   ¼  SOA ¼ CNAME ¼ΪƵĻǲϷģ
   ֲһҪ nsκκϷƣ 
   hostmaster.linux.bogus ӦñΪ hostmaster@linux.bogusӦһ
   ʼλַ ά DNS ˾ŵλַκι춴
   żᱻ͵λַ ֲһҪ hostmasterκκϷ
   ĵʼλַȻλַ `hostmaster' Ӧܹ
   
   һµԴ¼̬ MX ̬ʼԴ
   ¼(Mail eXchanger RR) Դ¼̬ʵϵͳַ
   someone@linux.bogus ʼҪ͵ 仰˵ҲӦü͵
   mail.linux.bogus  mail.friend.bogus ÿǰ
   MX Դ¼ȨֱȽϵ (10) Դ¼ʼҪӦüĻ
    ʧܿ԰ֱȽϸߵĻһ̨ҪʼߣҲ
   Ȩ 20  mail.friend.bogus
   
    ndc restart ʼ named nslookup :
   
$ nslookup
> set q=any
> linux.bogus
Server:  localhost
Address:  127.0.0.1

linux.bogus
        origin = linux.bogus
        mail addr = hostmaster.linux.bogus
        serial = 199511301
        refresh = 28800 (8 hours)
        retry   = 7200 (2 hours)
        expire  = 604800 (7 days)
        minimum ttl = 86400 (1 day)
linux.bogus     nameserver = ns.linux.bogus
linux.bogus     nameserver = ns.friend.bogus
linux.bogus     preference = 10, mail exchanger = mail.linux.bogus.linux.bogus
linux.bogus     preference = 20, mail exchanger = mail.friend.bogus
linux.bogus     nameserver = ns.linux.bogus
linux.bogus     nameserver = ns.friend.bogus
ns.linux.bogus  internet address = 127.0.0.2
mail.linux.bogus        internet address = 127.0.0.4

   Сĵؼ㽫ᷢһһ
   
  linux.bogus     preference = 10, mail exchanger = mail.linux.bogus.linux.bogu
s

   ȫˣӦ
   
  linux.bogus     preference = 10, mail exchanger = mail.linux.bogus

   ҹⷸ˸Խѧϰ:-) ϸ򵵰ǻᷢһ
   
   
@              MX      10 mail.linux.bogus     ; Primary Mail Exchanger

   ©һ㣮˵˸ `linux.bogus' 򵵰һ
   ƲԾββ㣮Բ
     _________________________________________________________________
   
@              MX      10 mail.linux.bogus.    ; Primary Mail Exchanger
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
@              MX      10 mail                 ; Primary Mail Exchanger
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   ȷģұȽϲʽҪĴֱȽ٣ һ򵵰
   ӦҪд `.' β߾һ㶼Ҫȥ
   ԤΪ㣮Ҳϲһַʽ
   
   ұǿ named.boot 治Ӧ `.' Ĵڣ 
   ֪жٴΪ˻һ `.' ˲Ҷţ
   
   ڼǿصõһµ򵵰лһЩ
   Ѷ:
     _________________________________________________________________
   
;
; Zone file for linux.bogus
;
; Mandatory minimum for a working domain
;
@       IN      SOA     linux.bogus.    hostmaster.linux.bogus. (
                        199511301       ; serial, todays date + todays serial #
                        28800           ; refresh, seconds
                        7200            ; retry, seconds
                        604800          ; expire, seconds
                        86400 )         ; minimum, seconds

                NS      ns              ; Inet Address of name server
                NS      ns.friend.bogus.
                MX      10 mail         ; Primary Mail Exchanger
                MX      20 mail.friend.bogus. ; Secondary Mail Exchanger

localhost       A       127.0.0.1
ns              A       127.0.0.2
mail            A       127.0.0.4
;
; Extras
;
@               TXT     "Linux.Bogus, your DNS consultants"

ns              MX      10 mail
                MX      20 mail.friend.bogus.
                HINFO   "Pentium" "Linux 1.2"
                TXT     "RMS"
richard         CNAME   ns
www             CNAME   ns

donald          A       127.0.0.3
                MX      10 mail
                MX      20 mail.friend.bogus.
                HINFO   "i486"  "Linux 1.2"
                TXT     "DEK"

mail            MX      10 mail
                MX      20 mail.friend.bogus.
                HINFO   "386sx" "Linux 1.0.9"

ftp             A       127.0.0.5
                MX      10 mail
                MX      20 mail.friend.bogus.
                HINFO   "P6" "Linux 1.3.59"
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   ҲҪƶǰ A ¼Աǿؼ¼
   ǰˣ
   
   мµԴ¼: Ѷ(HINFO: Host INFOrmation) 
    ʹźÿǸϰߣһǻϵӲ봦
   Ԫ ڶǻϵҵϵͳns һ Pentium CPU 
   ִ Linux 1.2 ϵͳ TXT ¼Ǹּ¼¼
   飮 ʽ(CNAME: Canonical NAME)ÿ̨ƣ 
    richard Լ www  ns һ Ҫһ A, MX, CNAME,
   Լ SOA ¼Զò CNAME ¼趨ı ֻӦò A ¼
   趨ƣļ¼Ǵ
     _________________________________________________________________
   
foobar  CNAME   richard                 ; NO!
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   ǶԵ
     _________________________________________________________________
   
foobar  CNAME   ns                      ; Yes!
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   һҲҪעʽ趨ĶԵʵλַԲǺϷ
   : webmaster@www.linux.bogus 趨һϷĵʵ
   λַ ʹϵͳϿԤϵǺеʼ߻ȥ
   ʵ ķʹ A ¼(ҲһЩģ
    MX ¼)ȡ֮:
     _________________________________________________________________
   
www     A       127.0.0.2
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   Paul Vixie, Ҫ named רң鲻Ҫʹ CNAME 趨 Ӧÿ
   ǲҪȥʹ
   
   ִ ndc reload µϿ⣬ʹ named һζȡ䵵
   
$ nslookup
Default Server:  localhost
Address:  127.0.0.1

> ls -d linux.bogus

   ָӦгеļ¼
   
[localhost]
 linux.bogus.                   SOA   ns.linux.bogus hostmaster.linux.bogus. (1
99511301 28800 7200 604800 86400)
 linux.bogus.                   NS    ns.linux.bogus
 linux.bogus.                   NS    ns.friend.bogus
 linux.bogus.                   MX    10   mail.linux.bogus
 linux.bogus.                   MX    20   mail.friend.bogus
 linux.bogus.                   TXT   "Linux.Bogus, your DNS consultants"
 localhost                      A     127.0.0.1
 mail                           A     127.0.0.4
 mail                           MX    10   mail.linux.bogus
 mail                           MX    20   mail.friend.bogus
 mail                           HINFO 386sx       Linux 1.0.9
 donald                         A     127.0.0.3
 donald                         MX    10   mail.linux.bogus
 donald                         MX    20   mail.friend.bogus
 donald                         HINFO i486        Linux 1.2
 donald                         TXT   "DEK"
 www                            CNAME ns.linux.bogus
 richard                        CNAME ns.linux.bogus
 ftp                            A     127.0.0.5
 ftp                            MX    10   mail.linux.bogus
 ftp                            MX    20   mail.friend.bogus
 ftp                            HINFO P6          Linux 1.3.59
 ns                             A     127.0.0.2
 ns                             MX    10   mail.linux.bogus
 ns                             MX    20   mail.friend.bogus
 ns                             HINFO Pentium     Linux 1.2
 ns                             TXT   "RMS"
 linux.bogus.                   SOA   ns.linux.bogus hostmaster.linux.bogus. (1
99511301 28800 7200 604800 86400)

   ܺãǼ춵 www ˵ʲ:
   
> set q=any
> www.linux.bogus.
Server:  localhost
Address:  127.0.0.1

www.linux.bogus canonical name = ns.linux.bogus

   ...仰˵www.linux.bogus  ns.linux.bogus
   
linux.bogus     nameserver = ns.linux.bogus
linux.bogus     nameserver = ns.friend.bogus
ns.linux.bogus  internet address = 127.0.0.2

    ns.linux.bogus ӵ 127.0.0.2 λַҲܺã
   
4.3 

   ȻǸ߶ģеλַҲǣЩ
    ʵһʵһڣ
   
5. ʵ

   гһЩ򵵰
   
   ʹ߽ҼһʵӣΪҶ
   ֮͵Ĳ
   
   м±: ǧҪŵŷ! 
   οĶͺãʵ飬ӣ Ҿ LAND-5 
   David Bullock ͬʹӣЩ 1996 ¶ʮ
    ڲѯ LAND-5 ŷܻᷢͬ У
   סɾȥǰĿհ :-)
   
5.1 /etc/named.boot ( /var/named/named.boot)

   ǷҪ primary ķ: һ 127.0.0һ LAND-5 
   · 206.6.177 һи land-5.com 򣮻һҪע
   ƪｫ pz Ŀ¼ Ƿŵ zone Ŀ¼
     _________________________________________________________________
   
;  Boot file for LAND-5 name server
;
directory /var/named
;
; type          domain                          source file or host
cache           .                               root.cache
primary         0.0.127.in-addr.arpa            zone/127.0.0
primary         177.6.206.in-addr.arpa          zone/206.6.177
primary         land-5.com                      zone/land-5.com
     _________________________________________________________________
   
5.2 /var/named/root.cache

   סǶ̬ģгǾɵģԼ dig һµ
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
; <<>> DiG 2.1 <<>>
;; res options: init recurs defnam dnsrch
;; got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 6
;; flags: qr rd ra; Ques: 1, Ans: 9, Auth: 0, Addit: 9
;; QUESTIONS:
;;      ., type = NS, class = IN

;; ANSWERS:
 .       518357  NS      H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
 .       518357  NS      B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
 .       518357  NS      C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
 .       518357  NS      D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
 .       518357  NS      E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
 .       518357  NS      I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
 .       518357  NS      F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
 .       518357  NS      G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
 .       518357  NS      A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

;; ADDITIONAL RECORDS:
H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     165593  A       128.63.2.53
B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     165593  A       128.9.0.107
C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     222766  A       192.33.4.12
D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     165593  A       128.8.10.90
E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     165593  A       192.203.230.10
I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     165593  A       192.36.148.17
F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     299616  A       192.5.5.241
G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     165593  A       192.112.36.4
A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     165593  A       198.41.0.4

;; Total query time: 250 msec
;; FROM: land-5 to SERVER: default ---- 127.0.0.1
;; WHEN: Fri Sep 20 10:11:22 1996
;; MSG SIZE  sent: 17  rcvd: 312
     _________________________________________________________________
   
5.3 /var/named/zone/127.0.0

   ǻģʡԵ SOA ¼Լ 127.0.0.1 ָ localhost ļ
   ¼ ߶ǱģӦĶڴ˵УԶظ
   £ŷ˵ַı䣮
     _________________________________________________________________
   
@               IN      SOA     land-5.com. root.land-5.com. (
                                199609203       ; Serial
                                28800   ; Refresh
                                7200    ; Retry
                                604800  ; Expire
                                86400)  ; Minimum TTL
                        NS      land-5.com.

1                       PTR     localhost.
     _________________________________________________________________
   
5.4 /var/named/zone/land-5.com

   ǿ SOA ¼Ҫ NS ¼ ǿԿһ
   Ҫŷ ns2.psi.net ҲӦǱҪģǱһҪ
   ŷΪݣ ǻΪ LAND-5 вͬ
    CNAME ¼ (һ A ¼)
   
    SOA ¼һ򵵰 land-5.com ʼ
   root@land-5.com (serial) yyyymmdd ĸʽϵĺ; 
    1996 ¶ʮĵ汾򵵰 סű뵥ص
   ֻһλֱʾĺ룬 ڱ༭Ŵ֮ȵ
   ٱ༭[ע] Ӧÿλ֣
   
   [ע]
          ߿ܻΪʲ᲻ 1996092010 ? Ҳǵģ
          Ȼԣ һα൵ʱʲ?  199609211
          ־ͱ 1996092010 ҪСˣ 鷳߽
          Ӧλ֣ 1996092006
     _________________________________________________________________
   
@       IN      SOA     land-5.com. root.land-5.com. (
                        199609206       ; serial, todays date + todays serial #
                        10800           ; refresh, seconds
                        7200            ; retry, seconds
                        10800           ; expire, seconds
                        86400 )         ; minimum, seconds
                NS      land-5.com.
                NS      ns2.psi.net.
                MX      10 land-5.com.  ; Primary Mail Exchanger

localhost       A       127.0.0.1

router          A       206.6.177.1

land-5.com.     A       206.6.177.2
ns              CNAME   land-5.com.
ftp             CNAME   land-5.com.
www             CNAME   land-5.com.
mail            CNAME   land-5.com.
news            CNAME   land-5.com.

funn            A       206.6.177.3
illusions       CNAME   funn.land-5.com.
@               TXT     "LAND-5 Corporation"

;
;       Workstations
;
ws_177200       A       206.6.177.200
                MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
ws_177201       A       206.6.177.201
                MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
ws_177202       A       206.6.177.202
                MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
ws_177203       A       206.6.177.203
                MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
ws_177204       A       206.6.177.204
                MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
ws_177205       A       206.6.177.205
                MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
; {Many repetitive definitions deleted - SNIP}
ws_177250       A       206.6.177.250
                MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
ws_177251       A       206.6.177.251
                MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
ws_177252       A       206.6.177.252
                MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
ws_177253       A       206.6.177.253
                MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
ws_177254       A       206.6.177.254
                MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   һֵעеĹվûиƣһͷ
   λ IP ֣ ĹԴؼάе㲻㣬
   ңʵϿĿͻԴ
   
5.5 /var/named/zone/206.6.177

   ҽ˵
     _________________________________________________________________
   
@               IN      SOA     land-5.com. root.land-5.com. (
                                199609206       ; Serial
                                28800   ; Refresh
                                7200    ; Retry
                                604800  ; Expire
                                86400)  ; Minimum TTL
                        NS      land-5.com.
                        NS      ns2.psi.net.
;
;       Servers
;
1       PTR     router.land-5.com.
2       PTR     land-5.com.
3       PTR     funn.land-5.com.
;
;       Workstations
;
200     PTR     ws_177200.land-5.com.
201     PTR     ws_177201.land-5.com.
202     PTR     ws_177202.land-5.com.
203     PTR     ws_177203.land-5.com.
204     PTR     ws_177204.land-5.com.
205     PTR     ws_177205.land-5.com.
; {Many repetitive definitions deleted - SNIP}
250     PTR     ws_177250.land-5.com.
251     PTR     ws_177251.land-5.com.
252     PTR     ws_177252.land-5.com.
253     PTR     ws_177253.land-5.com.
254     PTR     ws_177254.land-5.com.
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   ƺ趨ͷʹĲݣл IP ʱ
   ѯõģ : һ irc ŷ irc ͻ˵ߣ 
   ŲŷֻϣŲ˹άǹҵߣ 
   ӵԿͻ˵ʱ C ʽܹ߻ IP λַΪͻ
   ˵ IP ǰڴ·еģ ȻԺһʽ
   gethostbyaddr Ը IP ѯƣ gethostbyaddr ʽ DNS ѯ
   ʣDNS ͻȥѯ̨ƣ ͻ ws_177200.land-5.com
   C ʽṩ irc ŷ IP  206.6.177.200 Ϊҳ
   Ҫѯ 200.177.6.206.in-addr.arpaDNS ŷҵ arpa. 
    Ȼҵ in-addr.arpa. ŷǷ 206Ȼ 6
   ҵ LAND-5  177.6.206.in-addr.arpa ŷ ɴǵ
    200.177.6.206.in-addr.arpa Ĵ 'PTR ws_177200.land-5.com' ¼
    ָӵ IP 206.6.177.200  ws_177200.land-5.com 
    prep.ai.mit.edu βѯʱ˵΢е㲻ԣ
   
   ص irc ŷӣirc ŷֻ˹άǹҵߣҲ
   ǣ *.no, *.se, *.dkws_177200.land-5.com Ȼκ
   Щ ŷܾߣûо in-addr.arpa 
   206.2.177.200 ķӦ ŷ޷鵽ƶ
   206.2.177.200  *.no, *.se  *.dk ȽϣȻҲϵģ
   
   Щ˻㷴ӦѯֻŷҪһҲҪ Ȼ:
    ftp, news, irc  http ŷ޷鵽ƵĻߣ 
   ʵϻķƶӦǱģ
   
6. ά

   ά
   
   άǵļִ֮⣬ named 㻹иάҪ Ǿά
    root.cache ĸ£򵥵ķʹ dig ʽ Ȳκβ
   ִ dig ʽ㽫ȡôԼŷõ root.cache Ȼ
   dig @rootserver . ns гĸŷ֮һ 㽫ע⵽
   ǳһ root.cache һѶ⣮Щ
   ʲ ŵ(dig @e.root-servers.net . ns
   >root.cache.new)ȡԭɵ root.cache 
   
   ȡԭȵĵ֮Ҫǵ named ʽ
   
   Al Longyear ĸָ壬Զִ named.cacheΪ
   װ crontab ĿȻ ָĵʼ
   `hostmaster' ʼж壮Ӧ޶Ա趨
     _________________________________________________________________
   
#!/bin/sh
#
# Update the nameserver cache information file once per month.
# This is run automatically by a cron entry.
#
(
 echo "To: hostmaster <hostmaster>"
 echo "From: system <root>"
 echo "Subject: Automatic update of the named.boot file"
 echo

 export PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin:
 cd /var/named

 dig @rs.internic.net . ns >root.cache.new

 echo "The named.boot file has been updated to contain the following informatio
n:"
 echo
 cat root.cache.new

 chown root.root root.cache.new
 chmod 444 root.cache.new
 rm -f root.cache.old
 mv root.cache root.cache.old
 mv root.cache.new root.cache
 ndc restart
 echo
 echo "The nameserver has been restarted to ensure that the update is complete.
"
 echo "The previous root.cache file is now called /var/named/root.cache.old."
) 2>&1 | /usr/lib/sendmail -t
exit 0
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   Щ˿ ftp  Internic õ root.cache  벻Ҫ ftp 
   root.cacheᵽķΪ
   
7. Bind version 8

   Bind version 8 µ bind һûгʹã David E. Smith
   < [14]dave@bureau42.ml.org> УдСڵŲݣ
   
   û̫Ĳͬʹ named.conf  named.boot, Ŷͬ 
    bind 8 һ perl ָɸʽĵתµģ һ
   רŷ named.boot (ɸʽ):
     _________________________________________________________________
   
directory /var/named
cache   .                                       root.hint
primary 0.0.127.IN-ADDR.ARPA                    127.0.0.zone
primary localhost                               localhost.zone
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   ָ£ bind8/src/bin/named Ŀ¼м:
     _________________________________________________________________
   
named-bootconf.pl < named.boot > named.conf
     _________________________________________________________________
   
    named.conf:
     _________________________________________________________________
   
// generated by named-bootconf.pl

options {
        directory "/var/named";
};

zone "." {
        type hint;
        file "root.hint";
};

zone "0.0.127.IN-ADDR.ARPA" {
        type master;
        file "127.0.0.zone";
};

zone "localhost" {
        type master;
        file "localhost.zone";
};
     _________________________________________________________________
   
    named.boot еÿתȻδ bind 8 
   ǿѡ зݽ named.conf ͬ£Ч
   һ㣮
     _________________________________________________________________
   
// This is a configuration file for named (from BIND 8.1 or later).
// It would normally be installed as /etc/named.conf.
// The only change made from the `stock' named.conf (aside from this
// comment :) is that the directory line was uncommented, since I
// already had the zone files in /var/named.

options {
        directory "/var/named";
        check-names master warn;                /* default. */
        datasize 20M;
};

zone "localhost" IN {
        type master;
        file "localhost.zone";
        check-names fail;
        allow-update { none; };
        allow-transfer { any; };
};

zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN {
        type master;
        file "127.0.0.zone";
        check-names fail;
        allow-update { none; };
        allow-transfer { any; };
};

zone "." IN {
        type hint;
        file "root.hint";
};
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   bind8/src/bin/named/test Լ򵵰Ŀ˿ֱ
   ޸ʹã
   
   򵵰 root.hint (root.cache) ȫͬǵָҲǣ
   
8. ߵԶ趨

   һڽ趨ԱÿԶ ҵķһ㶼ʺ㣬
   ܴһЩõһЩӣ ͬʱʹ PPP ӣȻ
   ʹ slip  cslip ߷ʽ 趨Ｘÿط
   ܸҵĲͬ  slip ʹõ dip ʽӦܹ
   
   
   һ˵û·ʱҵ resolv.conf ذһ
   
domain uio.no

   ȷҲصȴƽʽȥϵĳ̨ܰҵŷ
    ǵߵʱҪʼҵ named ӵһǰ
    resolv.conf  ҽɱ resolv.conf ġ塯
   resolv.conf.local Լ resolv.conf.connected ⣮ һ
   ǰ resolv.conf 
   
   ҪԶߵ·ĹִһΪ `ppp-on' ָ:
     _________________________________________________________________
   
#!/bin/sh
echo calling...
pppd
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   pppd иΪ options ĵ pppd ȡߵһЩ
   һҵ ppp  pppd ʼһΪ ip-up ָ( pppd 
   ʹֲ) Ǹָһ:
     _________________________________________________________________
   
#!/bin/sh
interface="$1"
device="$2"
speed="$3"
myip="$4"
upip="$5"
 ...
cp -v /etc/resolv.conf.connected /etc/resolv.conf
 ...
/usr/sbin/named
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   仰˵ʼҵ named ʽ ppp ʱ pppd ִһΪ
   ip-down ָ:
     _________________________________________________________________
   
#!/bin/sh
cp /etc/resolv.conf.local /etc/resolv.conf
read namedpid < /var/run/named.pid
kill $namedpid
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   ʱò趨˲ʱòسʽ
   
   ĳЩʽ irc  talk˹ļٶΪ乤
   ޸ hosts   ip-up ϼ
     _________________________________________________________________
   
cp /etc/hosts.ppp /etc/hosts
echo $myip      roke >>/etc/hosts
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   hosts.ppp Ǽ򵥵ذ
     _________________________________________________________________
   
127.0.0.1       localhost
     _________________________________________________________________
   
    echo ָյ IP Ϊһ(roke) Ӧø
   Լƣ hostname ָ
   
   ûߵ·ʱִ named ܲ Ϊ named ᳢
   ͳѯ·϶ֹʱ(timeout)ܳ ÿĳЩʽԽ
   һƵʱ͵õȴֹʱޣ ʹòӵĻӦ
   ʱʼ named ʱɱ ο [15]FAQ һڵʾ
   
   ĳЩϲٵʹ forwarders ָ ·ṩ
   1.2.3.4 Լ 1.2.3.5  DNS ŷԲһ
     _________________________________________________________________
   
forwarders 1.2.3.4 1.2.3.5
     _________________________________________________________________
   
    named.boot ȥ ⽫Դ IP ΢
   ȣ·ѵĻرҪ ⻹иӼֵ
   Ϊһݴ named άӦ: 㲻Ҫȥһյ
   root.cache 
   
9. 

   ҽгһЩ DNS Լļ⣮н :-) 
   дŸǰĶڣ
   
    1. ڷǽ֮ʹ DNS ?
       һЩʾ: `forwarders', `slave', Լοļб
    2.  DNS ṩĿλַĳһ www.busy.site Իø
       ƽƵЧ?
       Ϊ www.busy.site  A ¼ʹ bind 4.9.3 İ汾
         bind ʹ round-robin 㷨Ѱ𰸣ⲻڸ汾
       bind Ϲ
    3. һյ Intranet ϼ DNSҸ?
       ݴ浵ֻ򵵰Ҳʾ㽫Ҫݴ浵
    4. ҵϵͳû ndc ʽҸ?
       ϵͳװһɵģܹڵ bind ʽ ȫԶҪ:
       ̽ bind ǣҲɵģ ֱִ named
        ndc start ndc reload  named.reload  ndc restart 
       named.restart Щʽܶ /usr/sbin 
    5. νҪŷ?
       Ҫŷĵַ 127.0.0.1 ĴҪŷ
       named.boot зһ:
         _____________________________________________________________
       
  secondary     linux.bogus             127.0.0.1       sz/linux.bogus
         _____________________________________________________________
       
    6. ϣʱ bind ԼִУ
       յ Ian Clark < [16]ic@deakin.edu.au> żΰ쵽
       㣮
       
I run named on my 'Masquerading' machine here. I have
two root.cache files, one called root.cache.real which contains
the real root server names and the other called root.cache.fake
which contains...

--------------
; root.cache.fake
; this file contains no information
--------------

When I go off line I copy the root.cache.fake file to root.cache and
restart named.

When I go online I copy root.cache.real to root.cache and restart
named.

This is done from ip-down & ip-up respectively.

The first time I do a query off line on a domain name named doesn't
have details for it puts an entry like this in messages..

Jan 28 20:10:11 hazchem named[10147]: No root nameserver for class IN

which I can live with.

It certainly seems to work for me. I can use the nameserver for
local machines while off the 'net without the timeout delay for
external domain names and I while on the 'net queries for external
domains work normally

    7. ŷݴϱǶ? κηԿĴС?
       еݴ϶ڼУκʱᱻдŵУ ÿ
       ɱ named ʱЩݴϾûˣûκηԿݴϣ
       named һЩ򵥵ķ㲻κκηݴ
       ϻС ϣԼȥ named ĳʽñ
       
    8. ʼ named ֮䱣ݴ? ҿ԰?
       ! named ɱʱᱣݴϣ ˵ݴϱÿɱ
       ʼ named ½ ûа취 named ݴϴ浽
        ϣԼȥ named ĳʽñ
       
10. γΪһ͵ DNS 

   ļԼ
   
   ļϵĻӡõģҪС DNS  DNS 
   һĶЩļǱҪģ ӡõı׼ο DNS and BIND by C.
   Liu and P. Albitz from O'Reilly & Associates, Sebastopol, CA, ISBN
   0-937175-82-X Ҷܰһ TCP/IP Network
   Administration, by Craig Hunt from O'Reilly..., ISBN 0-937175-82-X һ
   ǹ DNS ģһԹ DNS ܺõ(Ƕκһ๤ܺ)
    Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance,  Robert M.
   Prisig  ISBN 0688052304
   
   ϵҵ [17]http://www.dns.net/dnsrd/,
   [18]http://www.isc.org/bind.html; ⼯οֲ(BOG; Bind
   Operations Guide)ЭĶԼ DNS оף ЩļҴ󲿷û
   ĶҲǸ DNS ߣ һ Arnt Gulbrandsen 
    BOG ҶԴ˺ :-) ·Ⱥ
   [19]comp.protocols.tcp-ip.domains й DNS Ⱥ ⻹кü
    DNS  RFCsҪĿЩ:
   
   RFC 2052
          A. Gulbrandsen, P. Vixie, A DNS RR for specifying the location
          of services (DNS SRV), October 1996
          
   RFC 1918
          Y. Rekhter, R. Moskowitz, D. Karrenberg, G. de Groot, E. Lear,
          Address Allocation for Private Internets, 02/29/1996.
          
   RFC 1912
          D. Barr, Common DNS Operational and Configuration Errors,
          02/28/1996.
          
   RFC 1713
          A. Romao, Tools for DNS debugging, 11/03/1994.
          
   RFC 1712
          C. Farrell, M. Schulze, S. Pleitner, D. Baldoni, DNS Encoding
          of Geographical Location, 11/01/1994.
          
   RFC 1183
          R. Ullmann, P. Mockapetris, L. Mamakos, C. Everhart, New DNS RR
          Definitions, 10/08/1990.
          
   RFC 1035
          P. Mockapetris, Domain names - implementation and
          specification, 11/01/1987.
          
   RFC 1034
          P. Mockapetris, Domain names - concepts and facilities,
          11/01/1987.
          
   RFC 1033
          M. Lottor, Domain administrators operations guide, 11/01/1987.
          
   RFC 1032
          M. Stahl, Domain administrators guide, 11/01/1987.
          
   RFC 974
          C. Partridge, Mail routing and the domain system, 01/01/1986.

References

   1. mailto:janl@math.uio.no
   2. http://ultima.ncnu.edu.tw/~asdchen/
   3. http://www.phys.ntu.edu.tw/~cwhuang/pub/
   4. mailto:janl@ifi.uio.no
   5. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.461/DNS-HOWTO.txt.html#qanda
   6. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.461/DNS-HOWTO.txt.html#qanda
   7. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.461/DNS-HOWTO.txt.html#bigger
   8. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.461/PPP-HOWTO.html
   9. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.461/DNS-HOWTO.txt.html#qanda
  10. ftp://ftp.vix.com/pub/bind/
  11. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.461/DNS-HOWTO.txt.html#maint
  12. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.461/DNS-HOWTO.txt.html#qanda
  13. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.461/DNS-HOWTO.txt.html#auto
  14. mailto:dave@bureau42.ml.org
  15. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.461/DNS-HOWTO.txt.html#qanda
  16. mailto:ic@deakin.edu.au
  17. http://www.dns.net/dnsrd/
  18. http://www.isc.org/bind.html
  19. news:comp.protocols.tcp-ip.domains
