  NFS HOWTO
  Nicolai Langfeldt janl@linpro.no
  Version 1.0, 1 October 1999
  앐Y nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp
  Version 1.0j1, 23 October 1999

  NFS NCAgƃT[o̐ݒ@B
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ڎ

  1. O
     1.1 @IȂ
     1.2 Ɛ
     1.3 tB[hobN
     1.4 ̑

  2. README.first
  3. NFS T[o̐ݒ
     3.1 ݒ̑O
     3.2 ͂߂̂
     3.3 |[g}bp (portmapper)
     3.4 mountd  nfsd

  4. NFS NCAg̐ݒ
     4.1 mount ̃IvV
     4.2 NFS œK

  5. xCʂĂ NFS
  6. ZLeB NFS
     6.1 NCAg̃ZLeB
     6.2 T[õZLeB: nfsd
     6.3 T[õZLeB: |[g}bp
     6.4 NFS ƃt@CAEH[
     6.5 ܂Ƃ

  7. }Eg̃`FbNXg
  8. FAQ
  9. t@CVXeGNX|[g
     9.1 IRIX, HP-UX, Digital-UNIX, Ultrix, SunOS 4 (Solaris 1), AIX
     9.2 Solaris 2

  10. Linux 2.2 ɂ NFS
     10.1 NCAg
     10.2 T[o

  11. tbs[N NFS T[o
     11.1 ͂߂
     11.2 
     11.3 Kv
     11.4 T[õZbgAbv
        11.4.1 Վ NFS T[ou[g
        11.4.2 tbs[ CDROM }Eg
        11.4.3 ՎT[õlbg[NZbgAbv
        11.4.4 NFS L̃ZbgAbv
        11.4.5 NFS T[osB
        11.4.6 BCXg[Jn
     11.5 guV[g
        11.5.1 ̂ƂȂB
     11.6 TODO
        11.6.1 DOS fBXN
        11.6.2 rpc R}h

  12. PC-NFS

  ______________________________________________________________________

  1.  O

  1.1.  @IȂ

  (C)opyright 1997-1999 Nicolai Langfeldt and Ron Peters.  Do not modify
  without amending copyright, distribute freely but retain this
  paragraph.  The FAQ section is based on a NFS FAQ compiled by Alan
  Cox.  The Checklist section is based on a mount problem checklist
  compiled by the IBM Corporation.  The nfs-server-on-a-floppy section
  was written by Ron Peters.

  ̒̕쌠 (C)opyright 1997-1999 Nicolai Langfeldt ɂ
  B̕Cꍇ͒쌠\ɂ̎|LĉB̒i
  cĂΎRɍĔzz邱Ƃł܂B FAQ ZNV Alan
  Cox ɂĕ҂܂ꂽ NFS FAQ ɂĂ܂B`FbNXg̐߂
  IBM Corporation ɂĕ҂܂ꂽ mount problem checklist ɂĂ
  ܂Butbs[N NFS T[oṽZNV Ron Peters 
  ̂łB

  󒍁F|͒앐Ys܂B (C)opyright 1997-1999 Takeo Nakano

  1.2.  Ɛ

  Neither Nicolai Langfeldt, Ron Peters, nor their employers, or anyone
  else, take any responsebility for what might happen if you follow the
  instructions in this document.  If you choose to follow the
  instructions in any case, good luck!

  Nicolai Langfeldt  Ron Peters ނ̌ٗp҂₻̑ǂȐlA
  ɏĂɏ]ʂȂɉN낤ƁAؐӔCƂ
  ܂B𓥂܂Őɏ]ȂAǂK^!

  1.3.  tB[hobN

  ͂̕܂̂ł͂܂B HOWTO ǂ
  ɂ邽߂ɁA_␬ȂǂɂĕM҂Ƀ[𑗂ĉB
  ARgAȂǂ janl@math.uio.no ܂ŁB܂tbs[N
  NFS T[oɊւĂ rpeters@hevanet.com ܂ŁB[𑗂AԐM
  ]ꍇɂ́AԐM̃AhX@\Ă邱Ƃꂮm
  Fĉ悤ɂ肢܂Bǂꂾ̃[sBŖ߂
  邩AƑzȂł傤B

  󒍁F|ɊւRg͒앐Y nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp ܂ł
  ܂B{̖|ɓẮA肳AȂ߂A{
   JF [OXg̊FɗLvȂwE܂B܂
  ɕ䂳ɂ͑̍ZRg܂B

  1.4.  ̑

   HOWTO |󂷂ꍇɒm点ĉBǂ̌Ɏ̖O
  ڂm肽̂ :-)

  ̕ƂɊ߁A܂̗Lvȏꂽ Olaf Kirch
  Ɋ (ƃO`X :-)B

   HOWTO  Anne Line Norheim Langfeldt ɕBƂĂޏ
  ̕ǂނƂ͖낤ǁBނ̏̎qȂ
  Ȃ - Nicolai

  2.  README.first

  NFS (Network File System) ɂ͎O̏dvȓ܂B

  o  NFS pƃlbg[NŐڑꂽzXgԂŃt@CLł
     悤ɂȂ܂B

  o  Ă̏ꍇ͂܂܂B

  o  NFS ̓VXeɃZLeB̖񎝂݂܂B
     ̖݂͂ȃNbJ[ɗǂmĂ̂ŁAȂ̃t@Cɑ
     ANZX (readAwrite  delete) N\
     B

  ̕ł͂̓_ꂼɂďqׂłB̃̕Z
  LeBɊւ߂͕Kǂނ悤ɂĉBԔȃZLeBz
  [cĂ͂Ȃł傤HZLeBɊւ镔͋ZpI
  xȓe܂ނƂ̂ŁA IP lbg[LO֘Apɑ΂
  x̒mKvƂ܂B킩ȂtoĂÃlb
  g[N֘A HOWTO ǂނAlbg[NǗɊւ鏑Ђǂ
  ŁA TCP/IP ̗pɊ悤ɂĉB͂ɂ UNIX
   Linux }V̊Ǘɂ͕KvȂƂłB̕Ɋւ
  ɗǂ{ЉĂ܂傤B Craig Hunt ɂ TCP/IP Network
  Administration ŁAoŎЂ O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. łB̖{
  ǂœe𗝉΁Aȍ~ETɋJ邱Ƃ͂ȂȂł傤
  :-)B

  󒍁F̖{͓{łI[ЂłĂ܂BḾuTCP/IP lbg
  [NǗvłB

  NFS ̃guV[g̖ɗZNV 2 ݂܂B ``}E
  g̃`FbNXg''  ``FAQ'' łB܂Ȃꍇɂ́A
  ̐߂QƂĉB

  Linux 2.0 p nfsd ̃z[TCg ftp.mathematik.th-
  darmstadt.de:/pub/linux/okir łB nfsd ŃRpCKv
  l₻l͂ւǂB

  Linux 2.2 ɂ NFS ̏ ``Linux 2.2 ̐'' ĂB

  3.  NFS T[o̐ݒ

  3.1.  ݒ̑O

   HOWTO ǂݐi߂OɁA܂T[oyуNCAgƂĎg}V
  ̊ԂŁAꂼ݂ telnet ʐMł悤ɐݒ肵ĂKv
  ܂B̐ݒ肪ȂĂȂꍇ́A NET-3 HOWTO Ȃǂǂ
  Kvȃlbg[NݒsĉB

  3.2.  ͂߂̂

  ͂Ƃ NFS T[õZbgAbv܂KvłBǎ҂ł邠
  Ȃw̃lbg[NɎQĂꍇɂ́A炭 NFS
  T[oɑ݂Ă邱Ƃł傤B̃T[oɑ΂ANZX
  A HOWTO ̐ݒ̂߂ɓǂłꍇɂ́Ȁ͂ǂ
  Kv͂܂B ``NFS NCAg̐ݒ'' ɐiŉB

  ܂ Linux ȊÕ}V NFS T[oɂꍇ́AVXẽ}jA
  TāAT[o@\̗グ@ƁAt@CVXe NFS ɂ
   export @Ƃ𗝉Kv܂B HOWTO ɂÂ
  낢ȃVXeŃT[o𗧂グ@ɂĐ߂݂Ă
  ܂BT[oƂĂ̐ݒׂčsƂłA HOWTO ̎
  ͂ɐiŉB邢͂̏͂ǂݐił݂Ăǂ܂B
  ̏͂ŏqׂĂeɂ́AT[oɂ}V̎ނɂ炸ɗ
  Ƃꕔ܂܂Ă܂B

  }łĺA ``Linux 2.2 ̐'' Ă炱ǂłB

  āA܂œǂݐiłȂ́Aȉ̂悤Ȃ̃vO
  ̐ݒ邱ƂɂȂ܂B

  3.3.  |[g}bp (portmapper)

  |[g}bp Linux ł portmap  rpc.portmap Ƃt@C
  ȂĂ܂B̃VXe man y[WɂƁÁuDARPA |[g
   RPC vOԍɃ}bvvOvƂȂĂ܂BāA
  ̃vO{ HOWTO ɂŏ̃ZLeBEz[ƂȂ
  B̌ǂ@ɂĂ ``NFS ̃ZLeB'' ɏĂ
  B悤łAKǂł悤ɂĉB

  ł̓|[g}bpN܂傤B炭 /usr/sbin fBNg
  portmap  rpc.portmap ƂOő݂Ă͂ł (ꕔ̃VXe
  ł rpcbind ƂȂĂ邱Ƃ܂)BƂ肠͎蓮ŋN
  ΗǂłÃvO̓VXeu[g邽тɎs
  ̂łA rc XNvgɋLqĂƂ悢ł傤B rc XNvg
  ɊւĂ init  man y[WɏڂLqł傤B炭
  /etc/rc.d  /etc/init.d, /etc/rc.d/init.d ̃fBNgɂ
  ͂łB inet ̂悤ȃt@Ĉ̂A炭ҏWΏۂƂׂX
  NvgłBAǂ̂悤ɕҏW΂悢Ƃ̂͂ HOWTO
  ͈̔͂zĂ܂̂ŐG܂Bă|[g}bvNAs
  Ă邩܂ ps aux ŁA rpcinfo -p ŊmF܂傤BĂ܂
  H낵B

  ƁAӓ_܂B|[g}bpւ̃[g̃ANZX
  /etc/hosts.allow t@C /etc/hosts.deny t@C̋LqɂĐ
  ܂B|[g}bpĂ̂ rpcinfo -p Ɏsꍇ́A
  ̃t@C`FbNĂBLqɊւڍׂ ``ZL
  eB̐'' ĂB

  3.4.  mountd  nfsd

  ɕKvɂȂvO mountd  nfsd łBN
  OɁA܂ʂ̃t@CҏWȂ΂Ȃ܂B /etc/exports łB
  Ⴆ eris Ƃ}Vɂ /mn/eris/local ƂfBNgȉ
  apollon Ƃ}V痘pł悤ɂꍇl܂傤B
  ꍇ eris  /etc/export Ɉȉ̂悤ȍs}܂B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  /mn/eris/local  apollon(rw)
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ł appllon  /mn/eris/local ւ̓ǂݏ̋^Ă܂B
  rw ̑ ro Ƃ邱ƂłȀꍇ͓ǂݏőɂȂ
  ܂ (ȂΓǂݏő^܂)Bɂ
  IvV ܂ÂZLeBɊ֘Âɂ
  ͌ŐGłBIvVׂ̂Ă exports  man y[
  WɋLq܂BȂƂꐶɈx͖ڂʂĂׂł傤B
  ܂ exports ɂ͑SẴzXgKv͂ȂA֗
  @܂BႦ NIS  NYS (YP Ƃ݂邩
  ) gĂꍇ́AlbgO[vɂw肪\łB NIS 
  gĂȂĂA}Eg^zXg̎wɃhC̃Ch
  J[h IP ̃Tulbgp邱Ƃł܂B̂悤Ɉꗥ
  ^Ƃ́AȂ[Uɂ܂ŃANZX^
  ȂǂӂKv܂B

  :  exports t@C̏͑ Unix ŎĝƂ͈قȂ
  Ă܂B Unix ɂ exports t@CɊւẮA HOWTO 
  ʂ̐߂݂Ă܂B

  ł mountd (rpc.mountd Ƃt@C܂)  nfsd (
   rpc.nfsd ) N邱Ƃɂ܂傤B̃vO͂
   exports t@CQƂ܂B

  /etc/exports ҏWA mountd  nfsd Ƀt@CύXꂽ
  m点Kv܂B`Iȕ@ exportfs s邱Ƃł
  AĂ Linux zzpbP[Wɂ exportfs vO͓Ă
  ܂B̂悤ȏꍇ͈ȉ̃XNvgg̃zXgɏƗ
  ł傤B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  #!/bin/sh
  killall -HUP /usr/sbin/rpc.mountd
  killall -HUP /usr/sbin/rpc.nfsd
  echo re-exported file systems
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ̃t@CႦ /usr/sbin/exportfs ƂOŕۑAYꂸ
  chmod a+rx ܂Bȍ~ exports t@CҏW邽т root ɂȂ
  Ă exportfs R}hsĉB

  ł mountd  nfsd ƎsĂ邩mF܂傤B܂
  rpcinfo -p sĉBȉ̂悤ȕ\oƎv܂B

  ______________________________________________________________________
     program vers proto   port
      100000    2   tcp    111  portmapper
      100000    2   udp    111  portmapper
      100005    1   udp    745  mountd
      100005    1   tcp    747  mountd
      100003    2   udp   2049  nfs
      100003    2   tcp   2049  nfs
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ̂悤Ƀ|[g}bpɂ portmapper g mountdA nfsd Ai
  EX܂B

  rpcinfo: can't contact portmapper: RPC: Remote system error -
  Connection refused  RPC_PROG_NOT_REGISTERED Ƃ悤ȕ\o
  ɂ́A|[g}bpsĂ܂B邢
  /etc/hosts.{allow.deny} ̋Lq|[g}bpɍpāAԓȂ
  悤ɂĂ̂܂B̃t@CɊւڍׂ ``Z
  LeB̐'' ĂB No remote programs registered.  Ƃ
  \oꍇ̓|[g}bpɖ₢킹鋖A
  ȂĂ܂B nfsdA mountd ƃ|[g}bp kill āAx
  sȂĂ݂ĉB

  |[g}bp̃T[rXɊւ\mFA ps ɂĂmF
  ݂ĉB|[g}bp̓T[rXvOIłT[rX|
  [g񍐂Ă܂̂ŁAȂ ps Ń`FbNĂ݂
  ꍇ܂B

  u[g̓x mountd  nfsd Nꍇɂ́A|[g}bp
  ̏ꍇƓ悤ɃVXe rc XNvgCKv܂B
  炭قƂǂ̏ꍇɂ́AȂ̃}VɊɃXNvg݂Ă
  Ǝv܂B̏ꍇ͕KvȕRgAEgāAKvȃf[
  K؂ȎsxŋN悤ɂ邾łB

  ǂłׂ man y[ẂA portmap, mountd, nfsd, exports łB

  āA܂Ŏ̌ĂƂׂĎsꂽA NFS NCA
  gN邽߂̏ƂɂȂ܂B

  4.  NFS NCAg̐ݒ

  ܂J[l NFS t@CVXe̋@\Kv܂B
  ɑgݍނAW[Ƃėpł悤ɂ邩ĂĉB
  ̓J[lRpCOɎw肵܂B܂xJ[l̃R
  pCƂ̂Ȃl kernel HOWTO Ȃǂǂł΂ĉ
  B܂ǂłzzpbP[W (Red Hat Ȃ) gĂāA܂
  J[l⃂W[ĂȂ (܂䖳ɂĂȂ :-) 
  ȂA炭 NFS ͂łɗpł悤ɂȂĂł傤B

   root ̃vvgœK؂ mount R}hs΃t@CV
  Xe𗘗pł悤ɂȂ܂BȌ̗͂𑱂邱ƂɂāA
  eris  /mn/eris/local }Egꍇl܂B̏ꍇ͈ȉ
  悤ȃR}hɂȂ܂B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  mount -o rsize=1024,wsize=1024 eris:/mn/eris/local /mnt
  ______________________________________________________________________

  rsize  wsize IvVɂĂ͌Ő܂B̎_ /mnt 
  Ńt@CVXepł悤ɂȂĂ͂łB cd  ls 
  Aꂼ̃t@C邱Ƃł܂B̃t@CVXe̓
  [JȂ̂͒x܂񂪁Ał ftp ͂ƕ֗
  傤H

  }Eg܂sȂāA mount: eris:/mn/eris/local failed,
  reason give by server: Permission denied Ƃ悤ȃG[bZ[W
  oꍇɂ́AT[o exports t@CԈĂȂAC
  exportfs ̎ssmFĉB܂ mount clntudp_create:
  RPC: Program not registered ƂG[ꍇ́AT[o mountd
   nfsd sĂȂ̂łB邢͐ɏЉ
  hosts.{allow.deny} ̖肩܂B

  t@CVXe؂藣ɂ͈ȉ̂悤ɂ܂B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  umount /mnt
  ______________________________________________________________________

  VXe̋N NFS t@CVXe}Eg邽߂ɂ́A
  /etc/fstab t@Cʏ̂悤ɕҏW܂BX̗ɏ]΁Aȉ
  悤ȍsKvɂȂ܂B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  # device      mountpoint     fs-type     options              dump fsckorder
  ...
  eris:/mn/eris/local  /mnt    nfs        rsize=1024,wsize=1024 0    0
  ...
  ______________________________________________________________________

  łقƂǏIłA̐ǂŉˁB

  4.1.  mount ̃IvV

  ɂꏏɂĂƗǂȃIvV܂B NFS T[o
  NbVƂlbg[NؒfꂽƂɃNCAgłǂ
  邩w肷̂łB̏ԂƂł̂ NFS ̗
  Ƃ̈łBT[ȍQɂĂ͓̃[h܂B

     soft
        NFS NCAg NFS }Egꂽt@CVXeɃANZX
        ĂvZXɃG[ʒm܂B̃G[𐳂v
        O͂قƂǂ܂B̐ݒ͂߂ł܂B
        t@Cj󂵂f[^Xg邽߂̎iłBɃ[
        ̃fBXNɂ͎gׂł͂܂ -- [ɉlF߂Ă
        Ȃ΁B

     hard
        NFS }Egꂽt@CVXẽt@CɃANZXĂ
        vO̓T[oNbVƒԂɂȂ܂B
        ̃vZX intr ꏏɎw肵ĂȂꍇ͒f邱Ƃ
        kill 邱ƂłȂȂ܂B NFS T[oƁAvO
        ͂ꂼꉽȂ̂悤ɍĊJ܂B炭炪
        ]܂ꍇł傤B͑SĂ NFS }Eg hard,intr
        p邱Ƃ߂܂B

  ȑO̗܂p邱Ƃɂ܂B fstab ̃Gg͈ȉ̂悤ɂȂ
  ܂B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  # device      mountpoint     fs-type    options                  dump fsckorder
  ...
  eris:/mn/eris/local  /mnt    nfs        rsize=1024,wsize=1024,hard,intr 0 0
  ...
  ______________________________________________________________________

  4.2.  NFS œK

  rsize  wsize ƂIvVȂꍇAʏ NFS  4096  8192
  oCgPʂɓǂݏs܂B Linux ̃J[lƃlbg[
  NJ[h̑gݍ킹ɂẮA̐ݒł͓ȂA邢͒x
  ȂĂ܂肷ꍇ܂Bł炱ł͎sāA
  ɂȂ悤 rsize  wsize 肷qׂ邱Ƃɂ܂B]
  x͊ȒPȃR}h̑gݍ킹Œׂ邱Ƃł܂Bقǎ
  mount R}hŏ݉\ɂfBXNɈȉ̂悤ȃR}hp
  ƁAV[PVȏ݂̐\eXg邱Ƃł܂B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  time dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/testfile bs=16k count=4096
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ̃R}hɂĒgׂ 0 ̃oCgŖߐsꂽ 64Mb 
  t@Cł܂ (炭ꂾ̃TCY΁AptH[}X
  ΂LbV̉ełł傤B񃁃ς
  łꍇɂ͂ƃt@C傫ĉ)Bx (5`10 񂭂
  ) sĕώԂ߂ĉB̏ꍇł厖Ȃ̂ `elapsed' 
  邢 `wall clock' ŕ\鎞ԂłBɂ̃t@Cēǂݍ
  邱ƂŁAǂݍݐ\̃eXgs܂B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  time dd if=/mnt/testfile of=/dev/null bs=16k
  ______________________________________________________________________

  sĕς܂傤B̌ umount A rsize  wsize
  ɑ傫ȒlčĂ mount ĉBl 1024 ̔{ɂȂ悤
  A 16384 oCg͉zȂ悤ɂ܂傤 ( NFS o[W 2
  ̐ł)B mount 炻̃t@CVXe cd œAt@CV
  Xe̒邩΂炭ׂĂ݂ĉB rsize 
  wsize 傫߂ƁAȒ󂪌At@C̐M 100% ł
  Ȃ܂B悭ƂẮAuG[bZ[W͏oȂ̂ "ls" 
  ʂsSɂȂvuG[bZ[W͏oȂ̂Ƀt@C̓ǂݍ݂
  svȂǂ܂BāA^ rsize  wsize ŃVXe
  삵Ă邱Ƃ킩Axx̃eXgĂ݂܂傤B
  T[o OS ႤƍœKȃTCYقȂꍇłB SunOS 
  Solaris ̏ꍇ 4096 ɔׂĂƑ肷邻łB

  ŋ߂ Linux J[l (1.3 ̂ǂꂩȍ~) ł rsize }Ṽy[WT
  CYƓȏɂƐǂ݂s܂B Intel  CPU ł̓y[
  W̃TCY 4096 oCgłBǂ݂ NFS ̓ǂݍݑx͂
  łقǍ܂Bł Intel ̃}Vł́A\Ȃ
  rsize  4096 oCgɂƗǂł傤B񂠂܂ŉ\Ȃ΁A
  łB
  rsize  wsize 𔽉f邽߂ɂ /etc/fstab ̕ҏWKvɂȂ邱
  YȂB

  NFS ̏ݑxグZƂāAT[o݂̓֎~@
  ܂B NFS ̎dlɂƁAf[^s̃fBA (ʂ
  fBXN) ɏ܂܂ŁANFS ̏ݗv͏IꂽƂ͌Ȃ
  ܂B̎dl̂ߏݐ\ɐ܂B܂񓯊
  ݂ɂ NFS ̏ݑx㏸̂͂̂߂łB܂
  Linux  nfsd œ݂ꂽƂ͂܂BȂȂ
  Linux ̃t@CVXe̎ɂĂ͓݂dvĂ
  łB Linux ȊÕT[oł exports t@CɈȉ̂悤
  ȋLq邱ƂɂĐ\グ邱Ƃ\łB

  ______________________________________________________________________
  /dir    -async,access=linuxbox
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ͈قȂ邩܂̂ŁÃ}V exports  man y[WQ
  ƂĉBȂAɂăf[^댯܂邱Ƃ͒m
  ĉB

  5.  xCʂĂ NFS

  uxCvƂĂ̓f ISDNA邢͉ꂽRlNV
  ǂz肵Ă܂ (肪Ȃ͍̂Ōł傤)B

  ̐߂̓vgR̒mɊÂď̂ŁAۂ͍̎sĂ
  ܂B܂狳Ă :-)

  ܂oĂė~Ƃ́A NFS ͒xvgRłAƂ
  łB NFS ̓I[o[wbh傫̂łB NFS p̂̓t@C]
   kermit p悤Ȃ̂ŁAx̂łBقƂǂ̃vgR
  NFS 葬A FTP, HTTP, rcp, ssh SłB

  łĂ݂AłH킩܂B

  NFS ̃ftHg̃p[^́Aɂ߂čx̏ȂCɌ
  ̂ɂȂĂ܂BftHg̃p[^x̑傫Cɗp
  ƁAuNFS G[|[gvAuIy[Vf
  vAut@Cۂ菬ȂvȂǂȂǁAlXȕsvcȌۂɌ
  邱ƂɂȂ܂B

  ܂ŏɍśׂA}EgIvV soft ̎gp𒆎~邱Ƃ
  Bpƃ^CAEgA\tgEFAɃG[Ԃ
  BẴ\tgł͂̃G[𐳂悤ɂȂĂ܂B
  ꂪsvcȃG[̎ȗRłBɃ}EgIvVƂ
  hard pĉB hard LɂƁAɃgCJԂ
  ɂȂA\tgEFA̓slɏɒf肷邱ƂȂ
  ܂B̕ǂłB{łB

  ɂׂƂ́A}EgIvV timeo  retrans `[
  ƂłB nfs(5) ̃}jAy[WɋLqĂ܂A
  ɂRs[܂B

     timeo=n
        RPC ^CAEǧAŏ̍đs܂ł̎Ԃ 1/10 bPʂ
        w肷BftHg 7 (܂ 0.7 b)Bŏ̃^CAEǧ
        ́A^CAEg̎Ԃ͔{XB̓^CAEgől
        60 bɂȂ邩A邢͍đ̉񐔂w肵l傫Ȃ
        W[^CAEgƂȂ܂őBW[^CAEgɂȂ
        ƁAt@CVXen[h}EgĂꍇɂ́AVȃ^
        CAEg񂪏l 2 {ɂčĂю݂ (̓ł̓^
        CAEg͔{X)B^CAEg̍ől͏ 60 błBlb
        g[NGĂAT[oxAoHɕ̃[^܂̓Q
        [gEFCAȂǂ̏ꍇɂ͂̃^CAEg𑝂₷Ƃ
        đŜ̐\コ邱ƂłB

     retrans=n
        }Ci[^CAEgƍđ̍v̒l𒴂ƃW[^C
        AEgƂȂBftHg 3 BW[^CAEgN
        ƁAt@C͒f邩A邢 "server not responding"
        ̃bZ[WR\[ɕ\B

  Ƃ킩₷܂傤BԎ^CAEgł 0.7
  b (700ms) ̂ɕԂĂȂƁA NFS NCAg̓NGXgđ
  ă^CAEg{ 1.4 bɂ܂BɕԎ 1.4 bȓɕԂ
  Ȃꍇɂ́AēxNGXg𑗂A^CAEg{ 2.8 bɂ
  킯łB

  C̑x ping ő肷邱Ƃł܂BpPbg̃TCY
  rsize/wsize IvVŗ^lƓɂ܂B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  $ ping -s 8192 lugulbanda
  PING lugulbanda.uio.no (129.240.222.99): 8192 data bytes
  8200 bytes from 129.240.222.99: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=15.2 ms
  8200 bytes from 129.240.222.99: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=15.9 ms
  8200 bytes from 129.240.222.99: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=14.9 ms
  8200 bytes from 129.240.222.99: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=14.9 ms
  8200 bytes from 129.240.222.99: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=15.0 ms

  --- lugulbanda.uio.no ping statistics ---
  5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0% packet loss
  round-trip min/avg/max = 14.9/15.1/15.9 ms
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ł̎Ԃ ping ̃pPbg lugulbanda ܂ŉ鎞Ԃ𑪂Ă
  ܂B 15ms ͂߂čƌ܂B 28000 bps ̃Cł́A
  4000-5000ms x̒lƂȂł傤BCɑׂ̕Ă
  ꍇɂ͂̎Ԃ͂ɒȂA{ɂȂ邱Ƃ܂B
  ԂƂux傫vƌĂ̂łBʓIɁApPbg
  傫ȂقǁA܂Cׂ̕Ȃقǒx͑傫Ȃ܂B
  timeo Ȃ̃Cƕׂɂ킹đ傫ĉBC𑼂̗p
  rɎgĂꍇ́A̕x傫Ȃ邱ƂlĉBႦ
   FTP  NFS 𓯎Ɏg悤ȏꍇɂ́A FTP Ńt@C]
  sĂԂ ping ̎ԂvAC̒xɂ timeo ݒ
  ׂł傤B

  6.  ZLeB NFS

  fĂ܂A̓Rs[^ZLeB̐Ƃł͂܂B
  ZLeBɊւđ͖ɗAhoCX邱Ƃł
  v܂BłӂĉBɏĂ邱Ƃ NFS ̖
  ăXgAbv̂ł͂Ȃ̂łBɏĂ邱Ƃs
  ŁuSvƎv́AƂ񂾂lDƂ̂łBuK
  ^Ăԃc{vƂ𔄂Ȃ悤ɋCtǂł
  :-)B

  ȉ̂悤ȏ󋵂ȂȀ͂̓e͕Kv܂FȂ̃zXg
  Ă̂lbg[NŁAɂSẴ[U͐Mp
  AłȂl̓lbg[Ñ}VɃANZXłȂ悤ɂȂ
  ꍇłB܂lbg[Nɑ΂_CAAbvڑ͋֎~A
  lbg[Nɂւ̐ڑ֎~ (̃lbg̃[USMłāAl
  ̃ZLeBmۂĂꍇ͕) łBΎɉ߂Ǝv܂H
  SRȂƂ͂ȂłB̓ZLeBɊւ邲{Iȍl
  ɉ߂܂BɁAoĂĉAꂩqׂ邱Ƃ
  {IȂƂȂ̂łBSȃTCg\zɂ́AMSŒm[
  AݓIȃZLeB̖_ɊւŐV̓mĂ
  悤ȊǗ҂słB

  NFS ̊{IȖ_́AɎwȂ΃NCAgƃT[o
  MĂ܂Ƃɂ܂B͂܂킯ŁAႦ΃T[
  o root AJEgjꂽANCAg root AJEgj
  ̂ɊȒPɂȂĂ܂킯ł (t܂)B̖
  @͂AŐ\łB

  CERT ̃ZLeBɊւ銩ǂł悤ɂ܂傤B̕
  ̈ȉ̂قƂǂACERT eĂ܂BŐV̊̃
  Xg ftp.cert.org:/01-README Ō邱Ƃł܂B NFS ֘Å
  ȉɂĂ܂B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  CA-91:21.SunOS.NFS.Jumbo.and.fsirand                            12/06/91
       Vulnerabilities concerning Sun Microsystems, Inc. (Sun) Network
       File System (NFS) and the fsirand program.  These vulnerabilities
       affect SunOS versions 4.1.1, 4.1, and 4.0.3 on all architectures.
       Patches are available for SunOS 4.1.1.  An initial patch for SunOS
       4.1 NFS is also available. Sun will be providing complete patches
       for SunOS 4.1 and SunOS 4.0.3 at a later date.

  CA-94:15.NFS.Vulnerabilities                                    12/19/94
       This advisory describes security measures to guard against several
       vulnerabilities in the Network File System (NFS). The advisory was
       prompted by an increase in root compromises by intruders using tools
       to exploit the vulnerabilities.

  CA-96.08.pcnfsd                                                 04/18/96
       This advisory describes a vulnerability in the pcnfsd program (also
       known as rpc.pcnfsd). A patch is included.
  ______________________________________________________________________

  6.1.  NCAg̃ZLeB

  NCAgł́AT[oMȂ悤ɐݒ肷邱Ƃ\ŁA
  ̓}Eg̃IvVŎw肵܂BႦ NFS t@CVXe
  ɂ suid ꂽvO𓮍삳Ȃ悤ɂɂ nosuid Iv
  Vg܂B͗ǂݒŁANFS }EgSẴfBXNɓ
  lׂƎv܂BpȂƁAT[o root [UN
  CAgł root DƂłĂ܂܂B suid vO
  T[õt@CVXeɍANCAgɈʃ[UŃOC
  Đقǂ suid vOs... 킩łˁH}Eg
  t@CVXẽt@C̎sׂċ֎~邱Ƃł܂B
  ɂ noexec IvVp܂BA͎ۂɂ nosuid ɔׂ
  ԕsւɂȂĂ܂ł傤Bǂȃt@CVXeɂsȂ
  ΂ȂȂXNvgvO̗ނ͓Ăł傤
  B̃IvV /etc/fstab ̃IvV̗ɁA rsize 
  wsize ȂǂƈꏏɃR}ŋ؂ċLq܂B

  6.2.  T[õZLeB: nfsd

  T[oł́ANCAg root AJEgMȂ悤ɐݒ肷
  Ƃł܂Bɂ exports ɋLqہA root_squash IvV
  p܂B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  /mn/eris/local apollon(rw,root_squash)
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ƁANCAg UID 0 ̃[Ut@CɃANZX (read,
  write, delete) 悤ƂƁAT[o UID T[oɂ "nobody"
  AJEĝ̂ƒu܂B܂T[o root ɃANZX
  XĂt@Cɑ΂āANCAg root ANZXύX
  sƂłȂȂ̂łBǂݒŁA export SĂ
  t@CVXe root_squash pׂƎv܂BułNC
  Ag root [U `su' gđ̃[UɂȂāÃ[U
  t@CύXłႤȂłIvƌӌ邩܂
  B̒ʂAꂪ Unix  NFS ̗VȂ̂łB̈ӌɂ͏dvȑ
  ʂ܂BdvȃoCit@CȂǂ root ɂĕۗL
  ŁA bin Ȃǂ root ȊÕAJEgɂׂł͂܂BȂ
  ȂNCAg root [UANZXłȂ̂̓T[o root AJ
  Eg̃t@CłB nfsd  man y[Wɂ͑ɂނ
  ̔rIvVLqĂ܂Bp΁AD (邢
  ) NCAg[UMȂ悤ɐݒł܂B܂ UID 
  GID ͈̔͂ɂĔr@\ݒ肷邱ƂIvVŎwł܂B
    Linux  nfsd  man y[WɋLqĂ܂B

  root_squash ͎ Linux  NFSd ł̓ftHgɂȂĂ܂Bt@C
  VXeւ root ̃ANZXɂ no_root_squash w肵
  B

  dvȂƂ́A nfsd ɑ΂|[g̐ڑv`FbN
  Ă邩ǂmFĂƂłBNCAg̗v
  ǂȃ|[gł󂯓Ă܂ƁA NFS vgRbKȃv
  OpāAȂNCAg[Ũ[Uɐ肷
  ܂ƂłĂ܂܂ (̂悤ȃvO̓C^[lbgŗe
  ɓł܂)B Linux  nfsd ̓ftHgł̃`FbN悤
  ȂĂ܂A OS ł͎蓮ł̃`FbNw肵Ȃ΂ȂȂ
  ܂B̍Ƃ͂ OS  nfsd  man y[WɋLqĂ
  ͂łB

  ŌɂBt@CVXe `localhost'  127.0.0.1 ɑ΂
  export Ă͂Ȃ܂BMĉB

  6.3.  T[õZLeB: |[g}bp

  x[VbNȃ|[g}bp nfsd ̑gݍ킹ɂ͐݌v̖肪A
  NFS T[õt@Cւ̃ANZXɉ\ɂȂĂ܂Ă܂
  BKȂƂɁAقƂǂ Linux fBXgr[VpĂ
  |[g}bṕA̍Uɑ΂ĔrISɂȂĂ܂B܂
  t@CpANZXXgݒ肷邱ƂɂāAɈSɂł
  ܂B

  Linux fBXgr[V́Aׂēł͂܂BŋߍXV
  悤ɌfBXgr[VłASȃ|[g}bpgĂ
  ȂƂ܂B̊댯wEꂽ͉̂NÔƂŁAɏ
  ƂȂĂ͂ȂłǁBȂƂ̃fBXgr[V
  ł́ASȃ|[g}bp man y[WĂɂ炸A
  ̃|[g}bp͈SȂ̂ł͂܂łB|[g}bpSȂ
  ̂ǂ`FbN邽߂ɂ́A strings(1) R}hsȀo
  ͂Ɋ֘At@C܂܂Ă邩A̓Iɂ /etc/hosts.deny 
  /etc/hosts.allow ܂܂Ă邩𒲂ׂ̂ȒPłBg̃|[g
  }bp /usr/sbin/portmap łAsɂ strings
  /usr/sbin/portmap | grep hosts ƂR}hs܂B̃}V
  ł͌ʂ͈ȉ̂悤ɂȂ܂B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  /etc/hosts.allow
  /etc/hosts.deny
  @(#) hosts_ctl.c 1.4 94/12/28 17:42:27
  @(#) hosts_access.c 1.20 96/02/11 17:01:27
  ______________________________________________________________________

  āAݒsɂ́A܂ /etc/hosts.deny ҏW܂Bȉ̍s
  ݂܂B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  portmap: ALL
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ƑSẴANZX󂯕tȂȂ܂B̂悤ɂĕĂ
  邠A rpcinfo -p sA|[g}bpۂɂ̃t@Cǂ
  ŁA̋Lqɏ]Ă邩`FbNĂ݂܂傤B rpcinfo ͂Ȃ
  o͂oȂA邢̓G[bZ[Woł傤B|[g}bp
  ̍ċN͕KvȂ͂łB

  |[g}bpNĂ܂̂͂Ƌɒ[ɂ̂ŁA
  /etc/hosts.allow ҏWă|[gĂъJ邱ƂɂȂ܂B܂ǂ
  NCAgɊJ邩߂Kv܂BT[õ|[g}bpɃA
  NZXKv̂}VXgAbv܂BƐݒ肳ꂽV
  Xeł́A|[g}bp̂|[gɃANZXKvȃ}VƂ
  ͔̂ɏȂ͂łB|[g}bp nfsd  mountdA
  ypbind/ypserv, pcnfsd,  ruptime  rusers Ȃǂ 'r' R}hQ
  Ǘ܂B̂ nfsd  mountd, ypbind/ypserv  pcnfsd 
  ݂̑ΏۂƂȂ̂łBzXg}ṼT[rXɃANZXKv
  }Vɂ͋^Ȃ΂Ȃ܂BႦ΃T[õAhX
  129.240.223.254 ŁATulbg 129.240.223.0 ɂNCAgzXg
  ɃANZX^Ƃ܂ ( networking HOWTO ƓłB
  Kv networking HOWTO xɍsāAȂ̔]̃
  tbVĉ)B̏ꍇ hosts.allow Ɉȉ̂悤ɏ
  ܂B
  ______________________________________________________________________
  portmap: 129.240.223.0/255.255.255.0
  ______________________________________________________________________

   route R}hŗplbg[NAhXy ifconfig ŗp
  Tulbg}XNƓłB̏ꍇ eth0 foCXɑ΂ ifconfig
  ̌ʂ͈ȉ̂悤ɂȂĂ͂łB

  ______________________________________________________________________
  ...
  eth0      Link encap:10Mbps Ethernet  HWaddr 00:60:8C:96:D5:56
            inet addr:129.240.223.254  Bcast:129.240.223.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
            UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
            RX packets:360315 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0
            TX packets:179274 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0
            Interrupt:10 Base address:0x320
  ...
  ______________________________________________________________________

  l netstat -rn Ƃƈȉ̂悤ɂȂ͂łB

  ______________________________________________________________________
  Kernel routing table
  Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref Use    Iface
  ...
  129.240.223.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0   174412 eth0
  ...
  ______________________________________________________________________

  (擪̗̓lbg[NAhXɂȂ܂)

  hosts.deny  hosts.allow t@CɊւĂ͓ man y[WɋLq
  ܂B

  : ҂̂Ƃł "man 5 hosts_access" łB

  dv: portmap ̍sɂ IP ԍȊÔ̂͏ȂŉBzXgl[
  ̖₢킹͊ԐړIɃ|[g}bpĂяoƂAƂ܂z
  Xgl[̖₢킹ă|[g}bpĂяozXgl[̖
  킹...

  ȏłȂ̃T[o͐肵͂łBŌ̖ (A
  !)AMĂ}V root jꂽꍇ(邢 MS-DOS u
  [gꂽꍇ) 炢łB̂Ƃ root 𗘗pƐM|[
  gʂđ̃[Uɐ肷܂悤ȗvoƂ\ɂȂĂ
  ܂B

  6.4.  NFS ƃt@CAEH[

  [^t@CAEH[p NFS |[g}bp̃|[gǂ̂
  ɗǂlłB nfsd ͒ʏ|[g 2049  tcp/udp p܂B|
  [g}bp̓|[g 111  tcp/udpA mountd  745  747  tcp/udp 
  g܂B̃|[g rpcinfo -p Œׂ鎖ł܂B

  t NFS Ƀt@CAEH[zꍇ́Aŋ߂ nfsd  mountd
  ɂIvVgē (W) |[gp悤ɂA
  |[gt@CAEH[ŊJΗǂł傤B

  6.5.  ܂Ƃ

  hosts.allow/deny, root_squash, nosuid  portmapper/nfs \tg̓
  |[g֘A̋@\p΁AݒmĂ|[g}bp NFS Ɋ
  AقƂǂ̖ɑΏ邱ƂłAȂƂ͈S邱
  ł܂B /home  /var/spool/mail  NFS }EgĂ
  ƁAȂ̃lbg[Nւ̐N҂ .forward ⃁[{bNX̃t@C
  ɓȃR}h𖄂ߍł܂Ƃł܂BRA PGP
  ̔閧 NFS ANZXł悤ɂׂł͂܂B邢͏
  ȂƂ댯mĂȂ΂Ȃ܂ (m킯ł)B

  NFS ƃ|[g}bp͕GȃVXȇgݍ킹ȂĂ̂ŁA
  ɂ킽Ċ{݌vɃoOȂƂ͌܂B邢͌
  _ɂĂ݂ĂāANpĂ邩Ȃ̂łB
  ܂ꂪlƌ̂łB̂悤ɕɒxȂ߂ɂ́AȂ
  Ƃ comp.os.linux.announce  comp.security.announce Ȃǂɂ͖ڂʂ
  ĂKvł傤B

  7.  }Eg̃`FbNXg

  ̐߂ IBM Ђ́uNFS mount problem checklistvƂɂĂ܂B
  { HOWTO ֈp邱ƂĂꂽނɊӂ܂B NFS
  t@CVXe}Egۂɖ肪A|XgOɂ
  ̃XgQƂĉBeX̍ڂŏQ̗lqƏC@LqĂ
  ܂B

  1. mount  RPC: Program not registered ƌ܂B

     |[g}bp͋NĂ邩H

     @: NB

     mountd ͋NĂ邩H

     @: NB

     nfsd ͋NĂ邩H

     @: NB

     |[g}bp /etc/hosts.deny ɂĔ֎~ĂȂH

     @: hosts.deny ̃[폜邩A hosts.allow Ƀ[
     A|[g}bpĂ悤ɂB

  2. t@CVXe export ĂȂB邢͖ƂȂĂN
     CAgɑ΂ export ĂȂB

     @: export B

  3. export Xg name resolution vȂB

     ܂A export Xgł johnmad  export 邱ƂɂȂĂ
     ɁA johnmad  johnmad.austin.ibm.com  resolve Ă
     A"permission is denied" ɂȂĂ܂ꍇȂǂłB

     @:̖O export B

     ɁANCAg 2 ̃C^[tF[XĂāAꂼ
     ɈႤOtĂ̂ɁAЕɂ export ĂȂAƂ
     ȂƂ肪łB

     @:̃C^[tF[X export B

     ܂T[oNCAg lookuphostbyname ܂ lookuphostbyaddr
     (̓Cu֐ł) łȂꍇ邩܂BN
     CAgɑ΂ host <name>  host <ip_addr> sƂłA
     ҂}VƂmFĉB

     @:name resolution Ɛݒ肷B

  4. NFS X^[gŁAT[õt@CVXe}EgꂽB
     ̂悤ȏꍇɂ́AT[o̓}Eg|CgȉɉBꂽ
     export Ă܂A}Egꂽt@CVXe export ܂
     B

     @: NFSd Vbg_EčċNB

     : }Eg|Cgȉ̉Bꂽ}EgĂ܂NC
     AǵAT[õX^[gɃANZXłȂȂ܂B

  5. tT[oNCAgA邢̗͂ő傫ĂB
     ̂悤ȏꍇɂ́Amake ߂ႭɂȂ܂B

     @: t𐳂ZbgB

     M҂͓t̓ NTP p邱ƂE߂܂B NTP ɂ͕čɂ
     ėAoK̂ŁAdebian  redhatA slackware p NTP 
     <ftp://ftp.hacktic.nl/pub/replay/pub/linux/>܂͂̃~[
     肷Kv܂B

  6. 8 ȏ̃O[vɑĂ郆[Ũ}Egv󂯕t
     B

     @: ̃[ȔO[v炷Ã[UŃ}E
     gB

  8.  FAQ

  FAQ ZNVłB̐߂̈ꕔ Alan Cox ɂďꂽ̂ NFS
  FAQ ƂɂĂ܂B

  t@CVXẽ}Eg̍ۂɖ肪A̖肪 ``}Eg
  ̃`FbNXg'' ̐߂ɋLqĂȂĂB

  1. Linux  nfs T[oɂ ``stale nfs handle'' ƂG[p
     ܂B

     ͌Âł nfsd ɂoOłB nfs-server2.2beta16 ȍ~
     ł͏CĂ܂B

  2. t@CVXe}Eg悤ƂƁAȉ̂悤ȃbZ[W
     oĂ܂܂B

         can't register with portmap: system error on send

  Caldera ̃VXegł͂܂񂩁H̃VXeɂ rc XN
  vgɃoO܂B Caldera ɘAďCłɓĉB

  3. NFS T[oɃRs[vOsłȂ̂͂ȂH

     ̗RŁA nfsd  open t@CnhLbV邩
     ł (nfsd [ÜŎsĂ邱Ƃvoĉ)B
     nfsd t@CI[vĂ (܂肻̃t@Cɏ݂
     s) ɂ́AJ[l͂̃t@CɎs^܂B 95
     N̏tȍ~ nfsd ł́Ãt@Cnh̃[X͐bŏI
     ܂AÂ̂ł͐LbV܂܂̂Ƃ܂B

  4. NFS t@CS[hI[Ȃ̂łB

     Linux  NFS T[o̓ftHgł̓[hI[łB HOWTO
      ``mountd  nfsd''  ``t@CVXeGNX|[g''
     ̐߂ǂłB exports  nfsd  man y[WQƂĂ
     B /etc/exports CKvł傤B

  5. Linux  NFS T[o}EgƁA ls 삵ĂԂɃt@C
     ̓ǂݏłȂȂ܂B

     Âo[Wł rsize=1024,wsize=1024 ă}EgKv
     ܂B

  6. ubNTCY 3500  4000 ̊Ԃɂă}EgƁA Linux z
     XgNbV邱Ƃ܂B

     {Iɂ́A͈͈̔ȊÕubNTCYgĉB 2.0
      2.2 J[lł͋NȂ͂łBoĂł́A 1.2
     łN܂łB

  7. Linux ł TCP p NFS ͉\łH

     ̂Ƃł܂B

  8. Linux }V NFS }Eg悤ƂƕsvcȃG[
     ܂ɕ\܂B

     NFS g[ȔO[v 8 ȓɎ܂Ă邱Ƃm
     FĉBÂT[oł͂̏KvȂƂ܂B

  9. NCAg}Vu[gƂAnO NFS T[o
     umount ƃNCAgnOĂ܂Ƃ܂B

     u[g~Ƃɂ NFS T[o umount APɖĉ
     B umount ȂΉNƂ͂܂BR}h
      umount -avt nonfs ƂȂ܂B

  10.
     Linux  NFS NCAg Sun  BSD ̃VXeɏނƔ
     ɒx̂łB

     NFS ݂̏͒ʏ퓯Iɍs܂ (f[^댯C
     ɂȂ΂𖳌ɂ邱Ƃł܂)BƂɁABSD R
     J[lɂẮAȃubNɂĂꂪ܂@\
     Ȃꍇ̂łBႦ Linux  4K ̃f[^ 1K ̃pPbg
     ɕďƂƁA BSD ͈ȉ̂悤ȓs܂B

               read 4K page
               alter 1K
               write 4K back to physical disk
               read 4K page
               alter 1K
               write 4K page back to physical disk
               etc..

  11.
     ̃NCAg Linux  NFS T[oɐڑƁAˑR\
     Ă܂܂B

     NFS vgR̓tOgꂽ UDP pPbgp܂BJ[l
     ɂ́AsSȃpPbg̃tOgAoOɂ܂ŎĂ
     Ƃl܂B 2.2 ł́A /proc t@CVXe
      /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ipfrag_high_thresh  ipfrag_low_thresh 
     ĎsɕύX\łB 2.0 ł́A̓RpC̒萔ŁA
     .../linux/net/ipv4/ip_fragment.c Œ`Ă
     IPFRAG_HIGH_THRESH  IPFRAG_LOW_THRESH Y܂B̒l
     Ӗ́AꏏɂO UDP tOgɂ郁
     ``ipfrag_high_thresh'' oCgɒB (2.2.3  2.0.36 ł̃ftH
     g 256K)Ax ``ipfrag_low_tresh'' ̑傫ɐ؂̂ĂĂ
     AƂƂȂ̂łBꂪtOg𓊂Oɍs܂B
     ͂قƂǃpPbgXƓ悤ɌAčق
     lɒBƁAT[o̐\ɗ̂łB

     30 NCAg܂łȂ 256K ŏ[ł傤B 60 NCAgȂ
     {ɂ܂傤BႢق臒l{ɂ܂傤B

  12.
      Linux 2.2 (ȍ~)  knfsd  gĂłA AIX,
     IRIX, Solaris, DEC-Unix, ... }V}Egł܂B

     knfsd ́A NFS version 3 ĂƃAiEX܂B
     Aۂɂ͂Ă܂B̃AiEX~߂IvV
     ŁApĂB邢̓NCAg̃}EgIvV
     Xg "vers=2" ǉĂł傤B

  13.
     AIX 4 }V Linux NFS T[o}Egł܂BɈȉ
     ̂悤ȃbZ[Wo܂B

               mount: 1831-011 access denied for server:/dir
               mount: 1831-008 giving up on:
               server:/dir
               The file access permissions do not allow the specified action.

  AIX 4.2  NFS ɓ|[g (<1024) g܂B AIX 4.2.1  4.3 ͂
  ȊÕ|[głg܂B܂ AIX 4.2.1  4.3 ł͂܂ NFS3 Ń}E
  g悤ƂA NFS/TCP ŁAčŌ NFS/UDP ܂B

  rc.tcpip ̍Ō

  ______________________________________________________________________
  nfso -o nfs_use_reserved_ports=1
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ǉ΁A|[gg悤ɋł܂B (̋Z Braian
  Gorka 񂹂܂)

  9.  t@CVXeGNX|[g

  NFS Ńt@CVXe export ́AvbgtH[قȂ
  ƕKƂ͌܂Bł Linux  Slaris 2 Ԃ͂
  łB̐߂ł͑̃VXeɂ export ̕@ȒPɃXg
  Ǝv܂Bg̃VXe̒ɓĂȂꍇɂ́Ag
  Ă OS  man y[WĉBL[[hƂẮA nfsd, system
  administration tool, rc scripts, boot scripts, boot sequence,
  /etc/exports, exportfs ȂǂgƗǂł傤B̐߂ł
  u/mn/eris/local  apollon  read/write \Ȃ悤 export v
  ɂĎƂɂ܂B

  9.1.  IRIX, HP-UX, Digital-UNIX, Ultrix, SunOS 4 (Solaris 1), AIX

   OS ł͓`I Sun  export tH[}bgpĂ܂B
  /etc/exports Ɉȉ̂悤ɏĉB

  ______________________________________________________________________
  /mn/eris/local -rw=apollon
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ڍׂȉ exports  man y[Wɂ܂Bt@CҏW
  exportfs -av săt@CVXe export ĉB

  exportfs R}h̕@ɑ΂錵i̓VXeɂĕς܂B OS
  ɂĂ͐قǓ͂s

  ______________________________________________________________________
  /mn/eris/local apollon
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ŗǂƂ܂Aȉ̂悤ɏȗł邱Ƃ܂B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  /mn/eris/local rw=apollon
  ______________________________________________________________________

  A͐ȏ邱Ƃ߂܂B̃o[W exportfs
  }ɕ@ɌȂ΁AĂ̑SĂˑR~܂Ă܂댯
  ̂łB

  9.2.  Solaris 2

  Sun  Solaris 2 JƂɁAԗւSɍŏĊJ悤
  łˁB]Ă͑ OS Ƃ͊SɈقȂĂ܂B Solaris 2 ł
  ҏWt@C /etc/dfs/dfstab ɂȂĂ܂B share R}
  h share(1M)  man y[WɏĂ悤ɋLq܂Bȉɗ
  ܂B

  ______________________________________________________________________
  share -o rw=apollon -d "Eris Local" /mn/eris/local
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ҏWIAvO shareall săt@CVXe
  export ܂B

  10.  Linux 2.2 ɂ NFS

  Ă鎞_ł́A Linux 2.2.12 ŐṼJ[lo[W
  łB NFS ̃J[lŎĝ́AƖʓ|ȍƂɂȂ邩
  ܂ (ȂȂ܂)B

  Linux 2.4  NFS ǂȂӂɂȂ̂́A͒m܂B

  Linux 2.2 ɂ傫ȍXV_́AJ[lɒu nfs T[of
  [̃T|[głB 2.2 ł knfsd ƌĂ΂Ă܂B̂悤
   nfsd ̎ɂ́Ax͂߂Ƃ郁bg܂B knfsd p
   Linux 2.2 }V́AȂ nfs T[oɂȂ܂Bł́A
  Linux 2.2 ňȑO nfsd g邱Ƃł܂B̕
  Aݒ̊ȒPȂǂ̃bg܂B

  g̃J[l\[X (܂̓oCi) pbP[WA RedHat (6.0 
  ~)  SuSE (6.1 ȍ~Â͂) Ȃǂ̃vtFbViȃVXeC
  eO[^ɂčꂽ̂ȂÃJ[lɂ "knfsd" ̋@\
  ƓĂł傤ASzKv͂܂BƓ
  ł傤BقƂǂ̏ꍇ́BȂg̃J[lRpC
  Ȃ܂ł́BȂÂ܂܂ Linux 2.2 J[lgꍇ
  ́A (ȂƂ 2.2.12 ܂ł) knfsd ͂܂܂B

  łȂƂꍇ́A H.J. Lu  knfsd pbP[W肷
  Kv܂B̓pb` 2.2 ɕKvȃ[eBeBƂW߂
  ̂ŁA Lu 󂫎ԂɃeiXĂ܂B͂߂̃J[l
  ~[ł܂B}X^[TCg
  ftp.kernel.org:/pub/linux/devel/gcc/ łB͈ʌ̂̂ł͂
  ܂B̃pbP[W̓eɗłȂAŎg
  Ƃ͎vȂƂłBD݂̃VXeCeO[^ (܂ Red Hat
   SuSE, ...) ɂJ[lpbP[Woꂷ܂ő҂܂傤B

  ܂AɊւ鎿͎ɂ͑ȂłBł܂B
   knfsd x[X̃T[o 1 gĂ܂B̕ɊԈႢR
  ꍇ́Am点B HOWTO łčă[X܂
  B

  ܂ǂł܂H B H.J. Lu ͂̃pbP[W̐Vo[W
   linux-kernel [OXgɃ|Xg܂B 2.2  NFS Ɋւ
  邻̘̑bɃ|Xg܂Buǂ邱ƁB

  knfsd pbP[Wɂ́AĂ[_ЂƂ܂B knfsd
  ́A NFS version 3 T|[gĂƃAiEX̂łA
  ۂɂ̓T|[gĂȂłBIvV^΁A NFS3 ̃AiE
  X~߂邱Ƃł܂B邢̓NCAgł̃}EgIvV
  Xg "vers=2" Ǝw肷̂ł OK łB

  10.1.  NCAg

  NCAg͂قڊȒPłBK؂ȃbNɂ́A statd
  (knfsd pbP[Ŵ) RpCECXg[Au[gXNv
  gNKv܂B[ǂB statd @\ɂ́A
  /var/lib/nfs ƂfBNgKvłBꂪȂ statd ̓G[
  bZ[WoɒPɒ~܂Bł statd NOɂ
  fBNgĂ悤ɂĂB

  statd NA testlk vO (/tools/locktest ɂ܂) 
  gA NFS }Egꂽt@CVXeŁAt@CVXẽb
  N삪삵Ă邩eXgĂ݂܂傤BĂ͂łB
  No locks available \悤ȂA statd ͓삵Ă܂B

  ۂɂ̓bN܂sȂƂ\ł (E߂͂܂)B
  ɂ mount ̃IvVXg "nolock" w肵܂B

  ̒m邩ł́ANCAg𓮍삳邽߂ɕKvȂƂ͂ł
  ׂĂłB

  ƁA Sparc  Alpha  NFS T[ogĂꍇɂ́A Linux 2.2
   nfs NCAg͂܂_łBT[oւ/T[o̓]
  xꒃ... ƑzłȂł傤B Linux 2.0 
  ƈłBƂłBC@͂܂B
  Alan Cox n 2.2 J[l ( Linus ̃m[} 2.2 J[l
  XIȂ̂ł) ɂ̓pb`܂܂ĂAp Linux
  2.2  Alpha  Sparc T[oƈꏏɎgƂ̐\サ܂B
  Alan Cox  2.2 J[lgꍇ linux-kernel [OXg
  ǂނׂłB΃pb`̏ꏊ킩ł傤B̃pb`f
   Linux J[lɓĂl̃z[TCg
  <http://www.uio.no/~trondmy/src/> łB̃pb`͂炭 Linux 2.4
  ɓĂ邱Ƃ͂łȂł傤B݂̊JTCN猩Ƒ
  XKvƂ邩łB Linux 2.5 ҂܂傤B

  trondmy ɂ Linux  NFS version 3 ̗p\ɂpb`
  B͓]@\ UDP ̑ tcp ɂ邱Ƃł܂B NFSv3
  ͒ꂽlbg[NApPbgXlbg[NAx
  ̑傫lbg[NȂǂɔɓKĂ܂B

  ̃pb`gĺA linux-kernel [OXgǂނׂ
  Bɂ͂ƂǂЂǂoOt邱ƂłBoO͂
  ̃t@CHׂĂ܂܂BǂCāB

  10.2.  T[o

  Linux 2.2 ȍ~ł nfs T[of[ "knfsd" ƌĂ΂܂Bݒɂ
  Z܂B͂ŉĂA SuSE, Red Hat Ȃǂ
  [X悤ƂĂ 2.2 J[lpbP[WgĂB
  ȂBł Linux 2.2 łÂ nfsd gÂ邱Ƃ͉\łB
  xłݒ͊ȒPłB

  11.  tbs[N NFS T[o

  ̐߂ Ron Peters rpeters@hevanet.com ɂďꂽ̂łBt
  bs[u[gāA NFS T[oݒ肷@Ă܂B
  ̕@́A CDROM ̂Ȃ}V Linux CXg[ꍇɁA̔
  Linux/UNIX }V CDROM  NFS GNX|[g邱ƂړIƂčl
  Ă܂B

  11.1.  ͂߂

  ́̕AŋߏôƓɓ˂l̂߂ɍ쐬
  Ă܂B CDROM hCuȂ}V Linux T[oɂ悤Ƃ
  Ă܂B܂ CDROM ǉ邱Ƃł܂łBOt SCSI
  CDROM Ȃǂ͉\܂񂪁Bł͂ȃ}V͂ǂǂ
  ȂȂĂł傤Ả̕lقǂ̂ł͂
  ܂BłAT[o낤ƂĂ̎́A̕
  ΂Ƃ肪Ǝvł傤B

  ̃}Vɂ CDROM hCuȂ̂ŁA͂܂ Win95 p NFS
  T[oTACXg[ălbg[NɂȂ܂ł̊Ԃ CDROM
  L悤Ƃ܂B̂悤Ȑi͓܂ ( O͏Љ
  ܂񂪁A̓t[EFAŁA 14 Ԃ̎pł郉C
  ZXt̂̂ł)B͎̃}Vł͓삹A
  Linux ̃t@C܂Ȃ̂ŁACXg[
  邱Ƃł܂łB

  Ŏ͎ Win95 }V boot/root tbs[Ńu[gAǉ
  fBXNłāA NFS T[oɃZbgAbvĂ݂邱Ƃɂ
  B

  ͎ɒPŁA菇炭̕ǂނyȂ炢
  񂪁A葱Ŝ̂Ƃɂ܂Ƃ߂ĂƂɂāA܂ʂ̉
  l̂ł͂ȂƐM܂B

  11.2.  

  ̂̕ƂɂȂƂŗp boot/root fBXŃA InfoMagic 
   Slackware ̍ŋ߂ developer distributions ̂̂łB boot/root
  fBXÑJ[lƂĂ 2.0.34 p܂B NFS vO
   2.0.30 T[ô̂玝Ă܂B̓CXg[ɂ͂
  Slackware gĂ܂A Slackware ȒPƂǂƂ
  Ƃł͂ȂAPɎ Slackware KɎgĂāA̕@
  ԂȂłB

  ̕̕@ʂ̃o[W Linux ŎgĂAقǑ̖
  oƂ͎v܂BlIɂ͂ł邾V̂gƂE
  ܂BŐV boot/root Zbgł́A炪CXg[ɗp
  邱Ƃ낤łB

  I͂Ȃ̂DȂ悤ɁB

  11.3.  Kv

  o  lbg[N̎gVXeƃu[gfBXNB NFS T[oɂ悤
     ĂVXeɂ̓lbg[NJ[htĂȂ΂Ȃ炸A
     ܂̓u[gvZXŔFȂ΂Ȃ܂BɊւ
     ڂ̓lbg[N֘A HOWTO ɂł傤B

  o  ptbs[B rpc.portmap, rpc.mountd, rpc.nfsd ĂȂ
     ΂Ȃ܂B web  ftpsearch ȂǂŊȒPɌt͂
     łB

  o  Slackware (邢͂D݂) \[XfBA (CD 肵܂)B

  11.4.  T[õZbgAbv

  11.4.1.  Վ NFS T[ou[g

  NFS T[oVXeu[gtbs[u[gAlbg[NJ[h
  FĂ邱ƂmF܂B CDROM hCuFĂKv
  ܂Bȉł̓lbg[NJ[h̗Ƃ eth0 p܂B

  11.4.2.  tbs[ CDROM }Eg

  VXeオA boot/root tbs[͕Kv܂BVX
  e͑S RAM Ɋ܂܂Ă܂B

  root tbs[ǉfBXNɓꊷAtbs[}Eg܂B

  mount /dev/fd0 /floppy

  ł̓tbs[ ext2 t@CVXeƂĂ܂Bt@C
  ĂǉfBXN DOS tbs[łǂ܂񂪁A͎
  Ƃ܂BfBXN̎ɂ͂̕ȒPȂ̂
  ܂ˁB̏ꍇ mount -t msdos ... ̂悤ɓ͂邱ƂɂȂ
  傤B̓e TODO ̐߂ɓĂ܂ˁB

  āA CDROM }Eg܂B

       mount -t iso9660 /dev/hdc /cdrom

  tbs[ CDROM foCX͎̊̂̂łBꍇɂĈقȂ
  傤B /floppy  /cdrom Ȃǂ̃}Eg|Cg root tbs[
  fBXNC[Wɂ܂̂ŁAg܂B炪Ȃ΁A
  KX̂̂𗘗p肵ĂB

  11.4.3.  ՎT[õlbg[NZbgAbv

  ŗՎ NFS T[olbg[Nŉbł悤ɂ܂BKvȃR
  }h͂킸łAR}hsOɒmĂȂ΂ȂȂ
  񂪂܂ (l͗ł)B

     IPADDR:172.16.5.100
        ՎT[õAhXłB

     NETMASK:255.255.255.0
        lbg}XNłB

     BROADCAST:172.16.5.255
        Ō̔ԍ (255)  IPADDR ƈقȂ܂B

     ETHNETWORK:172.16.5.0
        A IPADDR ƂƂقȂ܂B

     GATEWAY:172.16.5.251
        Q[gEFCȂΕsvłBl͒mĂł傤Bƒ
        lbg[Nɂ̓Q[gEFĈȂꍇł傤B

  lbg[N𗘗pł悤ɂ邽߂̃R}hQłBL̒l
  ĂB

       ifconfig eth0 inet IPADDR arp netmask NETMASK broadcast BROADCAST
       route add -net ETHNETWORK netmask NETMASK eth0

  Q[gEFCȂꍇAĂKvȂꍇɂ́ÃR}h͕sv
  łB

       route add default gw GATEWAY netmask 0.0.0.0 eth0

  SĂ܂΁Albg[NɐڑĂ͂łB̃m[hƂ
  ping ̂Ƃł͂łB

  11.4.4.  NFS L̃ZbgAbv

  NFS ŋLfBNg߂܂B̗̏ꍇ́A
  /cdrom/slackware fBNgɂȂ܂B̃fBNg
  /etc/exports t@Cɏ܂B

       echo "/cdrom/slakware" > /etc/exports

  11.4.5.  NFS T[osB

  /floppy/urs/sbin ɈړĈȉs܂B

       ./rpc.portmap
       ./rpc.mountd
       ./rpc.nfsd

  11.4.6.  BCXg[Jn

   /etc/exports t@Cɏ "/cdrom/slakware" fBNg
  L\ɂȂ͂łBȏオ񂾂ACXg[s}V
   boot/root tbs[ŋN ( NFS T[oɎĝƓ
  g܂)ACXg[Jn܂傤B

  fBA\[X̏ꏊIԂƂŁA NFS T[ȏIIт܂BT
  [õAhXq˂ł傤AT[o IPADDR Ɏw肵 IP
  AhX͂܂傤Bă}EgfBNg𕷂
  傤A NFS T[o /etc/exports ɏfBNg𓚂Ă
  B

  ƃCXg[VXe̓T[o NFS }Egł͂łBG
  [bZ[WoȂ悭ĂBȂACXg[
  𑱂܂傤B

  11.5.  guV[g

  11.5.1.  ̂ƂȂB

  guV[g͍̏̂Ƃ날܂B炭̎葱g
  l΁A̋ZqgW܂Ăł傤B

  11.6.  TODO

  11.6.1.  DOS fBXN

  ǉfBXN DOS ̃fBXNg@𒲂ׂB

  11.6.2.  rpc R}h

  rpc.* R}h̎sƁASĂsKv̂Aꕔ
  ǂ̂ǂ𒲂ׂB

  12.  PC-NFS

  PC-NFS g킸 samba g܂傤B

  samba  PC-NFS 肸Ɨǂ̂łB Windows for Workgroups ȍ~
  Windows œ삵܂B荂łASłB samba g
  傤BقƂɁB

