  - żϰ!

 : Guido Gonzato  <Guido@ibogfs.cineca.it>
1996 4 26
 1.1

 :          <geoman@nownuri.nowcom.co.kr>
1996 11 30


Ӹ
======

 ̴ Ͽ 386 ̻ ǻͿ  н Ŭ   
  ȯϷ    ڵ(    
ڰ  )  ̴.

 ó PC   ġ      غ ;.
׸ ̴  ϴ ̶ . Ƹ   н 
̶̰   ִٴ  ˰  ̴.   
 μ  ̹  ü    ణ ˰ ִ.
: ȭϽý, 丮, ȯ , α׷ , .BAT ȭ   .
     ִ    ȯ濡 ִ Ȱ
 ֵ  ̴.  ڰ  ų ƴϸ   
    о  ְ PC   Ƶε ϶.

    Թ ƴ϶  ϰ ʹ. ʺڵ鿡Դ
Matt Welsh  "Linux Installation and Getting Started"   ؼ 
Ѵ.  sunsite.unc.edu Ǵ ̷ Ʈ /pub/Linux/docs/LDP
 ã  ִ.    ϱ  Ǿ ִ.
 Ͽ , FAQ     ִ.     ߺ
 ٸ ̱ ٴ  ó 200  ̻ д ͺٴ ׳ 20 
  о ϴ   ̴.


 0:  
=============


0.1:  п ´°?
--------------------------------


  ǻ Ǵ   ü . : װ   
ϴ° ޷ִ.      ʴ´(~ żΰ?)
и ϱ   뵵δ ܿ PC  ȣѴ. ( ƿ 
dir/s/w >lst    Ѵٰ غ )   鿡 ־ 
׾߸   ǻ̴.    ְ OS  
ġ ʴ´.  ڸ 95 ٴ εϰ پ   95
 ȣϰ ִٰ   ִ.

н 迭 α׷/ڿ ϴ ݸ ư  
Ϲݻڿ  ߰ ִ.   Ϲ κ 
Ϸ, Ʈũ,  Ʈ ʿ ϰų    ҵ
ҵ ų ġ (ڸ ŷ) Ⱦ ʴ´ٸ κ 
û    ִ.  ַ  Ʈ ʿ ϰų 
Ÿϴ  ȾѴٸ   ̿ ̴.

п ޷ȴ.  Ǿ  /  ǻͿ 
 ִٴ ͸ ϶.


0.2: .   شٿ.
---------------------------


 PC   νϿ. ġ ÿ   ڽſ 
־ ̴.( ׷ ʴٸ  6.1   ) ׸   
̴.  ̴ п ϴ   ű ִٰ, ׸  α
ؼ غ⸸ ϸ ȴٰ  ̴. ڸ н带 ְ 
ũ  ϰ  ̴: "...   ?"

,  .  DOS ϴ  ƴ  ̻     ִ.
   ٸ    ϵ  ̴.

1. α׷  ȭ , ī, , , ̸
2. CD, MD, RD ׸ DIR ϱ
3. ÷ ϰ ȭ īϱ
4.  AUTOEXEC.BAT  CONFIG.SYS ġ
5. и .BAT ȭ̳ QBASIC α׷ ¥
6.  1%

     ̷    ִٴ 
˰ Ǹ ⻵ ̴.   ڵ 100  ̻   
  ʰ ִ.   ؼ ׷ٰ   ִ.
࿡   Ͽ   ɾ 𸥴ٸ  ϶.
 ⼭ 丮 ̸ PATH   ؼ  
´.

 ư       ִٸ:

1) ʹ ޸  ü  Ŀ  ִ.  PC  
  Ű  ýۿ ˸ "α" ؾ Ѵ.
ֳϸ н   ü̱ ̴. Դٰ Ϲ ڴ
ý    . αν αθ root  ڸ ׷
Ƿ Ѵ(  ༮ ٷ ý ̴.   PC 
۾Ѵٸ  root ̴ ) ȭϰ 丮 ڿ õ 㰡
 ְ  Ϲ ڴ  ȵǴ 쵵 ִ.
ݸ    ϵũ    ϴ.

2) ϴ ۾ ģ   PC  ġ ׳   ȵȴ.
 ˸´ ˴ٿ   Ѵ.( CTRL-ATL-DEL   ý θ
ϰ OK  ϰ  ġ  ) ·  ߸ α׷
  ǻ͸ ߰ ϴ  ص Ұ   ü
̴. -   Ű ʿġ ʴ.

3) you are strongly encouraged to experiment, play, try by yourself: it 
3)   غ  ٶ. ذ  ʴ´. Ʈ 󿡼
( Ϲδ $, root   # )    ִ.

	$ help

( ̴) Ǵ    ɿ   ´.

	$ man <>

which, if you have installed the man pages, will invoke the manual ("man") 
   ġߴٸ <> õ Ŵ("man")   
ִ.
   ص ȴ.

	$ apropos <>

Ǵ

	$ whatis <>

4) :

a) <...> õǾ  , ݸ鿡 [...]   Ÿ.
    :
   
	$ tar -tf <file.tar> [> redir_file]

file.tar  õǾ  redir_file   ̷ ̴.

b) ݺ RMP       о  Ѵ.

    ˾ƺ ̴.



 1: ȭ óϱ
=====================


1.1. ȭ: 
-------------------


Linux has a file system - meaning by that "the structure of directories and 
 ȭ ý̶   ִ. ̴  ϰ "
 ȭ " ǹѴ. ȭ Ư Ģ  ȭϸ  ְ
丮 ȿ Ǹ   ȭ̸ κ  ġ(swtich,
ɼ)  ִ.   ϵ ī幮, ̷,  
  ִ. ū ̴ .

- ù°  :  ȭϸ  8.3  .  
NOTENOUG.TXT.  ̺ .  ν  ext2 Ǵ umsdos
 ȭϽý(   Ȯ ǹ̸  Ѵ ) Ѵٸ,
ϳ ̻ Ʈ(.) ϸ鼭   ̸   ִ.
   This_is.a.VERY_long.filename
 ҹڸ  ߴٴ ǿ ָϱ ٶ. ...

- ι°  : 빮ڿ ҹڰ ȴ.
 FILENAME.tar.gz  filename.tar.gz  2  ٸ ȭ̴. ɵ 
̴. ls (  DIR   )  ġ  丮 
ȭ   LS  ġ  ޼  ̴.

- °  :  Ǹ (.) ȭϸ ϸ  ȭ 
ִٰ ֵȴ. :  .I.am.a.hidden.file  ls  Ÿ ʴ´.

- ׹°  : α׷ Ͽ .COM, .EXE ׸ ġȭϿ Ͽ .BAT
  Ȯ  . ȭ ls -F    ȭϸ ڿ
Ÿ (*) ǥõȴ.

:

	$ ls -F
	letter_to_Joe  Cindy.jpg  cjpg*  I_am_a_dir/  my_1st_script*

cjpg*  my_1st_script*  డ "α׷"̴.  .BAK 
ȭ   ƿ幮(~) .

- ټ°  :  α׷ ġ /ġ̸  -ġ
̴.   dir /s  ls -R  . PKZIP Ǵ ARJ     
α׷ н Ÿ ġ Ѵ.

1.2. ȭ : κ   
-----------------------------------------


ʿ  ɾ ʿ ش   ִ.

COPY:   cp
DEL:    rm
REN:    mv
TYPE:   more, less, cat

̷ǰ  : < > >> |
ϵī: * ?
nul:    /dev/null
prn, lst:       /dev/lp0; lpr

-  -

DOS                                     Linux

C:\GUIDO>copy joe.txt joe.doc           $ cp joe.txt joe.doc
C:\GUIDO>copy *.* total                 $ cat * > total
C:\GUIDO>copy fractals.doc prn          $ cat fractals.doc | lpr
C:\GUIDO>del temp                       $ rm temp
C:\GUIDO>del *.bak                      $ rm *~
C:\GUIDO>ren paper.txt paper.asc        $ mv paper.txt paper.asc
C:\GUIDO>type letter.txt                $ more letter.txt
C:\GUIDO>type letter.txt                $ less letter.txt
C:\GUIDO>type letter.txt > nul          $ cat letter.txt >/dev/null
	n/a                             $ more *.txt *.asc
	n/a                             $ cat section*.txt

ָ:

1) *    ȶϰ ൿѴ:
- *   ȭ   ȭϰ ġȴ. .*    ȭϰ
  ġȴ.
  *.*  .  ׸ ڿ ٸ ڵ ִ  ġȴ.
- p*r  peter, piper ġȴ. *c*  picked, peck  ġȴ.
2) more    <̽>   ϰ q Ǵ CTRL-C 
     . less  ̰ ȭǥŰ Ѵ.
3) UNDELETE ̶ .      ؾ Ѵ.
4)  < > >>  ٿ  ޼(stderr) ̷Ʈϱ 
   2> ̶   ִ.
6)   ٸ ϵ ī ڰ ִµ [] ̴. 
- [abc]*  a,b,c ϴ ȭϰ ġȴ.
- [I-N]*  I,J,K,L,M,N ϴ ڿ ġȴ.
7)   RENAME .  ren *.xxx *.yyy    ʴ´.


1.3. α׷ : Ƽ½ŷ 
-------------------------------------


α׷ Ű ؼ ó ̸ Էϸ ȴ.  α
 PATH( 4) Ե 丮( 2) Ǿ ִٸ  ̴.
: ʹ ޸   丮 PATH ԵǾ  ʴ
  丮 ִ α׷  ʴ´.
 α׷  <α׷>̶ ./<α׷> ̷  ؾ
 丮 ִ  ȴ.

 ɾ   .

	$ command -s1 -s2 ... -sn par1 par2 ... parn <input >output

where -s1, ..., -sn are the program switches, par1, ..., parn are the 
⼭ -s1, ..., -sn  α׷ ġ̰ par1, ..., parn  α׷ 
μ̴.     ٿ   ִ.

	$ command1 ; command2 ; ... ; commandn

α׷ Ű    ¦  ư  .
 ϴ ߿   ϳ Ƽ½ŷ ü ̴.
  α׷( ʹ μ θڴ ) ÿ ų  
ٴ ̴. μ ׶忡  ٸ ۾  س  ִ.
Դٰ      ִ. ġ ÿ   ǻ͸
 ִ Ͱ .

-  1  8  ȯ Ϸ

	$ <ALT-F1> ... <ALT-F8>.

-    ʰ ٸ  Ϸ

	$ su - <αθ>

:

	$ su - root

 ũ Ʈ( 3)  ſ ϴ.  Ʈ Ʈ
  ֱ ̴.

-  ġ ؼ:

	$ exit

- ׶忡 μ Ϸ:

	$ progname [-switches] [parameters] [<input] [>output]

- ׶忡 μ Ϸ  ۼ(&) ڸ δ.

	$ progname [-switches] [parameters] [<input] [>output] &

- 󸶳  μ ִ ˾ƺ:

	$ ps

   μ  ش.  PID  ڸ  
ȴ.

- μ ̱:

	$ kill <PID>

μ       μ  ʿ䰡 ִ ;-)
 μ   ؾ߸   ִ.

	$ kill -15 <PID>
	$ kill -9 <PID>                 

̿ ٿ ( COMMAND.COM  ش;   bash  ϰ ִ )
  μ ߰ ϰų  Ű , μ ׶
  , ׸ ٽ ׶忡 ׶ ű  
ش. ̷ ƶ μ "۾(jobs)"̶ Ҹ.

- 󸶳  ۾ ִ :

	$ jobs

⼭ ۾  PID  ƴ϶  μ ο ۾ ȣ Ѵ.

- ׶ μ ϱ:

	$ <CTRL-C>

( ׻ ׷ Ǵ  ƴϴ )

- ׶忡   μ Ͻ Ű:

	$ <CTRL-Z>
	
(̴)

- Ͻ μ ׶ :

	$ bg <job>

- μ ׶ ǵ:

	$ fg <job>

- ٽ μ ̱

	$ kill %<job>

where <job> may be 1, 2, 3, ...  Using these commands you can format a 
⼭ <job> 1, 2, 3 ̷ ̴. ̷ ɾ Ͽ  
 ϰ ȭ zip ϰ α׷ ϰ ÿ ٸ ȭ
 Ǯ  մ. ׸    ٸ Ʈ ´.
 غ! ׸ 󸶳 ս ̳  غ
ٶ.


 2 : 丮 ϱ
==========================


2.1. 丮 :  
--------------------------


We have seen the differences between files under DOS and Linux. As for 
    ȭ  ˾ƺҴ. 丮  ,
 Ʈ 丮 \   / ̴.
  丮 ڰ \   / ̴.
ȭ н  μ:

	DOS:    \PROGRAMS\C++\SOURCES\HELLO.CPP
	Linux:  /home/guido/papers/geology/mid_eocene.tex

As usual, .. is the parent directory, . is the current directory. Remember 
 ..  θ 丮̰ .   丮̴.  
Ѵٰ ؼ  ε cd ϰų Ǵ rd, md   .  ڴ
ý ڿ  ο ڱ ڽ 丮 Ѵ.   
ִ PC   Ȩ 丮 /home/guido̴.


2.2.    ȯ
-------------------------------------------

DIR:    ls, find, du
CD:     cd, pwd
MD:     mkdir
RD:     rmdir

-  -      

DOS                                     Linux

C:\GUIDO>dir                            $ ls
C:\GUIDO>dir file.txt                   $ ls file.txt
C:\GUIDO>dir *.h *.c                    $ ls *.h *.c
C:\GUIDO>dir/p                          $ ls | more
C:\GUIDO>dir \*.tmp /s                  $ find / -name "*.tmp"
C:\GUIDO>cd                             $ pwd
	n/a - see note                  $ cd
	n/a - see note                  $ cd ~
	n/a - see note                  $ cd ~/temp
C:\GUIDO>cd \other                      $ cd /other
C:\GUIDO>cd ..\temp\trash               $ cd ../temp/trash
C:\GUIDO>md newprogs                    $ mkdir newprogs
C:\GUIDO>md \progs\turbo                $ mkdir /progs/turbo
C:\GUIDO>rd newprogs                    $ rmdir newprogs
C:\GUIDO>rd \progs\turbo                $ rmdir /progs/turbo

ָ: ƿ幮 ~   Ȩ 丮  ̴.
cd Ǵ cd ~  ϸ    ֵ Ȩ 丮 ̵Ѵ.
cd ~/tmp  ϸ  /home/ Ȩ丮/tmp  ش.
ϰڴ°?


 3 : ÷, ϵũ, 
=================================


3.1. ÷ ũ 
------------------------


You have never thought about it, but the DOS command FORMAT A: does a lot 
 ɾ FORMAT A:   ⺸    Ѵٴ Ϳ ؼ 
ġ .  FORMAT  ϸ    .

1)  ũ 
2) A:\ 丮 Ѵ. (  ȭ ý  )
3) ڿ   ֵ ش ( ũ Ʈϱ )

 ܰ谡  еǾ ִ. ٸ ĵ  MS-DOS 
÷Ǹ ų   ִ.   ̴  ext2 ̴. ũ
غϴ   ˾ƺ.( root    Ѵ )

- ǥ 1.44 ް ÷ ũ(A:) ϱ:
	# fdformat /dev/fd0h1440
- ȭ ý :
	# mkfs -t ext2 -c /dev/fd0h1440
Ǵ
MS-DOS ȭ ý  ؼ 
	# mformat a:

ũ ϱ   װ Ʈؾ Ѵ.

- ũ Ʈϱ ؼ
	# mount -t ext2 /dev/fd0 /mnt
Ǵ
	# mount -t msdos /dev/fd0 /mnt

Now you can address the files in the floppy. When you've finished, before 
߸ ÷ǿ ȭ   ִ. ۾  Ŀ  
 ռ 𸶿Ʈ ؾ Ѵ( * ſ ߿ * )

- ũ 𸶿Ʈϱ ؼ: 

	# umount /mnt

 ũ  .    ƴ ˵  Ͽ 
ؼ fdformat mkfs ϶. ̺ B:  ϰ  
fd0h1440 fd0  fd1h1440 fd1  Ѵ.

  A:, B:  ٷµ ϴ  /mnt ̴.  :

DOS                             Linux

C:\GUIDO>dir a:                 $ ls /mnt
C:\GUIDO>copy a:*.* \docs\temp  $ cp /mnt/* /docs/temp
C:\GUIDO>copy *.zip a:\zip      $ cp *.zip /mnt/zip
C:\GUIDO>a:                     $ cd /mnt
A:\>                            /mnt$

 ͵  ÷Ǵ  ġ ϴ   ϳ ̴.
  ٸ ϵũ õ ̺긦 Ѵٰ ġ. ġ  
ؼ /dev 丮  캸. õ Ʈ   .

	# mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /cdrom



 4 : ý ٷ
===============================


4.1. ý ʱȭ ȭϵ
-------------------------

 ߿ ȭ 2  AUTOEXEC.BAT CONFIG.SYS   ý ʱȭ
ϰ PATH FILES  ȯ  ϰ α׷̳ ġ ȭ 
Ű⵵ Ѵ.

   ʱȭ ȭϵ ִµ      
  ¿    . ·    ߿
 ְڴ.

ȭ                            ǻ

/etc/inittab                     ǵ帮 .
/etc/rc.d/*                      ȭ

PATH Ǵ ٸ ȯ溯 ϱ Ѵٸ Ǵ α ޼ ٲٰų
α  α׷ Ű ؼ  ȭ 캸.

ȭ                            ǻ

/etc/issue			α  ޼ 
/etc/motd			α  ޼ 
/etc/profile			PATH   
/home/your_home/.profile         ϴ  ̵...

If the latter file exists (note that it is a hidden file), it will be read 
 ȭ(  ȭӿ ָ ) ϸ α   ȿ ִ 
ȴ.

 - ⿡ ҰѴ .profile  캸.

	#  ̴ּ.
	echo Environment:
	printenv | more   # DOS SET ɰ 
	alias d='ls -l'   # ̶      ̴
	alias up='cd ..'
	echo " н "$PATH
	echo "ſ Ϸ簡 ǽñ, "$LOGNAME

 ߴٽ PATH LOGNAME  ȯ ̴.


4.2. α׷ ʱȭ ȭϵ
---------------------------------


Under Linux, virtually everything can be tailored to your needs. Most 
     䱸   ִ. κ α׷
    ִ  .prognamerc   ̸ ʱȭ ȭ 
 Ȩ 丮  ֱ ̴.    ù° 
̴.

.xinitrc: X 츦 ʱȭϱ Ͽ startx   
.fvwmrc:   fvwm   ,  ȭ /usr/lib/X11/fvwm 
         丮 ִ system.fvwmrc ̴.
.xfm/*: X  ȭ  xfm  
.Xdefault: X  ͹̳ ķ rxvt  

  Ͱ ߿ ġ   Ϳ ؼ RMP.


 5 : ణ α׷
===============================


5.1. ũƮ ¥ : .BAT ȭ 
--------------------------------------------

 ɾ   μ .BAT ȭ   ִٸ(  
׷ߴ ) profile ̳ .profile ȿ(    )  alias  
ֱ⸸ ϸ ȴ.  .BAT    ٸ     
 ũƮ  ȣϰ  ̴.    ƴϴ QBASIC ŭ
  ϴ.    while, for, case, if ... then ... else  
 ְ  ٸ  ɵ ִ.
ٸ  α׷ֿ   ̶   ִ.

 .BAT  شϴ ũƮ ¥ ؼ  ù ϴ
ǥ ƽŰ ȭ   , డϰ ָ ȴ.

	$ chgmod u+x <scriptfile>

ϱ ؼ ׳ ̸ ŸѴ.

  . ý  vi  ִµ ణ   ̴. 
 ƴٰ  ̶ Ȯϸ     ϹǷ
⼭  ʰڴ. Matt Welsh "Linux installation..."  109
 . joe  X  ̸ƽ  ϴ ͵ .  ̸ صθ
  .

- ؽƮ Էϱ Ͽ i  Ÿ  ؽƮ ԷѴ.
-  ʰ  ؼ ESC Ű    :q! ϸ ȴ.
- ϰ  ؼ ESC Ű    :wq ϸ ȴ.

Writing scripts under Linux is such a vast subject it would require a book 
 ũƮ ¥  װ͸ε   å  ŭ  з
̴. ׸     ̴.  п   
 鿡  ⺻ Ģ ߰  ֵ ϰ Ѵ.


 1 : first_script

	#!/bin/sh
	#  ̴ּ.
	# sh ű ־ ϹǷ ù°  ġ .
	echo " `date`"
	echo " ̸ "$0
	echo "    "$#" μ ϼ̽ϴ: "$*
	echo "ù° μ "$1
	echo "  ̽ϱ?"

 2: 2exe

	#!/bin/sh
	echo "$1"  డ  ֽϴ... "
	chmod u+x $1

 3: backup

	#!/bin/sh
	echo "~/bak ȭ ī Դϴ"
	for name in $*
	do
	  cp ${name} ~/bak
	done

 4: fmta

	#!/bin/sh
	echo " Ʈ   ֽϴ"
	fdformat /dev/fd0H1440
	mkfs -t ext2 -c /dev/fd0H1440
	echo "ũ ˵Ǿϴ."

 5: mnta

	#!/bin/sh
	echo " Ʈ Ʈ  ֽϴ"
	mount -t msdos /dev/fd0 /mnt
	echo "۾ ġ   umount Ͻʽÿ."


5.2.  ȥ C  
----------------------------


 GW/BASIC     ̴. ׷ ?
н 迭 ý  C ̸ C  ϱ⵵ ϰ C  ̿ϱ⵵ Ѵ.
ٸ  (Ʈ, ĽĮ, LISP, ̽...  ͺ ĽĮ  
 )  밡ϴ.

 C  ȴٰ ϰ  ͺ C++ ̳ ٸ  C  鿩 
 п   ׿  ȳ ϰ Ѵ.
 C Ϸ gcc ̸  뿡   ִ ׷ ȭ
 . ȯ(IDE), ¶ ,    ãƺ  .
    Ϸ ſ ϰ ȿ̴.
 Ϲ hello.c  ϱ ؼ   Ѵ.

	$ gcc hello.c

 a.out ̶ ȭ̴. ȭ ̸ ٸ ֱ ؼ

	$ gcc -o hola hello.c

̺귯 Բ α׷ ũϷ -l<arg> ġ δ.  
 ̺귯 ũϴ 쿡

	$ gcc -o mathprog mathprog.c -lm

(The -l<arg> switch forces gcc to link the library /usr/lib/lib<arg>.a; so 
( -l<arg> ġ gcc  Ͽ /usr/lib/lib<arg>.a  ũϵ Ѵ.
   -lm  /usr/lib/libm.a  ũϰ ȴ )

ڱ׸ α׷ .    ҽ  α׷ 
 make ƿƼ   ̴.  н ļ(parser) 
 ġ. ҽ ȭ ̸ parser.c  ϰ parse.h xy.h 2   ȭ
 Ѵٰ ġ.  calc.c  α׷ parser.h  ٽ 
 parser.c   ̿Ϸ  ̴.  ϱ ϴ. calc.c  
Ϸ   ؾ ϴ°?

 makefile ̶  ۼؾ Ѵ.  makefile  ҽ Ʈ
ȭϰ  ش.  ,

	#  ̰ calc.c  ϱ  makefile ̴.
	#    <>Ű  ٶ.

	calc: calc.o parser.o
	<>gcc -o calc calc.o parser.o -lm
	# calc  calc.o, parser.so  2  Ʈ ȭϿ Ѵ.

	calc.o: calc.c parser.h
	<>gcc -c calc.c
	# calc.o  2  ȭϿ Ѵ.

	parser.o:  parser.c parser.h xy.h
	<>gcc -c parser.c
	# parser.o  3  ȭϿ Ѵ.

	# makefile  

makefile  ϰ ϱ Ͽ   Ѵ.

	$ make

Ǵ calc.mak   ,   Ѵ.

	$ make -f calc.mak

 õ   о ٶ. (RMP)

̰   C Լ       ִµ  
ϸ ȴ.  ,

	$ man printf


 6 :  1 ۼƮ
===========================


6.1. Ʈκ 
------------------------

    Ʈ αϴ  ſ . ſ ϸ 
ý   ؾ Ѵ. п ο  ο  Ʈ
α Ŀ   Ѵ.

	# adduser

  ϳ 亯Ѵ.  ϴ  ؼ ׳ <>
 ġ ⺻ ȴ.


6.2.  ޸ 
-----------------------

Although Linux can theoretically run with only 2 megs of RAM, the more you 
 ̷δ  2 ް ۵Ѵٰ    
     ִ. ּ 8 ް ߾ X  ý  
ִ. ߰ ޷θ  Ѵٸ   Ѵ.

	# dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1024 count=8192
	# mkswap /swapfile 8192
	# sync
	# swapon /swapfile

/etc/rc.d/rc.local   ٿ Ź   ȭ ۵
 ٶ.


6.3. tar gzip ϱ
------------------------

н ȭ ѵ  ϴµ Ǵ  α׷ ִ.
tar  ȭ ѵ µ ȴ. PKZIP ϴٰ    
 ʴ´.     ̴. ο ȭ ,

	$ tar -cvf <archive_name.tar> <file> [file...]

ȭϷκ ȭ :

	$ tar -xpvf <archive_name.tar> [file...]

ȭ  :

	$ tar -tf <archive_name.tar> | less

 ̻  ʴ compress ׿ʹ  gzip  Ͽ ȭ 
  ִ.

	$ compress <file>

Ǵ

	$ gzip <file>

Ȯڰ .Z(compress) Ǵ .gz(gzip) ȭ Ѵ.
 α׷   ϳ ȭϸ Ѵ. ( [  : ̴ Ʋ ̴.
gzip * ̶ ϸ  丮 ִ  ȭ Ѵ )  Ǯ
  Ѵ.

	$ compress -d <file>
Ǵ
	$ gzip -d <file>

  Ŵ  о ٶ.

arj, zip, unzip( PK??ZIP ȣȯ ) ƿƼ  밡ϴ.
.tar.gz Ǵ .tgz Ȯڸ ( tar   gzip   ȭ ) 
 .ZIP ȭϸŭ̳ θ δ.
.tar.gz ȭ  캸   Ѵ.

	$ gzip -dc <file.tar.gz> | tar tf - | less



6.4. ø̼ ġ
----------------------


Most Linux applications are distributed as .tar.gz archives, specifically 
  ø̼ǵ .tar.gz  ̸ Ư   Ͽ /
丮  Ǯ ġϰ Ѵ.

	# gzip -dc <file.tar.gz> | tar xvf -

̷ ϸ  ÿ Ȱ   丮 ġ ̴.
 ?   ( 𸣱  ٸ  ڵ )
pkgtool    α׷   ̴.

ٸ Ű ڱ ڽɸ ν   ִ.  о ٶ
. ̿ܿ  Ű C Ǵ C++ ҽ ȭϷ Ǹ  ̳ʸ
ؾ Ѵ. κ    ϸ ȴ.

	# make

пԴ κ ǿ ִ gcc Ϸ ʿϴ.
Ű νϴ  Ʈ(root)   ϱ ٶ.


6.5. ʼҰ 
----------------------


 ϼ : <>    ڵ ȭϸ ϼش.
  gcc this_is_a_long_name.c  ľ     gcc thi<>
̷ ϸ ȴ. ( thi ̸ ϴ ٸ ȭϵ ִٸ  
 ŭ Ÿ  <>  ȴ. )

齺ũ : <Ʈ>+<PGUP>( ȸ Ű )   ŭ ڷ ũ ȭ
 ش.     ִ  ޸𸮷 ȴ.
׸   ָ,

	$ script <script_file>

 Ŀ Ȱ     ȭ  script_file  
Ǿ ߿ ̿  ְ ȴ.

ȭ  :  ̳ʸ ȭ more  cat ϸ  ȭ 
̻ ڷ    ̴.   ذϱ ؼ  ʴ
   ŸѴ.

	$ reset

Ǵ echo CTRL-V ESC c RETRUN   ش.

Ŀηκ ޼ :  ޼ Ͽ Ŀ п ϴ ٸ
 ؼ /var/adm/messages  캸 ȴ.


6.6.  α׷
----------------------

First of all, where to find them. Since you all know how to surf the Net 
ٵ α׷  ã ΰ? Ʈũ ϴ  ׸
archie  ftp  ˰  ̹Ƿ  ߿  3  
Ʈ ˷ְڴ.
 sunsite.unc.edu, TSX-11.mit.edu, nic.funet.fi. 
װͺٴ  ̷Ʈ ̿ϱ ٶ.

at  Ư ¥/ð α׷ ų  ֵ ش.

delete-undelete   ̸ ǹϴ ٸ ش.

df  ϵũ 뷮   ش.

dosemu  δ ƴϴ   α׷ ų  ֵ ش.
        ׸   3.x   ȴ.

file <filename>  п ȭ   ˷ش. ( ƽŰ ȭ
      ȭ ȭ  )

fine (  2.2  )  ϰ    ϳ   ִ.
  Ӽ ġǴ ȭ ãƼ ϴ ġ   ִ.

	$ find <directory> <expression>

<expression> ˻  Ǵ  Ѵ.  :

	$ find . -type l -exec ls -l {} \;

  ɺ ũ  ãƼ װ Īϴ ٸ ش.

	$ find / -name "*.old" -ok rm {} \;

 ־ (*.old) ´ ȭ ãƼ п   
 .

	$ find . -perm 755

ȭ㰡(755)  ȭ  ãش.

	$ find . -user root

root ڰ  ȭ  ش.
̰͸  پ  Ƿ Ŵ о ٶ.

grep  ȭ  ؽƮ  ãش. δ,

	$ grep -l "geology" *.tex

*.tex ȭϿ geology  ܾ   ش. RMP.

gzexe   ȭ ش.   ڵ  Ǯ Ǵ
         ȭ ش.

joe  پ ̴. jstar  ϸ 彺Ÿ  Ϳ 
Ű  Ἥ    ִ.

lpr <file> ׶忡 ȭ Ѵ.  Ȳ  ؼ lpq
 Ѵ.

mc  ſ  ȭ ̴.

pine  پ ڿ α׷̴.

sudo allows users to perform some of root's tasks ( e.g. formatting and 
sudo  Ϲ ڷ Ͽ  Ʈ ۾   ְ ش.(  
ũ ̶簡 Ʈ ...  ؼ RMP )

zcat and zless are useful for viewing gzipped text files without ungzipping 
zcat  zless   Ǯ ʿ gzip  ؽƮ ȭ µ 
ȴ.     ִ.

	$ zless textfile.gz
	$ zcat textfile.gz | lpr


6.6. Ϲ Ȯڿ  α׷
--------------------------------------


   ȭ Ȯڸ ϰ  ̴. ణ Ư ͵
ϰ(   Ʈ ... )       ξ.

.1 ... .8: . man  ϸ ȴ.
.arj: arj  ȭ
.dvi: output file produced by TeX (see below). xdvi to visualize it; dvips 
.dvi: TeX    ȭ(Ʒ ). xdvi  װ ش.
      dvips װ ƮũƮ .ps ȭϷ ش.
.gif: ׷ ȭ. seejpeg̳ xpaint 
.gz: gzip  ȭ
.info: info ȭ (   ٸ  ) info  Ѵ.
.jpg,.jpeg: ׷ ȭ. seejpeg  Ѵ.
.ps: ƮũƮ ȭ. ̰  ؼ gs ׸ ghostview  ϸ
     .
.tex: text file to submit to TeX, a powerful typesetting program. Get the 
.tex:   α׷ TeX  ؽƮ ȭ. tex  Ű ϸ ȴ.
       ǿ ̹ ִ.
.texi: texinfo ȭ(cp. .info). texinfo  ϶.
.xbm,.xpm,.xwd: ׷ ȭ. xpaint ϶.
.zip: zip   ȭ. zip unzip Ѵ.
.Z: compress  ȭ


ϴ ....
=================

Ѵ!  н Ͽ ݱ    ˾ƺҰ Ẽ
غ Ǿִ.    ѵ ̶  ϰ ϰ
  ֵ    ʿϴ.  κ  ø
̼Ǹ ٷ ۾ϱ⸸ Ѵٸ  Ұ ͸ε ϸ.
 ׷   ˰   ϸ   ϰ
ִ.

I'm sure you'll enjoy using Linux and will keep learning more about it - 
   ̰ ϰ      ̶ Ȯ
Ѵ. - ε ׷ ...   δ  ǵư  
Ѵ.   д 3, 4  ڵ鿡    Ǿ ٶ.



======

"From DOS to Linux - Quick!" Guido Gonzat   1996 4 
<Guido@ibogfs.cineca.it>. "Linux Installation and Getting Started"  Matt
Welsh, "Linux frequently asked questios with answers"  Ian Jackson ,
"Linux - Il sistema operativo FREE SOFTWARE per persnoal computer 386/486"
 Giuseppe Zanetti, ׸  ڿ     
鿡 Ѵ. ׸ Ư  츮   丣
GNU Ѵ.

  "ִ ״ ·" ȴ.  ִ Ȯϰ  
 Ͽ  õ  ϴ°  å Ͽ̴.
⼭      ؿ ؼ  å 
ʴ´.

    Ǹ  Ӱ ϴ.

-  㰡ǿ  ø  ü ·  
-     񰡵 ٶ  
-  㰡̴     

, ,  ׸ ο    ο   ޾ƾ Ѵ.
 û̳ ,  ...  ο ϱ ٶ. ڿ
  ٸ ׳    .

Guido Gonzato - Via Monte Ortigara 19/a, 37127 Verona - Italy


 ñ...
			     Guido   =8-)

