 http://www.flounder.net/qmail/qmail-howto.html

qmail-HOWTO
-------------------------------------------


By Adam McKenna (adam-qmail@flounder.net)
 : 1999819 ȭ 0 57 46

  Ʈ ͳֵ ۼǾ.

 qmail ġ  ִ. 츮 񽺰  Ѵ.

 Ͽ qmail ̿ϰ ϴ   ְ  .
qmail Ǹ MTA (  Ʈ) μ Dan Bernstein . 
    ϸ ϰ qmail νϰ ο 
  ִ.

:

--------------- LINK START ------------------
i.  Ұ
ii.  ʿѰ͵
1.  ҿ ٿε  ŷ Ǫ ۾
2.  RTFM
3.  qmmail Ȩ 丮 
4.  qmail ࿡ ʿ  ׷ ϱ
5.  qmail .
6.  qmail ǱԷ̼.
7.  qmail ý ˸ƽ ġ
8.    ϱ
8a. Maildir
9.  sendmail ̱!
10. qmail  ¾
10a. daemontool tcposerver ġ
10b. rblsmtpd
11. RTFM
12. ϵ.
13. dot-qmail.
14. 󵵸.
15. ýý ˸.
16.  (׸ ϱ.)
17. ˾Ƶξ Ұ͵
--------------- LINK START ------------------

Ұ

 ťΰ? 

 ťϷ ٲپ ϴ°?   sendmail.cf   ִٸ
 ˰  ̴.  ٲپ ϴ. ⿡    .

     : ť ϴ. ؿ ť ڿ ؼ 1000޷ 
      ɰ  ޾Ҿ.    Ǿ Ʈܿ
     .   ť ̴.  500޷  ɰ ť
      ȱ ã ϰ ִ.

     ӵ. ť Ϲ ýۿ Ϸ翡 鸸 ޼ Ҽ ִ.
      װ 486ý̶ ϴ Ϸ翡 10 ޼ ٷ ִ.

     ŷڼ, ť   ˸  ũ  . ̷
       ǻ    о   .

       󵵸 . ̰ ť ֵ ·μ  POP 
      vchkpw  Ҹ. Ű ̿ϸ н ̿ڰ ƴϴ
     POP3 ̿ڷ ¾ ϴ.

     ezmlm  ̿ ̿ڰ ϴ ϸ Ʈ.
     ̰ ̸   ϴ.

  Ҽ ִ° ť Ϻ ٴ ̴. װ 
ð  ʾҴٰ ϴ  ̴.   ϺŸ ť
ٰ ϰ ִ°ε   ð  ׷ ʾҴٰ ϴ
 Ͼ Ѵ. ť , Ϻϰ   ұϰ,
 ̷   ܰ ƴϴ. Ŵ  ťϿ Ͽ
̷ ó  ο  ̿ڿԴ  ߻̴.
(http://www.nrg4u.com  ִ ť ɵ Ȯ )

 ù° :  ν  а ϰ  о. 
ť ⺻ ̷ ϰ ٸ нϰ ť޸ Ű̺κ 
϶. ť ۾ ؼ ̵ 򵵷 ϶

ť ־̵  MTA ۾ ϴµ ־ ũ, ̳ʸ 
Ͽȭ, ʹ , ŴѰ üϴ ̴. ť  óϴ ۾
   α׷ ҴϿ ȭѰ̴.  α׷ 
̴.     µ ̿ڰ  ϼ ,
  ϰ Ŀ  Ҽ ִ.


ʿѰ͵

ť ν ϱ ͵  ʿѰ̴:

     н н  ü  ý ־ Ѵ.  
      ý ť ߿ README Ͽ ť ϴ ý
      ִ.

      ý DNS Ī  ־ ϸ DNS  ɼ ־ Ѵ.
     ť /etc/hosts Ͽ ʿ ϴ   ã ʴ´. ۾
      /var/qmail/control/smtproutes  ̿ϳ  ׷ ƴϸ 쿡
      ޶ ִ.

       Ϸ ־ Ѵ. (duh)  Ϸ cc  Ҹ  
      ʴ´ٸ ť ҿ Ʈ ׿ ̿ϴ conf-* ϵ Ͽ
      Ұ̴.


1. ҿ ٿε Ű Ǯ.

ù°  ʿ ϵ  ٿε Ѵ.
 ħ ʿ Ű  :


qmail
ucspi-tcp
daemontools
rblsmtpd

      (/usr/src/ Ͱ) Ű Ǭ.
( root Ͽ Ѵ.)

     # gzip -d qmail-1.03.tar.gz
     # tar xf qmail-1.03.tar

 Ǭ qmail-1.03  ٲ۴.

     # cd qmail-1.03


2. RTFM

ťϺ FAQ INSTALL  о⸦ Ѵ.

     # more INSTALL
     # more INSTALL.alias
     # more INSTALL.mbox
     etc...

INSTALL  оҴٸ   HOWTO о ʿ䰡  ̴. ׷
̹ ̸ŭ о   ؼ   ϰڴٿ.


3. ť 丮 

ù° ť ʿ ϴ Ȩ丮 Ͽ Ѵ.

     # mkdir /var/qmail

4. ť ϴµ ʿ ̿ڿ ׷ 

 پ ť  ϱ  ̿ڵ ο ׷ Ͽ
Ѵ. INSTALL.ids  ʿ ׷ ִ.    2.0 
ٸ ̹ Ǿ  ̴. ( ̽!)  ֶ󸮽  
  Ѵ:


     # groupadd nofiles
     # useradd -g nofiles -d /var/qmail/alias -s /bin/false alias
     # useradd -g nofiles -d /var/qmail -s /bin/false qmaild
     # useradd -g nofiles -d /var/qmail -s /bin/false qmaill
     # useradd -g nofiles -d /var/qmail -s /bin/false qmailp
     # groupadd qmail
     # useradd -g qmail -d /var/qmail -s /bin/false qmailq
     # useradd -g qmail -d /var/qmail -s /bin/false qmailr
     # useradd -g qmail -d /var/qmail -s /bin/false qmails

ť ̿ڿ ׷ ߿     INSTALL.ids
о.

*** NOTE: IF YOU DO NOT CREATE THESE USERS AND GROUPS, QMAIL WILL NOT WORK. ***


5. ťϰ rblsmtpd  .

ܰμ α׷ ť 𤩷丮 Ʈ .

Type:

     # make setup check

ť   ̴.   θ  /var/qmail
Ʒ Ϻ ť ý ο 丮 Ǿ ̴.

rblsmtpd   κ ýۿ ȴ:

     # tar zxvf rblsmtpd-0.70.tar.gz
     # cd rblsmtpd-0.70
     # make
     # make setup check

rblsmtpd  α׷ /usr/local/bin/  ɰ̴.


6. ť Configure.

ť  Ǿ ǱԸ ׿ Ѵ. ̰ ſ :
ٽ ť 丮 ư  ԷѴ.


     # ./config

 ̰      ۾ ؾ Ѵ. INSTALL.ctl
 о   IP DNS   ذؾ Ѵ. ׷ 
ذ  ٸ   ϶.

     # ./config-fast your.full.host.name

̰ ť ϴµ ʿ ϵ Ұ ̴.


7. ť ˸ƽ ġ

     # cd ~alias
     # echo adam > .qmail-root
     # echo bob > .qmail-postmaster
     # echo bob > .qmail-mailer-daemon

ť  ˸  ̿Ѵ. ̰ ť sendmail ٸ ֿ
 ϳ̴.    ڼϰ ȴ. root  ˸ƽ 
ȴ.  ̰  ڼϰ ȴ. ˸ root ؼ . ̰
 root ť ϼ ϴ° ƴϱ ̴.  ť root
ؼ    ź ̴. INSTALL.alias    ڼ
  ˼ ִ.


8.    ϱ

̰  Ǹ  qmail ý ׽Ʈ غȰ̴. ť 
 ɰ ϴ° root  Ѵ.

     # cp /var/qmail/boot/home /var/qmail/rc
     # csh -cf '/var/qmail/rc &'

̷ μ   ̽  ʴ´.  ׽Ʈ 
 Ƿ غѰ ̿Ѵ. (TEST.deliver о)  Ȩ丮
ִ Ϲڽ ִ   ̴.  /var/spool/mail  
ť ġÿ ȣȯ Ѱ̴. INSTALL.mbox о.

ť  Ȩ丮 Ϲڽ  б, PINE  
α׷ ŵ Ͽ Ͽ setgid  ʿ䰡 . ̰   
 Ȼ   ɼ ش.


8a. Maildir.

Maildir ޼ ϴ ϳ μ     ִ:

     Lock-free -- ̰ NFS ̿   ŷڵ  ִ.
     qmail-pop3d Ҽ ִ. ťϰ ϴ POP3  ϴ.
     α׷ /var/spool/mail   Ϲڽ  ð µ
     stat()  ʴ´. Ը ̽ ýۿ ̰ µ
      ð ɸ ִ. mutt MUA ؼ  ȴ.

Maildir ϰ Ǹ    ִ.

     PINE  Ϻ  α׷ Maildir ϱ ؼ ġ 
     ϰ  ؾѴ. PINE ġ ؼ Bloodhounds Internations
      c-Ŭ̾Ʈ ʿϴ.
     Maildir  ޼  и Ϸ Ѵ. ̰ ϳ Ǯ
     ϴ°ͺ ڿ  ҸѴ.

 Maildir ̿ϱ⸦ Ѵٸ  Ȩ 丮  Ѵ.

     $ /var/qmail/bin/maildirmake $HOME/Maildir
     $ echo ./Maildir/ > ~/.qmail

Ұ Maildir  ̿   Ǿ ־ Ѵ.  root 
 Ǹ   ʽ ٲپ ƾ Ѵ. /etc/skil ִ 
Maildir ϴ°͵  ̵ ̴. ̰ ڵ ο 
Maildir  ش. Maildir Ͽ  ˰  INSTALL.maildir
о.


9. sendmail ̱!!

̰ Ѵٴ   Ͽ ·ο  sendmail κ 
 ǹѴ. 켱  sendmail  ãƼ װ δ. :

     # killall -TERM sendmail

̷ κ    sendmail õǸ ٽ ׿
ϱ   Ų.

     # mv /usr/lib/sendmail /usr/lib/sendmail.old
     # mv /usr/sbin/sendmail /usr/sbin/sendmail.old
     # ln -s /var/qmail/bin/sendmail /usr/lib/sendmail
     # ln -s /var/qmail/bin/sendmail /usr/sbin/sendmail

(/usr/sbin   ýۿ  ִ.)

*** ߿Ѱ:
sendmail  ʱȭ ũƮ ؼ õǵ Ǿ ִ. ̷ ý
reboot ɰ쿡 ϴ ʱȭ ũƮ sendmail  ʿ伺 ִ.
 ý۸ Ǿ ִ ǿ    ̴.

10. ť  ¾.

 ν ť SMTP, POP3 ׹   ýۿ ¾ǰ
Ͽ Ѵ.  ߿Ѱ qmail-smtpd ̴. qmail-smtpd    
ý ܺηκ    .

10a. daemontools  tcpserver ġ.

 ucspi-tcp Ű ť  ִ Ϲ ƿƼμ
̹ ٿε带 ޾ ̴.

۹, accustamp,   Ű  cyclog, ׸ ucspi-tcp
ּ  tcpserver ťϿ ̿ϰ ɰ̴.

 ϰ Ǹ uspci-tcp  /usr/local/bin  ġȴ.

     # tar zxvf ucspi-tcp-0.84.tar.gz
     # cd ucspi-tcp-0.84
     # make
     # make setup check

    ġȴ.

     # tar zxvf daemontools-0.53.tar.gz
     # cd daemontools-0.53
     # make
     # make man
     # make setup
     $ make check  # (can be run as a regular user)


  丮 Ͽָ cyclog  α׸ Ұ̴.

     # mkdir /var/log/qmail
     # chown qmaill /var/log/qmail
     # mkdir /var/log/qmail/qmail-smtpd
     # mkdir /var/log/qmail/qmail-pop3d  # qmail-pop3d  
     # chown qmaill /var/log/qmail/*

 ġǾ INSTALL  α׷ ׽Ʈ ϵ Ѵ.
ť smtpd ŸƮ ϱ Ϻ  Ʈ ؾ ʿ伺 ִ.
/etc  ̿  ϰ Ѵ.  /etc/tcp.smtp  ׼ 
 ̿Ѵ.   Ʈ ̿ ʿ䰡 ٸ /etc/tcp.smtp  
Ѷ   ȴ.

     :allow

⺻ ǱԷ̼ ȣƮ ִ   ̿Ҽ ְ ϴ
̴. ȣƮ  Ʈ ִ    ְ Ϸ 
 :

     127.0.0.1:allow,RELAYCLIENT=""
     192.168.1.:allow,RELAYCLIENT=""
     :allow

   man tcprules ƶ.
  Ͽ װ Ȱȭ ǵ Ͽ Ѵ. tcpserver  cdb
(ͺ̽)   Ѵ.  tcprules α׷ 
/etc/tcp.smtp Ϸκ ͺ̽  ִ. ̰   
Ѵ.

     # tcprules /etc/tcp.smtp.cdb /etc/tcp.smtp.tmp < /etc/tcp.smtp

10b. rblsmtpd

rblsmtpd  tcpserver Ͽ (  ťϰ sendmail) SMTP μ 
ϴ Ϲ α׷̴.  MAPS RBL ȭ ҷϻƮ Ѵٸ
SMTP   μ rblsmtpd  ʿ .

SMTP ȴ.   ŷý(ORBS )Ͽ 
Ǳ⸦  ٸ  ܽ rblsmtpd   Ƽ÷ ų ʿ䰡 
;ƴ. ̰  Ī -b ÷׸ ̿μ Ҽ ִ.  
ϴ  ãƺ ִ.

  ťϵ tcpserver Ͽ  غ Ǿٸ (׸ Ʈ
 ʱȭ ϵ ̿ǰ Ϸ)  root  Ѵ:

     # PATH=/var/qmail/bin:/usr/local/bin:$PATH
     # mkdir /var/lock/qmail-smtpd
     # mkdir /var/log/qmail/
     # mkdir /var/log/qmail/qmail-smtpd
     # supervise /var/lock/qmail-smtpd \
       tcpserver -v -x/etc/tcp.smtp.cdb -u71 -g1001 0 25 \
       rblsmtpd qmail-smtpd 2>&1 | setuser qmaill accustamp | \
       setuser qmaill cyclog -s5000000 -n5 /var/log/qmail/qmail-smtpd &

       Ǵ ORBS  RBL  ̿Ͽ block Ų.

     # supervise /var/lock/qmail-smtpd \
       tcpserver -v -x/etc/tcp.smtp.cdb -u71 -g1001 0 25 \
       rblsmtpd rblsmtpd -rrelays.orbs.org qmail-smtpd 2>&1 |\
       setuser qmaill accustamp | \
       setuser qmaill cyclog -s5000000 -n5 /var/log/qmail/qmail-smtpd &

  ɵ Ȯϰ ˰ ʹٸ    оƾ
ҰͰ. װ  ϱδ  ϻ ִ  ɾ оƾ
ҰͰ.  tcpserver α״ ʹ /var/log/qmail/qmail-smtpd 
.

sysvinit   rc   part11 tcpserver Ͽ qmail-smtp
Ű  ã ִ.

̰ о inetd.conf  qmail-smtpd  Ͽ  °
߿ Ѱ ߰Ҽ  ̴. (high load  Ҹ  ƴϴ)
⿡  ߰ ʿ䰡 ִ:

     smtp stream tcp nowait qmaild /var/qmail/bin/tcp-env tcp-env 
		/usr/local/bin/rblsmtpd /var/qmail/bin/qmail-smtpd ()

̰ xinetd    ̿ȴ.

     service smtp
     {
     socket_type     = stream
     protocol        = tcp
     wait            = no
     user            = qmaild
     server          = /var/qmail/bin/tcp-env
     server_args     = /usr/local/bin/rblsmtpd /var/qmail/bin/qmail-smtpd
     only_from       = 0.0.0.0 
     }

 ý õ ϰų inetd   Ѵ. :

     # killall -HUP inetd
     Ǵ
     # killall -USR1 xinetd


11. RTFM

̽ ־   о°  ϰ̴.  
Լؼ    ؼ д´ٸ ׷  ʾƵ ȴ. 
 ϰ Ұ װ  ϰ Ѵ.

  qmail ư.


12. ϵ

 ѹ qmail ý ¾ϰ ״. װ ܼ  
 Ͽٰ ϴ ̴. ٵ   ˰ԵȰͿ Ͽ ູ
Ұ̰  sendmail  ȣƮ  ϴ°Ϳ Ͽ غ
Ѵ.

 /var/qmail/control 丮    ϵ ִ.

     nose:/var/qmail/control$ ls -la
     total 8
     drwxr-xr-x   2 root     qmail        1024 Sep 29 10:08 .
     drwxr-xr-x  10 root     root         1024 Sep 18 02:48 ..
     -rw-r--r--   1 root     root           22 Sep 18 02:40 defaultdomain
     -rw-r--r--   1 root     root           27 Sep 18 02:40 locals
     -rw-r--r--   1 root     root           27 Sep 18 02:40 me
     -rw-r--r--   1 root     root           17 Sep 18 02:40 plusdomain
     -rw-r--r--   1 root     root           27 Sep 18 02:40 rcpthosts
     -rw-------   1 root     root          147 Sep 29 10:08 virtualdomains

  տ ϵ ִµ (ٵ ߿ϴ):

me -- (qmail  Ϸ ȴ. ̰Ϳ   ȣƮ 
  ִ)
rcpthosts -- (qmail  ޱ  ȣŸ̴.    
Ͽ  Ͽ Ѵ.)
߿Ѱ:   qmail ٿ rcpthost Ʈ Ǿ  ʴ.
 󵵸 Ծ  ε Ͽ ȭ Ǿ Ѵ.
locals -- (  ȣƮ,  /etc/passwd  ִ   
ȣƮ ϵȴ.)


13. dot-qmail.

dot-qmail  ߿ ̰    HOW-TO  ϳ 
Ҵ   ̴. ׷   qmail ġϰ  95%  dot-
qmail Ұ̱ ̴.

dot-qmail qmail-local̶ Ҹ ޼     
ִ.  dot-qmail ϸ ̿ڴ   Ҽ ְ, ezmlm ϸ
Ʈ Ҽ ְ (qmail ϸ Ʈ ), ̸ ˸ƽ
Ҽ ְ, ܺ α׷ ȣϿ ڵ   ִ.

dot-qmail  Ȩ丮 ִ .qmail Ͽ Ͽ ȴ.
qmail-local message  ɿ  оδ.

qmail .qmail  ã  쿡  Ȩ丮 ִ Ϲڽ 
 Ѵ. dot-mail Ŵ   ϶.

dot-qmail ش  ϳ  ڽ ̾ƽ  ִٴ ̴.
  ̿ account "adm" Ǿ ִٸ  .qmail-info  ¾
Ҽ ִ. Ͽ óϴ ޼ adam-info ּȭϴ ɾ 
  ̴. dot-qmail    ˸ƽ Ҽ ְ
лȭ ̶ ̿  ִ.


14. 󵵸. ( Ϻ ... ذ  ȵ.)

dot-mail 縦 鼭   ˸ƽ ° ŭ̳ .
󵵸 Ͽ    ۼѴ.

     example.com:user

  ŵǴ    ΰ ˷ְ ִ.
̰ ó  ϴ, δ ſ ̴.
   example.com  ŵǴ 󵵸 ؼ  adm̶
.qmail Ͽ  Ȩ丮 example.com Ϲ Ǵ°Ͱ 
 ǵ Ҽ ִ. ׷ٸ .qmail-info info@example.com  Ǿ
Ѵ.

׷  ̿ڰ  ϳ 󵵸κ   Ϸ 
ؾұ?

󵵸  ſ   ִ. ȣ ڰ о 
  ȣ ̿ Ȯ Ѵ.  :

     example.com:adam-example
     example2.com:adam-example2

̷ ǱԷ̼  ȣƮ˸ƽ   Ѱ dot-qmail ϸ
Ȯϴ°Ͱ ٸ.  info@example.com  .qmail-example-info  ؼ,
info@example2.com  .qmail-example2-info  ȴ.

 .qmail-ext    qmail-local  ⼳ .qmail  ̿Ѵ.
  ext  for-bar  ̸ (?) qmail-local  .qmail-for- ٵ 켱
.qmail-for-bar ã´, ׸  .qmail-defualt ã´.
 ͵ ߰ߵ  qmail-local ޼ ٿ(?)Ѵ. (ܷμ
⺻ ̿ ּҰ ִٸ qmail-local .qmail   ʰų .qmail
 óѴ.) ̷ ó dot-qmail Ŵ κ °̴.


15. ýý ˸

þ̶󽺸 ϱ⸦ Ѵٸ  ؾ ϴ°? /etc/aliases  
ϴ°? ׷ ʴ. /etc/aliases qmail ؼ ó sendmail Ǵٸ 
 ϳ̴.

˸ƽ ׻ ߰ϱ Ͽ (ο ˸ƽ) Ը ͺ̽ 
ϴ ſ ť  ٸ   ˸ƽ óѴ.

ݺʹ  dot-qmail   󵵸ο Ͽ ˾Ƿ, 
ý ˾ƶ󽺸 󸶳  ϴ° Ͽ  ̴.

ý ˸ƽ  dot-qmail  ϳ /var/qmail/alias  ̿Ѵ.


16.  (׸ )

ť ش , ϰ  MTA ̴.
̰  ٸ α׷ ̷ ְ  ϰ ϴ ͵ Ҽ
ְ ־.  ʿ  ť Ʈ о.

17. ˾Ƶξ Ұ͵

 ٸ  鿡 縦 ǥѴ.

     Dan Bernstein,  Ǹ α׷  ذͿ Ͽ
     Russell Nelson, qmail Ȩ ȣϿ ذͿ Ͽ
     Christopher Johnson, vckpw Ű ۼ ذͿ Ͽ
     Mr. Sam, maildrop ϵ qmail پ   ذͿ Ͽ
     ٸ鿡Դ  HOWTO  ߸  ǵ ص
     Ͽ 縦 帰.
          Matthew Gibbins 
          Scott Schwartz 
          Mark Delany 
          harold@nb.com.[sg] 
          Erik Linder 
          Djalil Chafai 
          Olivier Mueller 
          Peter Rye 
          Harry Hersh 
          Michael Handler 
          Mate Wierdl 
          Dave Sill 

  ؾ  ִٸ  ÿ.

--Adam
adam@flounder.net 
This HOWTO is Copyright(R) 1998 Adam D. McKenna
