    The Linux Tips HOWTO {
    Vv JCD00743@niftyserve.jp 
    r 1.0.0, 1 Oct. 1996

   ̕

    The Linux Tips HOWTO
    Paul Anderson, panderso@ebtech.net
    v2.0, August 1996
    łB

  ̂gnvsnɂ́A܂葼ł͌Ȃ悤ȁALinux 傢
  ǂ鏬UqgڂĂ܂B

  1. ͂߂

   悤 Linux Tips HOWTO ցB Linux ƊyȂCJ
   d|œK@̕B͎ŎvmƑO Tips-HOWTO
   ɂil̐G^H^Hmb𖳑ʂɂ႟CJjȂŁA
   Cɓ̃AhoCX tips 牽łāB Tips-HOWTO
   ɍڂ邩B

   Linux TIPS HOWTO Ǘ

   Paul Anderson

   panderso@ebtech.net

  2. Z Tips

  2.1. y Syslog gbNB`Tips-HOWTO Ǘl Paul Anderson

   /etc/syslog.conf ҏWA̍sꂿႢ܂傤B

        # S tty8 ɏo
         *.*                                     /dev/tty8

  傢ӁFTab głBsyslog ̓Xy[X_łB

  2.2. t@CVXeԂŃfBNgړB`Alan CoxAA.Cox@swansea.ac.uk

   [; JF ̏OOuAlan Cox ̂̃AhX obsolete łˁB
   ŋ߂ alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk 瓊eĂ悤łBv]

   fBXN瑼̃fBXNցAt@Cc[ۂƑfړ@

         (cd /source/directory && tar cf - . ) | (cd /dest/directory && tar xvfp -)

   ̂ăfBNg_ɂȂ悤ɁAcd /source/directory; tar....
   ]XƂ̂ύX܂BJim DennisAjadestar@rahul.net A
   ĂĂ肪ƂB`Ǘl

  2.3. ǂ̃fBNgԑ傫mB`Mick GhazeyA
       mghazey@miso.lowdown.com

   E`̃Rs[^łǂ̃fBNgԑ傫́HĎvƂ
   ܂񂩁H

        du -S | sort -n

   ƂƔ܂B

  2.4. Linux Gazettei Linux Vj

   Linux Gazette ̑nҁAJohn Fisk ɉh_Bf炵 e-zineiIC
   }KWjł邤AłIII ȏ㉽҂܂H

        http://www.redhat.com/lg

   `FbNĉBsl LG ǂقǑf炵 e-zine ł邩A
   John Fisk ɂЂƂƏĉˁB

  2.5. GNU Make 3.70  VPATH ܂̐U镑ςpb`̂肩BTed SternA
       stern@amath.washington.edu

   ̖Ălǂ͒m܂BAGNU Make ̃o[W
    3.70 ɂ́A̋CɓȂuv܂BVPATH ΃pXŗ^
   ꍇAȓ̂łB߂Ĉ肵pb` Paul D. Smith
   <psmith@wellfleet.com> 񋟂Ă܂Bނ͂܂AGNU Make ɉς
   xɁAj[XO[v gnu.utils.bug ɃhLgƃpb`𓊍eĂ܂B
   ͂AANZXSVXe gmake ɔނ̃pb`𓖂ĂčăRpC
   Ă܂B

  2.6. u[ĝтɂ fsck ̂߂ɂ́H
       `Dale LutzAdal@wimsey.com

   Q: u[g̓x e2fsck fBXN`FbN܂B߂ɂ́H

   A: J[lč\zƁÃt@CVXéhdirtyhƃ}[N܂B
      Ńu[g̓xɃfBXN`FbN悤ɂȂႢ܂B
      𒼂ɂ́A

  rdev -R /zImage 1

      sBƃJ[lCAt@CVXéhdirtyhł
      ȂȂ܂B

   Note: lilo gĂȂAlilo ̐ݒt@Ci /etc/lilo.conf j
          linux ZbgAbvƂ read-only ĂˁB

  2.7. u[gAhdevice busyĥŋN fsck ɂ́B
       `Jon TombsAjon@gtex02.us.es

   Vbg_E̍ۂ device busy G[pAu[g̍ۂ fsck 
   KvɂȂĂ܂ꍇAȒPɏCł܂B

   /etc/brc  /sbin/brc  umount -a ĂԈȑO̍sɁAȉ܂B

        mount -o remount,ro /mount.dir

   ̍s / ȊOɃ}EgSẴt@CVXê߂ɏ܂傤B
   ΁A炩̗R shutdown vZX kill ɎsAfBXN
   umount łȂĂAu[g̍ۂɂ̓fBXN clean łBu[g
   Ȃߖ񂵂ĂĂ܂B

  2.8. n[hfBXN̍ő勉̃t@Cɂ́B
       `Simon AmorAsimon@foobar.co.uk

        ls -l | sort +4n

   Ƃ܂B
   {ɃfBXNXy[XNĂ邠Ȃɂ́A

         cd /
         ls -lR | sort +4n

   ܂BԂ̓`bg܂AȂg܂B

  2.9. p`J镪̃}[WăvgAEg@B
       `Mike DickeyAmdickey@thorplus.lib.purdue.edu
         ______________________________________________________________________
                 #!/bin/sh
                 # /usr/local/bin/print
                 # a simple formatted printout, to enable someone to
                 # 3-hole punch the output and put it in a binder

                 cat $1 | pr -t -o 5 -w 85 | lpr
         ______________________________________________________________________

  2.10. ̐K\găt@Cc[@B
        `Raul Deluth MillerArockwell@nova.umd.edu

   ͂̃XNvg 'forall' ƌĂł܂B

         forall /usr/include grep -i ioctl
         forall /usr/man grep ioctl

   ݂ɎgāB

   ꂪ forall:
    ______________________________________________________________________
    #!/bin/sh
    if [ 1 = `expr 2 \> $#` ]
    then
            echo Usage: $0 dir cmd [optargs]
            exit 1
    fi
    dir=$1
    shift
    find $dir -type f -print | xargs "$@"
    ______________________________________________________________________

  2.11. vOIɍobNAbvt@CI[gZ[ut@C
     nXNvgB`Barry TolnasAtolnas@nestor.engr.utk.edu

   fBNgKwċAIɍ~āAemacs ̃I[gZ[ut@C (#) A
   obNAbvt@C (~) A.o t@CATeX  .log t@C폜
   sQsmłB.tex t@CAREADME t@C̈k܂B
   'sqeeze' ƌĂł܂B

         ______________________________________________________________________
         #!/bin/sh
         #SQUEEZE removes unnecessary files and compresses .tex and README files
         #By Barry tolnas, tolnas@sun1.engr.utk.edu
         #
         echo squeezing $PWD
         find  $PWD \( -name \*~ -or -name \*.o -or -name \*.log -or -name \*\#\) -exec
         rm -f {} \;
         find $PWD \( -name \*.tex -or -name \*README\* -or -name \*readme\* \) -exec gzip -
  9 {} \;
         ______________________________________________________________________

  2.12. 𑽂HĂvZX̌B`Simon AmorA
        simon@foobar.co.uk

         ps -aux | sort +4n

   -܂-

         ps -aux | sort +5n

  3. ڍׂ Tips

  3.1. Linux  Windows ̋LXbvp[eBVB
       `Tony AceroAace3@midway.uchicago.edu

  1. p[eBV dos p[eBVƂătH[}bgāAWindows
     ̃Xbvt@C𐶐B܂ Windows 𑖂点_łBiX
     bvt@C͊SɋɂĂׂBkł̂ŁjB

  2. Linux u[gAXbvp[eBVt@CƂăZ[uB
     Ⴆ΁Ap[eBV /dev/hda8 A

         dd if=/dev/hda8 of=/etc/dosswap

     ƂB

  3. dos ̃Xbvt@CkB; 傫͎OȂ̂ŁAkB

         gzip -9 /etc/dosswap

  4. /etc/rc t@CɈȉ̂̂ALinux ̃XbvԂ
     悤ɂBFXXXXX ̓Xbvp[eBṼubNB

         mkswap /dev/hda8 XXXXX
         swapon -av

   t@C /etc/fstab ɃXbvp[eBṼGg[Ă
   ƂmFB

  5. gĂVXe init/reboot pbP[W /etc/brc  /sbin/brc 
     T|[gĂȂA/etc/brc Ɉȉ̂̂BpbP[W
     /etc/brc T|[gĂȂꍇ͎蓮ŎsB蓮s DOS  OS/2
     u[gOɂȂBŃXbvp[eBV DOS/Windows
     pɕϊB

         swapoff -av
         zcat /etc/dosswap.gz | dd of=/dev/hda8 bs=1k count=100

   ߂ 100 ubN߂ĂȂƂɒځBoI
     ŏ[Ɣ܂B

   >> 邱Ƃɑ΂^

  ^: ۂɕKvȃfBXNԂłB

  : Xebv 5 łȂȂA蓮sYĂ
        ȂʁBƁAu[gPimb΂xȂႤ :-)

  3.2. immutableisρjtO̎gB`Jim DennisAjadestar@rahul.net

   Immutable tOg

   CXg[ARtBMAς܂AA/binA/sbin/A/usr/binA
   /usr/sbinA/usr/libȋAʏKvȏꏊj 'chattr +i command'
   ĉׂBP`P`ɂǂǂsB[gɂJ[lt@C
    immutable ɂ悤B́A 'mkdir /etc/.dist/' āA/etc/ ɂ
   t@CS̃fBNgɃRs[悤Bi͂
   /tmp/etcdist.tar ĂQXebvŎsARs[[v̂h
   ł܂jBiP /etc/.dist.tar.gz Ă낵Bj--āA
   ̃t@C immutable ɂ悤B

   Ă΁Aroot ƂăOCƂɋN_[Wŏ
   ł܂B_CNVăt@C㏑A'rm -fr' R}
   hɌăXy[XꂿăVXegps\ɂȂłH
   iˑRƂăf[^ɂ̓_[W^܂ACuƃoCi
   SɂȂ܂Bj

   ܂A̍ƂɂZLeB[AeT[rXp@
   s\邢͋ɂ߂čɂȂ܂BȋA*{Cӂ̃VF
   R}hsł悤ɂ͂ȂĂȂ* SUID ꂽvOgA
   t@C㏑@ƂĂ邩łj

   ̍ƂɂėBsւɂȂ̂́AlXȃVXeoCi 'make
   install' ƂłB܂A̍Ƃɂ 'make install' ɂ
   t@C̏㏑ۂ܂BMakefile ǂނ̂YA㏑
   ͂̃t@Ciƃt@Ct悤ƂĂfBNgj
   chattr -i Ȃꍇ --  make ͎s܂B܂AP
   chattr R}hgĂ make Ďs΂łB
   ÂoCi⃉CuȂǁA̎㏑ꂻȂ̂ .old/
   fBNgɈڂAl[Atar ł܂Ƃ߂Ă`X
   ܂B

  3.3. VmꏊɂĂ̒񌾁B`Jim Dennis
       jadestar@rahul.net

   Vm݂͂ȁA/usr/local  /usr/local/`hostname` ̉Ŏn߂悤B

   zzpbP[W /usr/local gȂȂA /usr/local/srcA
   /usr/local/bin ȂǂĎgB/usr/local c[ɉu悤Ȕzz
   pbP[WȂA'mkdir /usr/local/`hostname` ŁA'wheel' O|v
   ɂ̃fBNgւ̏݌ (+w) ^悤(͍XɁAwheel O
   |ṽ[U SUID  SGID 邱ƂŁÃvÕt@C
   ōt@Ĉ݂悤Aꂽt@C 'wheel' O
   |vɑ悤ɂĂ܂jB

   Aꂩ͂IIIAVpbP[W
   i.tar ̑̃t@Cj /usr/local/src/.from/$WHEREVER_I_GOT_IT/
   [: /usr/local/src/.from/ǂłƂɂėꏊ̖O/
    ŁAǂȏĂĂKꏊƁAƂӖ]
   ɒuA/usr/local/srci܂ .../$HOSTNAME/src jȉŃRpC
   K悤B̃vO /usr/local ȉ̕ɃCXg[
   邱Ƃm߂ׂBu΂Ɂv /bin  /usr/bin ɃCXg[
   Ȃ΂ȂȂvOȂA/usr/local ȉ̊Kw炻ɃV{
   bNN𒣂悤ɂB

   ʓ|łAĂΔzzfBAił͑̂bcłˁj
   SĂăCXg[ہAobNAbvׂt@CƍăCXg[
   ׂt@C𕪂₷Ȃ܂B܂A/usr/local/.from fBNg
   gƂŁA\[Xǂ玝Ă̔ȃOۑ邱Ƃ
   ܂BĂƐVo[WT₷Ȃ܂AZL
   eB[֌W̃AiEXǂۂɂ͋ɂ߂ďdvȏɂȂ܂B

   ̂̂ɊւĂɂȑOAƂ̃VXeigĂj
   ł́AX̔zzpbP[W̃t@CƐVCXg[t@C
   ႲɂĂ܂BgVXełAقƂǐݒ
   ĂȂɂւ炸AƂ́uCXg[ꂽ܂܂́vVXe
   ǂȕɈႤASāuĂvƂ͌܂łB

   ΏƓIɁAdiVXeǗ̂悤ȂƂ炳Ăłj
   ݒuVXéASĂ̂Őݒ肵Ă܂B̃}V͌_
   ōƂĂl₠܂ô悭ȂlȂǁA܂܂ȐlXɊǗA
   낢ƃo[WAbvꂽAVvOCXg[ꂽ
   肵܂Bɂ炸AŏɃVXeCXg[Aݒ肵
   **AǂȂ̂gݓꂽɒmĂ܂B

  3.4. VlVXeǗҌ̂ tipsB`Jim DennisA
       jadestar@rahul.net

   /README.`hostname` yс^܂ /etc/README.`hostname`A
   ƁAł /usr/local/etc/README.`hostname` ȂB`Ǘl
   VXe̊Ǘn߂*̓*IC̃Ot@CɃm[g
   ȂB΂łBroot   /bash_logout  "vi /README.$(hostname)"
   ƏĂĂ낵Bȉ̂悤 su  sudo XNvg
   ܂B

                         function exit \
                                 { unset exit; exit; \
                                   cat ~/tmp/session.$(date +%y%m%d) \
                                   >> /README.$(hostname) && \
                                   vi /README.$(hostname)
                                   }
                         script -a ~/tmp/session.$(date +%y%m%d)
                         /bin/su.org -

   iZbVO𐶐̂ typescript R}hgÃO
     ǉXV̂Ƀt@NV𐶐Ă܂Bj

   ǵÂ悤ɋL^IɎ@̗pĂ܂BƎ
   PĂĂ܂BłA(Ɏ悤ȃXNvgVF@\
   gċL^Iɂ悤)ACfA͋CɂĂ܂B̃X
   NvgŋCɂȂƂ 'script' R}hgĂƂłB
   XNvgL߂OɁA 'script' R}h̃\[XTĂāA
   ̃R}hCp[^(R}hCL^ꎞ~蒆
   ~IvV)ǉȂ΂ȂȂƍlĂ܂B

   Ō̒񌾁îƂj́F

   root ̃pX 'PATH= /bin' Ƃׂł

   łB[g̃pXɑ͉̕܂B[g̍Ƃ́A/bin 
   V{bNNAGCAXAVFt@NVŒ񋟂邩A
   /bin ɑ݂XNvgoCiAƂ͐΃pXŎw肳̂
   ׂłBőSĂɂׂȂ̂łB

   Ă݂ƁA[gŊ撣Ăl͎ẽoCiR}h
   ǂقǗĂ邩iɂ͋ꂵ݂ƋɁjCtł傤B̃[U
   pzXg5. xdm ̃zXgIԃ`[U[ (chooser) ݒ肷@B
       `Arrigo TriulziAa.triulzi@ic.ac.uk

  1. xdm Nt@Cił肻Ȃ̂ /etc/rc/rc.6 
     /etc/rc.localjҏWAxdm ̃X^[gAbvZNVɎ̍s
     B

         /usr/bin/X11/xdm
         exec /usr/bin/X11/X -indirect hostname

  2. /usr/lib/X11/xdm/Xservers ҏWA[J}VŃT[oX^[g
    sAႦ starting 0: RgAEgB

  3. }Vu[gƁA͂AƂłOłg܂B

   ̃Tulbgł̐ݒ悤ƕKƂAS
   t܂ŁATԂقǎꂿႢ܂BŁA܂B

   ƁF炩̗RŁAÂ SLS (1.1.1) ł́Axdm ̍š
           -nodaemon tĂ܂B -- ͌̃[Xł͓܂B

