UScrime                 package:MASS                 R Documentation

_T_h_e _E_f_f_e_c_t _o_f _P_u_n_i_s_h_m_e_n_t _R_e_g_i_m_e_s _o_n _C_r_i_m_e _R_a_t_e_s

_D_e_s_c_r_i_p_t_i_o_n:

     Criminologists are interested in the effect of punishment regimes
     on crime rates.  This has been studied using aggregate data on 47
     states of the USA for 1960 given in this data frame. The variables
     seem to have been re-scaled to convenient numbers.

_A_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s:

       M: percentage of males aged 14-24 

      So: indicator variable for a southern state 

      Ed: mean years of schooling 

     Po1: police expenditure in 1960 

     Po2: police expenditure in 1959 

      LF: labour force participation rate 

     M.F: number of males per 1000 females 

     Pop: state population 

      NW: number of nonwhites per 1000 people 

      U1: unemployment rate of urban males 14-24 

      U2: unemployment rate of urban males 35-39 

     GDP: gross domestic product per head 

    Ineq: income inequality 

    Prob: probability of imprisonment 

    Time: average time served in state prisons 

       y: rate of crimes in a particular category per head of
          population 

_F_o_r_m_a_t:

     This data frame contains the following columns:

_S_o_u_r_c_e:

     Ehrlich, I. (1973) Participation in illegitimate activities: a
     theoretical and empirical investigation. Journal of Political
     Economy 81, 521-565.

     Vandaele, W. (1978) Participation in illegitimate activities:
     Ehrlich revisited.  In Deterrence and Incapacitation, eds A.
     Blumstein, J. Cohen and D. Nagin, pp. 270-335. US National Academy
     of Sciences.

