  ťϰ 

  Life with qmail (ٿ: lwq)
  Dave Sill
  16 November 1999
   ֿ YOON, Joo-Yung
  20 March 2000

  ݱ MTAδ sendmail  ġ̰, ǻ ǥԴϴٸ,
  ġ ſ ũ, α׷̸, ġ,  ƽϴ.  ť
  ⱸ̰, ġ  , Ư ȿ   ϰ
  ֽϴ.  ťϰ   Life with qmail̰, ̸ MTA
  ϳ qmail ġϰ ϴ  մϴ.  ťϿ 
     ſ ,  ʿ α׷鸸 ϹǷ
  ť ϴ е鲲 ϰ  ȳԴϴ.
  ______________________________________________________________________

  

  1. Ұ
     1.1 
     1.2 ť̶?
     1.3 qmail ?
        1.3.1 
        1.3.2 
        1.3.3 ŷڼ
        1.3.4 
     1.4 
     1.5 Ư¡
        1.5.1 ġ
        1.5.2 
        1.5.3 ޼
        1.5.4 SMTP 
        1.5.5 ť
        1.5.6 ǵ (Bounces)
        1.5.7  ϱ
        1.5.8 SMTP 
        1.5.9  ḵƮ
        1.5.10 
        1.5.11 POP3 
     1.6  Ű
     1.7 
     1.8 
     1.9 Ÿ MTA 
     1.10 
        1.10.1 man page
        1.10.2 Docs
        1.10.3 FAQ
        1.10.4 å
        1.10.5 ḵƮ 
        1.10.6 Ÿ Ʈ
     1.11 
        1.11.1 ḵƮ
           1.11.1.1 ť
           1.11.1.2 qmailannounce
           1.11.1.3 serialmail
           1.11.1.4 ezmlm
        1.11.2 㿪
     1.12 Y2K

  2. ġ
     2.1 ġ 
        2.1.1 ̳ʸ  ҽڵ
        2.1.2 Tarball ü Ű
     2.2 غ
     2.3 ý ʿ
     2.4 ҽ ʽÿ.
     2.5 ҽ ϼ.
        2.5.1 ȯ ϼ.
        2.5.2  Ǳϴ.
        2.5.3 丮 ϴ.
        2.5.4 ڿ ׷ ϴ.
        2.5.5  ϼ.
     2.6 ucspi-tcp ġմϴ.
     2.7 daemontools ġմϴ.
     2.8 ť մϴ.
        2.8.1 /var/qmail/rc
        2.8.2 ý ⵿ 
        2.8.3  ġ MTA ߰ ϰ մϴ.
        2.8.4 ý۾ٸ ϴ.
        2.8.5 ť մϴ.
     2.9 ġ մϴ.

  3. 
     3.1 
     3.2 
        3.2.1 Ұ
        3.2.2  
        3.2.3 ̼ ϱ
     3.3  ȣƮ
     3.4 󵵸
     3.5 ٸ
     3.6 qmail-users
        3.6.1  Ҵ
        3.6.2 ϵī Ҵ
        3.6.3 qmail-user α׷

  4. 
     4.1 .qmail
        4.1.1 α׷
        4.1.2 mbox 
        4.1.3 maildir 
        4.1.4  
        4.1.5 ּ
     4.2 ޼ 
        4.2.1 SMTP
        4.2.2 /var/qmail/bin/sendmail
        4.2.3 qmail-inject
     4.3 ȯ溯

  5. 
     5.1 procmail
     5.2 POP ׸ IMAP 
        5.2.1 qmail-pop3d
           5.2.1.1 qmail-pop3d 
           5.2.1.2 qmail-pop3d ġ
        5.2.2 qpopper
        5.2.3 Cyrus
        5.2.4 imap-maildir
     5.3 POP IMAP Ŭ̾Ʈ
        5.3.1 fetchmail
     5.4  RCPT   RCPT 
     5.5 VERP
     5.6 ذ
        5.6.1 
        5.6.2 α
           5.6.2.1 splogger
           5.6.2.2 cyclog
           5.6.2.3 ϸ޼
     5.7  
        5.7.1 Scalable parallelism
     5.8 Sendmail ťϷ ű
     5.9 ḵƮŴ (Mailing List Managers: MLM's)
        5.9.1 ezmlm
        5.9.2 
     5.10 ġ
        5.10.1 DNS
           5.10.1.1 Ŷۻ 65536 оø
           5.10.1.2 Christopher K. Davis ġ (AURL CDATA http://www.ckdhr.com/ckd/qmail-103.patchANAME CDATA (URL)URL)
        5.10.2 qmail-ldap
     5.11 QMTP (Quick Mail Transfer Protocol)

  6. η
     6.1 
     6.2  Ű
        6.2.1 dot-forward
        6.2.2 fastforward
        6.2.3 ucspi-tcp
        6.2.4 daemontools
        6.2.5 qmailanalog
        6.2.6 rblsmtpd
        6.2.7 AID CDATA serial(LABEL)LABEL serialmail
        6.2.8 mess822
        6.2.9 ezmlm
        6.2.10 safecat
        6.2.11 maildrop
     6.3 ͳݸ ۹
        6.3.1 ޼ A B  
        6.3.2 
           6.3.2.1 ͳ RFC
     6.4  AID CDATA architecture(LABEL)LABEL
        6.4.1 ý۱
        6.4.2 ϱ
        6.4.3 ť
        6.4.4 
     6.5 ¼ ѹ   AID CDATA iFAQ(LABEL)LABEL
        6.5.1 ť ޼    ϱ?
        6.5.2  MX  Ʈ   ϴµ ֱ׷?
        6.5.3 QUEUE_EXTRA?
     6.6 ޼
     6.7 ǿ Ǽ
        6.7.1 ť    ʽϴ.
        6.7.2 ť Ȩ丮  ڿ   ʽϴ.
        6.7.3 ť ̸ 빮ڸ  ڿ   ʽϴ.
        6.7.4 ť Ȩ丮 ׷̳ Ÿڿ ⸦ ϴ ڿ   ʽϴ.
        6.7.5 ť Ȯּ (.) ݷ(:) ٲߴϴ.
        6.7.6 ť Ȯּ 빮ڸ ҹڷ ٲߴϴ.
        6.7.7 ť /etc/hosts  ʽϴ.
        6.7.8 ť SMTPȰ  ʽϴ.
        6.7.9 ť   ʽϴ.
        6.7.10 ť /var/qmail/queue/lock/trigger Ʋٱ̰ų ̸ ʾϴ.
     6.8 lwq  FAQ
        6.8.1 lwq ڴ?
        6.8.2 lwq ̼?
        6.8.3 lwq    ִٴ     ֽϱ?
        6.8.4 lwqڿ   ̾߱  ֽϱ?
        6.8.5 lwq ٸ  Ǿϱ?
        6.8.6 lwq HTML̿ܿ ƮũƮ, PDF, ѱ, Ǵ ٸ·ε   ֽϱ?
        6.8.7 lwq ߴ, ýı, ϵũ,  ߽ϴ.

  ______________________________________________________________________

  1.  Ұ

  1.1.  

  ťϰ  (Life with qmail,  lwq ٿ θ) PC
  Linux  ġ Ϲ Ƹ߾ ()   ý
   Ǵ   ڿ ̸ ť ϰ ϴ
    Դϴ.

  ťϿ  ǳ  پ ҽ ֽϴ. 
  ڵ  ϰ,  ڰ ִٰ ϴ.  lwq
  ƴ ޿, ڰ  鸸 ִٰ   ̷
   ٿ ϼҽ  մϴ.

  o  н ϰ 丮 ٷ

  o   FTP Ŭ̾Ʈ ̱

  o  ø 

  1.2.  ť̶?

  ť н ü ͳ Mail Transfer Agent (MTA)Դϴ.
  κ UNIXü ϰ ִ Sendmailý üմϴ.
  Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) ̿ؼ ٸ ý MTA
  ޼ ȯմϴ.

  --------------------------------------------------------------
  : ٸ̸ Qmail ƴϰ qmailԴϴ.
  --------------------------------------------------------------

  1.3.  qmail ?

   ü Sendmail̶ MTA ϰ  Ƿ,
   ̹ а Ŵٸ,  Ƹ    ã ִٰ
  մϴ. ť ٸ vendor ϴ MTA   
   ϴ.

  1.3.1.  

    Ǿϴ.  Sendmail   ɰ
  ϴ.  Sendmail ó  Net谡 ξ 
  ȣ־ϴ.   ˾Ұ,  Ϸ ϰų
  ڵ ʿ䰡 ϴ. ó ͳ ݿԴ ʹ 
   ȯԴϴ. Sendmail  Eric Allman  
  ϼ, ¥ ϰ  ٽ ϴ  ۿ ϴ.

  1.3.2.  

  Ẹ⸦ óմϴ. (20 defaultԴϴ.)

  1.3.3.  ŷڼ

  ѹ  ޼  ġ ʽϴ.  ẹµ ϴµ,
  NFS locking ʰ  ۵մϴ.

  1.3.4.  

  ٸ  MTA ۽ϴ.

  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  :  Ȩ <url url="http://pobox.com/~djb/qmail.html">   а
          ÷ҽϴ.
  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  1.4.  

  ť  ī ϸմп б ô Dan Bernstein
  (DJB) ̽ϴ (Ȩ:  <http://pobox.com/~djb/djb.html>).
  Ÿιڻ粲 ȣо߿ , ̱θ 
  ȣȭҽڵ  Ҽε  ˷̽ϴ. Ҽۿ
  ؼ <http://www.news.com/News/Item/0,4,36217,00.html?owv>
  Ͻʽÿ.

  ť ʰ 1996 1 24Ͽ  0.70 ŸԴϴ.
  ʰ 1996 8 1 0.90Դϴ.

  Ϲ ó ó° 1997 2 20 1.0Դϴ.  
   1.03 1998 6 15Ͽ Խϴ.

  1.5.  Ư¡

  ťȨ <http://pobox.com/~djb/qmail.html> ťƯ¡
  سҽϴ. ̹ ܶ װ  մϴ.

  1.5.1.  ġ

  o   н ڵϹǷ ̽ (porting) ʿ䰡
     ϴ.

  o  ȣƮ ڵ

  o   ġǹǷ    ʽϴ.

  1.5.2.  

  o  ּ, , α׷   ϰ ҽϴ.

  o  setuid ڵ带 ּȭ߽ϴ.

  o  (root) ڵ带 ּȭ߽ϴ.

  o  Five-way trust partitioning--ɵ ִ 

  o  one-way ޼ , Ǵ ޼ü    
     ֽϴ. (``幮η'' ִ QUEUE_EXTRA ΰ?
     ʽÿ.)

  1.5.3.  ޼

  o  RFC 822 RFC 1123 ϴ.

  o  address group  մϴ.

  o   ּҸƮ RFC 822  ڵȯմϴ.

  o   sendmail user agent ȣȯϱ ؼ sendmail 
     մϴ.

  o  headerٱ Ѱ ޸𸮰 ϴ Դϴ.

  o  host masquerading (defaulthost ʽÿ.)

  o  user masquerading (MAILUSER MAILHOST ʽÿ.)

  o  Mail-Followup-To ڵմϴ. (QMAILMFTFILE ʽÿ.)

  1.5.4.  SMTP 

  o  RFC 821, RFC 1123, RFC 1651, RFC 1652, RFC 1854  ؼ

  o  8-bit ֹ

  o  RFC 931/1413/ident/TAP callbak Ը   

  o  relay  ܺ   ߰

  o  relay  alias Ұ

  o  local IPּ ڵν

  o  ۺ timeout

  o  hop counting

  o  ó ѵ (ucspi-tcp ̿)

  o  (ucspi-tcp ̿ؼ) ǿڵκ Ӱź

  o   client  ߰ ޼ ۼ

  o  (rblsmtpd ) RBL/ORBS 

  1.5.5.  ť

  o  ť  ޼ ﰢó

  o  óѰ

  o  ť丮 п  ť ӵ 

  o  2Ŀ  õ   ޼ óȸ 
     (``幮η'' )

  o  ޼ õ  

  o  ڵ  ťϱ ý    

  o  ں ڵ ýƮϱ

  o  ڵ ťû

  o  ť (qmail-qread )

  o  (qmailanalog ̿) ڼ 

  1.5.6.  ǵ (Bounces)

  o      ִ QSBMF ǵ ޼

  o    RFC 1893 ڵ HCMSSC 

  o   ǵ postmasterԵ 

  1.5.7.   ϱ

  o  ȣƮ ؼ  ̸  ( ϼ.)

  o   ߾󵵸 (߾󵵸 .)

  o   ϵī (߾󵵸 .)

  o   "percent hack"  (percenthack .)

  o  UUCP hook

  1.5.8.  SMTP 

  o  RFC 821, RFC 974, RFC 1123 

  o  8 ó

  o  ٿ ȣƮ ڵ backoff

  o  smarthost, localnet, mailertable ΰ  (smtproutes
     .)

  o  ۺ ŸӾƿ

  o  SLIP/PPP  ˸ (serialmail )  SMTP ť

  o  (serialmail ) autoTURN

  1.5.9.   ḵƮ

  o  sendmal .forward (dot-forward ̿ؼ) 

  o  (fastforward ) hashed forwarding ͺ̽

  o  sendmail /etc/aliases (fastforward ̿ؼ) 

  o  巹 ϵī (.qmail-default .)

  o  ٿ ް޼ ڵȯϴ ḵƮ

  o  ḵƮٿ  ڵ  ν VERP

  o  Delivered-To  ڵ ȣƮ 

  1.5.10.  

  o  巹 ڰ ϹǷ fred fred-anything mbox 
     

  o  ִ NFS  (maildir .)

  o  procmail  ڰ ϴ α׷  (qmail-command
     )

  o    (qbiff )

  o  NRUDT ݼ ǥ  (qreceipt .)

  o   ͸ (condredirect bouncesaying .)

  1.5.11.  POP3 

  o  RFC 1939 

  o  UIDL 

  o  TOP 

  o  APOP hook

  o  (checkpassword ̿ؼ) н˻ ȭ

  1.6.   Ű

  ťϿ     ǵ Լ ۵ϰ, Լ 
    Զ Ͽ  Ѵٴ н
  ö ϴ. ٸ δ  յ  
      籸ϴ Դϴ.

  ׷ٸ,  ť ϳ  ϱ⸦ ٶ
  𸣰, ť   ȥ ʴ´ٴ   
  ƴմϴ. , ť    αִ add-on 
  ⿡ ֽϴ.

  o  dot-forward: sendmail .forward  ȣȯ ܿ

  o  fastforward: sendmail alias ͺ̽ ȣȯ ܿ

  o  ucspi-tcp  : inetd ü

  o  daemontools:   α׸ ϴ 

  o  qmailanalog: ť α м

  o  rblsmtpd   : anti-spam 

  o  serialmail : ӳݿ mailing  

  o  mess822    : ͳݸ޼ ؼ 

  o  ezmlm      : ť  ḵƮ 

  1.7.  

  ``η'' ť ɱ  ٷϴ. Ѹ,
  ť δٸ  ϴ α׷() ̾ ֽϴ.

  1.8.  

  ť Ǹ  Dan Bernstein ְ, ڱǸ
   ʽϴ.  <http://pobox.com/~djb/softwarelaw.html> ø,
  ̱ Ǹ  Ǹ ڰ ϴ°
  ҽϴ.  <http://pobox.com/~djb/qmail/dist.html> ״
  ť ҽڵ Ǹ 㰡߽ϴ. ̳ʸ װ
  <http://pobox.com/~djb/qmail/var-qmail.html> ȴ ϸ
  ε˴ϴٸ,    ʰ ֽϴ.
   ؼ   ̵ ť   ְ, ġ
   ťϼҽڵǰ var-qmail ̳ʸ  ٽù 
  ְ, ťϿ  ġ   ֽϴ.  ťϼҽڵ峪
   var-qmail̳ʸ   ϴ.

  1.9.  Ÿ MTA 

    å   , б⿡  Դϴ.   
  н MTA  ťϰ  ߽ϴ.

  MTA                Ư¡              Sendmail   ȭ
  qmail     ߰                       add-on       ֽ
  Sendmail                                  ȵ
  Postfix            ߰                       ֽ
  exim      medium  low     high      medium      yes          no exim
  ߰               ߰                 ȵ

  Sendmail̶ ش MTA 鿡 SendmailƼ, .forward ̳
  /etc/aliases /var/spool/mail   Sendmail ٸ MTA
  ȯ  ڵ    ϴ Դϴ.

  Cameron Laird
  <http://starbase.neosoft.com/~claird/comp.mail.misc/MTA_comparison.html>
  ̰͵ ٸ ,  MTA   ϴ.

  1.10.  

  1.10.1.  man page

  ťϹ man page Ϻ߽ϴ. ġϸ /var/qmail/man
  Դϴ. MANPATHȯ溯  丮 ߰Ͻñ ٶϴ.

  ׷, "man qmail׸"̶ Ͻø ش man page ݴϴ.

   ּҿ HTML ¶λ󿡼 man page Ͻ 
  ֽϴ.

  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  : ť man page  , ǰ м
  Ƿ Ĳϰ ž մϴ. Ѻθ μϿ  ż 
   ִ ľسƾ մϴ.    Ǯ̵
  Ƿ,   ִ  ϸ ã⿡ ϴ.
  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  1.10.2.  Docs

  ť  /var/qmail/doc ġϴ   մϴ.

  o  FAQ     : Frequently Asked Questions ( Բ)

  o  INSTALL*: ġ

  o  PIC.*   : ť ٽɱɹ .  ̻  η
     ``׸'' ʽÿ.
  o  پ Ÿ ġ 

   ּҿ ¶ Ͻ  ֽϴ.

  o  <http://www.qmail.org/man/index.html>

  1.10.3.  FAQ

    FAQ ΰ ֽϴ.

  o  /var/qmail/doc/FAQ: Ϲ ؽƮ,

  o  <http://pobox.com/~djb/qmail/faq.html>: web FAQ

  web FAQ  մϴ.

  1.10.4.  å

  John Levine Russel Nelson O'Reilly & Associates
  <http://www.oreilly.com> ťå µ, ݳ⸻  
  Դϴ.  Russel John qmail ḵƮ  Ͻð,
  ťϿ  İ ɷ ؼ ť ȿְ ǰְ
  ǻϴ  ּ̽ϴ. O'Reilly ǻðǿ 
  Źմϴ.  å ǽ  ť "bible" ɰ̴ϴ.

  1.10.5.  ḵƮ 

  Dan Bernstein ϴ ť ̸ ḵƮ 
  ҽԴϴ. ḵƮ޼   ˴ϴ.

  o  <http://www.ornl.gov/cts/archives/mailing-lists/qmail/>

     ġ  ֽϴ.

  o  <http://www-archive.ornl.gov:8000/>

  Ÿ web     ֽϴ.

  o  <http://www.egroups.com/list/djb-qmail/?refstop=1 >

  o  <http://msgs.securepoint.com/qmail/>

  ťϿ  κ   ḵƮ   
    ֽϴ.

  1.10.6.  Ÿ Ʈ

  o  <http://pobox.com/~djb/qmail.html>: ť  Ȩ

  o  <http://www.qmail.org>: ť  Ȩμ add-on ġ
       ٸ Ʈ ִ  ť   ũ
     ϴ.

  1.11.  

  1.11.1.  ḵƮ

   ḵƮ cr.yp.to ֽϴ. иӰ ̸ּҸ 
  ϰ Ϸ ϰ ȿ ּҿ "mailto" URL  ʽϴ.

  ḵƮ ezmlm ϴµ, ּҺ  մϴ.

  o  listname@list.cr.yp.to: ޼ۺּҷμ ̸ ޼ ø
      ڿ ϴ. / û ̸ 
     ȵǴµ, ׷ ()   Ӹ ƴ϶, ڵ
     ð ϱ Դϴ.

  o  listname-help@list.cr.yp.to: "help"ּԴϴ. ּҿ
     Ϲݻ 帳ϴ.

  o  listname-subscribe:  ޼ ̸  Ե˴ϴ.

  o  listname-unsubscribe:  ޼ ̸  ˴ϴ.

    joe@example.com  ()ּҸ ÷ 
  ּҷ ޼ ʽÿ.

  o  listname-subscribe-joe=example.com@list.cr.yp.to

  1.11.1.1.  ť

  ֿ ť ḵƮ. serialmail  ťϿ õ Ϳ
   а  .   ñ  FAQ ð,
  ḵƮ  ñ ٶϴ.  ϽǶ ٸ 
    ֵ     Ͻñ ٶϴ.

  o   ϼ̽ϱ?   ϼ̽ϱ?  ߿ 
     𸣽ø qmail-showctl  Ͻʽÿ.  
     ϼ̽ϱ?  ൿ ϼ̽ϱ?

  o   Ͼ ٶ̽ϱ?    ϼ̽ϱ? д
      ؼ ˰̶  ʽÿ.

  o   Ͼϱ?   Ͻʽÿ. α ߶
     Ͻð, ޼纻  Բ Ͻʽÿ.

  1.11.1.2.  qmailannounce

  ο  ⿡ ǥ˴ϴ. ԽûּҴ , бԴϴ.

  1.11.1.3.  serialmail

  serialmail  Դϴ.

  1.11.1.4.  ezmlm

  ezmlm ḵƮ   Դϴ.

  1.11.2.  㿪

  <http://www.qmail.org/top.html#paidsup> ø  
  ڸ ֽϴ.

  1.12.  Y2K

  ť Y2K ϴ.  <http://www.qmail.org/qmaily2k.html>
  ʽÿ.

  2.  ġ

  ť ġϴ  մϴ. ִ ý۾ֵ
  ҽǿ ִ INSTALL û  ť ġ 
  ֽϴ. INSTALLû  ġûԴϴ. װ 
  lwq û׺ ϰ, д  ִ ý۾ֵΰ
  ̶ֵ ϴ.

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  :  û Ŵٸ ü׸ о ü ñ
          ٶϴ.
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  2.1.  ġ 

  2.1.1.  ̳ʸ  ҽڵ

  ̸ϵ ǰ ̼ට, ť 
  ҽڵ ġմϴ.

  ҽڵ ̳ʸ Ͻñ ƴٸ,   Ѵٰ
  Ͻʽÿ. ̳ʸڴ    ְ ޵˴ϴ.
  ҽڵڴ а, ȿ, ġ, , ׸ 丮  
  ü ޵˴ϴ. ҽڵ弳ġ    ؾ ,
  û öϰ ,   ų  ϴ.  
  Դ ڴ  żϰ, ϴ    , ڽ
   ڿ , װ       ˰
  ˴ϴ.

  2.1.2.  Tarball ü Ű

  ҽڵ弳ġ ڵ ϴ  ϴ ü ֽϴ.
  ڷ ٽ ڸ, ߸  ڰ   
  û Űϴ Դϴ.
  Ǹ ʽϱ?

  δ ׷  ƴ Դϴ. Ű Ⱑ ſ ,
      ֽϴ.  װ͵ Ʈ̹Ƿ,
  ٸ͵ó,    ֽϴ.  ,   
   밡 ġ ˴ϴ.     ڽ
  ȣ 缭  ϰ, ڰ  , 
  ۿϴ   Ұ ˴ϴ.

  ť ڶ,  غ   𸨴ϴ. ׷,
  ڰ ƴմϴ.  ý Ǿ  Ϸ ġڿ
  ڴ  ؾ մϴ. ڵġ ť ġǺ
  ġϱ⿡ ϴٸ, ġ ϰ  ذϴ 
  ϴ. ýۿ ť ѹ ġϸ , 
  缳ؾ  ְ,   帣 ʴ  ľؾ 
   ֽϴ.

  ̷,  ť RedHat̳ Ÿ ڵġ ƴ ҽũ
  tarball ġϽñ⸦ ǰմϴ.

  2.2.  غ

  ť ýۿ ġϱ , ťϼġ ó Ѵٸ, 
   ֽϴ.

  o  ϸ ť ýۿ ġϽʽÿ. ̷ ߿ 
     ʰ, Ǵ ڵ鿡 Ἥ񽺸  ʰ Ǽغ ȸ
     ϴ.

  o  нý ų ýۿ ̹ sendmail̳ smail̳ Ÿ MTA
      Ͽ  óǰ ־, 񽺿 浹 鼭
     ť κ   ֽϴ.

  o  ٸ MTA ťϷ ü , ť  , ȹ
      ϴ.

  2.3.  ý ʿ

  ť κ н н ýۿ ġǰ ˴ϴٸ
   ʿ ֽϴ.

  o  ϵ Ϻκп  10ް . 
     Ʈ ϸ 4ް ϴ.

  o  Ϸ, ý, ׸ Է  ϴ  C
     ߽ý. û ʿ κ  ˷ݴϴ.

  o  ̳ʸ, , ׸   Ͽ  2-3ް.

  o  ť   ũ. ұԸ ϻ ý
     2-3ްո  ˴ϴ. 뷮  2-3 Ⱑ ־
      𸨴ϴ.

  o  ȣȯ  ý. κ н ˴ϴ. ҽƮ README
      ȣȯ Ʈ ֽϴ.
  o  DNS   մϴ. ׷  ť
     smtproutes config Ͽ  ݽýθ ϴ.

  o   ݿ . ť   ýۿ  Ǿ 28.8k
     ̾ ḵƮ ϰ   𸨴ϴ. ť
       ýۿ   ֵ Ϸ serialmail Ű
     Ǿϴ.    Ű η ``ø׸''
     ø ˴ϴ.

  2.4.  ҽ ʽÿ.

  ,  ť ġ  ֵ ʿ׿ ´ ý
  غϼ̱. ù° ܰ ťϰ ٸ ֵ ҽڵ带
  ٿεϴ Դϴ. ť 翬 ʿϰ, ucspi-tcp
  daemontools ʿ Դϴ.

  o  qmail,  <ftp://koobera.math.uic.edu/www/software/qmail-1.03.tar.gz>

  o  ucspi-tcp,  <http://cr.yp.to/ucspi-tcp/ucspi-tcp-0.88.tar.gz>

  o  daemontools,
     <ftp://koobera.math.uic.edu/www/daemontools/daemontools-0.61.tar.gz>

   FTP Ŭ̾Ʈ ̿ؼ  ϵ .

  2.5.  ҽ ϼ.

  2.5.1.  ȯ ϼ.

  ù°  α׷ ϱ⿡ ʿ  ߾ 
  ȮԴϴ. ̰ ϴ   н ϴ.
  帱  ִ   ,  , غ ̴ϴ.

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  : ̰͵ ϳ ϸ,  ׸ Ѿŵ ˴ϴ.
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

      Ʈ, cc , ͸ :
        $ cc cc: No input files specified $

       ϰ , C Ϸ ο ִ Դϴ. ׷
        ʴ, ġǾ
         ʴٴ  ƴմϴ. ġǾ   , ο
        ԵǾ    ֽϴ. , ġǾ   
        ֽϴ. ̷ غ.  "

     o  /usr/bin/cc

     o  /usr/bin/gcc

     o  /usr/local/bin/cc

     o  /usr/local/bin/gcc

     o  /usr/ccs/bin/cc

      ҿ , ÷ Ư ´  ϼž մϴ.
        Ʈ   ϳ Ͻôµ,  OS ž
        մϴ.

     o  Red Hat Linux: rpm -qa | grep gcc or rpm -qa | grep egcs

     o  FreeBSD: GCC Ʈ Ե˴ϴ.

  ̹ ׸񿡼 ť  ϴ ܰ踦 Ĩϴ.
  ̱Ⱑ , ׷ ʿ ʽϴ.

  2.5.2.   Ǳϴ.

   , ̹ C Ϸ tarball غϽ ̴ϴ. Ÿ
  ۾Ͻ 丮 ϰų ű⼼. /usr/local/src , 
  쿡 /usr/local/src/qmail   ο   ֽϴ.

           mkdir -p /usr/local/src/qmail
           mv *.tar.gz /usr/local/src/qmail

  /usr/local/src/qmail    Ƿ, װ͵ Ǫʽÿ.
   ƴ϶ ⿡  Ǽž մϴ. Ʈ  
  ϼ:

          su -
          cd /usr/local/src/qmail
          gunzip qmail-1.03.tar.gz
          tar xvf qmail-1.03.tar
          gunzip ucspi-tcp-0.84.tar.gz
          tar xvf ucspi-tcp-0.84.tar
          gunzip daemontools-0.61.tar.gz
          tar xvf daemontools-0.61.tar
          rm *.tar    #    ϴ û

  qmail-1.03, ucspi-tcp-0.84, daemontools-0.61  丮
  ϴ. qmail-1.03 丮 ø ϰڽϴ.

    cd qmail-1.03

  2.5.3.  丮 ϴ.

  ʿ 丮 ť ġ α׷ Ƿ, ť
  Ȩ丮  ָ ˴ϴ.

    mkdir /var/qmail

  ׷  ׸ ϴ.

  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  : ťϵ /var ƴ ٸ   ø, /var/qmail丮
          װ Ű ɺ ũ ø ˴ϴ.

           ,   Ͻø ˴ϴ.

          mkdir /var/qmail
          ln -s /usr/man /var/qmail/man
          mkdir /etc/qmail
          ln -s /etc/qmail /var/qmail/control
          ln -s /usr/sbin /var/qmail/bin
  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  2.5.4.  ڿ ׷ ϴ.

  ʿ ڿ ׷      ũƮ
   ϴ Դϴ. ҽ丮 INSTALL.ids  ֽϴ.
  ű⿡   شϴ  ִµ,   ٸ
  ̸ ؼ ϸ  ϴ.

     cp INSTALL.ids IDS

  Ͻô ͷ ʿ    ϴ.  , Ŀ
  FreeBSD  IDS  ϴ.

          pw groupadd nofiles
          pw useradd alias -g nofiles -d /var/qmail/alias -s /nonexistent
          pw useradd qmaild -g nofiles -d /var/qmail -s /nonexistent
          pw useradd qmaill -g nofiles -d /var/qmail -s /nonexistent
          pw useradd qmailp -g nofiles -d /var/qmail -s /nonexistent
          pw groupadd qmail
          pw useradd qmailq -g qmail -d /var/qmail -s /nonexistent
          pw useradd qmailr -g qmail -d /var/qmail -s /nonexistent
     pw useradd qmails -g qmail -d /var/qmail -s /nonexistent

  Ϸ, chmod Ἥ Ϸ ðų sh Ͻʽÿ.

      ù° :

          chmod 700 IDS
          ./IDS

      ι° :

          /bin/sh IDS

  ũƮ  ϷǾ ڿ ׷  ׸ ϴ.

  ׷, INSTALL.ids ش ý  ϱ?  װ͵
   մϴ. ϴ ͸ ؼ /etc/group ϼ.
      ϳ ÷Ͻʽÿ.

    qmail:*:2107:
    nofiles:*:2108:

  -------------------------------------------------------------------------
  : 2107 2108   ƴ Ȯϼž մϴ.
  -------------------------------------------------------------------------

  δ, vipw ̿ؼ  ٵ    ̽ʽÿ.
  (κ ýۿ vipw ,  ͷ /etc/passwd
  մϴ.)

          alias:*:7790:2108::/var/qmail/alias:/bin/true
          qmaild:*:7791:2108::/var/qmail:/bin/true
          qmaill:*:7792:2108::/var/qmail:/bin/true
          qmailp:*:7793:2108::/var/qmail:/bin/true
          qmailq:*:7794:2107::/var/qmail:/bin/true
          qmailr:*:7795:2107::/var/qmail:/bin/true
          qmails:*:7796:2107::/var/qmail:/bin/true

  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  : 7790-7796  ʴ´ٴ Ͱ 2107 2108   ׷̵
          ٴ  ȮϽʽÿ.
  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  ̷ ͵ ش  ÷ؾ ϴ  ƴ, ׷
  ϱⰡ  ϴ.

   ׸  غ Ǽ̱.

  2.5.5.   ϼ.

   ť Ͻ غ Ǿϴ.

  丮 PATHȯ溯   conf-cc conf-ld
  Ͻʽÿ. Ϸ gcc̰, PATH ִٰ ϸ, conf-cc conf-
  ld  ϰ, cc gcc ٲٽʽÿ.

  ׷ ϼ  Ʈ   ϼ.

    make setup check

   , ġļ ϼž մϴ.    ִ
  ũƮ ξ ֽϴ.

  DNS  Ǿٸ,  ũƮ ϱ⸸ ϸ ˴ϴ.

    ./config

    config DNS hostname ã ϸ, config-fast
  script ϼž մϴ.

    ./config-fast ȣƮ..

   ,  example.com̰, ǻ ȣƮ
  dolphin̶, config-fast   մϴ.

    ./config-fast dolphin.example.com

  ť ýۿ ġǾ  غ Ǿϴ! ׸
  ť ϰ ϴ ܰ踦 ȳմϴ.

  2.6.  ucspi-tcp ġմϴ.

   qmail, ucpsi-tcp, daemontools Ÿ Ǯϴ. 
  װ͵ /usr/local/src/qmail Ǯϴ.  ucpsi-tcp丮
  űô.

    cd /usr/local/src/qmail/ucspi-tcp-0.84

  Ȱ ݴϴ.

  ׷ڿ   Ͻʽÿ.

    make
    make setup check

  2.7.  daemontools ġմϴ.

  daemontools ϵ丮 մϴ.

    cd /usr/local/src/qmail/daemontools-0.61

   ѹ, conf-cc conf-ld qmail ucspi-tcp Ͻ , 
  丮 Ȱ մϴ.

  ׸   մϴ.

    make
    make setup check

  2.8.  ť մϴ.

  2.8.1.  /var/qmail/rc

  /var/qmail/boot丮     ť 
  ũƮ ֽϴ. /var/spool/mail  $HOME/Mailbox, procmail Ǵ
  dot-forward ̿ϱ, ׸ ̰͵ پ . ѹ δ
  غñ ٶϴ. 츮 ġ ؼ  ̿ϰڽϴ.:

      #!/bin/sh

      # Using stdout for logging
      # Using control/defaultdelivery from qmail-local to deliver messages by default

      exec env - PATH="/var/qmail/bin:$PATH" \
      qmail-start "`cat /var/qmail/control/defaultdelivery`"

  ͷ   /var/qmail/rc ð,   մϴ.

    chmod 755 /var/qmail/rc
    mkdir /var/log/qmail

  뿡, .qmail  ϴ ޼鿡  ⺻޸带
  ؾ մϴ.  ̺  뼱  õǾ
  ֽϴ.

   Mailbox
   format     Name       Location        defaultdelivery  Comments

   mbox       Mailbox    $HOME           ./Mailbox        most common, works
                                                               with most MUA's

   maildir    Maildir    $HOME           ./Maildir/       more reliable, less
                                                               MUA support

   mbox        username  /var/spool/mail See INSTALL.vsm  traditional UNIX
                                                               mailbox

    Ͻø INSTALL.mbox, INSTALL.maildir, INSTALL.vsm 
  ʽÿ.

  ⺻ ẹ ¸ ÷,  ̺ defaultdelivery 
  /var/qmail/control/defaultdelivery ʽÿ.  ) ǥ ť
  Mailbox  Ͻ÷   մϴ.

     echo ./Mailbox >/var/qmail/control/defaultdelivery

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  : defaultdelivery ǥ ť   ƴմϴ.  /var/qmail/rc
          Ư¡Դϴ.
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  2.8.2.  ý ⵿ 

  /var/qmail/rc ũƮ  ϼž ϸ, ť
  κаմϴ. ׷, 츮 ť ý Ҷ ڵ
  ϱ⸦ ϰ, ý   ϰ ⸦ մϴ.

  ̰ startup/shutdownũƮ   ۼϸ ˴ϴ.

   #!/bin/sh

   PATH=/var/qmail/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin
   export PATH

   case "$1" in
     start)
       echo -n "Starting qmail: svscan"
       cd /var/qmail/supervise
       env - PATH="$PATH" svscan &
       echo $! > /var/run/svscan.pid
       echo "."
       ;;
     stop)
       echo -n "Stopping qmail: svscan"
       kill `cat /var/run/svscan.pid`
       echo -n " qmail"
       svc -dx /var/qmail/supervise/*
       echo -n " logging"
       svc -dx /var/qmail/supervise/*/log
       echo "."
       ;;
     stat)
       cd /var/qmail/supervise
       svstat * */log
       ;;
     doqueue|alrm)
       echo "Sending ALRM signal to qmail-send."
       svc -a /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-send
       ;;
     queue)
       qmail-qstat
       qmail-qread
       ;;
     reload|hup)
       echo "Sending HUP signal to qmail-send."
       svc -h /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-send
       ;;
     pause)
       echo "Pausing qmail-send"
       svc -p /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-send
       echo "Pausing qmail-smtpd"
       svc -p /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-smtpd
       ;;
     cont)
       echo "Continuing qmail-send"
       svc -c /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-send
       echo "Continuing qmail-smtpd"
       svc -c /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-smtpd
       ;;
     restart)
       echo "Restarting qmail:"
       echo "* Stopping qmail-smtpd."
       svc -d /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-smtpd
       echo "* Sending qmail-send SIGTERM and restarting."
       svc -t /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-send
       echo "* Restarting qmail-smtpd."
       svc -u /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-smtpd
       ;;
     cdb)
       tcprules /etc/tcp.smtp.cdb /etc/tcp.smtp.tmp < /etc/tcp.smtp
       chmod 644 /etc/tcp.smtp*
       echo "Reloaded /etc/tcp.smtp."
       ;;
     help)
       cat <<HELP
      stop -- stops mail service (smtp connections refused, nothing goes out)
     start -- starts mail service (smtp connection accepted, mail can go out)
     pause -- temporarily stops mail service (connections accepted, nothing leaves)
      cont -- continues paused mail service
      stat -- displays status of mail service
       cdb -- rebuild the tcpserver cdb file for smtp
   restart -- stops and restarts smtp, sends qmail-send a TERM & restarts it
   doqueue -- sends qmail-send ALRM, scheduling queued messages for delivery
    reload -- sends qmail-send HUP, rereading locals and virtualdomains
     queue -- shows status of queue
      alrm -- same as doqueue
       hup -- same as reload
   HELP
       ;;
     *)
       echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|doqueue|reload|stat|pause|cont|cdb|queue|help}"
       exit 1
       ;;
   esac

   exit 0

   ũƮ  <http://Web.InfoAve.net/~dsill/qmail-script-
  dt61.txt>   ֽϴ.

  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  : ý Ѵ ť  , ũƮ "start"׸ ִ
          env  nohup Դϴ.

          )
          nohup env - PATH="$PATH" svscan &
  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  ͷ ũƮ ų  ٿεؼ ý
  init.d丮 ġϽôµ,   Ұ ˴ϴ.

  o  /etc/init.d

  o  /sbin/init.d

  o  /etc/rc.d/init.d

  ũƮ qmail̶ ̸̽ʽÿ. ũƮ  rc丮
  ũŰž մϴ.  丮 rcN.d Ǿִµ, N 
  runlevelԴϴ. ⵿丮  ؼ   ٷ
  ʽϴ. ׷  û   ø ý۹
  Ͻʽÿ. rc 丮  ϳ ̴ϴ.

  o  /etc

  o  /sbin

  o  /etc/rc.d

  ũ ôµ,   Ͻʽÿ. RCDIR ý rc
  丮 ҷ ٲٽʽÿ.

      ln -s ../init.d/qmail RCDIR/rc0.d/K30qmail
           ln -s ../init.d/qmail RCDIR/rc1.d/K30qmail
           ln -s ../init.d/qmail RCDIR/rc2.d/S80qmail
           ln -s ../init.d/qmail RCDIR/rc4.d/S80qmail
           ln -s ../init.d/qmail RCDIR/rc5.d/S80qmail
           ln -s ../init.d/qmail RCDIR/rc6.d/K80qmail

  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  : ܰ ڴ ſ ýۿ մϴ. ׷ ټ մϴ.
          Sendmail  ġǾ , "find RCDIR -name "*sendmail" -print" 
          ϸ ýۿ   ִ ڸ ˷ݴϴ.
  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

   ťϼ񽺸  丮 ʽÿ.

           mkdir -p /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-send/log
           mkdir -p /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-smtpd/log
           chmod +t /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-send
           chmod +t /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-smtpd

  /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-send/run ʽÿ.

  #!/bin/sh
  exec /var/qmail/rc

  /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-send/log/run ʽÿ.

  #!/bin/sh
  exec /usr/local/bin/setuidgid qmaill /usr/local/bin/multilog t /var/log/qmail

  /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-smtpd/run ʽÿ.

  #!/bin/sh
  QMAILDUID=`id -u qmaild`
  NOFILESGID=`id -g qmaild`
  exec /usr/local/bin/softlimit -m 2000000 \
      /usr/local/bin/tcpserver -v -p -x /etc/tcp.smtp.cdb \
          -u $QMAILDUID -g $NOFILESGID 0 smtp /var/qmail/bin/qmail-smtpd 2>&1

  /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-smtpd/log/run ʽÿ.

  #!/bin/sh
  exec /usr/local/bin/setuidgid qmaill /usr/local/bin/multilog t /var/log/qmail/smtpd

  runϵ鿡 డ οմϴ.

          chmod 755 /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-send/run
          chmod 755 /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-send/log/run
          chmod 755 /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-smtpd/run
          chmod 755 /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-smtpd/log/run

  ׷ , α׵丮 ϴ.

    mkdir -p /var/log/qmail/smtpd
    chown qmaill /var/log/qmail /var/log/qmail/smtpd

  ⵿ũƮ  οϰ, ο ִ 丮
  ũմϴ.

     # substitute the correct location of your rc dir on the next two lines
          chmod 755 /etc/init.d/qmail
          ln -s /etc/init.d/qmail /usr/local/sbin

  ȣƮ SMTP ؼ   (inject)ϵ մϴ.

     echo '127.:allow,RELAYCLIENT=""' >>/etc/tcp.smtp
          /usr/local/sbin/qmail cdb

  2.8.3.   ġ MTA ߰ ϰ մϴ.

  ťϰ ϴ MTA, 밳 Sendmail, ΰ   ,
  ׷     ǰմϴ. ׸,  ؼ, 
   а Ŵٸ, װ  ϴ  𸣽 ̴ϴ. :-)

   MTA Sendmail̶, init.d ũƮ stopμ ־ Ͽ
    ֽϴ. )   ϳ ȿ ̴ϴ.

    /etc/init.d/sendmail stop
    /sbin/init.d/sendmail stop
    /etc/rc.d/init.d/sendmail stop

  init.d/sendmail ũƮ ã  ٸ, "ps -ef|grep sendmail" Ǵ
  "ps waux|grep sendmail" ؼ sendmail PID ˾Ƴ ڿ,
    ؼ ϴ.

    kill PID-of-sendmail

  MTA Sendmail ƴϸ, ش繮 ٸ   Ͻʽÿ.

  ýۿ  MTA  ϴ ͵ غ մϴ. 
  init.d ũƮ ϰ ϸ ý   ٽô 
  ʽϴ.

  ޸   ؼ Sendmail մϴ.

    rpm -e --nodeps sendmail

  ,  /usr/lib/sendmail ť ٲߴϴ.

    mv /usr/lib/sendmail /usr/lib/sendmail.old                  #  ϼ
    mv /usr/sbin/sendmail /usr/sbin/sendmail.old                #  ϼ
    chmod 0 /usr/lib/sendmail.old /usr/sbin/sendmail.old        #  ϼ
    ln -s /var/qmail/bin/sendmail /usr/lib
    ln -s /var/qmail/bin/sendmail /usr/sbin

   ťϰ ϴ. ܰ ý۾ٸ ξ
   Դϴ.

  2.8.4.  ý۾ٸ ϴ.

   ťϼġ ý۾ٸ   մϴ.

  ٸ            
  postmaster          RFC 821 䱸̸, ֵ () ŵϴ.
  mailer-daemon       ٿῡ  ǻ ǥؼ
  root                Ưǰ   ý۾ֵο .

   ٸ , װ͵ ϳϳ   ϴ 
  (û, Ǵ ּ) ϰ, .qmail  ٳ
  ˴ϴ.  , û dave ý۰  ̶ֵ ϸ
    մϴ.

    echo dave > /var/qmail/alias/.qmail-root
    echo dave > /var/qmail/alias/.qmail-postmaster
    ln -s .qmail-postmaster > /var/qmail/alias/.qmail-mailer-daemon
    chmod 644 /var/qmail/alias/.qmail-root /var/qmail/alias/.qmail-postmaster

  2.8.5.  ť մϴ.

  , ť մϴ.

    /usr/local/sbin/qmail start

  2.9.  ġ մϴ.

  ť  ϰ ̴ϴ. TEST.deliver, TEST.receive ִ
  û ø  ۵ϰ ִ  ˻  ֽϴ. ̵
  û ̿ϸ, α״ splogger ƴ accustamp cyclog
  ٴ  ˾Ƶνʽÿ.

  3.  

   ҽŸ ̳, ڵ κ ť
  ġϼ̽ϴ. ̹ ׸񿡴 ֵ̳ ý۾ֵ ڱⰡ
  ϴ  ť ϱ  ť ϴ  ʿ 
  ֽϴ.

  3.1.  

   ť ýۼ  alias ִ .qmail  
  /var/qmail/control  ֽϴ. qmail-control  
   ̺ ֽϴ.

  Control           Default         Used by       Purpose

  badmailfrom       none            qmail-smtpd   blacklisted From addresses

  bouncefrom        MAILER-DAEMON   qmail-send    username of bounce sender

  bouncehost        me              qmail-send    hostname of bounce sender

  concurrencylocal  10              qmail-send    max simultaneous local
                                                  deliveries

  concurrencyremote 20              qmail-send    max simultaneous remote
                                                  deliveries

  defaultdomain     me              qmail-inject  default domain name

  defaulthost       me              qmail-inject  default host name

  databytes         0               qmail-smtpd   max number of bytes in
                                                  message (0=no limit)

  doublebouncehost  me              qmail-send    host name of double bounce
                                                  sender

  doublebounceto    postmaster      qmail-send    user to receive double
                                                  bounces

  envnoathost       me              qmail-send    default domain for
                                                  addresses without "@"

  helohost          me              qmail-remote  host name used in SMTP
                                                  HELO command
  idhost            me              qmail-inject  host name for Message-ID's

  localiphost       me              qmail-smtpd   name substituted for local
                                                  IP address

  locals            me              qmail-send    domains that we deliver
                                                  locally

  me                FQDN of system  various       default for many control
                                                  files

  morercpthosts     none            qmail-smtpd   secondary rcpthosts
                                                  database

  percenthack       none            qmail-send    domains that can use
                                                  "%"-style relaying

  plusdomain        me              qmail-inject  domain substituted for
                                                  trailing "+"

  qmqpservers       none            qmail-qmqpc   IP addresses of QMQP
                                                  servers

  queuelifetime     604800          qmail-send    seconds a message can
                                                  remain in queue

  rcpthosts         none            qmail-smtpd   domains that we accept
                                                  mail for
  smtpgreeting      me              qmail-smtpd   SMTP greeting message
  smtproutes        none            qmail-remote  artificial SMTP routes

  timeoutconnect    60              qmail-remote  how long, in seconds, to
                                                  wait for SMTP connection

  timeoutremote     1200            qmail-remote  how long, in seconds, to
                                                  wait for remote server

  timeoutsmtpd      1200            qmail-smtpd   how long, in seconds, to
                                                  wait for SMTP client
  virtualdomains    none            qmail-send    virtual domains and users

  Ư Ʈ Ͽ    Ͻø, "Used by"ؿ ŵ
  ⿡ شϴ  Ͻʽÿ.

  3.2.  

  3.2.1.  Ұ

  ̴ ϱ? MTA SMTP ؼ ޼ ޾Ƶ,
  ּ Ǵ ü۽ڰ ƴҶ մϴ.

  ô뿡 MTA ̷ Ǵ  ̾ϴ.
  ۽/ڰ    ϴ ϴ.

   MTA 밳 ̸ ϰų,   ڳ
  ýۿԸ ̸ ϰ ֽϴ.

  3.2.2.   

   ťϼġû  ̴ ⺻ ȵǰ Ǿֽϴ.
  ̰ locals virtualdomains ִ  ӵ鿡 ִ 
  ӵ /var/qmail/control/rcpthostsϿ  Դϴ.
  rcpthosts̸ SMTP RCPT () ɾ մϴ. SMTP
  ǿ RCPT ޼ ּҸ   ϴ. ׷
  rcpthosts RCPT ּҿ Ÿ ȿ ȣƮ Ʈմϴ.

  3.2.3.  ̼ ϱ

  κ ϻڿ ұԸ  ̸    ,
  л  ü Ϸ ڿԸ ̿ 
  ̿ϰ   ִ  ʿմϴ. ̰ qmail-smtpd
  rcpthosts  ϵ tcpserver Ἥ RELAYCLIENTȯ溯
  ϸ ˴ϴ.

   ġû , ̼ ⺻Դϴ.
  Ŭ̾Ʈ ٱ ַ /etc/tcp.smtp 
  ÷Ͻʽÿ.

    IP address of client:allow,RELAYCLIENT=""

  ׸ SMTP ٱ ͺ̽ Ͻʽÿ.

    tcprules /etc/tcp.smtp.cdb /etc/tcp.smtp.tmp < /etc/tcp.smtp
    chmod 644 /etc/tcp.smtp*

  ļġû ٸ, Chris Johnson ť ƯȣƮԸ
  ̸ ϵ ϴ  
  <http://www.palomine.net/qmail/selectiverelay.html> ϵ
  Ͻʽÿ.

  3.3.   ȣƮ

  ȣƮ  ̸̻ ˷,   user@host1.example
  user@example.com̳ user@mail.example.com    ִٸ,
  ťϿ ̷  ˷  ּҷ ο  ,
  ݽýۿ  ޼    ˰ մϴ.

  ׷ Ϸ,     ̸ ÷ϱ⸸ ϸ ˴ϴ.

  o  rcpthosts: qmail-smtpd ̵ ȣƮ ּҸ  
     ޾Ƶ̰ մϴ.

  o  locals: qmail-send ̵ ȣƮ ּҴ ο ޵ǰ
     մϴ.

  3.4.  󵵸

  󵵸 ׸񿡼 帰 ȣƮӰ մϴٸ,
   ߿  ֽϴ. ù°, example.net
  virtual.example.com̶ 󵵸 ִٸ, joe@example.net
   ޼ 밳 joe@virturl.example.com   
  ẹ  ʽϴ. ߾󵵸ο  ̸ Դϴ.

  ťϿ 󵵸 virtualdomainsϿ Ǵµ,
   ϳ Ǵ  ̻ ϴ.

  ť user@domain prepend-user@domain ȯϰ,  
    ó մϴ. user@κ Դϴ. ϸ,
   @domainּҿ ġմϴ.

   example ٽ , example.net ֵ
  john ֵ Ͽ virtual.example.com̶ 󵵸
   ؼ   virtualdomains ־ մϴ.

    virtual.example.com:john

  joe@virtual.example.com  ޼ john-
  joe@virtual.example.com , ο ޵˴ϴ. john 
  󵵸 ϴ  .qmail׸ ּҿ ׸ ñ
  ٶϴ.

  ȣƮӰ   󵵸 rcpthosts ƮǾ
  qmail-smtpd װ ּҵ ޼ ޾Ƶ̰ մϴ. ׷,
  ȣƮӰ Ʋ 󵵸 locals ÷ؼ ȵ˴ϴ

  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  : DNS MX 󵵸  ޼  Ἥ 
          ġǾ մϴ. ̰ Ӽֵ ̰,  ̵ 
          ϴ.
  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  3.5.  ٸ

  ť ǥ ٸ ť ޱ ڿ 
  Դϴ.  qmail-local localpart@host ּҷ ϴ ޼
  localpart ̸ ûڿ Ϸ մϴ. ´ ڰ
   ޼ ü ťϽýۿ /var/qmail/alias Ȩ丮
  pseudo-user ٸ ڿ ޵˴ϴ.

    ޼ tomڿ ȸϴ info@example.comٸ
   Ѵٰ սô. example.com ڷμ  
  մϴ.

    echo tom > /var/qmail/alias/.qmail-info

  .qmail׸ ּҿ׸񿡼  ٸ ִ  ϴ
  .qmail  , ޵Ǵ ޼  ؾ ϴ 
  մϴ.

  ťϿ ٸ Ǵ Ķ ٸ  
     ٴ  Ͻʽÿ.

  fastforward Sendmail ٸ ͺ̽ ȣȯϴ
  Ͽ ߾ٸ  ü ٸ ֽϴ.

   ׸ qmail-users ٸ   ִ ٸ 
  մϴ.

  3.6.  qmail-users

  qmail-users ڿ ּҸ Ҵϴ ýԴϴ. ϵ
  /var/qmail/users Դϴ. Ҵ Ҵ̺Դϴ. simple
  wildcard    Ҵ ֽϴ.

  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  : assign  ٿ Ҵ µ, ٿ ħǥ ݴϴ. assign
           ø ħǥ  ʽÿ.
  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  3.6.1.   Ҵ

   Ҵ  ϴ.

  =address:user:uid:gid:directory:dash:extension:

  address  ޼ userڷ ۵ϴµ, Ư uid gid
  ϸ, directory/.qmaildashextensionϿ ޼  ؾ
  ϴ  Ѵٴ Դϴ.

  3.6.2.  ϵī Ҵ

  ϵī Ҵ  ϴ.

  +prefix:user:uid:gid:directory:dash:prepend:

  prefix ּҷ ŵ ޼ userڷ ۵ϴµ, Ư
  uid gid ϸ, directory/.qmaildashprependϿ ޼ 
  ؾ ϴ  Ѵٴ Դϴ.

  3.6.3.  qmail-user α׷

  qmail-user  α׷   ִµ, qmail-newu qmail-
  pw2uԴϴ.

  qmail-newu assign óؼ /var/qmail/users cdb
  contstant ͺ̽(CDB) ϴ. CDB ̳ʸ ̶
  Ҵ õ qmail-lspawn ſ  մϴ.

  qmail-pw2u ýۻڵͺ̽ /etc/passwd assign 
  Ҵ ȯմϴ. qmail-pw2u ȯĢ ġ  
  մϴ.

  o  include:  

  o  exclude:  

  o  mailnames: ڿ  ü mailnames

  o  subusers: ڰ óϴ ּҷμ .qmailȮ
     ûԴϴ.

  o  append:  Ҵ

  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  : qmail-pw2u ϸ, ڸ ߰, ϰų UID GID ٲ 
          qmail-pw2u qmail-newu 簡ϼž մϴ.
  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  4.  

   ׸񿡼 ڰ ť ϴ  ٷϴ.
  ťϽýۿ  аų ٸ, ⿡  ť
  ̿ϴ  ˰ ɰ̴ϴ.
  4.1.  .qmail

  ڸ  밳 .qmail ϴµ, ̰͵ 
  Ȩ丮 .qmail ϴ ̸ Ǿֽϴ. dot-
  qmail .qmail   ҽϴ.

  .qmailϿ û  ٿ ϳ ֽϴ. 
  óڴ ޹ մϴ.

                                    
   #                   (ڸƮ)             
   |                  α׷                    ɾ
   / Ǵ .           mbox (ڰ        mbox  (/ . )
                      / ƴϸ)
   / Ǵ .           maildir (           mbox  (/ . )
                      ڰ /̸)
   &                                      ޼  ּ
    Ǵ                          ޼  ּ
                                                (ùڸ )

  4.1.1.  α׷

  α׷ø  ť (/bin/sh) ؼ 
  ϴµ,  ޼ ؼ ɿ ǥԷ ֽϴ.
  qmail-command   ڼ  ҽϴ.

  α׷ ſ ϰ ſ     ִµ,
  ޼͸, ޼ ڵ ϱ, procmail  3 ڸ
   ϴ ͵Դϴ.

  )

    |preline /usr/ucb/vacation djb

  ̷ ϸ ť preline ؼ /usr/ucb/vacation djb
  μ ְ, ޼纻 ǥԷ մϴ.

  4.1.2.  mbox 

  Mbox ť μ ǥ н ẹ ε, ߸޼
  Ͽ ϰ, ޼ "From " Ӹ ֽϴ.  
  ʵ尰  ƴմϴ. ̰ ٸ ڰ ÷ؼ 
  д  ش޼ ϴ  ˰ϴ ͻԴϴ.

  :
    ./Mailbox

  ̷ ϸ "From " տ ٿ $HOME/Mailbox ߰մϴ. 
  ޼   mboxẹ  ϴ.

    From user1@example.net Thu May 13 18:34:50 1999
    Received: (qmail 1287205 invoked from network); 13 May 1999 18:34:49 -0000
    From: user1@example.net
    To: user2@example.com
    Subject: hey

    What's up?

  ù ť ϸ鼭 ÷ Դϴ.

  4.1.3.  maildir 

  "Maildir" Dan Bernstein  ẹ·μ mbox 
  ݴϴ. maildirẹ 丮μ 丮  ִµ,
  new, cur, tmp Դϴ. maildirẹ ִ  ޼ ¿ 
  ε丮 ϳ Ϸ Ǿִµ, new   ޼,
  cur  ޼, tmp  ޼  ֽϴ.
  maildir maildirĿ  ڼ Ͽϴ.

  maildir  ϳ ٸ ڰ ÿ Ʈϴ 
   ϴ ŷ  ʾƵ Ȯϴٴ ̴ϴ. ̰
  maildirẹ NFS Ʈ Ͻýۿ ϰ   ִٴ
   մϴ.

  :
    ./Maildir/

  ̰ ޼ maildir ẹ $HOME/Maildir մϴ.

  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  : maildirẹ ťϰ  ϴ maildirmakeα׷ ϴ.

          ) maildirmake ~/Maildir
  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  4.1.4.   

   ּҷ ޼ ٽúϴ. .qmailϿ 
  ּҴ ڰ̾ ϸ, ĿƮʵ   մϴ.

   ƲȽϴ.

    &<user@example.com>
    & user@example.com
    &Joe User <user@example.com>
    &user

    ؾմϴ.

    &user@example.com
    user@example.com

  ׷ ޼纻 user@example.com ϴ.

  4.1.5.  ּ

  ťϿ  ּҸ մϴ.  ⺻ּ
  username@hostname.domainܿ ڴ username-
  extension@hostname.domain    ֽϴ.  츮 
  ýýۿ Ͼ ൿ ϰ Ƿ,  ̹
  ׸񿡼 "@hostname.domain"κ  ʱ մϴ.

  username-extension  û  username/.qmail-extension
  ֽϴ.

   , dave-lwq@sparge.example.com spargeȣƮ ִ
   dave/.qmail-lwq մϴ.

   ʵ   ֽϴ.   dave-list-qmailε,
   dave/.qmail-list-qmail մϴ.  ̹  dave-list-qmail
  ť ḵƮ ߰,  dave/.qmail-list-qmail Ʈ޼
   ẹ Ϻմϴ.

  .qmailϵ -default ϵī ϴ.  ׷ dave-list-
  qmail  /.qmail-list-defaultε ó  ֽϴ. ̷ ϸ 
  dave-list-whateverּҵ ٷµ ־ .qmail ϳ ־
  մϴ.  ׷ dave-list  dave/.qmail-list-default 
  ϴµ, list "-"   Ͻʽÿ.

  ť ã ߿    ϴ.  , dave-
  list-qmail ּҷ ޼ Դٸ,   ã ߿
  ù° ϴ.

  o

  o

  o

  ġϴ .qmail   ϰ ޼ ̿
  ǵϴ.

  4.2.  ޼ 

  ڴ ޼   ־ MTA   
  ʽϴ. ü Mail User Agent (MUA) pine̳ mutt  Ἥ
  ޼ ۼϰ µ, MUA MTA ȣؼ ޼ մϴ.
  MTA ޼ ǳִ ó injection̶ մϴ.

  κ MTA ޼ injectϴ    ֽϴ.
  Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)   MTA ϴ
  α׷ ̿ϴ Դϴ.

  4.2.1.  SMTP

  MUA ȣƮ  Ἥ ִ ǥ SMTPƮ 25 Ʈ
  TCP  ϴ.   , MUA MTA    ȭ
  ϳ մϴ.

  o  the message being transfered to the MTA, Ǵ

  o  a error status being returned to the MUA

  SMTP ġ Ƿ ޼ µ ̳ н尡
  ʿϴ.  ׷  MTA ûڰ ų ޴ Ͱ
   ޼ մϴ. ε ޼ rejectǸ  
   찡  ϴ.  ̼   ׸
  ʽÿ.

  4.2.2.  /var/qmail/bin/sendmail

    Sendmail н MTAϴ.    װ
  ־⿡  α׷ӵ Ƿ װ MTA ϴ.   ,
  Sendmail   ġ øǿ  ǥ Application
  Programmer's Interface (API) Ǿϴ.  ťϰ Ÿ Sendmail
  MTA sendmailα׷ ؼ ǿ ؼ ¥ Sendmail
  sendmail ȱ ۵ϵ մϴ.

  ť sendmail  /var/qmail/bin/sendmail ִµ, 밳
  ťϽýۿ Sendmail sendmail üմϴ.  
  sendmailα׷  ֽϴ.

  o  /usr/lib/sendmail

  o  /usr/sbin/sendmail

  ťϽýۿ "ls -l path-to-sendmail"ϸ sendmail
  /var/qmail/bin/sendmail ɺũǾֽ ݴϴ.

    $ ls -l /usr/lib/sendmail
      lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root           29 Feb 19 11:04 /usr/lib/sendmail \
              -> /var/qmail/bin/sendmail

  4.2.3.  qmail-inject

  sendmail APIܿ ťϿ qmail-inject ü α׷
  ֽϴ.   sendmail qmail-inject wrapperԴϴ.

  API sendmail ſ θ ̹Ƿ   մϴ.  qmail-
  inject ϴ ť API ť ġ ý̼
  ۵, sendmail 佺  𿡳 ֽϴ.

   , joe@example.com  ޼    մϴ.

    echo To: joe@example.com | /var/qmail/bin/qmail-inject

  4.3.  ȯ溯

  ťα׷ ȯ溯 ϰų ϱ⵵ մϴ.  
  ̺  ϰ  ϴ.

                ش         

   DATABYTES          qmail-smtpd    used    Overrides control/databytes
                                             Portion of address matching
   DEFAULT            qmail-command  set     "-default" in a .qmail file
                                             name.
   DTLINE             qmail-command  set     Delivered-To header field
   EXT                qmail-command  set     The address extension

   EXT2               qmail-command  set     Portion of EXT following first
                                             dash

   EXT3               qmail-command  set     Portion of EXT following second
                                             dash

   EXT4               qmail-command  set     Portion of EXT following third
                                             dash
   HOME               qmail-command  set     The user's home directory

   HOST               qmail-command  set     The domain part of the recipient
                                             address

   HOST2              qmail-command  set     Portion of HOST preceding last
                                             dot.

   HOST3              qmail-command  set     Portion of HOST preceding
                                             second-to-last dot

   HOST4              qmail-command  set     Portion of HOST preceding
                                             third-to-last dot

   LOCAL              qmail-command  set     The local part of the recipient
                                             address

   LOGNAME            qmail-inject   used    User name in From header field
                                             (4)

   MAILHOST           qmail-inject   used    Host name in From header field
                                             (2)

   MAILNAME           qmail-inject   used    Personal name in From header
                                             field (2)

   MAILUSER           qmail-inject   used    User name in From header field
                                             (2)

   NAME               qmail-inject   used    Personal name in From header
                                             field (3)

   NEWSENDER          qmail-command  set     Forwarding sender address (see
                                             "man dot-qmail")
   QMAILDEFAULTDOMAIN qmail-inject   used    Overrides control/defaultdomain
   QMAILDEFAULTHOST   qmail-inject   used    Overrides control/defaulthost

   QMAILHOST          qmail-inject   used    Host name in From header field
                                             (1)
   QMAILIDHOST        qmail-inject   used    Overrides control/idhost

   QMAILINJECT        qmail-inject   used    Specify various options (see
                                             next table)
                                             File containing list of mailing
   QMAILMFTFILE       qmail-inject   used    list addresses for
                                             Mail-Followup-To generation

   QMAILNAME          qmail-inject   used    Personal name in From header
                                             field (1)
   QMAILPLUSDOMAIN    qmail-inject   used    Overrides control/plusdomain

   QMAILSHOST         qmail-inject   used    Host name in envelope sender
                                             address

   QMAILSUSER         qmail-inject   used    User name in envelope sender
                                             address

   QMAILUSER          qmail-inject   used    User name in From header field
                                             (1)
   RECIPIENT          qmail-command  set     Envelope recipient address
                                             Ignore control/rcpthosts and
   RELAYCLIENT        qmail-smtpd    used    append value to recipient
                                             address
   RPLINE             qmail-command  set     Return-Path header field
   SENDER             qmail-command  set     Envelope sender address
   UFLINE             qmail-command  set     UUCP-style "From " line
   USER               qmail-command  set     The current user

   USER               qmail-inject   used    User name in From header field
                                             (3)
                     QMAILINJECT Flags

   Letter Purpose
   c      Use address-comment style for the From field
   s      Do not look at any incoming Return-Path field
   f      Delete any incoming From field
   i      Delete any incoming Message-ID field
   r      Use a per-recipient VERP
   m      Use a per-message VERP

  5.  

  5.1.  procmail

  procmail   Message Delivery Agent (MDA)̴. MDA ϴ 
  Ư ڳ ẹ  ޼ MTAκ ޾Ƽ 
  䱸 ϴ Դϴ.  procmail پ ʵ峻̳
  ޼  ޼ ϴ ̱⵵ մϴ.   ,
  Ư  ޼   ẹ ϵ   ֽϴ.

  procmail ťϰ Բ ϴ    ֽϴ.  ù°,
  procmail  /var/spool/mail ִ mboxẹ ϵ
  ϵ˴ϴ.  procmail ٽ ؼ $HOME ⺻ ϵ
  ϰų, ڵ鿡 ˷ procmail mobx ⺻ġ  ʵ
  մϴ.  $HOME޿  ġ , ӽϿ ؼ
  procmail  /var/spool/mail ϴ.

   ϳ  ִµ, qmail-command procmail  ڵ尡
   ϴ   ذ ϴ.  procmail ǥ н
  ڵ带 µ, 0 , ׿ܴ ̸,  
  /usr/include/sys/errno.h ǵǾ ֽϴ.  qmail-command
  0̿  ڷ  Ϸְ,  ܴ̿ ӽ÷
  մϴ.  qmail-command  ڵ带 ؼϱ ؼ ұԸ
  нũƮ wrapper   ֽϴ.  ̷ wrapper
  ťϸḵƮ ó, ּ    ֽϴ.
  <http://www.ornl.gov/its/archives/mailing-
  lists/qmail/1998/04/msg00487.html>

   procmail maildir ẹ   ʽϴ.
  procmail maildir ϴ ġ   ֽϴ.  (
  <http://www.qmail.org/top.html#maildir> ʽÿ.)  ٸ 
  Ư maildir ϴ ǥԷ ޼ ۼϴ α׷
  safecatԴϴ.  ڴ safe ޼ óϵ procmail 
  (û)   ֽϴ.  procmail ƿ  
  maildrop    ֽϴ.

   procmail ޼   mbox νմϴ.  밳
  ťα׷ ޿ ¥ ޼  "From "
  ϴ.  prelineɾ Ἥ procmail νϴ ޼
    ֽϴ.

   , daveڰ procmail  óϰ ʹٰ սô.
  ýֵ procmail ⺻ $HOME ϵ ߰,
  /usr/local/bin/qmail-procmail̶ ڵ wrapper Ѵٰ 
  , .qmail  ϴ.

  |/var/qmail/bin/preline /usr/local/bin/qmail-procmail dave

  5.2.  POP ׸ IMAP 

  ť POP qmail-pop3d , ťϼġ
  ϰų ġ ʽϴ.  ٸ POP IMAP    
   װ͵ ص , κ Sendmail
  Ƿ ťϰ Բ    մϴ.

  5.2.1.  qmail-pop3d

  qmail-pop3d ť ϴ POPԴϴ.  ſ  POPμ
   ťϻƮ մϴ.  ̰, ü 
   մϴ.

  --------e----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  : qmail-pop3d maildir ẹ ϹǷ,  ڵ POP
          αؼ MUA Ѵٸ ε maildir ؾ մϴ.  ڵ POP
          ؼ  д´ٸ  ẹ´   ʽϴ.
  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  5.2.1.1.  qmail-pop3d 

    մϴ.

  o  qmail-popup    :  ڸ ȣ ޽ϴ.

  o  checkpassword  :  ڸ ȣ մϴ.

  o  qmail-pop3d    :  POPԴϴ.

   qmail-popup POP3Ʈ 110 Ʈ  inetd tcpserver
  Դϴ.   ϸ ڸ ȣ  մϴ.  ׸
  checkpassword ҷ ڸ ȣ ϰ ´ٸ qmail-pop3d
  θϴ.
  5.2.1.2.  qmail-pop3d ġ

  1. ť  ġϰ ʽÿ.   ڰ POP
     ẹ Ϸ defaultdelivery ./Maildir/ ϼ.
     ġ׸ ִ qmailũƮ ġϼ̴ٸ,
     control/defaultdelivery   ֽϴ.  ׷ ʴٸ,
     qmail-start࿡ /var/qmail/rc Դϴ.

  2. <http://www.qmail.org/top.html#checkpassword>  checkpassword
     α׷ ʽÿ.  ̷ϰ ٹ  ʿ
     <http://pobox.com/~djb/checkpwd.html> ִ ǥ checkpassword
     ϴ.

  3. û  checkpassword ϰ ġϽʽÿ.
     /bin/checkpassword ġϼž մϴ.

  4.  ϴ POP /etc/inetd.conf  Ͻʽÿ.

       pop3   stream  tcp     nowait  root    /var/qmail/bin/qmail-popup qmail-popup \
                   hostname.domain /bin/checkpassword /var/qmail/bin/qmail-pop3d Maildir

  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  :  ý۵, ߿ ޸, POP3Ʈ "pop3" θ
          ʽϴ.  /etc/services 110 Ʈ  ̸ ȮϽʽÿ.  
          inetd  Ȯϼż  Ŀ ߽ʽÿ.   ž ϴ ,
           inetd α׷(  qmail-popup)  ù° μ 
          α׷ ̸̾ մϴ.  ٸ inetd鿡Դ "ǻ" μ 
          ˴ϴ.
  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  1. "kill -HUP PID of inetd" Ͻþ inetd /etc/inetd.conf
     ٽ е մϴ.

  2.  ϴ 񽺿 ؼ װͺ tcpserver Ͻʽÿ.

  tctpserver   ť (inetd.conf ƴϰ)
  ⵿ũƮ Ͻʽÿ.

    tcpserver -v -R 0 pop3 /var/qmail/bin/qmail-popup FQDN \
        /bin/checkpassword /var/qmail/bin/qmail-pop3d Maildir 2>&1 | \
        /var/qmail/bin/splogger pop3d &

  ⿡ pop3 /etc/services  POP3 ̸̰, FQDN
   ġϽô POP θμ,  
  pop.example.netԴϴ.

  5.2.2.  qpopper

  mbox ẹ ϴ POP ʿϸ Qualcomm qpopper
  ʽÿ.  Vince Vielhaber
  <http://www.qmail.org/qpopper2.53.patch.tar.gz> Ȩ丮
  ẹ ϴ ġ  ֽϴ.  qpopper
  <http://www.eudora.com/freeware/qpop.html>   ֽϴ.

  5.2.3.  Cyrus

  Jason van Zyl qmail/Cyrus Ͽ ϴ.
  <http://www.compusense.com/qmail-cyrus/> ʽÿ.

  LDAP Cyrus ϴ   <http://www.linc-dev.com/auth.html>
  ֽϴ.

  5.2.4.  imap-maildir

  David R. Harris Washington IMAP  maildir
  ߰ϴ ġ  ġ ȭ߽ϴ.
  <http://www.davideous.com/imap-maildir/> ʽÿ.

  5.3.  POP IMAP Ŭ̾Ʈ

  5.3.1.  fetchmail

  POP IMAP     ÿ ϴ α׷Դϴ.
  ťϿ     , ťŬ̾Ʈ 
  ϰ ϴ μ  ֽϴ.

  ťϽýۻ ڸ  .fetchmailrc  ϴ.

    poll mail.example.net proto pop3 nodns
        user dsill with password flubgart is dave here
        fetchall forcecr to * here

  ̷ ϸ fetchmail mail.example.net POP3 ؼ ϰ,
  dsill , flubgartȣ αؼ, ޼  
  dave@localhost մϴ.  forcecr ٿ carriage return
  ٿ ýýۿ ޼ SMTP ؼ մϴ.  ťϿԴ
  ̰ ʿմϴ.

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  : fetchmail Ȯ ʽϴ.  (˿ ٿ Űų SMTP
           ʴ )  ·  ϸ ޼ ϴ.
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  5.4.   RCPT   RCPT 

   ,  MTA̰,  ڰ hostx.example.com
   ޼ ٰ սô.  ̰ ϴµ  
  ֽϴ.

  1. hostx SMTP , ù° ڿ ޼纻 ,
     ι° ڿ 纻 , ° ڿ 纻 
       ݽϴ.

  2.   ؼ Ű hostx SMTP   ڿ
     ޼纻    ݽϴ.

  3. hostx SMTP    ּҸ  ޼纻 Ѱ
        ݽϴ.

  ù°  °  и ϴ.  ޼ ۴
   ׸ŭ ð ɸϴ.  ׸ ޼ ũٸ   ɸ,
  Դٰ ݿ뿪 Դϴ.

  ׷ װ ô.

  ι° °   ֽϴ.

  °  hostx   ѹ  ޼ 纻  ϳ
  ϴ.  ݿ뿪 ȿϴ   ˴ϴ.

  ι°   ؼ ޼纻  ϴ.
  ݿ뿪 "" SMTP  ° 
  պ  ,  ϴ.  Դٰ °   ϹǷ
  MTA  ϰ ۼ  ֽϴ.  ׸ ,  
  ׸ ޼纻 Ƿ MTA VERP   ֽϴ.
  (׸ ʽÿ.)

  ť  ι°  ( RCPT) մϴ.  °
  ( RCPT) ϴ ġ ϴ.  װ  ۾ Ͽ
  մϴ.

   RCPT   RCPT ޺ ݿ뿪  , 
  ̴  Ǿϴ.  ޼ κ ⲯؾ μ ο
  µٰ ׵   ٸ ȣƮ ֱ⶧, 
  RCPT ° ƹ͵ ϴ.   RCPT ȿ  ִ
  ḵƮ Ͱɼ , SMTP κ ῡ
  ļ ݿ뿪 ݸ , HTTP û   Դϴ.

    ⿬ 10ۼƮ SMTP 뿪 ,  25ۼƮ
   RCPT ؼ ٿ  SMTP 뿪 7.5%  Դϴ.

  5.5.  VERP

  ޼   , MTA Envelope Return Path (ERP)
  ٿ޼  Ѵٰ մϴ.  ٿ ޼
  ּ, ޼޻, ׸  ӽ   
  ؾ մϴ.  ׷  MTA   ʽϴ.  װ͵
  ٿ From ʵ忡 ִ ּҷ ⵵ , 
  ľ ϱ մϴ.

  ڴ ޼ κп ̷  ׷ 
  ʽϴ.  밳 ٿð  뿡 ؼ ¸  
  ֽϴ.  ḵƮ ߸ ٿ  ɰմϴ.
  ڵ ּҷ  ű մϴ.  ּҿ ޹
   ߴµ, ٿ޼  ּҸ ԵǾ ִٸ 
    ٿǴ    ϴ.

  Dan Bernstein VERP (Variable Envelope Return Path) Ҹ 
   ߽ϴ.  VERP ϸ,  ڴ ϰθ
  ϴ.  ̷ ؾ ٿ óⰡ ڸ ĺϵ  
  ֽϴ.

   , 밳  VERP ḵƮ ּҰ listname-
  owner@domain  ˴ϴ.  VERP ḵƮ ּҰ
  listname-owner-subscriber=sdomain@ldomain Ǵµ, ּ
  subscriber@sdomein "" "@"̿ ֽϴ.  (ּ
  "@" "=" ü˴ϴ.)

  ezmlmƮŴ ٿ ڵ óϱ ؼ VERP ϴ.
  ڿ ߸ ޼Ʈ ӽ޹ ˷༭ 
    ְ մϴ.

  Russell Nelson ťϿ   ٿ޴ ,
  ̻  ʽϴ.
  <http://www.qmail.org/bounceman-0.4.sha>   ֽϴ.

  5.6.  ذ

  5.6.1.  

   ۵ϰ  ּ ťϼġ  װ̸
  ˴ϴ.

  o  qmail-sned  : qmailsڷμ 

  o  qmail-clean : qmailqڷμ 

  o  qmail-rspawn: qmailrڷμ 

  o  qmail-lspawn: rootڷμ 

   н   ϳ  , ¼
   ,   ֽϴ.

    ps -ef | grep qmail
    ps waux | grep qmail

     ϴ.

  [dave@sparge dave]$ ps waux|grep qmail
  dave      2222  0.0  0.8   836   348  p4 S    10:25   0:00 grep qmail
  qmaild     351  0.0  1.0   840   400  ?  S N  12:43   0:00 /usr/local/bin/tcpserver -v -x /
  qmaild    2220  0.0  1.0   844   420  ?  S N  10:25   0:00 /usr/local/bin/tcpserver -v -x /
  qmaill     365  0.0  0.8   748   344  ?  S N  12:43   0:00 splogger qmail
  qmailq     368  0.0  0.7   736   292  ?  S N  12:43   0:00 qmail-clean
  qmailr     367  0.0  0.6   732   272  ?  S N  12:43   0:00 qmail-rspawn
  qmails     350  0.0  0.8   776   336  ?  S N  12:43   0:00 qmail-send
  root       340  0.0  0.6   724   252  ?  S N  12:43   0:00 /usr/local/sbin/supervise /var/s
  root       341  0.0  0.6   724   252  ?  S N  12:43   0:00 /usr/local/sbin/supervise /var/s
  root       366  0.0  0.7   736   276  ?  S N  12:43   0:00 qmail-lspawn ./Mailbox
  [dave@sparge dave]$

     superviseϿ qmail̳ qmail-smtpd ϸ 
  鵵   ֽϴ.  tcpserverϿ qmail-smtpd ϸ, θ
  tcpserver  Ȱ Է SMTP ӿ  ߰ tcpserver   
  ֽϴ.

  α óϱ  splogger (Ǵ cyclog) ϸ,
  qmaillڷμ ϴ splogger (Ǵ cyclog) ϴ.

  Դٰ ť ̳  ޼޷ ٻڸ Ǵ
  üŭ qmail-local Ǵ ݼŭ qmail-
  remote   ֽϴ.

  5.6.2.  α

  5.6.2.1.  splogger

  ޼ ðϱ ؼ syslog αý ؼ syslog
   ϴ.  syslog /etc/syslog.conf մϴ.
  syslog  ޼ ġ 켱 ֽϴ.
  /etc/syslog.conf  ġ 켱  ؼ
  ޼ ϴ α, ݷαȣƮ, Ǵ  ֿܼ ϴ.
  splogger ⺻ ġ αϹǷ, syslog.confϿ "mail"
  grepϸ ť α׸޼ó   ֽϴ.

  밳 ҿ ġմϴ.

  o  /var/log/syslog

  o  /var/adm/SYSLOG

  o  /var/log/maillog

  밳 syslog αױ  ϴ.

  Jun  3 11:35:23 sparge qmail: 928424123.963558 delivery 153: success: did_1+0+0/

  "Jun 3 11:35:23" is the syslog timestamp.

  "sparge" is the name of the system that sent the message.

  "qmail:" is the tag splogger places on all qmail log entries.

  "928424123.963558" is an optional TAI timestamp (see next section).

  "delivery 153: success: did_1+0+0/" is the log message itself.

  5.6.2.2.  cyclog

  daemontools  Ϻημ Ư 丮 Ͽ ޼
  αմϴ.  syslogʹ ޸  ð ʽϴ.
  daemontools accustamp ϸ ˴ϴ.

  α׵丮 cyclog࿡ ϹǷ ťϱ⵿ũƮ
  캸ø ã  ֽϴ.
  α׵丮 ϼ  ִũ cyclog ɼ
  մϴ.  αϸ   ð TAI (Temps Atomique
  International) ðԴϴ.  daemontools tailocal TAI
  ð⸦    ִ  ð ȯմϴ.

   cyclog ϱ  ϴ.

  928424123.963558 delivery 153: success: did_1+0+0/

  "928424123.963558" is the optional, but recommended, TAI timestamp.
  "delivery 153: success: did_1+0+0/" is the log message itself.

  5.6.2.3.  ϸ޼

  ýýۿ ݽý  ޼   
  ϴ.

  1 928427555.143178 new msg 94030
  2 928427555.145873 info msg 94030: bytes 189 from <dave@sparge.sill> qp 2594 uid 500
  3 928427555.210992 starting delivery 158: msg 94030 to remote lwq@w3.to
  4 928427555.213816 status: local 0/10 remote 1/20
  5 928427572.640642 delivery 158: success: 209.85.127.177_accepted_message.
    /Remote_host_said:_250_CAA01516_Message_accepted_for_delivery/
  6 928427572.643845 status: local 0/10 remote 0/20
  7 928427572.644381 end msg 94030

  1 ť  ޾ Ÿ, ť̵
  94030Դϴ.  ť̵ ޼  ť
  /var/qmail/queue/mess/NN/ ̳ȣԴϴ.  ť̵
  ޼ ť ִ  մϴ.

  2 ޼ dave@sparge.sill ԰ 189̶ ˷ݴϴ.

  3 qmail-remote ޼ lwq@w3.to Ϸ ⵿Ѵٰ
  ˷ָ, ̵ 158 ޿ οմϴ.

  4  0,  1 ̶ ˷ݴϴ.

  5 158   , ݼ  ǵµ,
   ݸֵ  ϴµ   մϴ.
  ̹쿡 "CAA01516" ݽý ޾̵ϴ.

  6  0,  0 ̶,  
  ƴٰ, ˷ݴϴ.

  7 ޼  ϰ ť ٰ ˷ݴϴ.
  ⿡ ť̵ 94030 ٸ ޿    ֽϴ.

  5.7.   

  qmail-ldap ʽÿ.

  5.7.1.  Scalable parallelism

  ڵ丮 Ϸ  NFSݿϼ Ͻʽÿ.
  ϼ maildirẹ ϴ  ȣ SMTP
  ġϽʽÿ.

  5.8.  Sendmail ťϷ ű

  , Dan Berstein Sendmail->qmail
  <http://pobox.com/~djb/qmail/sendmail.html> ñ ٶϴ.

  5.9.  ḵƮŴ (Mailing List Managers: MLM's)

  ḵƮڰ ḵƮ ϴ   ýԴϴ.  ϴ
    Դϴ.  ڵ Ʈ ϰ, ڵ鿡
  ޼ ۺϴ Դϴ.

  нḵƮŴ κ (Ǵ ΰ) ťϰ ۵ 
  ֽϴ.

  5.9.1.  ezmlm

  ť  Dan Bernstein ۼ߽ϴ.  ťϰ ϵ
  , ť  Ư¡ մϴ.   ε巯 
  ٿ޼ ϰ óϵ VERP մϴ.  MLM߿
  ezmlm ټ Ư  ߾ MLMּҷ   ó ʰ,
  Ʈ ̸ Դϴ.  ) "foo@list.example.net" Ϸ
  "foo-subscribe@list.example.net" ޼ ϴ.

   ˰ ø Ʈ̰, ſ  Ư¡ ϴ 
  Ǹ ֵ ezmlm-idx Ȩ  <http://www.ezmlm.org>
  ʽÿ.

  5.9.2.  

    ޵ н MLMԴϴ.  μ ġ ťϰ 
  ۿմϴ.  Russ Allbery ť/  FAQ µ,
  <http://www.eyrie.org/~eagle/faqs/mjqmail.html>   ֽϴ.

  5.10.  ġ

  ťϿ   ҽڵġ   ֽϴ.  ġ
  ġϷ, ٿεϰ, ťϼҽƮ  ġ ϴ.

    cd /usr/local/src/qmail/qmail-1.03
    patch -p0 < /tmp/patchfile

  ť  ϴµ, qmail-send ų, ġ׸ ִ
  ťϽũƮ ġϼ̴ٸ   մϴ.

    /usr/local/sbin/qmail stop

  ׸ ٽ ϰ ̳ʸ ġմϴ.

    make setup check

  5.10.1.  DNS

  κ DNS 512 ѵǾ.   Ʈ,
  ߿ America Online, MX  ؼ ǵ
  ߽ϴ.  ťϰ Ÿ  α׷ ſ ū ǵ
  Domain Name Server (DNS)ǿ  ֽϴ.  ťϿ ̰
  ذϴµ ΰ  ֽϴ.

  5.10.1.1.  Ŷۻ 65536 оø

  ȸ ܺ° Ƶ Էڵ峻 TCPǸ ڵ ϴ
  ֱ BIND resolver Է մϴ.    ذ,
  شý ¡ó  ޸𸮳  Ŭ  ֽϴ.
  dns.c PACKETSZ 65536 ٲٰ ť ٽ ϸ ˴ϴ.

  5.10.1.2.  Christopher K. Davis ġ (urlnam
  <http://www.ckdhr.com/ckd/qmail-103.patch>)

  ƹ Ǿ, ׸ "ۿ ̴ ռ"Է׸
  Ϸ (guard) ϴ  Է͵ ϴ
  Chuck Foster ġ  Դϴ.  ʿ ũ ϱ⺸ٴ
  (ġ   ⺻ 512 PACKETSZ Ŀ
  Ҵ) 65536  ѹ ҴϹǷ Chuck ġ
  ޸ȿ ϴ.  ҴĿ, TCPǸ, Է
  ϰ ʰ, (ťϰ Ӽ   Ǵ óݿ 
  ū ƴ, װ͵鰣  պ ϸ鼭)  մϴ.

  5.10.2.  qmail-ldap

  Andre Oppermann   ġ Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
  (LDAP) ťϿ մϴ.  LDAP ݿȭå ϴ.
  qmail-ldap ϸ POP õ ڿ Ǹ  
  ֽϴ.   <http://www.nrg4u.com/> ʽÿ.

  5.11.  QMTP (Quick Mail Transfer Protocol)

  Dan Bernstein  SMTPüԴϴ.  ش 
  <http://pobox.com/~djb/proto/qmtp.txt> ǵǾ ֽϴ.  SMTP
  ,  ϰ,  , SMTPʹ ȣȯ ʽϴ.
  ť qmail-qmtp QMTP ϴµ, qmail-smtp ſ
  ϰ մϴ.  밳 209Ʈ ̿մϴ.

  ť QMTPŬ̾Ʈ  , serialmail װ
  մϴ.  maildir2qmtp maildirẹ ִ ޼ QMTP
  ؼ  QMTP մϴ.

  SMTP  drop-in üǰ ƴϸ,  ͳݻ󿡼 
   ʾҽϴ.

  6.  η

  6.1.  

   ̷ ϰ ڵ ý ϰ  Dan Bernstein
  縦 ǥմϴ.  3Ⱓ Ŀ ť  ϰ մϴ.

  ťϸḵƮ ȸ鲲 ϰ մϴ.  Russell Nelson
   ū  γ İ ̸    ϳ Ư
    մϴ.  ťϰü     DJBԸ
  Դϴ.

    ⿩ Ͻ  е鲲 ʸ 帳ϴ.

  o  Vince Vielhaber

  o  Chris Green

  o  Christopher K. Davis

  o  Scott Schwartz

  o  Fred Lindberg

  o  Russell P. Sutherland

  o  Alex Miller

  o  Tim Hunter

  o  Frank D. Cringle

  o  Mahlon Smith

  o  Rogerio Brito

  žμ HTML,  , ƮũƮ, POD, Ÿ Ĺ
    ϴ.  װ   ϴ.   ˰ ø
  <http://www.mincom.com/mtr/sdf/> ʽÿ.

  6.2.   Ű

  6.2.1.  dot-forward

  Sendmail dot forward ϴ .forward ؼ ڰ
  Ÿ޼  ϵ մϴ.  ťϵ  ġ µ,
  .qmailԴϴ.  dot-forwardŰ ť .forward 
   ְ մϴ.  .forward ϴ, Sendmail̳ Ÿ MTA
  ϴ ý ؼ  .forward .qmail
  ϴ° ȯ ʱ ؼ, Ǵ ܼ ťϷ 
  ڵ鿡    ϱ ؼ dot-forward  ؾ 
   𸨴ϴ.

   ̹Ƿ ġϰ ϴ  ϴ.  ش ҽ
  <ftp://koobera.math.uic.edu/www/software/dot-forward-0.71.tar.gz>
    ֽϴ.
  Dan Bernstein , ״ Ȩ <http://pobox.com/~djb/dot-
  forward.html> մϴ.

  6.2.2.  fastforward

  Ǵٸ Sendmailȣȯ ֵԴϴ.  Sendmail
  ߾Ӿٸͺ̽ 밳 /etc/aliases Ͽ
  մϴ.  ť /var/qmail/alias ִ Ϸ dot-qmailϵ
  ϴµ,  Ͽ  ٸԴϴ.  ťϷ űôµ ȯϰ
    Sendmail ٸ ø, fastforward
  ťϿ ٸ ִ ״   ְ ݴϴ.

  ش ҽ
  <ftp://koobera.math.uic.edu/www/software/fastforward-0.51.tar.gz> 
    ֽϴ.

  Dan Bernstein , ״  <http://pobox.com/~djb/fastforward.html>
   մϴ.

  6.2.3.  ucspi-tcp

  ť SMTP ĵе ۵ ʽϴ.
  α׷ inetd, xinetd, Ǵ tcpserver  
  ۵մϴ.  SMTPƮ 25Ʈ   qmail-smtpd 纻
  մϴ.

  inetd ǥسݿ "ۼ"Դϴ.  /etc/inetd ؼ qmail-
  smtpd ۵  ֽϴٸ, ucspi-tcp Ϻ tcpserver
  Դϴ.  ucspi-tcp UNIX Client-Server Program Interface for
  TCP ι̰, ooks-pie tee see pee մϴ.

  tcpserver ȣϴ   ϴ.

  o  񽺷 Ӽ   ֽϴ.  inetd
     ӷġ Ƿ ʹٻ 񽺸  ϰ  
     ֽϴ.

  o  Ư ȣƮ ٰźϵ ϰų, ""ȣƮ νϰ
     ȣ οؼ qmail-smtpd ٸ ϵ   ֽϴ.

  o  ť ڰ ϴ  Դϴ.

  ش ҽ  <ftp://koobera.math.uic.edu/www/software/ucspi-
  tcp-0.84.tar.gz>  Ͻ  ֽϴ.

  Dan Bernstein ,  <http://pobox.com/~djb/ucspi-tcp.html>
   մϴ.

  6.2.4.  daemontools

  񽺸 ϰ ϴ ƿƼ  ֽϴ.  ʼ
  ƴմϴٸ, Ư ٻ۽ýۿԴ  մϴ.  ϴ
  ƿƼ  ϴ.

  o  supervise: 񽺸 ϰ,  ٽ մϴ.

  o  svc: supervise ؼ 񽺸 ߰, , ٽýϰ
     մϴ.

  o  cyclog: 񽺿  α׸ ϰ,  ũϷ  
     ְ ڵ ŵϴ.

  o  accustamp: αױ Ȯϰ ðմϴ.

  o  usually, errorsto: ̻ ޼  α׸ ֽմϴ.

  o  setuser: Ϲݻ UID GID  α׷ ϴ.

  شҽ  <http://cr.yp.to/daemontools/daemontools-0.61.tar.gz>
  ϽǼ ֽϴ.

  Dan Bernstein ,  <http://cr.yp.to/daemontools.html> 
  մϴ.

  6.2.5.  qmailanalog

  ť α óϰ ش ý 󸶳 ׸  
  ϰ ִ  ˸ Ϸ  ϴ.  󸶳  ޼
  ְ ޾Ҵ , 󸶳 ū , 󸶳  óǴ    谡
  ʿϸ, qmailanalog ٷ װԴϴ.

  ʽ matchupα׷ ť  ޴ α ϳ
  µ, ̹ ͼ Sendmailα׿ ٸ ʽϴ.

  شҽ
  <http://pobox.com/~djb/software/qmailanalog-0.70.tar.gz> Ͻ 
  ֽϴ.

  Dan Bernstein ,  <http://pobox.com/~djb/qmailanalog.html>
   մϴ.

  6.2.6.  rblsmtpd

  Դغ ̴ٸ  Ҵٰ Ͻʽÿ.  ̸ϻڵ
  κ ̶ ˷ ġʴ  ̸ (Unsolicited Bulk E-
  mail: UBE) ͼմϴ.  װ͵ κ Ʈ,  , Ÿ
  ſ   Դϴ.  1988   
  ͳݻ MTA κ ߰,  ۽ڵ ڵ  
  ƴ϶    ޴  ޾Ƶ鿴ϴ.  иӴ
   ϱ ؼ ̵ ã⸸ ϸ ߰踦 ̿մϴ.
  ׷ Ǹ  , ݹ "" ߰Ʈ 
  Ǹ, ׵ CPUð ݿ뿪  Ƴ ˴ϴ.

   ̷ ߰  ҷ νĵǰ,  ݽڰܱ׷
  ߰ Ÿ  ó Ȯϴ ġ  ׵κ
  SMTPӽ¶   ֽϴ.  Realtime Blackhole List (RBL), Open
  Relay Behavior-modification System (ORBS), Dial-up User List (DUL)
   װԴϴ.

  o  <http://maps.vix.com/rbl/>

  o  <http://www.orbs.org>

  o  <http://maps.vix.com/dul/>

  rblsmtpd RBL SMTP Դϴ.  tcpserver qmail-smtpd ̿
  鼭  Ʈ󿡼 Ȯε ýκ  źմϴ.

  üҽ  <http://pobox.com/~djb/software/rblsmtpd-0.70.tar.gz>
    ֽϴ.

  Dan Bernstein ,  <http://pobox.com/~djb/rblsmtpd.html>
   մϴ.

  6.2.7.  serialmail

  ť ð,  ý  Ǿϴ.
  serialmail ť ̰ ӵ ӿ   ° ϴ
  Դϴ.  ׷ ýۻ serialmail ť  ݸ 
  maildir ϵ ˴ϴ.  serialmail maildir2smtp
   Ǿ  ISP  maildir ø  ˴ϴ.  ISP
  QMTP ( QMTP ʽÿ.) ϸ, maildir2qmtp  
  ֽϴ.

  serialmail  ISP AutoTURN ϴµ   ִµ,
  Ŭ̾Ʈ ϴ SMTP   Ŭ̾Ʈ  
  ť ޼ Ŭ̾Ʈ  մϴ.  ̰ ETRN SMTPɰ
  մϴ.

  شҽ
  <http://pobox.com/~djb/software/serialmail-0.75.tar.gz> Ͻ 
  ֽϴ.

  Dan Bernstein ,  <http://pobox.com/~djb/serialmail.html>
   մϴ.

  6.2.8.  mess822

  RFC 822  ޼ ؼϴ ǰ ԷԴϴ.
  ǰ  ϴ.

  o  ofmipd: Ŭ̾Ʈκ ޼ ޾Ƽ Fromʵ带 ͺ̽
     ؼ ۼϴ 

  o  new-inject: Ͽ ȣƮ ۼϴ  ϴ
     qmail-injectǰ

  o  iftocc: ޼ Ưּҷ   ˻ϴ .qmail ƿƼ

  o  822header, 822field, 822date, 822received: ޼  

  o  822print: ޼ ڰ Ʈ

  ش ҽ  <http://pobox.com/~djb/software/mess822-0.58.tar.gz>
  Ͻ  ֽϴ.

  Dan Bernstein   <http://pobox.com/~djb/mess822.html>
   մϴ.
  6.2.9.  ezmlm

   ϰ ϱ  ťϿ ḵƮŴԴϴ.
  LISTSERV Majordomo ͼϽôٸ ḵƮŴ  ϴ 
  ƽǰ̴ϴ.  ťϿ ḵƮ   ˰ ø
   ḵƮŴ׸ ʽÿ.

  شҽ  <http://pobox.com/~djb/software/ezmlm-0.53.tar.gz>
  Ͻ  ֽϴ.

  Dan Bernstein ,  <http://pobox.com/~djb/ezmlm.html>
   ֽϴ.

  6.2.10.  safecat

   maildirẹ Ȯ ϴ.  Ư procmail 
  ޼ ϴ  մϴ.   ,  ޼ 
  Maildir մϴ.

  :0w
  |safecat Maildir/tmp Maildir/new

  Len Budney ,
  <http://www.pobox.com/~lbudney/linux/software/safecat.html> 
   ϰ ֽϴ.

  6.2.11.  maildrop

  procmail  Դϴ.  (ġ ) procmail 
   Ư¡ ϳ maildirẹ Ѵٴ Դϴ.

  Sam Varshavchik ,  <http://www.flounder.net/~mrsam/maildrop>
   մϴ.

  6.3.  ͳݸ ۹

  6.3.1.  ޼ A B  

  ȣƮ ڰ ٸ ȣƮ ڿ ޼ ,
  ڿ ˾ ϴ   Ͼ.

    alice@alpha.example.com Alice bob@beta.examle.com
  Bob ޼ ٰ սô.     ϴ.

  Alice mutt̳ pine  ڱ Mail User Agent (MUA) ޼
  ۼմϴ.  To ʵ忡 , Subjectʵ忡 ޼ , ׸
  ޼ ϴ.    ̴ϴ.

      To: bob@beta
      Subject: lunch

      How about pizza?

  1. ޼   MUA  մϴ.

  2. ⼭, MUA Date Message-Id   ߰ʵ带 ̰,
     ( bob@beta "Bob <bob@beta.example.com>" ٲ㼭)
     Alice   Ĩϴ.  , MUA ýۿ ޼
     մϴ.  ⿡ ΰ  ֽϴ.  ޼ ϱ
      ýۿ ϴ α׷ ϰų, ýý Ǵ
     ݸἭ Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)Ʈ 
     ϴ.   , 츮 MUA ûα׷ ؼ
     ޼ MTA ٰ ϰڽϴ.  ԰ ڼ 
     MTA ٸ, нýۿ sendmail ǥԴϴ.
     ̹ MUA   ٷ иؼ Ͽ ְ,
     sendmailα׷   ϴ.

  3. ޼  ùٸ sendmail  ȣǾ 
     ,  ޼  MTA åԴϴ.  λ MTA
     ũ ٸ, 밳 alpha MTA  ؼ ޼ 
      ؼ, beta SMTP , betaý MTA
     ޼ մϴ.  SMTPȭ ޼  κ 
      Ǵµ,  ϳ μ  ּ
     (bob@beta.example.com) ȸּ (alice@alpha.example.com)
     ϰ, ٸ ϳ ޼  üμ   ̷ϴ.

  4. beta ýۿ bob̶ ڰ  beta MTA ޼
     źϸ, alpha MTA ȸּ alice@alpha ٿ޼
       ˸ϴ.

  5. beta MTA ޼ ϸ,  ּҸ  װ ̳
     ݽýۿ ִ մϴ.    ̹Ƿ MTA
     ޼  ϰų, /bin/mail̳ procmail   Mail
     Delivery Agent (MDA) ǳݴϴ.

  6. Bob Ÿ ʰ߱   ȵǸ, beta MTA 
     ȸּ alice@alpha ٿ޼ ϴ.

  7.  ߵǾ, Bob MUA  ޼ о  
      ẹ մϴ.

  6.3.2.  

  ͳݸ  ۵ϴ     ϳ̻
  ʽÿ.

  o  <http://pobox.com/~djb/im.html>: ť ڿ  ͳݸ

  o  <http://pobox.com/~djb/smtp.html>: ť ڿ  SMTP

  o  <http://pobox.com/~djb/immhf.html>: ť ڿ 
     ͳݸ޼ 

  6.3.2.1.  ͳ RFC

  ͳ Requests for Comment (RFC's) ͳ ĹԴϴ.
  ̰͵ κ ܰ踦 ξ Ѿ TCP, FTP, Telnet 
  ͳݰ  پ ǥذ  մϴ.

  o  RFC 821, Simple Mail Transfer Protocol.
     <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0821.txt>

  o  RFC 822, Standard for the Format of ARPA Internet Text Messages.
     <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0822.txt>

  o  RFC 931, Authentication Server.
     <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0931.txt>

  o  RFC 974, Mail Routing and the Domain System.
     <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0974.txt>

  o  RFC 1123, Requirements for Internet Hosts -- Application and
     Support.  <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1123.txt>

  o  RFC 1413, Identification Protocol.
     <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1413.txt>

  o  RFC 1423, Privacy Enhancement for Internet Electronic Mail: Part
     III: Algorithms, Modes, and Identifiers.
     <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1423.txt>

  o  RFC 1651, SMTP Service Extensions.
     <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1651.txt>

  o  RFC 1652, SMTP Service Extension for 8bit-MIMEtransport.
     <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1652.txt>

  o  RFC 1806, Content disposition. header.
     <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1806.txt>

  o  RFC 1854, SMTP Service Extension for Command Pipelining.
     <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1854.txt>

  o  RFC 1891, SMTP Service Extension for Delivery Status Notifications.
     <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1891.txt>

  o  RFC 1892, The Multipart/Report Content Type for the Reporting of
     Mail System Administrative Messages.
     <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1892.txt>

  o  RFC 1893, Enhanced mail system status codes.
     <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1893.txt>

  o  RFC 1894, An Extensible Message Format for Delivery Status
     Notifications.  <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1894.txt>

  o  RFC 1939, Post Office Protocol - Version 3.
     <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1939.txt>

  o  RFC 1985, SMTP Service Extension for Remote Message Queue Starting
     (ETRN).  <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1985.txt>

  o  RFC 1991, PGP Message Exchange Formats.
     <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1991.txt>

  o  RFC 2015, MIME Security with Pretty Good Privacy. (PGP).
     <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2015.txt>

  o  RFC 2045, MIME Internet message bodies.
     <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2045.txt>

  o  RFC 2046, MIME Media Types.  <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2046.txt>

  o  RFC 2047, MIME Headers.  <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2047.txt>

  o  RFC 2048, MIME Registration Procedures.
     <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2048.txt>

  o  RFC 2049, MIME Conformance Criteria.
     <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2049.txt>

  o  RFC 2142, Mailbox names for common services.
     <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2142.txt>

  o  RFC 2183, Content Disposition header.
     <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2183.txt>

  6.4.  

  6.4.1.  ý۱

  ͳ MTA پ  մϴ.  Sendmail smail  ʱ 
  ϱüԴϴ.  ٸ , ϳ Ŀٶ μ 'ڸ
  ٲ㾲' ε, SMTP Ƿ  ڸ , SMTPŬ̾Ʈ
  Ƿ ٸ ڸ ,  ޼ ÷ Ϸ ٸ ڸ
  , ť Ϸ ٸ ڸ ϴ.

  ť Դϴ.    ɵ  α׷
  մϴ.  , α׷ ξ ۰, ϸ, ̳
     ϴ.    ȭϱ ؼ, ťϸ
   Ư ϰ,  "" ʱ , ٸ  
  ϴ ϸ  ʽϴ.

  ٽɸԴϴ.

                            
  qmail-smtpd                   SMTP  ޼  
  qmail-inject                  ޼ û
  qmail-rspawn/qmail-remote     ó
  qmail-lspawn/qmail-local      ó
  qmail-send                    ťó
  qmail-clean                   ťû

  Ŀ  ֽϴ.  ϱü MTA ޸, Ⱓ
  ȣۿ ǵǾ־  ּ ʿ 
  ȯմϴ.  ̴ 밳  Sendmail ۱
  ǥ ϴ.   sendmail̳ʸ , ť,
  ̾ó, .forwardó, SMTP  ݼۺ 
  ϱ⶧, ޼ Ҷ ü   
  ֽϴ.  ťϿ  ɷ , ⿡  ""÷
  ǳִ  Ϸ û ڵ带 ľ ϰ,  ϴ.

  6.4.2.  ϱ

  /var/qmail ťϱ ٺԴϴ.  ť Ҷ ٲ
   , ٸ ֵ ΰ 𿡼 ãƾ   ˰
  ״ ξ ϴ.  ťƮ Ϻ Ǵ θ ٸ 
   , ɺũ ̿ϴ  ϴ.  ڼ 
  ġ׸ 丮׸ ñ ٶϴ.

  鷹 丮Դϴ.

  丮     
  alias        ý ٸ  .qmail
  bin          α׷̳ʸ ũƮ
  boot         ⵿ũƮ
  control      
  doc           ()
  man          
  queue        ޼ ť
  users        ťϻ ͺ̽ 

  6.4.3.  ť

  ϵ丮 INTERNALSϿ ť ڼ   
  سҽϴ.   ť   Դϴ.

  丮   
  bounce       ޿
  info*        ۽ּҸ ϱ
  intd         qmail-queue 
  local*       úּ
  lock         lock 
  mess*        ޼
  pid          qmail-queue i-nodeȣ   
  remote*      ݺ۽ּ
  todo         

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  : 丮 "*"ǥð  (conf-split-1) "0", "1", ...,  
          Ҽ丮  ִµ, conf-split ϵ丮 conf-splitϿ
          Ե ϽüԴϴ. ⺻ 23Դϴ.  ̷ 丮 ɰ  ſ
          ٻۼ ϵ丮 ϼ ̱ ؼԴϴ.
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  ̳ȣ  丮 ϵ ̸ϴ.  ̰
  ϴ ٴ, ǥ н ƿƼ mv, dump/restore, tar  Ἥ
   װ͵  մϴ.  ť Ȯϰ ̸ٲٴ
  ڰ ƿƼ <http://www.qmail.org> ξ ֽϴ.

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  : ť ߿ ť  ʾƾ ϴ.  ť Ϸ,
           ť ߰, ť Ͽ ٷ, ٽ ť Ͻʽÿ.
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  6.4.4.  

  /var/qmail/doc PIC ̸ ϴ ϵ  ֽϴ.  ̵
  ť ϴ پ  ""Դϴ.  پ  
  帧 ָ,    ϴ  ū 
  ˴ϴ.

  ̸                 
  PIC.local2alias     þٸ  ûԸ޼
  PIC.local2ext       Ȯּҷ  ûԸ޼
  PIC.local2local     ûڿ  ûԸ޼
  PIC.local2rem       ּҷ  ûԸ޼
  PIC.local2virt      ù߾󵵸λ ּҷ  ûԸ޼
  PIC.nullclient      Ŭ̾Ʈ  ޼
  PIC.relaybad        ȣƮ ߰ ϴ õ 
  PIC.relaygood       ȣƮ ߰ ϴ õ 
  PIC.rem2local       SMTP   ûڿ ޼

   ϵ  ¶   ֽϴ.

  o  <http://www.qmail.org/man/index.html>

  ť ¥ ϽŴٸ, Andre Opperman "ťϻ"
  <http://www.nrg4u.com/> ʽÿ.

  6.5.  ¼ ѹ  

  ̰͵    ߿ϰ ϱ⵵  
  Դϴ.

  6.5.1.  ť ޼    ϱ?

  ޼ õðǥ ֽϴ.  ޼ ޺Ҵ 
  , ť װ    մϴ.  õðǥ
    ϴ.   ̺ ݼڿ  ޺Ҵ
  ޼ ٿɶ õðǥ ݴϴ.  ø޼
  ,   ðǥ մϴ.

       ޽õ            -::
           1               0  0-00:00:00
           2             400  0-00:06:40
           3            1600  0-00:26:40
           4            3600  0-01:00:00
           5            6400  0-01:46:40
           6           10000  0-02:46:40
           7           14400  0-04:00:00
           8           19600  0-05:26:40
           9           25600  0-07:06:40
           10          32400  0-09:00:00
           11          40000  0-11:06:40
           12          48400  0-13:26:40
           13          57600  0-16:00:00
           14          67600  0-18:46:40
           15          78400  0-21:46:40
           16          90000  1-01:00:00
           17         102400  1-04:26:40
           18         115600  1-08:06:40
           19         129600  1-12:00:00
           20         144400  1-16:06:40
           21         160000  1-20:26:40
           22         176400  2-01:00:00
           23         193600  2-05:46:40
           24         211600  2-10:46:40
           25         230400  2-16:00:00
           26         250000  2-21:26:40
           27         270400  3-03:06:40
           28         291600  3-09:00:00
           29         313600  3-15:06:40
           30         336400  3-21:26:40
           31         360000  4-04:00:00
           32         384400  4-10:46:40
           33         409600  4-17:46:40
           34         435600  5-01:00:00
           35         462400  5-08:26:40
           36         490000  5-16:06:40
           37         518400  6-00:00:00
           38         547600  6-08:06:40
           39         577600  6-16:26:40
           40         608400  7-01:00:00

  6.5.2.   MX  Ʈ   ϴµ ֱ׷?

   ޼ ޴´ٸ,

  deferral: CNAME_lookup_failed_temporarily._(#4.4.3)/

   ť Ӽ ó ؼԴϴ.  ġ
  ġؼ Ĩϴ.   ġ ñ ٶϴ.

   ̷ýۿ µ  µ ֱ׷İ  
  ֽϴ.  , Ÿְ̹ óӼ  Ǽ ǰϿ,
  "aol.com"   ֽϴ.

  A MXڵ尡 ðʰϸ "׷" , NSڵ ׷
  ʽϴ.  .COM 2Ʋ  (TTL) س, AOL
  ڵ忡 1ð  سǷ, ٻ Ӽ ̷
    Ͼϴ.  ٻ Ӽ Ưð  ڵ
  ĳ  ֱ  ġ  ť CNAME Ϸ
  õ ϰ մϴ.

    nosuchuser@large-mx.ckdhr.com   ̴ϴ.
     ť ûϰ, ckdhr.com ٿϴ 
  ,  MTA 512 ѱ MX Ʈ  ȣƮ 
    ֽϴ.  ( ̸ 512 ѱ  RRset
  ؼ, ̹ ٸ  Ÿְ̹   ʰ  
  ֽϴ.)

  6.5.3.  QUEUE_EXTRA?

  Ͻüμ ޿ ߰ϴ ߰ ϴ.  
  αϷ մϴ.   , FAQ QUEUE_EXTRA Ἥ 峪
  ޼  ϴ  մϴ.

  QUEUE_EXTRA Ϸ, extra.h ؼ "T\0"
   ߰ϰ, QUEUE_EXTRALEN QUEUE_EXTRA ̸ ϴ.
  ("\0" ѹڷ ˴ϴ.)     ϴ.

    #define QUEUE_EXTRA "Tlog\0"
    #define QUEUE_EXTRALEN 5

  ť ̸ ŵϴ.  ġ׸ ťϽũƮ
  ġϼ,   Ͻʽÿ.

    /usr/local/sbin/qmail stop

  ťϽũƮ ø, ⵿/ ũƮ Ͻõ,
  TERMȣ qmail-send ʽÿ.

  ״   ؼ ť Ͻʽÿ.

    make setup check

  Ͻô   alias/.qmail-log äʽÿ.   , Message-ID
  Ϸ   մϴ.

    | awk '/^$/ { exit } /^[mM][eE][sS][sS][aA][gG][eE]-/ { print }'

  , ť 簡մϴ.

  6.6.  ޼

  ťϿ޼  ǹӴϴ.

  ȣ ڵ忡   RFC 1893 ʽÿ.

   η  ʽϴ.

      qmail-local

     o  "Unable to fork: reason. (#4.3.0)"

     o  "Unable to read message: reason. (#4.3.0)"

     o  "Unable to open filename: reason. (#4.3.0)"

     o  "Temporary error on maildir delivery. (#4.3.0)"

     o  "Unable to open filename: reason. (#4.2.1)"

     o  "Unable to write filename: reason. (#4.3.0)"

     o  "Unable to run /bin/sh: reason. (#4.3.0)"

     o  "Unable to stat home directory: reason. (#4.3.0)"

     o  "Unable to switch to directory: reason. (#4.3.0)"

      qmail-smtpd

     o  "555 syntax error (#5.5.4)"

      qmail.c

     o  "Zqq write error or disk full (#4.3.0)"

     o  "Zqq read error (#4.3.0)"

      spawn.c

     o  "Internal error: delnum negative. (#4.3.5)"

     o  "Internal error: delnum too big. (#4.3.5)"

     o  "Internal error: delnum in use. (#4.3.5)"

     o  "Internal error: messid has nonnumerics. (#5.3.5)"

     o  "Internal error: messid too long. (#5.3.5)"

     o  "Internal error: messid too short. (#5.3.5)"

  6.7.  ǿ Ǽ

  ťϽڴ     ϴ.

  6.7.1.  ť    ʽϴ.

  qmail-local Ưǻڷμ  ϴ ɼ ؼ,
  ť UID 0  ڸ մϴ.  ̰ qmail-getpw
   Ǿ ֽϴ.

  ׷ٰ ť root@example.com  ʴ´ٴ  ƴϰ,
  ٸ  Ưǻڿ  óǾ Ѵٴ Դϴ.  ,
   /alias/.qmail-root ä root  ٸ ϴ.

  6.7.2.  ť Ȩ丮  ڿ   ʽϴ.

  ϳ Ư¡̰,  Դϴ.  qmail-getpw Ǿ
  ֽϴ.

  6.7.3.  ť ̸ 빮ڸ  ڿ  
  ʽϴ.

  ť ּҿ "@" ʿ ִ   "úκ" ҹڷ
  ȯմϴ.   Ǿ  , ڵ ׷ մϴ.
  빮ڸ  ڸ Ѵٴ  qmail-getpw ϵǾ
  ֽϴ.

  6.7.4.  ť Ȩ丮 ׷̳ Ÿڿ ⸦ ϴ
  ڿ   ʽϴ.

  ϳ Ư¡Դϴ.  qmail-local Ǿ ֽϴ.
  Ͻ conf-patrn  Ǳ ؼ   ֽϴ.

  6.7.5.  ť Ȯּ (.) ݷ(:) ٲߴϴ.

  ϳ Ư¡Դϴ.  ȮּҰ Ʈ ".." ϴ°
    Դϴ.  ݷ ٲٱ , ť 
  .qmail ΰ Ȩ丮 ְ մϴ.  qmail-local
  ߽ϴ.

  6.7.6.  ť Ȯּ 빮ڸ ҹڷ ٲߴϴ.

  ť ּ úκ  ҹڷ ٴ ϳ Դϴ.
  qmail-local ߽ϴ.

  6.7.7.  ť /etc/hosts  ʽϴ.

  ť ȣƮ ִ IPּҸ ϱ ؼ /etc/hosts
   ʽϴ.  controlϿ ִ ̸ ϸ, ť
  Ӽ   ־ մϴ.

  ׷ Ӽ    ýۿ ť  
  ֽϴ.  controlϿ ִ ȣƮ IPּҷ   ִµ,
  ȣ ([]) ѷξ մϴ.     ϴ.

    [10.1.2.219]

  ,   ʿ , ؾ  Դϴ.

  6.7.8.  ť SMTPȰ  ʽϴ.

    ؼ, ť SMTP, , ȿ, Ǵ ȿ
    ʽϴ.  tcpserver    ְ, recordio
  SMTPȭ θ   ֽϴ.  recordio ucspi-tcp
  ϺԴϴ.  
  <http://pobox.com/~djb/qmail/faq/servers.html#recordio> FAQ
  Ǿ ֽϴ.

  6.7.9.  ť   ʽϴ.

  Sendmail ð,  4ð, ޼   ,
  ۼڿ  ϴ.    ٿ޼
  Դϴٸ,   ߴٴ  Ű ʽϴ.

  ť ̷   ʽϴ.  ޺Ҵɸ޼ ť
  ťð  ߸ ۼڿ ϴ.

  6.7.10.  ť /var/qmail/queue/lock/trigger Ʋٱ̰ų
  ̸ ʾϴ.

  qmail-queue qmail-send /var/qmail/queue/lock/trigger
   ؼ ǻմϴ.     Ǹ, qmail-send
  ݽð ޼ 뺸 ʽϴ.

  ùٸ ġǾٴ  Ȯϴ    ҽ丮
  "make check" ϴ Դϴ.  װ  ʴٸ,  
   ȮϽʽÿ.

  # ls -l /var/qmail/queue/lock/trigger
  prw--w--w-   1 qmails   qmail           0 Jul  5 21:25 /var/qmail/queue/lock/trigger

   տ ( ˸) "p",  (Ư ü㰡), ڿ
  ׷    ñ ٶϴ.

  6.8.  lwq  FAQ

  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  ߰:  ּҿ ֱ  Ͻ  ֽϴ. (05 Apr 2000)
            http://www.faqts.com/knowledge-base/index.phtml/fid/139/lang/en
  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  6.8.1.  lwq ڴ?

  lwq Copyright 1999 David E. SillԴϴ.

  6.8.2.  lwq ̼?

  lwq OpenContent License version 1.0 Ե˴ϴ.   ̼
  ؼ <http://www.opencontent.org/opl.shtml> ʽÿ.  ,
   Ѵٸ ǵ OpenContent License Եȴٴ Ͽ
  lwq , ,   ֽϴ.

  6.8.3.  lwq    ִٴ     ֽϱ?

  lwq-announce-subscribe@sws1.ctd.ornl.gov ޼  lwq-
  announceḵƮ Ͻʽÿ.

  6.8.4.  lwqڿ   ̾߱  ֽϱ?

  lwq-subscribe@sws1.ctd.ornl.gov ޼  lwq ḵƮ
  Ͻʽÿ.

  6.8.5.  lwq ٸ  Ǿϱ?

  lwq ϴµ ø,  ˷ּż  ߺ ,
  ȭ  ְ ֽʽÿ.    SDFҽ Ͻô в
  ,  SDFε   ְ   ֽϴ.  (̰  ߿
    ñ ٶϴ.)

  , lwq Ͻô е lwqḵƮ ϼż ( 
  ʽÿ.)     ϰ    ֵ
  Ͻñ մϴ.

  6.8.6.  lwq HTML̿ܿ ƮũƮ, PDF, ѱ, Ǵ
  ٸ·ε   ֽϱ?

  ׷ϴ.  ٸ ´
  <http://Web.InfoAve.net/~dsill/qmail.html> ã  ֽϴ.

  6.8.7.  lwq ߴ, ýı, ϵũ,  ߽ϴ.

  ˼մϴ.   ̾մϴ.  ׷ lwq  
  ϴ.   帰 OpenContent License ñ ٶϴ.
   ̰ ٰ ؼ    ʾҰ, ٸ ťϰü
     ϰ ; Դϴ.

  , ̰ FAQ ƴմϴ.  ¥δ, ̰ NAQ (Never Asked
  Question)̱ ٶϴ.

   [ϳ ʽÿ!]

