
                      XFree86 Video Timings HOWTO İ
                                       
: Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>
: Ѹ <pxun@163.net>

   4.4,2000313շ: 200041
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   Ϊضʾ/ʾϱдXFree86µģʽ.XFree86
   аڰ˺ܺõĹ,ôı׼;ĵҪ;Ϊ
   ʾǳӲֹģʽ.Ҳ԰ʹkvideogen
   ģʽ,xvidtune޸Ĳ̫ʺʾĳֱ׼ģʽ.
     _________________________________________________________________
   
1. 

2. 

3. Զ㹤

4. ʾ

5. ˽ʾʾĻ

     * 5.1 ʾͬƵ
     * 5.2 ʾƵ
     * 5.3 ʾĵʱ
     * 5.4 Щͳݿʲ
       
6. ԻĽ

     * 6.1 Ƶ
     * 6.2 ͬƵʺˢ:
       
7. ϵͳʱȨ

8. 洢

9. ֡ĴС

10. ͬ

     * 10.1 ͬ:
     * 10.2 ͬ:
       
11. 

12. ʾ

13. ʹøģʽ

14. 

15. ͼ

     * 15.1 ͼλ
     * 15.2 ͼϻλ
     * 15.3 ͼˮƽʹֱ̫
     * 15.4 ͼˮƽ̫(̫խ)
     * 15.5 ͼڴֱ̫(̫ǳ)
       
16. ʾ

17. л
     _________________________________________________________________
   
1. 

   ʹĲ,ге.ʾ̼淶ʱ,ܻ
   ͬʱ˺ʾԼ.Ķ [1]ʾȡϸľϢ.
   춹ʾɶʾ˺.
   
   ĵ°汾 [2]Linuxļƻҳҵ.
   
   ֱӰ,͸Ľ鷢 [3]esr@snark.thyrsus.com.벻ҪѰ
   ʾĵʼ,ֻľҵʱ䲢ʧ --- 
   ֪ȫѾ.
   
   ע:κηǷ֮,֪ͨ [4]pxun@163.net.߶
   ԭɵκʧһŲκ.
   
2. 

   XFree86ûʾϵͳ,ӶŻʹеӲ.
   ͼѧԼʱֵŻʹʾʾ.
   
   ǽһʹϵͳתķ,Ȼչʾɻÿʼ,
   ֱζ.
   
   ѾһֻԹģʽ(رĳԤVESAģʽ
   ʾ,һģʽͼһλ,ͼ̫С̫)ֱ
   һ [5]ͼ.޸ʱֵԴﵽЧ.
   
   װһνXʱʾ,ҪٶҪеģʽýе
   ;Ҳ󲿷ģʽгʼȷ,ֻĬֵǲʺӲһ
   .Ӧð'CTRL'-'ALT'-'С+'Ѿװģʽѭл.
   һЩģʽ,Գ640x480һע͵ģʽ,
   ģʽǷ.,ȥģʽעͷ,ʾܴ
   Ƶеĳһ800x600ģʽĳһ1024x768ģʽ.
   
   İֽ.ڸոշеXFree86 4.0ģ֧
   DDC,VESADisplay Data Channel(ʾͨ).DDC,ʾ
   XFree86֧ʲģʽ.ʹ4.0κʾĻ
   ȫؽκ.
   
3. Զ㹤

   һּ̨֧弴ù淶ıȽµʾ(1996),лʹ
   read-edidȡʾͳݱΪģʽ.
   [6]http://altern.org/vii/programs/linux/read-edid/.
   
   XFree86 3.2ʼ,XFree86ṩһXF86Setup(1),ܼܺ򵥵ؽʽ
   һֿԹʾģʽ,òֱӶԸ鷳ʾʱֵ.ڴ
   㲻Ҫһֻʾģʽ.ҵ,XF86Setup(1)һЩ;
   ֻʶ1280x1024ı׼ʾģʽ.һ̨ܷǳߵʾ,
   ֧1600x1200߷ֱ,мʾģʽ.
   
   һKDEĹ߽ [7]KVideoGen,ܴʾʾĻͳݱм
   ģʽ.ģʽ,ûʵʳ.עHorizontal
   Refresh Rate(ˮƽˢ)Vertical Refresh Rate(ֱˢ)
   Ƶ(HSF)ͳƵ(VSF)ͬ.Horizontal Sync Pulse(ͬ
   )ֵָԺһͬĿ,ù߼ٶHGT1½
   HGT2̶ֵ.㲻ֵ֪ͬ,ʹȱʡֵȽϰȫ.
   
   汾XFree86ṩһ߽xvidtune(1).ܷܿڲԺ͵
   ʾģʽʱ൱.ʼһηĹ춲ȷʹÿܵ½
   ľ.ϸоĲѧxvidtuneԻƯֱĶ
   ,㽫Чسĵʹxvidtune.
   
   xvidtune(1),ܿٵزµģʽ,޸Xļ,
   X.,XFree86XconfigĲͬģʽ֮ȼл(
   XFree.manϸ).ʹԽʡĴ!Ҫһ
   ģʽʱ,һΨһģʽǲӵȼл嵥ĩβ.һ
   ֪ģʽΪĬֵ,Եģʽʱ˻ȥ.
   
   ڽӽĽβĵط,ǰһ'modeplot'ű(script),
   ֿѡģʽģͼ.ֱӰģʽ,԰õ
   ⶨĲ֮Ĺϵ.
   
4. ʾ

   ˽ʾXconfigļͬӦʲֵǲȱ
   .ЩֵXFree86춶ʾײ.
   
   ʾÿΪһĹդһͼ.Щγ
   .Щдϵγͼ.ʾڲԭɫһӴЩ
   ,ͷ˹.Ϊʹȵʱÿ,һֺ㶨
   ͼĻϴɨ,Ϊդ.
   
   ˵"ΪһĹդ"ΪЩդ㲢ʵʶӦӫ.
   ӫȹդС --- Ǳ,ʾصˮͼЧ
   .դʵģźŵĲ,ʾΪդеĵֻΪźе
   ֵ͹ֵǹϸؼ.
   
   ɨͼʼĻϽ,Ļֱ,ƶʱһֱ΢""(
   ¶̫Сɾ).ȻĻ,ʼµһ.µһ
   һһɨ.ͼϵظֱʾһɨ.Ȼ
   ʾ½(ɨɴ)ƵϽ,ͼٴοʼ.
   
   ģʽһֽиɨ:ڵһ֡ÿеһбɨ,
   ڵڶ֡űɨ.
   
   ʾϽǿʼɨһ֡Ŀʼ.ʾ½ٴε
   Ͻʱһ֡ͽ.һ֡ɵʾϴϵɨе
   йɵ.
   
   ɨ֡ʱǷ,ʾеĵ㶼ᱻ.Ļı
   ԵͲкڱ.ĻıԵͼͻ,Ϊѿ.Ϊ˼
   ,ĻԵĵ㲻ᱻ(Ϊر),Ҽʹе
   ָԲ.,ʾĿͼ.
   
   һҪҪ,ûе㱻ɨʱ.
   ʾұԵʱ춰ѵұԵƻԵ.
   ʾ±Եʱ춰ѵʾ½ƻϽ.
   
   ʾź,ʹʾ(õɫ)ÿϲͼ
   .ͨһͬź,ʾҲƺʱʾѵұ
   ƻ.ÿһнʱһͬ.ÿнʱһͬ
   .ʾһ֪ͬͨʾѵƵĻϽ.ڽӽÿ
   һ֡ʱһͬ.
   
   ͬͳ֮ͬǰ֮,ʾҪһζ̵ʱõλ
   ȶ.ȶ,ͼҲȶ.
   
   Ҫ˽Ϣ, [8]ʾƫתϵͳ.
   
   һ,ǽö,ʽͷЩԭ԰ʹ
   .
   
5. ˽ʾʾĻ

   ޸һXconfigĿǰ,һЩҪ˽.:
   
     * ʾƵͳƵѡ
     * ʾƵ
     * ʾʱƵ,"ʱ"
       
5.1 ʾͬƵ

   Ƶÿʾˮƽɨ;ǹʾһҪͳ
   ֵ.ƵÿʾڴֱƶĴ.
   
   ͬƵͨʾֲļҳ.Ƶֵ͵Hz(ÿ)
   ,ƵKHz(ÿǧ)궨. ͨƵķΧ50150Hz֮,Ƶ31
   135KHz֮.
   
   һ̨Ƶͬʾ,ƵʻһΧ.ĳЩʾ,ǵ͵
   ,ж̶Ƶ.Ҳܽ,Ŀѡϸʾ
   ļ.ΪѷֱѡߵƵ.ҪС --- ͼһ̶̨
   ƵʾøƹƵʻ׵.
   
   ָϵڰ汾ڹƵͬʾ൱,ʹǳ
   ϵ߳ƵԻøõ.ָ˸ɸ
   ;ǽ½ [9]ʾۼ.
   
5.2 ʾƵ

   ʾƵӦðֲļҳ.û,ʾ߶
   ֱ.Ϊһ鷨,ָתΪƵĹֵ(ӶתΪ
   ʹõĵʱӵĴ):
   
        640x480                 25
        800x600                 36
        1024x768                65
        1024x768          45
        1280x1024               110
        1600x1200               185

   ˳˵һ,űûʲص;Щֵֻڱ׼XFree86ģʽݿÿ
   ֱʵ͵ʱӶ(һ,òֵϵ).ʵ
   ʾƵܸܿ߷ֱҪСֵ,ԲҪȥһ
   MHzĵʱ.
   
   ҲעԼ65MHzµĵʱ˵,ƵһӰ.һ
   SVGAʾʹ߷ֱʾ,ҲﵽʾƵ
   ֵ.и:
   
        ͺ                          Ƶ
        ----------                      ------
        NEC 4D                          75MHz
        Nano 907a                       50MHz
        Nano 9080i                      60MHz
        Mitsubishi HL6615               110MHz
        Mitsubishi Diamond Scan         100MHz
        IDEK MF-5117                    65MHz
        IOCOMM Thinksync-17 CM-7126     136MHz
        HP D1188A                       100MHz
        Philips SC-17AS                 110MHz
        Swan SW617                      85MHz
        Viewsonic 21PS                  185MHz
        PanaSync/Pro P21                220MHz

   ͵ʾֱͨҲ̫Ƶ.NEC Multisync IIһ
   ܺõ --- 似ʾ800x600.ֻʾ800x560.
   ĵͷֱ㲻ҪߵĵʱӻƵ;õ32MHz
   36MHz,ʾĶƵ30MHzԲ̫Զ.
   
   Ƶ,ĻͼҲûӦﵽ,ͼ
   ȻԽ.NEC Multisync IIƵܸ36MHzȻ.ͨ
   ༭ⲻǺܹؼ,ֻҪҪͼμ(
   ۾̸).
   
5.3 ʾĵʱ

   ʾֲļҳͨÿʱ(ָÿʾ
   дĻϵܸ).
   
   ֲûϢ,XΪ.汾Xȫ֧
   --probeonly ѡ,ʾϢȻ˳,òXıʾģ
   ʽ.
   
   Xû --probeonly ѡҲҪ.ʹXסʾ,Ի
   һйʱӺϢʾڱ׼.Ϣضһ
   ļ,ᱻ,ʹ㲻òԻص̨.
   
   ̽ĽϢȥӦʾ֮һ:
   
   ʹXFree86: (ע:ΪĻ,----ΪĻķ˵)
   
Xconfig: /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/Xconfig
         --------------------------
            Xļ·

(**) stands for supplied, (--) stands for probed/default values
                --------                  ---------------------
            (**)ṩֵ                (--)ֵ/ȱʡֵ

(**) Mouse: type: MouseMan, device: /dev/ttyS1, baudrate: 9600
                  --------          ----------            ----
                          豸ļ      봮ͨѶ

Warning: The directory "/usr/andrew/X11fonts" does not exist.
         Entry deleted from font path.
(**) FontPath set to "/usr/lib/X11/fonts/misc/,/usr/lib/X11/fonts/75dpi/"
                      --------------------------------------------------
                                     ·

(--) S3: card type: 386/486 localbus
                    ----------------
                     ʾ

(--) S3: chipset:   924
                    ---
    оƬ --- ȷеоƬͺ;һ86C911֮ǰͺ

(--) S3: chipset driver: s3_generic
                         ----------
                       оƬ

(--) S3: videoram:  1024k
                    -----
         ʾ֡ڴ(׳Դ)ĴС

(**) S3: clocks:  25.00  28.00  40.00   3.00  50.00  77.00  36.00  45.00
(**) S3: clocks:   0.00   0.00  79.00  31.00  94.00  65.00  75.00  71.00
                  ------------------------------------------------------
                              MHzĿõƵ

(--) S3: Maximum allowed dot-clock: 110MHz
                                    ------
                                     Ƶ

(**) S3: Mode "1024x768": mode clock =  79.000, clock used =  79.000
                                        ------                ------
                                            1024x768ģʽʱ

(--) S3: Virtual resolution set to 1024x768
                                   --------
                                Ļֱ

(--) S3: Using a banksize of 64k, line width of 1024
(--) S3: Pixmap cache:
(--) S3: Using 2 128-pixel 4 64-pixel and 8 32-pixel slots
(--) S3: Using 8 pages of 768x255 for font caching

   ʹSGCSX/Inside X:
   
WGA: 86C911 (mem: 1024k clocks: 25 28 40 3 50 77 36 45 0 0 79 31 94 65 75 71)
---  ------       -----         --------------------------------------------
 |     |            |                 MHzĿƵ
 |     |            +--ʾ֡ڴĴС
 |     +--оƬͺ
 +--X

   ע:(ܵĻ)ڻж¸Žм.ΪXһӦó,
   ʱѭ̻ͻ,ֵ׼ȷ.⼸ι۲ֵǷ
   ;ȶ,رһЩֱֵȶ.ػ,еĻ,ر
   ʧ(ػ̶Linuxûgpm,SVr4ûmousemgr).
   
   Ϊ˱ʱӼĲ׼ȷ,ӦдʱֵΪʱֵŵ
   Xconfig --- ʱѭXһݿԳԵʱֵ׼ȷ
   .ʹӵ:
   
wga
        Clocks  25 28 40 3 50 77 36 45 0 0 79 31 94 65 75 71

   ڸɸ߶ȱ仯ϵͳ,Ҳ԰صXʧ.пX
   ʱ,ϵͳĸɶôʱֵ,ǲݿҵһƥ
   ĵʱ --- ҵһ!
   
5.4 Щͳݿʲ

   ʾͬƵʷΧ,ʾĵʱһ,˿õļ޷ֱ.
   ӲǱõʲ̶.һ׳ڵӲȴûͬ
   豸ǶԽǮһ˷.һ,һܵӲ
   ԽĻ,ܾܵھӲǱ.XFree86˼
   .
   
   ӦðõĵʱʾƵƥ.Ȼ,кܴԵ --- һЩ
   ʾܳƵֵ30%.ķ춳ʾĶƵ;ǻ
   ϸ.
   
   ˽Ƶʹڸֿܵǵѡ.Ӱʾͼ
   (΢Сϸڵ).
   
6. ԻĽ

   һ½ĺ,һЩҪ˽Ķ.Ƕ.
   еʱָı.
   
   Ƶ(HSF)
          ÿˮƽɨ().
          
   Ƶ(VSF)
          ÿ봹ֱɨ().Ҫˢʵ.
          
   ʱ(DCF)
          ʽı,'ʱƵ';ʾľѹƵ ---
          ÿܷ.
          
   Ƶ(VB)
          뵽ʾƵʾԿɱʱƵ.
          ʾͼ,Ƶǵʱ(DCF)һ,
          Ƶ DCF/2 ʼ.Ȼ,Ϊʾͼ΢Сϸ
          Խܵʾ,㲻ߵʱ̫,춾͸.
          
   ֡(HFL,VFL)
          ˮƽ֡(HFL)ʾǹɨɼұ߽ڵˮƽһ
          еĵ.ֱ֡(VFL)ǰɼ±߽ڵͼɨ
          .
          
   Ļˢ(RR)
          ÿĻػĴ(Ҳ"֡").ƵԽԽ,ΪԼ
          ˸.60HzͿ,VESA׼72Hz͸.
          
          ֵ
          
        RR = DCF / (HFL * VFL)

          עĸеĳ˻ʾĿӷֱʲһ,һ΢.ǽ
          潲ϸ.
          
          ͨģʽָƵ(87Hz)ʵǰ֡:Ե͵ʾ
          Ļȥ˸Ƶ,ÿһֻһĴˢ
          .
          
          Ϊ˼ķǰѸɨȫ֡(ˢ),Ҳ
          43.5Hz.ģʽͼҪͬȫ֡ʵģʽ,Բ
          ȫ֡ʵ֡ʵģʽ.
          
6.1 Ƶ

   ʾϲԸƵΪƵĻȺɫʱ仯
   .ƵζԿСϸ.
   
   ʾõźǰֳͼ.ЩźһʽתΪģ
   ʽ,Բʽʾ.ǿԿɺܶ򵥲϶,ÿһ
   ζһ̶Ƶ,ܶMHzΧ,,20MHz,40MHz,70MHz.
   ʾƵʵָܲʧʾƵߵģź.
   
   ˵,ƵҪΪһʹõߵʱӵĽƽֹ.
   
6.2 ͬƵʺˢ:

   ʾϵÿһˮƽɨֻɨһ֡ȵĿӲ.κʱĻʵ
   ֻһ,㹻ˢ۾Ӱʹ""ͼ
   .
   
   һЩʾͼ:
   
     _______________________
    |                       |     Ƶʾ
    |->->->->->->->->->->-> |     ÿ
    |                      )|     
    |<-----<-----<-----<--- |     ͼĴ
    |                       |
    |                       |
    |                       |
    |                       |
    |_______________________|
     _______________________
    |        ^              |     Ƶʾ
    |       ^ |             |     ÿ
    |       | v             |     
    |       ^ |             |     ͼĴ
    |       | |             |
    |       ^ |             |
    |       | v             |
    |       ^ |             |
    |_______|_v_____________|

   סʵʵĹդɨǿúܽZͼ;֮,ͬʱϵ
   ƶ.
   
   ֪ʱӺ֡СˢʵĹϵ.ݶ,һ(Hz)ָÿ
   һ.,ˮƽ֡HFLֱ֡VFL,ḲĻҪ
   (HFL * VFL) .Ϊݶʾÿ뷢DCF,ԺȻʾĵ
   ǹҲϵɨĻÿ DCF /(HFL * VFL) .
   Ļˢ,ΪָĻÿ뱻(Ӷˢ)Ĵ!
   
   ,ܰʺҪĳַʽķֱ÷ֹ˸.
   
   Щͼֵ,һͼ:
   
        RR                                      VB
         |   min HSF                     max HSF |
         |    |             R1        R2  |      |
max VSF -+----|------------/----------/---|------+----- max VSF
         |    |:::::::::::/::::::::::/:::::\     |
         |    \::::::::::/::::::::::/:::::::\    |
         |     |::::::::/::::::::::/:::::::::|   |
         |     |:::::::/::::::::::/::::::::::\   |
         |     \::::::/::::::::::/::::::::::::\  |
         |      \::::/::::::::::/::::::::::::::| |
         |       |::/::::::::::/:::::::::::::::| |
         |        \/::::::::::/:::::::::::::::::\|
         |        /\:::::::::/:::::::::::::::::::|
         |       /  \:::::::/::::::::::::::::::::|\
         |      /    |:::::/:::::::::::::::::::::| |
         |     /     \::::/::::::::::::::::::::::| \
min VSF -+----/-------\--/-----------------------|--\--- min VSF
         |   /         \/                        |   \
         +--/----------/\------------------------+----\- DCF
           R1        R2  \                       |     \
                          min HSF                |    max HSF
                                                 VB

   һͨʾģʽͼ.ͼxʾʱ(DCF),yˢ(RR).ͼ
   ϵʾ:ڵÿһ㶼һֿܵʾģʽ.
   
   Ϊ'R1''R2'ֱߴһ̶ķֱ(640x480);ǻ
   ͨʱӺˢʵĺܶ಻ͬʵһֱ.R2ߴ˱R1ߵķ
   .
   
   ±߽ǴƵֵˮƽ.Ƶǵʱӵ,һ
   ұĴֱߴ.
   
    [10]ʾҵһΪԼʾƵ
   ͼ(Xͼν,ÿ).һ»ȤĲ;Ƶƶɵ
   ߽.
   
7. ϵͳʱȨ

   ķʽĵóĹʽ
   
        DCF = RR * HFL * VFL

   ֮,ĵʱǹ̶.ܸʱӸˢ,ˮƽֱʻֱ
   ֱ.еһ,һ.
   
   ע,ˢʲܴʾƵ.,κһضʱӵض
   ʾ,һǿƵ춵С֡˻.
   
   ѡʱ,ס:ˢ(RR)õ̫,Ļͻ˸.
   60Hz.72HzVESA˻ѧ׼.120Hzӫ˸Ƶ;
   Դ˱Ƚ,Ҫ춴ֵ.
   
   ˸ʹ۾ƣ,ʹ۾ӦԶҸ˶кܴĲ
   .90ӽʾ,ʹúɫıɫԱǰ,͵
   ,45Hz**.
   
   ϸ:xterm -bg white -fg blackһױͺɫǰ
   xterm,ʹ󵽸.ڰʾȵֵ
   3/4,ʾת.Կʾ(жȸߵΧĤϸ
   ).ûиеκ˸˸̶ǿ̵,ˢʶ
   ˵.һߵˢ,Ϊְӵ˸Ѹʹ۾
   ƣͲͷ,ʹĻڳӽǿȥ.
   
   Ըģʽ,˸춸,統ǰĴֱֱʺʵ
   Ļ.ֱһ°.㲻ϣԼ85Hz֡ʵ.
   
   ΪѾѡһɽܵˢ.ѡˮƽ֡(HFL)ʹ
   ֱ֡(VFL)ʱ,㽫һЩĿռ.
   
8. 洢

   õ֡ڴڲɫҶȼʾܴﵽķֱ.ֻкڰ
   ɫûлҶǳ仯ʾûʲӰ.
   
   256ɫʾ,ÿӵҪ1ֽʾڴ.ֽڰ˾õ
   ɺɵϢ.Ҫ֪ҪԴ,ÿпӵԿ
   .ʾֱ1024x768, 1024 * 768 = 786432,ʾĿӵ.
   ÿ1ֽڵ,ҲʾҪʾڴֽ.
   
   ,ʾڴһ (HR * VR) / 1024 Kֽڲ(оȷֵ
   768K).Դʵ,жԴĻ.
   
   Ȼ,ʾֻ512KԴ,Ͳʹø÷ֱ.ʹкõʾ
   ,û㹻ʾڴ,ǲܷʾǱ.һ,SVGA
   ʾ1Դ,ʾʾ800x600,Ҳﲻ߷
   ( [11]ʹøģʽһܵĲȷ).
   
   Դ벻Ҫ;XFree86ͨĻ
   ЩԴ(XconfigĵĻСĲ).Ҳסһ512K
   ʾʵʰװԴ治512,000ֽ, 512 * 1024 = 524,288 
   .
   
   һS3ʾX/Inside,16ɫ(ÿ4λ),
   XconfigɫΪ4,Чذʾܴķֱʼӱ.,
   1024x768x256S3ʾ,ʹ4λɫȵ1280x1024x16.
   
9. ֡ĴС

   :ַΪƵͬʾо.Ҳ춹̶Ƶʾ
   ,֤һ!
   
   ʼʱͨʱ(DCF)õƵ(HSF)õһˮƽ֡.
   
   ;һSigma Legend SVGA,ʱ65MHz,ʾƵ
   55KHz.(DCF / HSF)õ1181(65MHz = 65000KHz ; 65000 / 55
   = 1181).
   
   ĵһ.ҪΪӽ8ı.SVGA
   S3ʾʹõVGAӲⲽ;ʹһ8λĴ,3
   λ,ʵһ11λ.͵ʾATI 8514/AҲûҪ
   ,ǲ֪,Σ.԰Ѻõˮƽֵ֡
   Ϊ1176.
   
   (DCF / HSF Ϊ8ı)õСˮƽ֡(HFL).ͨͬ
   ͵Ƶ(HSF)ܻøˮƽ֡(HFL)(Ӷ,ĻϿи
   ˮƽ).Ǹ͵ˢʺ͸׾˸.
   
   Ϊһ鷨,ˮƽ֡ܳ80%ˮƽɨߵĿӲ --- ˮƽֱ
   (Զ˱Եʱ --- ǵĻұԵƵ
   դߵԵҪʱ).ˮƽֱ944.
   
   ,Ҫ4:3Ļ߿,ĴֱֱΪղˮƽֱ
   ʵ3/4.Ӷ708.ҪʵʵĴֱ֡(VFL),1.05
   743.
   
   4:3ǼϵĹ涨;һͬıõĻʵʳߴ
   ,ȫʹ.4:3ʹӶԽ߳֡ߺ֡úܷ,ֻҪ
   Խ߳0.8õ,0.6õ.
   
   , HFL = 1176  VFL = 743 .65MHzߵĳ˻õһ,
   74.4Hzˢ.ü!VESA׼!Xʱõ944x708,Ԥ
   800x600.ȫ!
   
   ܸһظĽˢ,ﵽӽ76Hz,ΪʾԸ춶
   Լ2KHzƵʽͬ΢ʹֱ֡(VFL)(֮,дֱֱ
   С94475%).ڳ""Ļ֮ǰ,Ҫ,ȷ
   ʾǹƵܴﵽ76Hz.(,еNEC 4D.ĳƵ(VSF)ֻܴ
   75Hz).( [12]ʾȫ.)
   
   Ϊֹ,ݴ󲿷Ǽ򵥵͹춹դʾĻʵ.ȫ
   ûκ!
   
10. ͬ

   ,Ϊѡĵʱ HFL / VFL ,ҳ˿ɽܵˢ,
   㹻ʾڴ. --- Ҫ֪ʲʱͬ
   .
   
   ͬʵϿʾƵͳƵ.ӼƵ(HSF)
   ͳƵ(VSF)ϵ,ƵͬƵֵ.ʾͬźŸ
   ʾʵԶƵ.
   
   ͼ?դɨһ֡Ҫʱֻвʾͼ(
   Ļֱ).
   
10.1 ͬ:

   ֮ǰĶ,ˮƽɨһHFL.ǰѿӵĿ(Ļˮƽֱ
   )ΪHR.˸ݶȻ HR < HFL .,Ǽͬʱʼ,
   ʾ:
   
  |___ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
  |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _                |
  |_______________________|_______________|_____
  0                       ^               ^     λ:
                          |   ^       ^   |
                          HR  |       |  HFL
                          |   |<----->|   |
                          |<->|  HSP  |<->|
                          HGT1         HGT2

   ,ҪͼʾΪHSPλ,Ҳڿĩ֡ĩ֮
   λ÷һͬ.ΪʲҪ?ΪõĻ,Ļ
   ͼͲƫ.Ļλ,εظʾĿ
   .
   
   ,ͬÿһǶҪԼ30Ϊ"ʱ".HGT1HGT2
   ʾ.һ͵HGT1HGT2,ڴ㽨һ,Ҫ
   ȿʼ(֮,ͬпʼ).
   
   ͬôġ״ͼĻƫ,һ߹ֵؿ,һͼ
   ĻԵƹ,һɫߺһ"Ӱ".һλòʵĳͬ
   ʹͼһ̨˳ͬƵĵӻһ(ʵ,ͬ
   ).
   
   ˵Ļ,ʾͬȻڼĵ.û,
   ʼ...
   
   һ,㽫ò.ʱ,ǿ԰ȫؼٶһͬ
   峤ȴԼ3.54.0΢.
   
   ,Ϊͬ(HSP)3.8΢(˳˵һ,һ
   ʼֵ).
   
   ,65MHzʱֵ,֪ͬ(HSP)247(= 65 *
   10**6 * 3.8 * 10^-6) [ǵ M=10^6, micro=10^-6]
   
   һЩϲǵˮƽ֡ǵΪʱ.Ҳῴ
   :
   
   Ծʱ(HAT)
          ൱HR,ʱ䵥λ(ͨ΢). HAT * DCF = HR.
          
   ʱ(HBT)
          ൱(HFL - HR),ʱ䵥λ(ͨ΢). HBT * DCF = (HFL
          - HR).
          
   (HFP)
          HGT1.
          
   ͬʱ
          HSP.
          
   ½(HBP)
          HGT2.
          
10.2 ͬ:

   صͼ,ܰͼʾ247?
   
   ǵ,ˮƽֱ(HR)944ˮƽ֡(HFL)1176.֮ 1176
   - 944 = 232 < 247 !ȻǲòЩ.?
   
   Ȱ1176ߵ1184,944͵936.ڲ 1184 - 936 = 248 .,ӽ
   Щ.
   
   һ,ǲ3.83.5ͬ(HSP);,ǵó 65 * 3.5 =
   227 ..248227߶.ͨˮƽֱ(HR)ͬ
   (SP)Ŀʼ֮ҪԼ30,ͬ(SP)Ľˮƽ֡(HFL)֮
   Ҳһ.Ǳ8ı!Ǳס?
   
   ., 936 % 8 = 0 , (936 + 32) % 8 = 0 . 936 + 32 = 968
   , 968 + 227 = 1195 , 1195 + 32 = 1227 ...⿴̫.
   8ı,ǰΪ1232.
   
   Ǳڵ鷳,ͬ岻λhH.ҿüǷ
    1232 - 32 = 1200 Ҳ8ı, (1232 - 32) - 968 = 232 ,Ӧʹ
   3.57΢볤ͬ,Ȼ.
   
   , 936 / 1232   0.7676%,Ȼ80%Զ,Ӧû.
   
   ,ʹõǰˮƽ֡,Ҫʾͬ52.7KHz(= 65MHz / 1232),
   ܷΧ֮.û.
   
   ǰľ鷨, 936 * 75% = 702 ,µĴֱֱ. 702 *
   1.05 = 737 ,µĴֱ֡.
   
   Ļˢ= 65MHz / (737 * 1232) = 71.6Hz .Ȼܺ.
   
   ĳͬ岼ͼƵ:
   
   |___ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
   |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _                |
   |_______________________|_______________|_____
   0                      VR              VFL     λ:
                           ^   ^       ^
                           |   |       |
                           |<->|<----->|
                            VGT    VSP

   ڴֱսʱʼͬ.VGTͬĴֱʱ.󲿷
   ʾVGTΪ0(ûзʱ)ʱû.趨.
   Ҫķʱ,ͨûк.
   
   ص:֡Ķ,һֱʱǸһˮƽ֡ʱ,
   ǵ, 1232 / 65MHz = 18.95us .
   
   һͬӦ50us300usΧ֮.150usһ
   ,8ֱʱ(150us / 18.95us   8).
   
   һЩϲǵĴֱ֡ǵΪʱ.Ҳῴ
   :
   
   Ծʱ(VAT)
          ൱VR,ԺΪλ. VAT * VSF = VR .
          
   ʱ(VBT)
          ൱ (VFL - VR) ,ԺΪλ. VBT * VSF = (VFL - VR) .
          
   (VFP)
          VGT.
          
   ͬʱ
          VSP.
          
   ½(VBP)
          ڳͬһʱ.ͨ.
          
11. 

   XconfigļƵģʽ,ÿһжXĳһģʽӦ
   һļ.ΪĶ,ƶ,ʱƵʶ,ˮƽκʹֱ
   .
   
   ƶΰһ,ǸҪ˵ʾģʽ.Xconfig
   ͼöε"Modes"б.ǰһе뵱ǰһ
   ,Ժ.
   
   ʱӶνʾģʽеĵʱ(ǰDCF).еָ
   ֵĵʱֵ.
   
   ˮƽĸ,ָʾÿһˮƽ.εĵһÿ
   бγͼĵ(ǰHR).εĵڶ(SH1)ָͬ
   ĸ㿪ʼ.(SH2)ָͬĸ.ĸָˮƽ
   ֡ܳ(HFL).
   
   ֱҲĸ.һʾϿĿ(VR).ڶ
   (SV1)ָͬпʼ.(SV2)ָͬн.
   ĸֱ֡ܳ(VFL).
   
   :
   
     #ģʽ    ʱ       ˮƽʱ           ֱʱ

     "752x564"     40    752 784  944 1088  564 567 569 611
                   44.5  752 792  976 1240  564 567 570 600

   (ע:ǰX11R5ִ֧Сĵʱֵ.)
   
   Xconfig,ղἰ --- зĵ,ѷͬ
   ʼָĵ,ʱĵ,֮ͬĵ
    --- ÿеĵ.ˮƽܱ8.
   
   ˮƽֵʾ: 800 864 1024 1088
   
   ʾǷ(800),ͬʼλ(864),ͬ
   λ(1024),ˮƽһλ(1088).
   
   ٴע,ˮƽֵ(800,864,1024,1088)Ҫܱ8!ֱֵҪ
   .
   
   ʾϵµ֡.һ֡Ļʱź.ͼ.
   һʾ֮ͳ֮ͬǰ,еӳ.Ȼͬ
   ,᱾֡ĩβн,Ϊ֮ӳ.ض
   ʾģʽʱҪֵָһƵķʽ.
   
   ֱֵʾ: 600 603 609 630
   
   ָʾ600,ͬ忪ʼ춵603,춵609,
   Լܼ630.
   
   עⴹֱֵҪܱ8!
   
   ǻصԭ۵.,ҪľǰǵĽ
   ʽдXconfig:
   
<>   DCF     HR  SH1 SH2   HFL   VR  SV1 SV2 VFL

   SH1ͬĿʼSH2ǽ;ͬ,SV1ǳͬĿʼ
   SV2ǽ.
   
   ҪЩֵ,һͬ.SH1ͬ
   Ŀʼ;, SH1 = HR + HGT1 .SH2½صĽ;, SH2 = SH1 +
   HSP .ͬ, SV1 = VR + VGT (ֻVGTͨΪ0) SV2 = SV1 + VSP .
   
#     ʱ        ˮƽʱ            ֱʱ     ־
 936x702  65      936 968 1200 1232   702 702 710 737

   Ҫ־;Ϊһģʽ..
   
12. ʾ

   ʾǹ̶Ƶʵ,ԲӦͼԽɨƵ.Ļ
   Ӳ.ҲӦ֪һ̨ƵͬʾܻǱڵĲ׾
   .
   
   ෴,ʱӸʾƵһ޺.˶ͬƵ
   ʱ.ĳЩʾҲб·,ΣյɨƵʱرʾ
   ,Ҫ.һЩɵĶƵͬʾ(Multisync II),ֻʹһ
   ˮƽѹ.ʾԹû̫ı.иѹڵ
   ·(ڹ̶Ƶʾпû)ͬʱ,ḲÿܵƵʷΧ,
   ڱ˵ͺ.ⲻζ·и,ҲʹĻӫ۸
   ,ʹʾ춹ķ(X).
   
   Ȼ,ʾת(ƵźŵĶͶ),ͨ
   ʵʵƵ,ʾƵ(ʾ̹
   Ļ).
   
   ҪС...
   
13. ʹøģʽ

   (һº̶ܴϹ鹦David Kastrup
   <dak@pool.informatik.rwth-aachen.de>)
   
   ʾͬ·ȶ֧һ̶ĵʱӵĻ,һ̨ʾ
   ˸Ҫһ̨ʾϲ.ΪȷǸģʽ.
   
   ģʽõΪͬƵVSF(ڹоĲ)춶
   Ӧģʽ.ͬƵ¸ģʽԽΪԽ,Ƶͨʾ
   /ʾԵ.
   
   ڹ̶ˢ(֡,ƵVSF),ʾΪ˸:һ̨90Hzĸ
   ʾһ̨90Hzʾ.Ȼ,ֻҪһƵһƵ.
   ͬĵʱӺͬɨºģʽȽ,Խ:45Hz
   ģʽ޷ܵ.90Hzĸģʽ,ҵMultisync 3Dʾ(
   1024x768)Ѿ˼,оǳ.ҲҪ70Hzʾ
   ͬ.
   
   ,ҪעҪ:ֻڸ߷ֱʹøģʽ,ɨ
   Ǳ˴˿.ҲҪͬĿȺλô򽻵Իȶɨ
   λ.ɨǽ,ͼ.һӦóѡ
   һͼΪ˵(XCept,˵Ǿ֪ûӦó).Ϊ
   ʹXCept,л800x600,ΪĻ˺ҵ۾.
   
   Ϊͬԭ,ʹ100dpi,ˮƽʻΪɨ߿
   (춸߷ֱ,嶼û).
   
   Ȼ,Ӳˢ֧ģʽĻͲҪʹøģʽ.
   
   ,㷢ĳЩֱʾʾƵǵ,Եõ
   ˲˸ˮʴ(Ƶ)ͼ,ҲҪֱͬʹ
   øģʽ.ȻʾƵ(VSF)Ѿӽ伫Ҳûõ.
   
   øģʽ:ģʽһ.ֻ࿼:ֱ(
   ģʽеһ)Ҫһ,Լָ"Interlace"־ʱ,ʾ
   ʵʴֱ֡ʼӱ.ָģʽ45Hzģʽ"Interlace"־,
   ʾ֧90Hz֡.
   
   һ,1024x768ģʽҵģʽ:ҵMultisync 3Dָ֧
   90HzƵ38KHzƵ.
   
Modeline "1024x768" 45 1024 1048 1208 1248 768 768 776 807 Interlace

   ڸģʽƶǡػþ.ָͬģʽ,ֻû"Interlace"
   ־,Ȼﵽʾˮƽļ(ϸ˵,΢춳Ƶ),ͼ
   ޷ܵ˸.
   
   ù:һģʽ,Сʾֱһ,ʹֱΪ
   "Interlace"־.ʾἫĽ.
   
   ʹģʽ,þʾļ(гĳ
   ƵһʾֵԼ30%)ֶһָģʽ(΢Щ
   ķֱ)ϺõЧ,ҲܶԴ˳ŵ.
   
14. 

   :ٵӲǱ׼Ļֱ,ҿ?
   
   :Ϊʲ᲻?ûһʹ640x480,800x600,
   1024x768.XFree86Ӳʱкܴ.ͨҪγ
   ҳȷ.ҪõҪĶںСĿµĸˢ
   ,˸۾Ϊ۵ĸ߷ֱ!
   
   :65MHzʱӺ55KHzƵ(HSF)ʱΨһķֱ?
   
   :Բ!㱻ѭĲ貢зҳϲ
   .Ȥ.ҲֻǸƵź,
   ʵһ̨ʽƵͬʾͨǲ𻵵.ڳʹһģʽǰ
   ȷʾָ֧ģʽ֡.
   
   СĹ̶Ƶʾ!Ժܿʹ.ȷǽеÿ
   鶼Чˢ.
   
   :ἰֱ׼ֱ.Xconfig,кܶõı׼ֱ,ܸ
   ޸ʱʱǷʲҪ?
   
   :!ڵǰXconfigг"׼"ģʽ640x480Ϊ.ʹ25MHz
   Ƶ,֡800525=>ˢԼΪ59.5Hz.̫.ԺܶSVGA忨
   ˵28MHzһͨʹõƵ.640x480,
   ۵Ĳ,ɵõ֡Ϊ812(Ϊ808)505.ˢ68Hz,
   һԭ׼ģʽ൱ĸĽ.
   
   :ܶΪֹ۵ܽ?
   
   :֮:
   
    1. κι̶Ƶ,ֱʻˢʽ͵Ĵ۴Ӷ
       Ե˸.
    2. ø߷ֱʶʾҲ֧,跨һṩƥĵʱ
       (DCF)SVGA.ԽԽ!
       
15. ͼ

   ,ѾXõֵ.ǷXconfigһģʽıע.
   X,ȼлģʽ,...ͼ.?һ嵥,
   ƵͼԼνо.
   
   (ЩСıxvidtune(1)֮.)
   
   ͨıͬʱƶͼ.ͨı֡԰ͼ(
   ƶͬԱͼڶӦͬλ,Ҳƶͼ).һЩ
   ϸķ:
   
   ˮƽʹֱλǶ.֮,ˮƽƶͼ󲻻Ӱ촹ֱλ,֮Ȼ.
   ,žͲһ.Ȼıˮƽߴ粻ı䴹ֱߴ,֮Ȼ,
   ܵĸıƵ.رͼ̫ʱ,Ųòһ
   ߵĵʱ.Ϊ˿õķֱ,Ϊһ!
   
15.1 ͼλ

   Ҫ,ƶͬ.֮,Զͬغ½صˮƽʱ
   мֽ(8ı).
   
   ͼƫ(ұ߽̫,ƶͼ).ͼƫ(߽̫
   ,ƶͼ)ͬ.
   
15.2 ͼϻλ

   Ҫ,ƶͬ.֮,Զ˳ͬغ½صĴֱʱ
   мֽ.
   
   ͼƫ(±߽̫,ƶͼ).ͼƫ(ϱ߽̫
   ,ƶͼ).
   
15.3 ͼˮƽʹֱ̫

   лһߵʾʱٶ.ʱļжģʽ,ܿ
   һģʽؼ.
   
15.4 ͼˮƽ̫(̫խ)

   Ҫ,()ˮƽ֡.֮,ıһʱεĵĸ.Ϊ˱
   ƶͼ,Ҳͬ(ڶ͵)ƶһĵ,Աͼڶ
   Ӧͬλ.
   
15.5 ͼڴֱ̫(̫ǳ)

   Ҫ,()ֱ֡.֮,ıڶʱεĵĸ.Ϊ˱
   ƶͼ,Ҳͬ(ڶ͵)ƶһĵ,Աͼڶ
   Ӧͬλ.
   
   κβͨЩɵıκܿǷһЩļ
   ,ʱӸʾܴķΧ.
   
   ,סһ֡ήˢ,֮Ȼ.
   
   ʱͨʾϵĻСı.ȱΪ˾
   ͼģʽ()趨̫ԶĻ,Ҳıģʽʾͼ
   ùŹ.ĺģʽǸõķ.
   
16. ʾ

   Ҫһʾģʽͼ,㽫Ҫgnuplot(һUNIXϵͳµĻͼ
   )modeplot.һѡʾͼ
   shell/gnuplotű.
   
   modeplotһݿ:
   
#!/bin/sh
#
# modeplot --- ʾʹõXģʽͼ
#
# ִ'modeplot -?'֪ѡ.
#

# ʾ.ƵMHzΪλ,ƵKHzΪλ,ƵHzΪλ.
TITLE="Viewsonic 21PS"
BANDWIDTH=185
MINHSF=31
MAXHSF=85
MINVSF=50
MAXVSF=160
ASPECT="4/3"
vesa=72.5       # VESAСˢ

while [ "$1" != "" ]
do
        case $1 in
        -t) TITLE="$2"; shift;;
        -b) BANDWIDTH="$2"; shift;;
        -h) MINHSF="$2" MAXHSF="$3"; shift; shift;;
        -v) MINVSF="$2" MAXVSF="$3"; shift; shift;;
        -a) ASPECT="$2"; shift;;
        -g) GNUOPTS="$2"; shift;;
        -?) cat <<EOF
modeplot control switches:

-t "<description>"   name of monitor            defaults to "Viewsonic 21PS"
-b <nn>              bandwidth in MHz           defaults to 185
-h <min> <max>    min & max HSF (KHz)        defaults to 31 85
-v <min> <max>    min & max VSF (Hz)         defaults to 50 160
-a <aspect ratio>    aspect ratio               defaults to 4/3
-g "<options>"       pass options to gnuplot

The -b, -h and -v options are required, -a, -t, -g optional. You can use -g to
pass a device type to gnuplot so that (for example) modeplot's output can be re
directed to a printer. See gnuplot(1) for details.

The modeplot tool was created by Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com> based on ana
lysis and scratch code by Martin Lottermoser <Martin.Lottermoser@mch.sni.de>

This is modeplot $Revision: 1.13 $
EOF
                exit;;
        esac
        shift

done

gnuplot $GNUOPTS <<EOF
set title "$TITLE Mode Plot"

# ħֵ.ҵͼǵĸı൱,ĳЩʾǲܴʵ
ֵ.Ҫ
# ЩֵԻøӽģʽͼ.ЩֵǲModeDBݿдֵõ.
F1 = 1.30       # תˮƽֱʵ֡ı
F2 = 1.05       # תֱֱʵ֡ߵı

# (1.0ǿȽʵ)
ac = (1.0*$ASPECT)*F1/F2
refresh(hsync, dcf) = ac * (hsync**2)/(1.0*dcf)
dotclock(hsync, rr) = ac * (hsync**2)/(1.0*rr)
resolution(hv, dcf) = dcf * (10**6)/(hv * F1 * F2)

# Ϸñ
set xlabel 'DCF (MHz)'
set ylabel 'RR (Hz)' 6  # Yұ߷

# ͼ
set grid
set label "VB" at $BANDWIDTH+1, ($MAXVSF + $MINVSF) / 2 left
set arrow from $BANDWIDTH, $MINVSF to $BANDWIDTH, $MAXVSF nohead
set label "max VSF" at 1, $MAXVSF-1.5
set arrow from 0, $MAXVSF to $BANDWIDTH, $MAXVSF nohead
set label "min VSF" at 1, $MINVSF-1.5
set arrow from 0, $MINVSF to $BANDWIDTH, $MINVSF nohead
set label "min HSF" at dotclock($MINHSF, $MAXVSF+17), $MAXVSF + 17 right
set label "max HSF" at dotclock($MAXHSF, $MAXVSF+17), $MAXVSF + 17 right
set label "VESA $vesa" at 1, $vesa-1.5
set arrow from 0, $vesa to $BANDWIDTH, $vesa nohead # style -1
plot [dcf=0:1.1*$BANDWIDTH] [$MINVSF-10:$MAXVSF+20] \
  refresh($MINHSF, dcf) notitle with lines 1, \
  refresh($MAXHSF, dcf) notitle with lines 1, \
  resolution(640*480,   dcf) title "640x480  " with points 2, \
  resolution(800*600,   dcf) title "800x600  " with points 3, \
  resolution(1024*768,  dcf) title "1024x768 " with points 4, \
  resolution(1280*1024, dcf) title "1280x1024" with points 5, \
  resolution(1600*1280, dcf) title "1600x1200" with points 6

pause 9999
EOF

   һ֪modeplotgnuplotѾʵλ,Ҫʾ:
   
     * Ƶ(VB)
     * ƵΧ(HSF)
     * ƵΧ(VSF)
       
   ƳҪһЩȫȷļ򻯼ٶ.˵óͼֻһ
   .Щٶ:
   
    1. зֱеһĹ̶Ļ߿ AR = HR / VR .׼ֱ AR =
       4/3  AR = 5/4 .modeplotĬϼٶ4/3,滻.
    2. Լģʽ,ˮƽʹֱֱ֡ˮƽʹֱֱʵĹ̶:
       
        HFL = F1 * HR
        VFL = F2 * VR

   ΪһݴԵָ, F1 = 1.30  F2 = 1.05 ( [13]frame "֡
   С").
   
   ڴһͬƵ,Ƶ(HSF).ݸղļٶ,ÿֵʱ
   ƵDCFѾˢRR,Ҳ˵,Ƶ(HSF)ÿֵһ
   RR(DCF).иó.
   
   ˢʵʱƵʳ֡ĳ˻:
   
        RR = DCF / (HFL * VFL)          (*)

   һ,ˮƽ֡ʱʳƵ:
   
        HFL = DCF / HSF                 (**)

   ٶVFLԻΪHFL:
   
        VFL = F2 * VR
            = F2 * (HR / AR)
            = (F2 / F1) * HFL / AR      (***)

   (**)(***)(*)ǵõ:
   
        RR = DCF / ((F2 / F1) * HFL**2 / AR)
           = (F1 / F2) * AR * DCF * (HSF / DCF)**2
           = (F1 / F2) * AR * HSF**2 / DCF

   춹̶HSF,F1,F2AR,ǵͼһ˫.ƵСֵֵ
   Ǿ͵õ߽.
   
   ֱߴضķֱ.ǻ(*)͵ڶٶ:
   
        RR = DCF / (HFL * VFL) = DCF / (F1 * HR * F2 * VR)

   ͨΪĳ˸Ȥзֱʻֱ,̼סʾԷΧڷ
   ,ʱƵʺˢ֮ܵĹϵ.עЩ߲ʾ,ȷ
   ʵ춵ڶٶ.
   
   modeplotṩ׵;ͼ.modeplot -?Ŀѡ
   .һ͵:
   
        modeplot -t "Swan SW617" -b 85 -v 50 90 -h 31 58

   -bѡָƵ;-v-hƵͳƵΧ.
   
   Ķmodeplotʱ,ʼռסֻƵ.,ͬ
   ȵСҪɵˮƽ֡(HFL),ľȷٶ
   ľȷ. [14]гֵϸ(漰ĳЩ)
   Ʒ.,ʲģʽǿܵĺЩȨ,Ӧøõ
   о.
   
17. л

   ԭεChin Fang <fangchin@leland.stanford.edu>.
   
   Eric S. Raymond <esr@snark.thyrsus.com> ŬĻ¼ӹ,
   ֯дChin Fangԭ.,Bob Crosson
   <crosson@cam.nist.gov> дһƪHOWTOĴ󲿷.
   
   ģʽҪDavid Kastrup
   <dak@pool.informatik.rwth-aachen.de>.
   
   Nicholas Bodley <nbodley@alumni.princeton.edu> ʾι½ڽ
   ˸Ͳ.
   
   Payne Freret <payne@freret.org> ˹ʾƵһЩϵС
   .
   
   Martin Lottermoser <Martin.Lottermoser@mch.sni.de> gnuplot
   ģʽͼ뷨,modeplotѧ.modeplotESR
   MartinԭʼgbuplotΪĵƺ͹ɳ.

References

   1. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.18590/XFree86-Video-Timings-HOWTO.txt.html#overd
   2. http://metalab.unc.edu/LDP
   3. mailto:esr@thyrsus.com
   4. mailto:pxun@163.net
   5. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.18590/XFree86-Video-Timings-HOWTO.txt.html#fixes
   6. http://altern.org/vii/programs/linux/read-edid/
   7. http://without.netpedia.net/kvideogen/
   8. http://fribble.cie.rpi.edu/~repairfaq/REPAIR/F_deflfaq.html
   9. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.18590/XFree86-Video-Timings-HOWTO.txt.html#overd
  10. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.18590/XFree86-Video-Timings-HOWTO.txt.html#cplot
  11. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.18590/XFree86-Video-Timings-HOWTO.txt.html#inter
  12. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.18590/XFree86-Video-Timings-HOWTO.txt.html#overd
  13. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.18590/XFree86-Video-Timings-HOWTO.txt.html#frame
  14. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.18590/XFree86-Video-Timings-HOWTO.txt.html#synth
