
                    The Linux Sound HOWTO -- Linux Чָ
                                       
: Jeff_Tranter, [1]jeff_tranter@pobox.com
:  [2]yorkwu@ms4.hinet.net

   İ v1.18, 19971112(ԭv1.18, 1 November 1997)
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   ļLinuxµĹЧ֧Ԯ. оٳ֧ԮЧӲ豸, Ҳд
   úʽ,Ľ. ϣ,ָ
   ·,ͬʱUsenet鼰̳ͨӴ``ˮ''.
     _________________________________________________________________
   
1. 

     * 1.1 л״
     * 1.2 Ӣİ汾ظ
     * 1.3 İ汾ظ
     * 1.4 °汾δѰ?
     * 1.5 
     * 1.6 ɢʱע
       
2. Ч

3. ֧ԮӲ

     * 3.1 Ч
     * 3.2 ѡԵЧʽ
     * 3.3 PC
     * 3.4 ƽ(ӡ)
       
4. װ

     * 4.1 װЧ
     * 4.2 趨
     * 4.3 豸
     * 4.4 Linux
     * 4.5 
       
5. ֧ԮЧӦ

6. 

     * 6.1 һЧ豸ʲ?
     * 6.2 Ч?
     * 6.3 ¼Ч?
     * 6.4 ҿвֻһƬЧ?
     * 6.5 : No such file or directory for sound devices
     * 6.6 : No such device for sound devices
     * 6.7 : No space left on device for sound devices
     * 6.8 : Device busy for sound devices
     * 6.9 Ӳ'device busy'Ĵ!
     * 6.10 Чŵһͣ
     * 6.11 MOD϶
     * 6.12 Чʱ
     * 6.13 ǰܺܺõ, ȴSEGV
     * 6.14 Чʽк֪Ƽbug?
     * 6.15 Чʽioctl, м?
     * 6.16 Ҫȫƽ˳¼, ҪǿCPUܰ쵽?
     * 6.17 PAS16Adaptec 1542 SCSIĴ
     * 6.18 ɲͬʱ¼?
     * 6.19 ҵԿ16IRQ 2, ʽ׼ֵ
     * 6.20 ԿAWE32Կ16ASP֧Ԯ?
     * 6.21 뿪Linux, DOS, ȻЩ巢
     * 6.22 LinuxDOOM
     * 6.23 Ч?
     * 6.24 ܷ, ¼
     * 6.25 ȽDOSʽ, Ȼҵ"ݿ"û
     * 6.26 ҵ16λԪԿݿLinuxֻ8λԪģʽ
     * 6.27 ҵõLinuxЧ?
     * 6.28 ЧʽɲԱɿģ?
     * 6.29 ̨ܰЧ?
     * 6.30 VoxWareʲ?
     * 6.31 ֧Ԯ弴Ч?
     * 6.32 Sox/Play/Vplay ر "invalid block size 1024"
     * 6.33 ЧʽΪҪԼ趨ʽ?
     * 6.34 Чʽģ,趨ͱ
     * 6.35 ֻroot¼
     * 6.36 IBM ThinkPadϵЧӲ֧Ԯ?
       
7. ο
     _________________________________________________________________
   
1. 

   Linux Sound HOWTOļ. ҪĿṩһаװLinuxЧ֧
   Ԯ֪ ʶĿٲο. һشLinux¹Чĳ
   , һҲָ 춵Ч/ַĲοϵԴ.
   
   ֻʺLinuxõЧ. ЧЧ/ԭ
   , Ĳοǽгļ.
   
1.1 л״

   ļܶЧʽʽļ(Hannu Savolainen(
   [3]hannu@voxware.pp.fi)׫д). ллHannuLinuxЧʽ, 
   Чóʽ.
   
    [4]SGML Tools ׼,ʹñļһԭʼֲͬ
   ʽ.
   
1.2 Ӣİ汾ظ

   1.1
          һ; ֻLinux̳ͨSOUNDƵ.
          
   1.2
          Ҫĸ; ڵĵһ.
          
   1.3
          תΪSGML; ʹMatt WelshLinuxdoc-SGMLתжָʽ;
          ¸ʽ ۽ṹ, ݽСı.
          
   1.4
          SGMLĴҪĶ; PAS16Adaptec 1542A SCSIĽ
          .
          
   1.5
          1.1г2.5aЧʽ; ᵽ֧ԮGUS-MAX; 
          Ҫ
          
   1.6
          ˹춴``no space on device''Ѷ. ᵽ Hacker's Guide
          "''Ŀ¼. ˫ģʽ; 춴``device busy''
          Ѷ; Ҫı.
          
   1.7
          ӹASPAWE32Ѷ; VoxWare 2.9; شʹõIRQ2
          ; ο SoundSCSI HOWTO.
          
   1.8
          DOS³ִ; Ҫı, 2.90Ч
          ʽ; DOOMѶ; μ.
          
   1.9
          ¼ݿ.
          
   1.10
          HOWTOWeb, ӡˢͷ뱾; 춺QICŴʽDMA
          ͻѶ;  ħ(Sound Galaxy NX Pro)޼ BusMouse 
          Ѷ.
          
   1.11
          þõĸ(ʱæ); ļGPLִչ涨; 3.0
          Ч ʽ; ֧ԮЧʽѶ; 춽ü
           Ѷ; ˺ܶHTML; úCDROM-HOWTOһĸ
          ʽ.
          
   1.12
          1.3.34µЧʽ; µ豸; 1542λַ
          Ϊ334( 333); Creative Labs EmuASP״̬; 
          Creative Labs  MediaTrix ַ.
          
   1.13
           VoxWare (); ԷӦ֧ԮĿѡ;
          弴(PnP) ֧Ԯ; С(block size); 
           xconfig  menuconfig ѡ; mudutils Ч豸֧Ԯ; vgerͨ
          Ѷ̳ݰ; ǿߵվ; Ĵ Ҫ޶.
          
   1.14
          Audio Excell DSP16Ŀǰδ֧Ԯ(ӦüͿ); óʽ
          ; 뱾; Чģʱ, һ趨С
          ;  ȶĸΪ2.0; µЧʽ; Ч豸
          rootȨ.
          
   1.15
          ȥ̫ɹʱ; E-mailַ; һЩװ
          ָ; Ӷý ǱĸѶ; ƴ﷨Сı.
          
   1.16
          Hannu Savolainen˺ܶ޶У; µ``Ѳο
          '' ; 鱾ҳ֮URL; 뱾; ƴķ
          Сı.
          
   1.17
          뱾; ѡԵ GUS ʽ; ݻ(packet
          radio modem); Linux Multimedia Guide зļ뱾. ο
          ص mini-HOWTO; IBM ThinkPadָ.
          
   1.18
          ; MIPSƽ̨ϵЧ֧Ԯ˸Ѷ; ¶ƬЧ
          ֧ԮѶ; Ҫrootִfuser.
          
1.3 İ汾ظ

   1.15
          뱾, ûü.
          
   1.16
          һ, 뷽ʽ.
          
   1.17
          ״θΪSGMLʽ.
          
   1.18
          һû; һļŴ; һμϱİ
          ظ.
          
1.4 °汾δѰ?

   ļ֮°汾 [5]comp.os.linux.answers ; Ҳ
   ܶౣѶftpվ,
   [6]ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/
   
   ļHOWTOļĳְҲںܶWWWվ̨,
   [7]http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/mdw.html ܶLinuxCD-ROMҲںHOWTO
   ,ͨ/usr/doc/Ŀ¼. ʱCD-ROM ϵ, ӡ, ftpվ
   ǹʱİ汾. ڱ HOWTO ϵѾ񳬹 , 
   InternetϿѾ°.
   
   ĵķ뱾 [8]ftp://ftp.ibp.fr/pub2/linux/french/docs/HOWTO/
   
   ĵ뱾 [9]http://yebisu.ics.es.osaka-u.ac.jp/linux/
   
   ĵ뱾
   [10]http://www.psico.unipd.it/ildp/docs/HOWTO/Sound-HOWTO.html
   
   ĵ뱾
   [11]http://www.insflug.nova.es/howtos/online/sonido/sonido-COMO.html
   
   ĵ뱾
   [12]http://linux.ntcic.edu.tw/~yorkwu/linux/howto/sound/
   
   ĵĺ뱾
   [13]http://members.iWorld.net/mangchi/HOWTO/Sound-HOWTO.html
   
   ļ Linux HOWTO ķҲ
   [14]http://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/translations/ Լ
   [15]ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/translations/ҵ.
   
   㽫ļ, , һ.
   
1.5 

   HOWTOļ, Ҫλ߰, ԽԽ. κν, 
   ,  , 뽫ظ, [16]jeff_tranter@pobox.com. ҽһ
   Щ.
   
   (ע : Աİ,  [17]yorkwu@ms4.hinet.net.)
   
   Ҳ⾡شЧLinuxһ. ֮ǰ, 
    ƪ HOWTO, ȻٸҺصϸѶ. 벻Ҫ
   Linuxҵϵͳ ¹Ч.
   
   ΨϻӲʽдļ, ӭһݹ. ĵ
   ŵ ַ. Ҳ뿼һ¶ Linux ļƻ, ֧ Linux 
   ļ. Linux HOWTO Э Greg Hankings ( [18]gregh@sunsite.unc.edu
   )ԵõѶ.
   
1.6 ɢʱע

   ԭȨΪ Jeff Tranter (1995-1997) .
   
   İȨΪ Jeff Tranter (1997) .
   
    HOWTO ļ; ں FSF () GNU GPL
   (һ㹫 Ȩ)֮涨ɢ/޸; ɾ GPL 2.0
   ֮κΰ .
   
   ļϣ, ǲṩκα֤, ʹҵ ĳ
   ;֤Ȼ. 뿴 GNU һ㹫Ȩ.
   
   Ҫȡ GNU һ㹫Ȩ(Ӣİ), Լŵ Free Software
   Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139,USA.
   
2. Ч

   ΪԱ潲Щ˽, һڼԵһµЧ
   Ҫ. һ˽, λѶλźŴ鼮.
   
   һȵ; Χڵֵ. Ȼȴλ
   , ֻܶԸΧеļ. Ϊܴ, Чһֽ
   /λת(A/DADC), ź(Եѹʾ)תԹ. 
   Ҳһ λ/ת(D/ADAC)ַתɵѹ, ͽ, 
   .
   
   תλĹ, ȡ, һЩ. ؾת
   ת ö. һȡ, ڵλʱ, Ӳȡ(ͨ
   ÿ λΪλ). ϵ͵ȡȡͱȽϲ׼ȷ. 
   С, ÿһ ȡЧΧ, ͨbitʾ. ЧΧԽ, ȡ
   ׼ȷλ.
   
   Чһ816 bitȡ, ȡ4000-44000Hz֮. ȡҲΪ
   () ˫().
   
   FMϳǲľɷ. ѲͬĲ(Ҳ,,ǲ)
   Ѷ. FMϳӲϱȽϼ, ǽѳʽ, Ҳû. ܶЧ
   ṩFM ϳԺ͹ȥЧ. ͨṩ
   .
   
   ͱϳɼD/AתĵԼFMϳɵĶƵ. ַ, λ
   صרõļ, ڲ̫ҪCPUص², ϲ޸.
    Ч֧Ԯͱϳ.
   
   Чṩ, ɽͬѶԴԺϲ,  ǿ
   .
   
   MIDIָλ(Musical Instrument Digital Interface), һֿ
   ˴˹ͨӲ. MIDI busϴ͵¼ԴMIDI, 
   ޸ļ ز. ܶЧṩMIDI, ʹû, Ч, 
   ȻԲMIDI.
   
   MODǵԲõĸʽ. ˼¼, Ҳ¼(
   )λȡ. MODAmiga, ֻҪʵ, ڰLinux
   ϵͳ Ҳܲ.
   
3. ֧ԮӲ

   һгĿǰLinux֧ԮЧЧ, ׫дʱµLinuxΪ
   ׼.
   
   ЧʽԼİ汾. µȶLinux2.0.31, ʹ
   3.5.4-960630Чʽ.
   
   Чʽ, Hannu Savolainen, ͳ׼Linuxĵʽ
   ǰƳµbetaʽ. µ֧Ԯб
   [19]http://www.4front-tech.com/ossfree/new_cards.html() 
   [20]http://personal.eunet.fi/pp/voxware/new_cards.html(ŷ). ǻ
   ֿҪһϵʽ, ֧Ԯڽ. ںеĵ
   /usr/src/linux/drivers/sound/Readme.cardsҲг֧ԮĿ, 
   µ.
   
   HOWTOѶIntelƽ̨LinuxЧ.
   
   ЧʽӦҲԶAlphaƽ̨ϵЧЧ. Ȼ, ЩȻ
   i386 õĺúõ, ƫƫͺAlphaϵ豸I/Oλַ. Գ
   ԳԹ, ȻҲ ȷһƬЧܲ.
   
   ׫дƪʱ, ʽв֧ԮPowerPCLinux, Ӧû֧Ԯ.
   
   MIPSƽ̨LinuxԽЧʽҽ, вMIPSEISA,
   ڽ ķӲ. LinuxMIPS group,ڽǺȤ
   Ч֧Ԯ.
   
   Linux ҲΪ Atari  Amiga ƽ̨ Linux ṩ˺ Intel ƽ̨, 
   ʹ ЩڽЧӲʽ (ע: οܺԭ˼г
   )
   
   SPARCƽ̨LinuxĿǰû֧ԮЧ. (ͬAmigaAtari, SPARCڽ
   ЧӲ , дʽͿ)
   
3.1 Ч

   ЧΪLinuxʽ֧Ԯ:
   
     * ATI Stereo F/X (ͣ)
     * AdLib (ͣ)
     * Ensoniq SoundScape (RevealSpeaݿ)
     * Gravis Ultrasound
     * Gravis Ultrasound ACE
     * Gravis Ultrasound Max
     * Gravis Ultrasound with 16 bit sampling option
     * Logitech Sound Man 16
     * Logitech SoundMan Games
     * Logitech SoundMan Wave
     * MAD16 Pro (OPTi 82C928, 82C929, 82C930, 82C924 Ƭ)
     * Media Vision Jazz16
     * MediaTriX AudioTriX Pro
     * Microsoft Windows Sound System (MSS/WSS)
     * Mozart (OAK OTI-601)
     * Orchid SW32
     * Personal Sound System (PSS)
     * Pro Audio Spectrum 16
     * Pro Audio Studio 16
     * Pro Sonic 16
     * Roland MPU-401 MIDI interface
     * Sound Blaster 1.0
     * Sound Blaster 16
     * Sound Blaster 16ASP
     * Sound Blaster 2.0
     * Sound Blaster AWE32
     * Sound Blaster Pro
     * TI TM4000M notebook
     * ThunderBoard
     * Turtle Beach Tropez ("classic"Plus)
     * Turtle Beach Maui
     * Yamaha FM synthesizers (OPL2, OPL3 and OPL4)
     * 6850 UART MIDI Interface
       
   Ҫע弴(PnP)ЧȫͽϾɵ, PnPͬͿ. 
   ˵, SoundBlaster16 PnP;ûкԭSoundBlaster16ȫ. ֤ͬ
   Soundscape PnPGUS PnPҲһ. ǻᵽ弴õĸ
   һѶ.
   
   µĿû֧Ԯ, ԭ̫ɻ̲дʽĳʽ 
   Ѷ.
   
     * Pro Audio Spectrum (ԭʼ)
     * Pro Audio Spectrum+
     * Diamond ƵЧ (ʹ Sierra Aria)
       
   Other sound cards that are claimed to be compatible with one of the
   supported sound cards may work if they are hardware (i.e. register
   level) compatible.
   
   ƺ֧ԮĿݵĿ, Ӳ(ݴȼ)ݵĻ,  Ҳ
   .
   
   ȻЧų``Կ'', LinuxԿʽ 
   ֮. ЩMSS/WSSMAD16ʽͨ. ֻ
   Creative LabsԿ(CreativeľƬ, SoundBlaster16 Vibra), 
   MV Jaz16  ESS688/1688 ĿԿʽ. ν``
   ݵ16λԪ Ч''Կʽֻ˷ʱ.
   
   LinuxҲ֧ԮЧϵSCSI(ProAudioSpectrum 16)ר
   ( Pro). 뿴Linux [21]SCSI HOWTO [22]CDROM HOWTOļ
   ˽.
   
   Чϳҡ, ҲиĿģ֧Ԯ.
   
   עᵽSCSI,CD-ROM,ҡЧʽ˴޹ص.
   
   Чʽһ˽, 뷭``ο'', Hannu Savolainen 
   վ.
   
3.2 ѡԵЧʽ

   ˺ڽ, Щں, ``ʽ''Чʽ, 
   ǿȡ׼ڵʽ.
   
   4Front TechnologiesҵLinuxЧʽ. ṩ˱Linux
   Ѱ ಻ٵĹ.  [23]http://www.4front-tech.com/ 4Front
   Technologiesվ.
   
   Markus Mummert ( [24]mum@mmk.e-technik.tu-muenchen.deд˸ Turtle
   Beach MultiSound(classic) , Tahiti, MontereyЧõʽ, ļ
   ᵽ:
   
     "It is designed for high quality hard disk recording/playback
     without losing sync even on a busy system. Other features such as
     wave synthesis, MIDI and digital signal processor (DSP) cannot be
     used. Also, recording and playback at the same time is not
     possible. It currently replaces VoxWare and was tested on several
     kernel versions ranging from 1.0.9 to 1.2.1. Also, it is
     installable on UN*X SysV386R3.2 systems."
     (ΪƷӲ¼, ʹϵͳش, Ҳ. 粨
     ϳ, MIDIλźŴ(DSP)ʹ. Ҳͬʱ¼. Ŀǰ
     ȡVoxWare , 1.0.91.2.1ĲԹ. ҲװUN*X
     SysV386R3.2ϵͳ.)
     
    [25]http://www.cs.colorado.edu/~mccreary/tbeachҵ.
   
   Kim Burgaard ( [26]burgaard@daimi.aau.dk д˸MPU-401õʽ
   óʽ. Linux LSM µĽ:
   
     "A device driver for true Roland MPU-401 compatible MIDI interfaces
     (including Roland SCC-1 and RAP-10/ATW-10). Comes with a useful
     collection of utilities including a Standard MIDI File player and
     recorder.
     (һMPU-401ȫݵMIDI(Roland SCC-1RAP-10/ATW-10)
      ʽ. Ҳ˺õĹóʽ, ׼MIDI¼
     ʽ.)
     
     Numerous improvements have been made since version 0.11a. Among
     other things, the driver now features IRQ sharing policy and
     complies with the new kernel module interface. Metronome
     functionality, possibility for synchronizing e.g. graphics on a per
     beat basis without losing precision, advanced replay/record/overdub
     interface and much, much more."
     (0.11a, ֽ˶Ľ. аIRQ, пɱΪ
     ģ. ܿɴﵽÿһĶͬɥʧ׼, ز/¼
     overdub(?) 漰ܶܶ.)
     
   
   [27]ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/kernel/sound/mpu401-0.2.tar.gz 
   .
   
   Jaroslav KyselaΪGravis UltraSoundЧд˿ѡʽ. 
   Դ [28]http://romeo.pf.jcu.cz/~perex/ultra, Linux UltraSoundƻ
   ҳҵ Ѷ.
   
   ЧLinux»һ; -- ҵߵ.  2.1.x 
    һԿWindows Sound Systemݿʵ1200 bps AFSK 
   9600 bps FSK Эʽ.  Linux AX25 HOWTO. (()Ҳ
   Ǹ, ̨ VE3ICH)
   
3.3 PC

   ⻹һҪӲʽ, PC. Чʽ
   ϴ , , ʲ, CPUҲ߶. Ľ
   Ӹȵ Զкܴ. 뿴ڸļԸ˽.
   
   Ŀǰ汾1.1, 
   [29]ftp://ftp.infomatik.hu-berlin.de/pub/os/linux/hu-sound/ҵ.
   
3.4 ƽ(ӡ)

   иѡ, ƽвһЩλ/ת. ʱPC
   , CPU Ӹ. ǰһСᵽʽ֧Ԯ, 
   Ӳ˵.
   
4. װ

   ҪLinuxЧ, Ƚ²:
   
    1. װЧ
    2. , ʹ֧֮ԮЧ
    3. 豸
    4. Linux, 
       
   ǽÿһϸ˵.
   
4.1 װЧ

   ˵ָʾ, װӲ, 볧װ.
   
   ɵЧͨпػ, 趨IRQ, DMAͨ, Щ趨.
   㲻 ȷҪ, ճֵ. ܵĻ, 豸(·,
   SCSI, ƽм ).
   
   DOSʹЧ, ͨӦɺDOSһ. Щ(ر
   PnP )ҲҪɺDOSһֵ. ʱҪʵһ.
   
4.2 趨

   װʱõԤȱĺ, ͨǲ֧ԮЧ. Լ
   ʺ õĺ. , ҲҪ°ĺ, 
   С,  õļ.
   
   νķ, Ӧòο [30]Linux Kernel HOWTO. ֻ
   ЧصĲ.
   
   ûб, Ч֧Ԯľ, ȶһºʽ
   Readme (رǹЧĲ)Ǹ. µں
   Чʽ Ŀ¼ҵ, ͨ/usr/src/linux/drivers/sound:
   
CHANGELOG         - ÿһеı
COPYING           - Ȩ
Readme            - , ҪϢ
Readme.aedsp16    -  Audio Excel DSP 16 ЧѶ
Readme.cards      - 趨Ч˵
Readme.linux      - װɢʽ֮ע
Readme.modules    - ɿģ
Readme.v30        - 3.0 ¹ܽ
experimental.txt  - һЩʵеĹ

   һĵĳͺ. Ŀǰ趨ֽѡ.  ``make
   xconfig '' ɽгX11µͼ趨;  ``make menuconfig'' 
   ģʽѡ; ԭʼķ,  ``make config'', ṩ˼򵥵 
   ʴ.
   
   ``make xconfig''``make menuconfig''ʱ, Yes/No ҪرС
   ȷ. ЩԤ𰸶No, Ⲣþȷѡ. ر
   ``/dev/dsp and /dev/audio support'' (CONFIG_AUDIO) ѡͨҪ
   .
   
   ƪļ, Ҽôͳʽ ``make config''. Ȼ˵ʵ
   ķʽҲ.
   
   趨ЧķҲж. һ, ``''(2.0.0ǰĺֻ ⷽ
   ), ʹһڸ趨ʽ. ַԶЧ, Ҫ 
   ``ͽ''ʽ(miroSOUND, AWE32, AEDSP16).
   
   ڶ``'', 趨ĵõѡнϼѵ.
   ⷽҪصЧЧ. ЩPSS, SM Wave, AudioTrix
   Pro  TurtleBeach Tropez/Maui, ԸֻϷ.
   
   ``make xconfig''һ``''. ``make menuconfig'' , 
   Чӻѡ``''``''. "make config", Ԥ
   ``'', Ѿù һ``'', Ҳĳ·
   . ֮Կ"make menuconfig"лϷ.
   
   ǽ``make menuconfig''``''. ܶ趨ⶼ (һ
   )·.
   
   Ҳ԰ЧʽɺĿģ. ҽһʼȲҪģ, 
   Թ , ԰ģ.
   
   ִ``make config''ʱ, ``y''ش, Ч֧Ԯ.
   
Sound card support (CONFIG_SOUND) [M/n/y/?]

   , Ч趨ʽᱻ, ִ. ҪЩװüѡ. 
   Щ ʱҪС, ǰشͲ. ˵, 
   ûPAS16Ч , һ(PAS16)ͲҪ``yes''. Ҫ
   ϵĿ ʽ, ֻ˷Ѽ. Щʽ(MPU-401)ܻ
   SCSI,  ˻.
   
   ڴ˼̵趨ѡ. ÿһ``y''(yes)
   ``n''(no). ʾԤ, ``[Y/n/?]''ʾ Ԥ``y''
   ``[N/y/?]''ʾԤ``n''.  ֱӰEnterѡԤĴ, סԤ
   𰸲һǶԵ.
   
   ʺ(``?'')Դѡļ̵.
   
   Ҳעһ²ÿⶼ, 趨ʽܻǰѡԶȡ
   趨ĳ Щѡ.
   
   Old configuration exists in /etc/soundconf. Use it [Y/n/?]
          ǰ趨Чʽ, 趨ᱻ. ֱ
          ϴε趨, ش``y''. Щı°, Ӧ
          ش ``n'' 趨.
          
   ProAudioSpectrum 16 support [Y/n/?]
          ֻеProAudio Spectrum 16, ProAudio Studio 16޼
          SoundMan 16 ʱ, 'y'. Media Vision޼Ŀ, 
          ش'n', Ϊǲ PAS16.
          
   SoundBlaster support [Y/n/?]
          Creative LabsƵԿ100%Ӳ(
          Thunderboard  SM Games ), ش'y'. Ŀ֧Ԯ֮, 
          ȿReadme.cardsкͿصָʾ ٻش. ȫ֪Ŀ, 
          ǺԿ, Իش'y'.
          
   Gravis Ultrasound support [Y/n/?]
          GUSGUS Max,ش'y'. Ȼͻش'n', ʽԼ
          Ե.
          
   MPU-401 support (NOT for SB16) [Y/n/?]
          ҪС. еĿ֧ԮMPU-401 MIDI, Ȼ, Щ
          Ҫר ʽ. ֿϿʽɳͻ. û
          MPU-401ĵʹʽ Ҳ鷳. Ŀ֧Ԯ
          ֮, Readme.cardsеָʾ.  MPU-401 MIDI
          , ǾͿԷĻش'y'.
          
   6850 UART Midi support [Y/n/?]
          ûش'n'. 6850 UART ٱõ.
          
   PSS (ECHO-ADI2111) support [Y/n/?]
          Orchid SW32, Cardinal DSP16PSSƬ(AD1848 
           + ADSP-2115 DSPƬ + Echo ESC614 ASICƬ)Ŀ, 'y', 
          Ȼ'n'.
          
   16 bit sampling option of GUS (not GUS MAX) [Y/n/?]
          GUSװ16 bitȡӿ, ش'y'. GUS MAX, ش
          'n'.  رGUS MAX.
          
   GUS MAX support [Y/n/?]
          GUS Max, Ȼش'n'!
          
   Microsoft Sound System support [Y/n/?]
          һ˼ٴ. ΢ƵԭWindows Sound System
          Aztech SG 16 Pro (NX16 Pro)Ļ, ɷĻش'y'. Ч
          , ҲԴ'y'. VoxWare֧ԮĿ
          Readme.cards. ЩʽԼһMSS , 
          ɳͻ.
          
   Ensoniq Soundscape support[Y/n/?]
          ĿõEnsonic SoundscapeƬ, ش'y'. ֿ
          Ensoniq, Spea  Reveal(Ҳֿ).
          
   MediaTriX AudioTriX Pro support [Y/n/?]
          AudioTrix ProĻ, 'y'.
          
   Support for MAD16 and/or Mozart based cards?
          ĪЧ(OAK OTI-601)MAD16(Opti 82c92882c929)
          Ч澧Ƭ.  ־Ƭǳձ, һЩƿҲ. 
          ֮, MAD16ҲһЩ֪ TurtleBeach(Tropez), Reveal(
          ʽ),  Diamond(µ)ǵĿ.
          
   Support for Crystal CS4232 based (PnP) cards [Y/n/?]
          ĿCrystal CS4232Ƭ, 'y'.
          
   Support for Turtle Beach Wave Front (Maui, Tropez) synthesizers
          [Y/n/?]
          гĿѡ'y'.
          
   SoundBlaster Pro support [Y/n/?]
          ĿԿProԿ16, 'y'. ԿProݵҲ
          . ش'n'ʡ һ, 'y'Ҳǰȫѡ.
          
   SoundBlaster 16 support [Y/n/?]
          ĿԿ16(AWE32), 'y'.
          
   Audio Excel DSP 16 initialization support [Y/n/?]
          Audio Excel DSP16Ļ, 'y'. 뿴Readme.aedsp16Իø
           Ѷ.
          
   Ȼ趨ʽ춸߽׷. ÿһ'y', 
   㲻õ⹦ܲŴ'n'.
   
   /dev/dsp and /dev/audio support (usually required) [Y/n/?]
          ش'n'Ļ, /dev/dsp/dev/audio(A/DD/Aתװ)Ͳ 
          . ش'y'!
          
   MIDI interface support [Y/n/?]
          ش'n'/dev/midixxʹ/dev/sequencer/dev/musicMIDI
          ӲʧЧ. ѡҲӰMPU-401General MIDI豸.
          
   FM synthesizer (YM3812/OPL-3) support [Y/n/?]
          ش'y'.
          
   /dev/sequencer support [Y/n/?]
          ش'n'ͻ/dev/sequencer/dev/musicʧЧ.
          
   Do you want support for the mixer of SG NX Pro ?
          SoundGalaxy NXЧ, ֧ԮܵĻ,
          'y'.
          
   Do you want support for the MV Jazz16 (ProSonic etc.) ?
          MV Jazz16(ProSonic), 'y'.
          
   Do you have a Logitech SoundMan Games [Y/n/?]
          ޼SoundMan GamesЧ, 'y'.
          
   , 趨ʽʾشͿص趨. ֻͨI/Oλַ,
   IRQDMA . ĳЩҪһЩʼʱҪĵ. һЩ
   ʽ(΢) DSPƬ΢. ʱд.h, ڱʱ
   ʽ. ͬ, Readme.cardsйĿĲԱ˽.
   
   ˵:
   
The sound driver is now configured.
Save copy of this configuration to /etc/soundconf [Y/n/?]
(ЧʽѾ趨.
ҪҪ趨浽/etc/soundconf [Y/n/?])

   ״'y', һ, رĵĻ, ֱϴε
   Ч ʽ趨.
   
   ɾɰЧʽ, ȷ/usr/include/sys/soundcard.h
   /usr/include/sys/ultrasound.hԷ/usr/include/linux µͬ
   , Ƿֱ#include <linux/soundcard.h>#include
   <linux/ultrasound.h>
   
   ׼, Ա뼰װº.
   
4.3 豸

   ΪĲ, ΪЧ豸豸. ͨװLinuxʱѾ 
   , еټһ. (ڲһ
   ûϵ), 豸趨ȷ.
   
% ls -l /dev/sdnstat
crw-rw-rw-   1 root     root      14,   6 Apr 25  1995 /dev/sndstat

   ע: ߴ, ls -l /dev/sndstatŶ
   
   עȷ豸֤һ. 豸ǰ, Ҫ
   ӽ ʽ().
   
   豸, rootִ
   /usr/src/linux/drivers/soundĿ¼Readme.linuxβ, Ǹܶ
   shell scriptؽ. , Linux׼Ҳṩ/dev/MAKEDEV
   script,  ;.
   
   PCʽ, ڸļ, ԾǷҪ豸.
   
4.4 Linux

   Ӧÿ׼º, ʽ. ƽʱװ
   ĵĲ ȥ(Ȼ, һݾɺԷһ).
   
   , һûµѶϢ:(ѶϢ̫, 
   dmesg ع鿴.)
   
Sound initialization started
<Sound Blaster 16 (4.13)> at 0x220 irq 5 dma 1,5
<Sound Blaster 16> at 0x330 irq 5 dma 0
<Yamaha OPL3 FM> at 0x388
Sound initialization complete

   ӦúЧ趨(еĻ)һ.
   
   ÿģ, ѶϢͲʾ(ʱ, ``insmod
   sound trace_init=1 '')
   
   Чʽʱ, Ӧûʾ``Sound initialization started
   ''``Sound initialization complete''ѶϢ. û, ʾЧ ʽ
   û, ʱӦüһĿǰ𶯵ĺûмЧʽ֧Ԯ.
   
   ``Sound initialization started''``Sound initialization
   complete ''ûӡʲᶫ, Ǳʾû⵽Ч豸. ܵԭ
   ûʹ ȷʽ, û֧Ԯ, I/OλַԻ˻û趨
   PnP.
   
   ʽӡ󼰾ѶϢ. 趨ʽ, ʱ,
   ע ЩѶϢ.
   
   Ǽ/dev/sndstat豸. ȡ״̬Ե֪Ѷ, 
   Чʽǲȷ. :
   
% cat /dev/sndstat
Sound Driver:3.5.4-960630 (Sat Jan 4 23:56:57 EST 1997 root,
Linux fizzbin 2.0.27 #48 Thu Dec 5 18:24:45 EST 1996 i586)
Kernel: Linux fizzbin 2.0.27 #48 Thu Dec 5 18:24:45 EST 1996 i586
Config options: 0

Installed drivers:
Type 1: OPL-2/OPL-3 FM
Type 2: Sound Blaster
Type 7: SB MPU-401

Card config:
Sound Blaster at 0x220 irq 5 drq 1,5
SB MPU-401 at 0x330 irq 5 drq 0
OPL-2/OPL-3 FM at 0x388 drq 0

Audio devices:
0: Sound Blaster 16 (4.13)

Synth devices:
0: Yamaha OPL-3

Midi devices:
0: Sound Blaster 16

Timers:
0: System clock

Mixers:
0: Sound Blaster

   ϵҲܻرѶϢ. ``No such file or directory'' ʾ û
   豸(ο4.3). ``No such device'' ʾЧʽû, û 
   . ص4.2֮.
   
   /dev/sndstat, ``Card config:''εļд (``
   (SoundBlaster at 0x220 irq 5 drq 1,5)''), ʾ豸Ѿ趨, û
    ⵽.
   
   ӦÿԷż򵥵Ч. ץЧ, 豸
   .
   
% cat endoftheworld >/dev/dsp
% cat crash.au >/dev/audio

   (ȷûʡԵ춷)
   
   ע, ƽʱcatǷЧз, ֻΪ˼. ȥץʵ
   ʽø.
   
   ֻ/dev/sndstatڵaudio devicesгһ豸, 
   Ż Ч. ûгʲ, ӦüһΪ豸û⵽.
   
   ر``I/O error'', ``dmesg'' ѶϢβ
   , ǺܻܿӡѶϢ, Ҿ ``Sound: DMA (output) timed
   out - IRQ/DRQ config error?'' ѶϢָʽûдЧõӦ 
   ж. пܵԭ, IRQDMA趨û. 
    , ſ赽DMAIRQ䶼Կ.
   
   һֿԭʽͿ. ⼸һν``Կ(Pro/16)
   ݿ ''Կʽ. ״ҪҳĿܴ
   ʽ .(, Ͷ鵽comp.os.linux.hardware)
   
   һЩЧ
   [31]ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/packages/sound/snd-data-0.1.tar.Z ץ
   .
   
   ¼. Ŀ¼, ٲ
   һ:
   
# ˷¼ 4 
EDT% dd bs=8k count=4 < /dev/audio >sample.au
4+0 records in
4+0 records out
# Ѹո¼ķų
% cat sample.au > /dev/audio

   ȻҪЧ˷, Ҫ, ԳûЧ. 
   ҲҲ ҪŪһʽ, 趨˷Ϊװ, 趨¼.
   
   ϲԶͨ, ЧD/AA/DӲ嶼. 
    , οһС.
   
4.5 

   ϲ, Ȼ, Լ鼸ط. Щɼ
    , , Ƚ, ٽһ.
   
  һ: ȷԼĺ.
  
   úĵڴʶǲǸ֧ԮЧĺ. 
    uname:
   
% uname -a
Linux fizzbin 2.0.0 #1 Tue Jun 4 16:57:55 EDT 1996 i386

   ʾ/proc/version:
   
% cat /proc/version
Linux version 2.0.0 (root@fizzbin) (gcc version 2.7.0) #1 Tue Jun 4 16:57:55 ED
T 1996

   ڴǲĵʱ, ˾ɵĺ. ؿ?
    LILO, ǲװ(ƽ/etc/lilo/install)? 
   ,  ¿Ƭ, ?
   
  ڶ: ȷЧʽбȥ.
  
   򵥵ķǰ, ``/dev/sndstat''. еط
   , 趨һ. 趨, װºĵĳ.
   
  : ʱ⵽Ч?
  
   ȷʱĿб⵽. ӦÿѶϢ, ù,
   ͨ dmesgл:
   
% dmesg

   
   
% tail /var/adm/messages

   Ŀû⵽, ĳһ. ȷſװ. ſ
   DOS¹ úܺ, Ӳ. Ч
   ʽ, ´,  ЧͺЧʽ.
   
   һֿܾҪDOSʽ``''. DOS,  
   ̸ʽ, ȻᰴControl-Alt-DeleteůLinux. ȷI/Oλ
   ַ, DMAIRQ趨DOSһ. ЧʽԭʼеReadme.cards
   Եõ趨ͿʾѶϢ.
   
   Ŀûڱļг, Linuxʽû֧ԮĹϵ. 
   ο ĩĲο.
   
  Ĳ: ܴdsp豸?
  
   ǰ``dd''ȡ/dev/audio. Ӧò Ŷ.
   
   , ǿIRQ/DMA嵽, ĳӲ岻(豸ΪLinux֧Ԯ, 
    ʽ).
   
   һټĿǲӲ. ܵĻ, DOS²һ, ȥֿ
   .
   
  ҪЩû?
  
   , ṩἸ:
   
     * СضHOWTOļ
     * ļеĲο, رHannu Savolainenվ, صĺ
       ԭʼ Readme.
     * comp.os.linuxUsenet(comp.os.linux.hardware Ǹõ
       ; Ϊˮ, ڱע "sound", ʺϵרҲŻ
       .)
     * Web/UsenetѰ, ǻѰ, ܿҵܺõĽ. һѡ
        [32]http://www.altavista.com.
     * µLinux.(ֻͷ, µķչúĿܺܲ
       )
     * ŸЧʽ
     * ŸSound HOWTO
     * гemacs, Esc-x doctor :-)
       
5. ֧ԮЧӦ

   LinuxЧ, һЩܻҪӦ. 
   Բ һLinux Software Map, ·, Linux CD-ROM 
   Ѷ.
   
   ٻҪµЧ:
   
     * Чʽת ( Sox)
     * ʽ ( aumix  xmix)
     * Ч ( play  wavplay)
     * MOD  ( tracker)
     * MIDI  ( playmidi)
       
   ๤ʽ, ҲGUIʽ. ҲһЩȽϹһ(
   ʶ), ܻ濴.
   
6. 

   һڻش𾭳Usenet̳ͨʵ.
   
   OSSЧʽվĽ.
   
6.1 һЧ豸ʲ?

   ``׼''豸, ȻЩLinux׼ò̫һ.
   
   /dev/audio
          һ /dev/audio0
          
   /dev/audio0
          SunվݵѶ豸 (ֻ˲, ֧ԮSunioctl ,
          ֻu-law)
          
   /dev/audio1
          ڶѶ豸 (Ч֧Ԯ, ֻһЧĻ)
          
   /dev/dsp
          һ /dev/dsp0
          
   /dev/dsp0
          Ҽλȡ豸
          
   /dev/dsp1
          ڷλȡ豸
          
   /dev/mixer
          ͨᵽ /dev/mixer0
          
   /dev/mixer0
          Ҽ
          
   /dev/mixer1
          ڷ
          
   /dev/music
          ߽ױ
          
   /dev/sequencer
          ͽMIDI, FM, GUSȡ
          
   /dev/sequencer2
          ͨᵽ /dev/music
          
   /dev/midi00
          Ҽԭ(raw)MIDI
          
   /dev/midi01
          ڷԭMIDI
          
   /dev/midi02
          ڲԭMIDI
          
   /dev/midi03
          ԭMIDI
          
   /dev/sndstat
          ȡʱ, ʾЧʽ״̬
          
   PCʽṩ豸:
   
   /dev/pcaudio
          /dev/audioͬ
          
   /dev/pcsp
          /dev/dspһ
          
   /dev/pcmixer
          /dev/mixerһ
          
6.2 Ч?

   SunվЧ(.au)Զ/dev/audioų, ԭʼȡԶ
   /dev/dsp, Ȼһ˵ܲ. ʹplay ʽȽ
   , һܱЧʽ, 趨ȷȡʵ.
   
   wavplayvplay(snd-util׼)ĳʽ, WAVѽ. Ȼ
   ޷ ʶMicrosoft ADPCMѹWAV. ͬʱ, ɰplay(Lsox׼
   )16λԪWAV .
   
   snd-utilеsplayֶеĲ, ŶЧ
   .
   
6.3 ¼Ч?

   Դ/dev/audio/dev/dspжȡȡ, ת򵽵 ȥ.
   vrecĳʽԽϼ򵥵ؿȡʼʱ. ҲҪ, Աѡ
   ҪԴ.
   
6.4 ҿвֻһƬЧ?

   ڵЧʽװüƬԿ, ԿPro, Կ16, MPU-401
   MSS. װƬԿǿܵ, Ҫֶ༭ local.h, SB2_BASE,
   SB2_IRQ, SB2_DMA  SB2_DMA2(Щ²Ҫ). ҲͬʱװһƬԿ
   һƬPAS16.
   
   make config趨µ2.0.xĵЧĻ, Ӧñ
   /usr/include/linux/autoconf.hlocal.h. ῴ:
   
#define SBC_BASE 0x220
#define SBC_IRQ (5)
#define SBC_DMA (1)
#define SB_DMA2 (6)
#define SB_MPU_BASE 0x0
#define SB_MPU_IRQ (-1)

   뼸(ֵϵͳ趨)
   
#define SB2_BASE 0x330
#define SB2_IRQ (7)
#define SB2_DMA (2)
#define SB2_DMA2 (2)

   ʽ׼װƬ:
   
     * GUS (ʽ)
     * MAD16 (Ӳ)
     * AudioTrix Pro (Ӳ)
     * CS4232 (Ӳ)
       
6.5 : No such file or directory for sound devices

   Ҫ豸! μǰ潨豸Ĳ. ȷʵ豸, 
   ż Ƿȷ. (һЩһCD-ROM LinuxײͿܲڰװʱ
   ȷ豸)
   
6.6 : No such device for sound devices

   ĺĲ֧ԮЧʽ, I/Oλַ趨Ӳ岻һ. Ƿ
    Ŀ, ȷ趨Ӳһµ.
   
6.7 : No space left on device for sound devices

   ûнҪ豸, ȻЧ/dev/audio/dev/dsp, ͻ
    . ʱЩ``豸''ʵֻͨ, ҰĴŵ
   .  ձļн豸һСڵָȥִǸscript.
   
   Linux 2.0֮, 豸, ϵͳȴû㹻RAMʱᷢ. ÿ
   DMAͨ, ЧʽҪҳ(8K). ڲ
   16MRAMѾ õϵͳϿܷ. ҪһЩRAM, ٿ豸
   ǰ, ȱ뼰ִµCʽ Ҳ.
   
main() {
  int i;
  char mem[500000];
  for (i = 0; i < 500000; i++)
    mem[i] = 0;
  exit(0);
}

6.8 : Device busy for sound devices

   һЧ豸һֻܸһ. , ܾбĳʹ
    . ȷķ֮һfuser:
   
% fuser -v /dev/dsp
/dev/dsp:             USER       PID ACCESS COMMAND
                      tranter    265 f....  tracker

   , fuserʾ265ų˸豸. ѡ
   ,  ʹ. Ӧrootִfuser, Żг
    ʹ.
   
6.9 Ӳ'device busy'Ĵ!

   Brian Gough˵, ʹһDMAͨԿͬҲռDMA 1
   QIC-02Ŵ ʽ, ``device busy''. ʹFTAPE,
   мӽ ʽ. FTAPE-HOWTO, QIC-02ʽʹFTAPE
   ǱҪ; ֻ QIC-117űҪ. , ʹQIC-117ʽ, ȡ
   QIC-02, FTAPEЧ ʽܹ.
   
6.10 Чŵһͣ

   ֢״, ͨȲһ, Ȼȫֹͣ, ӡ``missing IRQ''
   ``DMA timeout''ѶϢ. ˳IRQDMA. ˶һ, ں
   趨ǲǺӲߵһ, ҲûкͱĿ.
   
   һ֢״һֱظ. ͨIRQͻ.
   
6.11 MOD϶

   ҪMOD, Ҫɹ۵CPU. ̫ʽϵͳӦ, ޷
   ʱ . 漸ֽⷨ:
   
     * ýϵ͵ȡ, ֻŵ
     * ִгʽɵ
     * ĵ
     * ǿЧ( Gravis UltraSound)
       
   Gravis UltraSoundЧ, ӦʹרΪGUSƵMODųʽ
   ( gmod)
   
6.12 Чʱ

   1.0cǰЧʽȫͬҲݵioctl()ʽ. ץ°
   ԭʼ, Ҫı, ִʺ°ʽ. Чʽ
    Readme.
   
   ҲȷӦóʽʱ, ʹµsoundcard.hultrasound.h. 
   ͷİװָ.
   
6.13 ǰܺܺõ, ȴSEGV

   ϸһ.
   
6.14 Чʽк֪Ƽbug?

   Чʽ︽ReadmeCHANGELOG.
   
6.15 Чʽioctl, м?

   һݷԲݰʽڵHacker's Guide to VoxWare. °
   ڶݰ,  [33]ftp://nic.funet.fi/pub/OS/Linux/ALPHA/sound ҵ.
   עĿ¼``ص'', Ŀ¼б. ``cd'' ȥ``dir''
   ͿԷЩ.
   
   дƪʱ, ļѾ4Front TechonlogiesվϿ.
   
   һԴLinux Multimedia Guide, ڲοǽн.
   
6.16 Ҫȫƽ˳¼, ҪǿCPUܰ쵽?

   ⲻûش, ȡ:
   
     * ʹPCMȡFMϳ
     * ȡʼС
     * ĸʽ¼
     * ЧӲ
     * ŵ, CPUʱƵ, ȡС
       
   һ˵, κ386Ӧö8λԪЧϲЧ, FMϳɷ 
   .
   
   Ȼ, MODҪɹ۵CPUԴ. һЩʵԵĲʾ, Ҫ44KHz,Ҫ
   һ 486/50 CPU 40% ; 386/25ܷű22KHz ߵȡ
   .(8λԪЧ, Կ, )һЩGravis UltraSoundĿӲṩ
   ๦, ҪCPUԴ .
   
   ЩǼûCPUĹ.
   
   ĵѧ(CPUڲFPU), soxĳʽ Ч
   תЧ첻. Ȼʽûõ.
   
6.17 PAS16Adaptec 1542 SCSIĴ

   (½seeker@indirect.comṩ)
   
   Linuxֻϳ330(Ԥֵ)334λַϵ1542, PASֻܽMPU-401ģ
   330. ʹȥMPU-401, жԤλַ, Ȼ
   1542 . 1542Ƶ334ʲᶼ.
   
   , 1542PAS-16õ16λԪDMA, һ16λԪ, 44KHz
    ¼, һ潫浽1542ϵӲĻ, 鷳. DMAص, 
   RAMû ʱ, Ȼͻ "PARITY ERROR - SYSTEM HALTED" Ѷ
   Ϣ,  ֪ᵱ. ЩQIC-117ŴЭ̽
   趨 /ʱ, ʹ1542ռŸ. AdaptecBBSInternet
   طץ SCSISEL.EXE ʽ, BUS ONʱBUS OFFʱ, ֱ
   ȫʧ. SCSISEL ı EEPROM 趨, ԱCONFIG.SYS
   DOSʽЧ ־, ֱӽLinuxҲЧ(DOS޲). ֽ
   һ.
   
   һ - ɵSymphonyƬҵؽI/Oʱ, ӿŴ
   ȡ. ĸֿ, PAS-16, ûһƬгֹκ.
   Media VisionBBSиSYMPFIX.EXEԽSymphonyĻſλԪ
   , κ֤״, Ⲣı֤. ҲҪ:
   
     * 徭, ɰľƬ
     * , 
     * ƵЧ.
       
   Young MicrosystemsԸ$30()ĴΪƵİ; ܽ
   ˭ƵĻ ˭ڵİ, ĳҲܻ(ף). ֪
   ProAudioĻ Ž澧Ƭ; û˻Ứ$120Ч, Ȼ6MHz
   AT. ˻ 25-40MHz386/486, ȷ, ܳ
   12MHzϵĻƵ. , ̨һϹ.
   
   һ徧Ƭ, , BIOS趨, Բ
   ȱй.(?) ڶǣ浽ļ緽ʽ (ʽͬʽ), 1542
   DMA ƵʼI/O (й). , Դ绰Media
   Vision, ЩSymphonyƬ ƺǵĿ. ڴ˾һ
   , ʹλ``ʦ'',  ͷǻȥ. ǽ˵Ӳ彲
   ɶһ, ʵԼĶ㲻.
   
   ע: һοܺԭ˼ܶ, н벻ṩ.
   
6.18 ɲͬʱ¼?

   Ӳ, ڶЧǲܵ. һЩ¿֧Ԯ⹦. 뿴
   Hacker's Guide to Voxwareе"bidirectional mode"һ.
   
6.19 ҵԿ16IRQ 2, ʽ׼ֵ

   '286Ļ, IRQ2ж˵ڶжϿ. ͬIRQ 9.
   
6.20 ԿAWE32Կ16ASP֧Ԯ?

   ڹȥ, Creative LabsܲԸΪЩʽѶ. Ѿı
   , 2.1.xҲAWEʽ.
   
6.21 뿪Linux, DOS, ȻЩ巢

   ůDOSᷢ. ʱѶϢ, ΪCONFIG.SYS д
   .
   
   ڵЧ趨IRQDMA趨. ĿLinux
   MSDOS/Windows 趨ֵһĻ, ܻ. ЩЧ׼
   , ȫ reset. (ѵԴصٴ, ʹӲϵresetť)
   
   򵥶Ըǰreset, ѿعٿ, Ҫů(
   Ctrl-Alt-Del).
   
   ȷMS-DOSLinux¶ͬIRQDMA趨 (Ǭ಻ҪDOS
   :-).
   
6.22 LinuxDOOM

   ID softwareDOOMϷ֮Linux, ܶȤ.
   
   ҪȷЧ, ʹ2.90Чʽ; ֧Ԯ˼ʱ
   ``DOOMģʽ''.
   
   Ч16 bit. 8 bitЧ, ȻһЩ
   [34]ftp://sunsite.unc/edu/pub/Linux/games/doomҵһЩʽ, 
   .
   
   DOOM, Чȡ(sndserver)һЩĽ.
   
   DOOMԤ費֧Ԯ(ͬDOS). musserverʽLinuxµ ֧Ԯ.
    [35]ftp://pandora.st.hmc.edu/pub/linux/musserver.tgz ҵ.
   
6.23 Ч?

   øƷʵε, ۲, 춼. Ч
   ť,  Բͬ趨(ͨ)
   
   ûʽ, Ҫ(˷)
   
   ЩЧ͵, ûкõڱμӵ, ײ
   
   , ҵĵ, ҷֺиѡno-hltԽѶ. ѡ
   кܡûȦʱҪHLTָ. Կʱֶ, LILO趨
   м append="no-hlt"
   
6.24 ܷ, ¼

   ܷ, ȴ¼, :
     * ʹûʽѡʵԴ(˷)
     * ʹûʽԴ
     * ԵĻ, MS-DOS², ǲӲ巽
       
   ʱ¼õDMAͨǲͬ. °˳¼DMA趨.
   
6.25 ȽDOSʽ, Ȼҵ"ݿ"û

   , ``Կ''LinuxԿʽö 
   ʽ, . ų(``16λԪSB Pro''SBݵ ``16
   λԪ'')Ŀ, ԿģʽṩDOSϷ. п
    Linux(2.0.1)֧Ԯ, 16λԪģʽ.
   
   ֻһЩ(ܾͨ)Ŀ볢Կģʽ. ¿ֻһ, 
    MwaveΪĿ.
   
6.26 ҵ16λԪԿݿLinuxֻ8λԪģʽ

   ųƺԿݵ16λԪЧʵֻ8λԪԿProݶ. 
   Կ 16ݵ16λԪģʽ, LinuxЧʽ.
   
   ҲMAD16MSS/WSSʽ, 16λԪģʽ.
   
6.27 ҵõLinuxЧ?

   һЩõĵ, ѰLinuxרõЧӦ:
     * [36]ftp://sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/kernel/sound/
     * [37]ftp://sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/apps/sound/
     * [38]ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu:/pub/linux/packages/sound/
     * [39]ftp://nic.funet.fi:/pub/OS/Linux/util/sound/
     * [40]ftp://nic.funet.fi:/pub/OS/Linux/xtra/snd-kit/
     * [41]ftp://nic.funet.fi:/pub/OS/Linux/ALPHA/sound/
       
6.28 ЧʽɲԱɿģ?

   µĺЧʽɿģ.
   
   ο:/usr/src/linux/drivers/sound/Readme.modules
   /usr/src/linux/Documentation/modules.txt(/usr/src/linux/README)
   
6.29 ̨ܰЧ?

   oplbeepʽ, 
   [42]ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/sound/oplbeep-alpha.tar.gz 
   ҵ.
   
   һ, beepʽ, 
   [43]ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/kernel/patches/misc/modreq_beep.tg
   z ҵ.
   
   modutils׼иʽ޲, ֧ԮںҪʱ, ִⲿʽ, 
   .
   
   һЩЧ, ԽPCЧ, Ͷ
   Ч .
   
6.30 VoxWareʲ?

   ֧ԮܶIntelΪ̨UnixҵϵͳĺЧʽ, ҲԶ
   Linuxĵ׼ȡ. 1996ǰ, ߳Ϊ ``VoxWare''. Ȼ
   ҵ, ѳ [44]VoxWare Incorporatedע̱, ٱʹ
   . ʽ ƽOSS/Free.
   
   Open Sound System(OSS)ǸܶUnixϵͳõ, ҵЧʽ, 
   4Front Technologies.  OSS/Free Ѱ汾Linuxϵͳ
   ʽ.
   
   Ѷ4Front Technologiesվ(
   [45]http://www.4front-tech.com/) Ͽ.
   
   ͬһ, ƻTASD(ʱЧʽ)USS
   (UnixЧϵͳ)
   
   ȡøѶ, 4Front Technologiesҳ, 
   [46]http://www.4front-tech.com/. 1997µ [47]Linux Journalд
   OSS/Linux.
   
6.31 ֧Ԯ弴Ч?

   Linux 2.1Ӧȫ֧Ԯ弴. Ҫ弴Ч, 
   в Ҫ.
   
   Plug and Play BIOSPentium, ҪС趨Ŀ. ȷ
    ЧʽI/Oλַ, IRQDMAúBIOSһ.
   
   Linux, 趨ֿ弴ùǴڵ. Red Hat
   վ [48]http://www.redhat.com/ҵ. ҲܰLinuxײ.
   
    Windows95 ʹֿ, 豸Ա趨, Ȼ
   LOADLIN ůLinux. ȷ Windows95  Linux ʹͬ趨.
   
   DOSֿ, ʹԿ16PnPicuóʽ, DOS 
   趨. ȻLOADLINůLinux. һ, ȷ DOS  Linux ͬ趨
   .
   
   ҵOSSЧʽ֧ԮԿ16PnP,  4Front Technologies 
   .
   
6.32 Sox/Play/Vplay ر "invalid block size 1024"

   1.3.67еĸı()SNDCTL_DSP_GETBLKSIZE ioctlǷ񴫻
    4096ķʧЧ. µsnd-util-3.x.tar.gz׼(
   [49]ftp://ftp.4front-tech.com/ossfree еĹóʽܴ״
   . µʽҲ, С4096 bytes, ˾ɹ
   ʽ.
   
6.33 ЧʽΪҪԼ趨ʽ?

   Чʽ֧Ԯܶ಻ͬ趨. ʽеconfigure 
   . ĵ趨߾ûṩĹ.
   
   ˵, µĺĲݵЧʽʹñ׼趨(μǰ
   ``趨''һС.)
   
6.34 Чʽģ,趨ͱ

   ԽЧʽɿģ, ʹkerneldԶ뼰ȥ. Ȼ
   һ - ģʱ, 趨ֻعԤֵ. Щ
   Ч ˵, ̫(Կ16)̫С. Markus Gutschke
   (gutschk@uni-muenster.de)Ľ֮, 
   /etc/conf.modulesмµһ:
   
options sound dma_buffsize=65536 && /usr/bin/setmixer igain 0 ogain 0 vol 75

   ЧʽִĻʽ(ڡsetmixer).
   dma_buffsizeû, Ǳ, Ϊ ҪһЩеѡ
   . иĳҪĻ趨ֵ.
   
   Чʽ, ڿԶ趨, ڿ
   Զִ /etc/rc.d/rc.localнʽӽȥ.
   
6.35 ֻroot¼

   Readme.linuxеscript, ὫЧ豸ɽrootɶ, Ϊ
   ȫϵ©. ·, ʹ߿ԶЧ˷
   Linuxϵͳ . , ԸıscriptеȨ.
   
   Ԥİװ, һʹȻԲЧ. ⲻɰȫϵĸ,
    ʡܶ鷳.
   
6.36 IBM ThinkPadϵЧӲ֧Ԯ?

   LinuxʹIBM ThinkPadϵmwaveЧ֮Ѷ, 
   [50]http://www.screamin.demon.co.uk/鵽.
   
7. ο

   Ƭ֧ԮCD-ROMSCSIЧ,  [51]SCSI HOWTO 
   [52]CD-ROM HOWTO ܿԸõѶ.
   
   [53]Sound Playing HOWTO Linux²ŸֲͬЧֵ
   .
   
   [54]Ultrasound Plug'n'play Mini-HOWTOGravis UltraSound
   PnPLinuxʹõѶ.
   
   [55]Linux SoundBlaster 16 PnP Mini-HOWTOLinuxʹPnP
   SoundBlaster 16 Ч.
   
   [56]Linux SoundBlaster AWE64 PnP Mini-HOWTOLinuxʹ
   SoundBlaster AWE64ķ.
   
   зݽHacker's Guide to VoxWareļ
   [57]ftp://nic.funet.fi/pub/OS/Linux/ALPHA/sound/. Ȼ󲿷
    [58]http://www.4front-tech.com/pguideеȡ, 
   /dev/sequecerȻô.
   
   µFAQUsenet [59]news.announce Լ
   [60]ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers:
     * PCsoundcards/generic-faq (Generic PC Soundcard FAQ)
     * PCsoundcards/soundcard-faq (comp.sys.ibm.pc.soundcard FAQ)
     * PCsoundcards/gravis-ultrasound/faq (Gravis UltraSound FAQ)
     * audio-fmts/part1 (Audio file format descriptions)
     * audio-fmts/part2 (Audio file format descriptions)
       
   ЩFAQҲгһЩͲƷص̳ͨ. µUsenetҪ
   Ч ص:
   
     * [61]alt.binaries.sounds.* (Ч,ܶȺ)
     * [62]alt.binaries.multimedia (ý嵵)
     * [63]alt.sb.programmer (Կʽй)
     * [64]comp.multimedia (ýר)
     * [65]comp.music (о)
     * [66]comp.sys.ibm.pc.soundcard.* (IBM PCЧȺ)
       
    [67]http://viswiz.gmd.de/MultimediaInfo/ иýרվ̨.
   Creative Labs վ [68]http://www.creaf.com/. MediaTrix վ
   [69]http://www.mediatrix.com/
   
   Linux̳ͨ춲ͬ, Ч, Ƶ. ֪βμ, 
   һΪ"help"ŵ [70]majordomo@vger.rutgers.edu. òҪ
   趨Ч, Ϊõ.
   
   ǰü, ЧʽܶReadme, кܶ ʽ
   صѶ. ǳ/usr/src/linux/drivers/soundĿ¼.
   
   ʽ Hannu Savolainen ɵʼĵ
   [71]hannu@voxware.pp.fi ȡ. Ҳиվ
   [72]http://personal.eunet.fi/pp/voxware ֪ʽ״֧
   ԮЧ, ֪⼰ȵ˵Դ.
   
   4Front Technologiesվ [73]http://www.4front-tech.com/, Կ
   LinuxUnixҵϵͳõҵЧʽOSSѶ.
   
   Linux Software MapLinuxļѲο. ùؼsoundѰLSMʶ
   ЧӲӦóʽ֮ð취. LSMںܶ , 
   [74]ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/LSM.gzҵ.
   
   Linux ļƻ(LDP)˺ü Linux ,  Linux Installation
   and Getting Started. ЩɴҪ Linux FTP ȡ, ǻǮ
   Ӳʽļ.
   
   , Ȼе޳, ڴ˴С: ѧѧ
    Linux µĶý( رǹ CD-ROM ЧӦüʽƵ), 
   ұ Linux Multimedia Guide,ISBN 1-56592-219-0,  O'Reilly
   and Associates ˾. ԭʼӢİ, İİҲӡ.
   ڱ,  800-998-9938. ǹվ̨:
   [75]http://www.ora.com/catalog/multilinux/noframes.html ˵ַ
   [76]http://www.pobox.com/~tranter/

References

   1. mailto:jeff_tranter@pobox.com
   2. mailto:yorkwu@ms4.hinet.net
   3. mailto:hannu@voxware.pp.fi
   4. ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/utils/text/sgml-tools-0.99.0.tar.gz
   5. news:comp.os.linux.answers
   6. ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/
   7. http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/mdw.html
   8. ftp://ftp.ibp.fr/pub2/linux/french/docs/HOWTO/
   9. http://yebisu.ics.es.osaka-u.ac.jp/linux/
  10. http://www.psico.unipd.it/ildp/docs/HOWTO/Sound-HOWTO.html
  11. http://www.insflug.nova.es/howtos/online/sonido/sonido-COMO.html
  12. http://linux.ntcic.edu.tw/~yorkwu/linux/howto/sound/
  13. http://members.iWorld.net/mangchi/HOWTO/Sound-HOWTO.html
  14. http://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/translations/
  15. ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/translations/
  16. mailto:jeff_tranter@pobox.com
  17. mailto:yorkwu@ms4.hinet.net
  18. mailto:gregh@sunsite.unc.edu
  19. http://www.4front-tech.com/ossfree/new_cards.html
  20. http://personal.eunet.fi/pp/voxware/new_cards.html
  21. http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/SCSI-HOWTO.html
  22. http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/CDROM-HOWTO.html
  23. http://www.4front-tech.com/
  24. mailto:mum@mmk.e-technik.tu-muenchen.de
  25. http://www.cs.colorado.edu/~mccreary/tbeach
  26. mailto:burgaard@daimi.aau.dk
  27. ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/kernel/sound/mpu401-0.2.tar.gz
  28. http://romeo.pf.jcu.cz/~perex/ultra
  29. ftp://ftp.infomatik.hu-berlin.de/pub/os/linux/hu-sound/
  30. http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/Kernel-HOWTO.html
  31. ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/packages/sound/snd-data-0.1.tar.Z
  32. http://www.altavista.com/
  33. ftp://nic.funet.fi/pub/OS/Linux/ALPHA/sound
  34. ftp://sunsite.unc/edu/pub/Linux/games/doom
  35. ftp://pandora.st.hmc.edu/pub/linux/musserver.tgz
  36. ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/kernel/sound/
  37. ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/sound/
  38. ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/packages/sound/
  39. ftp://nic.funet.fi/pub/OS/Linux/util/sound/
  40. ftp://nic.funet.fi/pub/OS/Linux/xtra/snd-kit/
  41. ftp://nic.funet.fi/pub/OS/Linux/ALPHA/sound/
  42. ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/sound/oplbeep-alpha.tar.gz
  43. ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/kernel/patches/misc/modreq_beep.tgz
  44. http://www.voxware.com/
  45. http://www.4front-tech.com/
  46. http://www.4front-tech.com/
  47. http://www.ssc.com/lj/
  48. http://www.redhat.com/
  49. ftp://ftp.4front-tech.com/ossfree
  50. http://www.screamin.demon.co.uk/
  51. http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/SCSI-HOWTO.html
  52. http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/CDROM-HOWTO.html
  53. http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw.HOWTO/Sound-Playing-HOWTO.html
  54. http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/mini/Gravis-UltraSound
  55. http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/mini/Soundblaster-16
  56. http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/mini/Soundblaster-AWE64
  57. ftp://nic.funet.fi/pub/OS/Linux/ALPHA/sound/
  58. http://www.4front-tech.com/pguide
  59. news:news.announce
  60. ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers
  61. news:alt.binaries.sounds
  62. news:alt.binaries.multimedia
  63. news:alt.sb.programmer
  64. news:comp.multimedia
  65. news:comp.music
  66. news:comp.sys.ibm.pc.soundcard
  67. http://viswiz.gmd.de/MultimediaInfo/
  68. http://www.creaf.com/
  69. http://www.mediatrix.com/
  70. mailto:majordomo@vger.rutgers.edu
  71. mailto:hannu@voxware.pp.fi
  72. http://personal.eunet.fi/pp/voxware
  73. http://www.4front-tech.com/
  74. ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/LSM.gz
  75. http://www.ora.com/catalog/multilinux/noframes.html
  76. http://www.pobox.com/~tranter/
