    
  Jeff Tranter, tranter@pobox.com
  v1.19, 1998 1 23
   alloying@nownuri.net
  1998 5 20

        ̴. Ǵ ϵ Ŀ
  ̹  (configure)ϴ ׸ 󵵰   
  亯  Ե ̴.    ο    
    ̻ ø  ׷ ϸ Ʈ
  ϴ  ̰ ϴ ̴.
  ______________________________________________________________________

  

  1. ϸ鼭
     1.1  
     1.2 ̱ õ
     1.3   ο 
     1.4 Feedback
     1.5 Distribution Policy

  2.  ī  (Sound Card Technology)
  3. Ǵ ϵ
     3.1  ī
     3.2 Ǵٸ  ̹
     3.3 PC Speaker
     3.4  Ʈ

  4. ġ(Installation)
     4.1  ī ġ
     4.2 Ŀ (Configuring the Kernel)
     4.3 ̽  
     4.4 Booting Linux and Testing the Installation
     4.5 ذ(Troubleshooting
        4.5.1 ܰ 1:  ۵ϴ Ŀ    Ŀ Ȯ϶.
        4.5.2 ܰ 2: Ŀ  ̹  Ǿ Ȯ϶.
        4.5.3 ܰ 3: ϴ  Ŀ  ī带  Ͽ°?
        4.5.4 ܰ 4: dsp ̽κ Ÿ   ִ°?

  5. 带 ϴ α׷
  6. 󵵰    亯 (Answers To Frequently Asked Questions)
     6.1   ̽  ΰ?
     6.2    ϴ°?
     6.3   ϴ°?
     6.4 ϳ ̻  ī带   ִ°?
     6.5 Error: No such file or directory for sound devices
     6.6 Error: No such device for sound devices
     6.7 Error: No space left on device for sound devices
     6.8 Error: Device busy for sound devices
     6.9  device busy error  ǥõȴ
     6.10 Partial playback of digitized sound file
     6.11 MOD      ߻Ѵ
     6.12 Compile errors when compling sound applications
     6.13 SEGV when running sound binaries that worked previously
     6.14  ̹ ˷ ׳ Ѱ(limitation) ԵǾ ִ°?
     6.15  ̹ ioctls()   ִ°?
     6.16  ֳ  Ϸ ŭ CPU ڿ ʿѰ?
     6.17 PAS16  Adaptec 1542 SCSI host ͸    
     6.18  ÿ а   Ѱ?
     6.19  SB16 IRQ 2 Ѵ, ׷    ʴ´.
     6.20  AWE32 Ǵ 귡16 ASP  Ǵ°?
     6.21  ϴٰ     ų  α׷  ۵ ʴ´.
     6.22  DOOM ų  
     6.23 (noise)  ϸ   ִ°?
     6.24 带      .
     6.25  "ȣȯ"  ī MS-DOS  ʱȭ Ѿ  ۵Ѵ.
     6.26 16 Ʈ Ϳ ȣȯǴ  ī尡   8 Ʈ ۵Ѵ.
     6.27   α׷    ִ?
     6.28  ̹ Ż  (loadable module)μ    ִ°?
     6.29 system console beep ſ  ī带   ִ°?
     6.30 VoxWare  ΰ?
     6.31 ÷  ÷  ī带 ϴ°?
     6.32 Sox/Play/Vplay reports "invalid block size 1024"
     6.33  ̹   α׷  ϴ°?
     6.34  ̹  ε  ͼ  µȴ.
     6.35 Ʈ    쿡 带   ִ.
     6.36 IBM ThinkPad   ġ Ǵ°?

  7. 

  ______________________________________________________________________

  1.  ϸ鼭

    Linux Sound HOWTO ̴.    
  ʿ  ġ    ٷ  ̿ ΰ
  ڷ Ȱ    ̴.  ȯ濡 忡  
     亯    ī  ǻ ǵ
  õ پ       ̴.

   ۿ ٷ   õ  ī忡  ̴.
   ī Ǵ ǻ ǵ  Ϲ  
  ڷ ϸ  ̴.

  1.1.   

     κ  ̹ ҽ ڵ Բ  
  Ͽ ̸ ۼ Hannu Savolainen (hannu@voxware.pp.fi)
    ϰ Ѵ. Ӹ ƴ϶  Ŀ  ̹
  ƿƼ   ٸ 鿡Ե 縦 ǥѴ.

  ׸ SGML-Tools Ű( ̸:Linuxdoc-SGML) п  HOWTO
      ȯ ϰ Ǿ 
  Ѵ.

  1.2.  ̱ õ

     1.1 
        ù° ;Linux activists mailing list  äο Խ

     1.2 
        ణ  ; ftp Ͽ ͳݻ󿡼 ù°  
         ְ 

     1.3 
          SGML  ȯ; Matt Welsh SGML-Tools Ͽ
           ȯ ;  ణ  ȭ

     1.4 
          SGML  ణ ħ; PAS16  Adaptec1542A SCSI
        adaptor  ȭ(incompatibilities)  亯

     1.5 
        2.5a  ̹ 1.1 Ŀο ; GUS-MAX  
        ּ; ణ  

     1.6 
        "no space on device"   ; Hecker's Guide 
        "hidden" 丮 ִٴ ּ; ֹ (bidirectional
        mode)  亯; "device busy"   ;   ణ
         ȭ

     1.7 
        ASP  AWE32  ; VoxWare 2.9  ; IRQ 2
        뿡  亯; Sound  SCSI HOWTO   ڷ

     1.8 
        DOS   亯; 2.90  ̹ °  ;
        DOOM  ; (noise) ҿ  亯

     1.9 
        (recording)  ȣȯ ī(clone card)  亯

     1.10 
         HOWTO  μ⺻  WWW 󿡼   ; QIC
         ̹ DMA 浹  ; Sound Galaxy NX Pro 
        Logitech BusMouse  

     1.11 
          ;   GPLϿ ; 3.0  ̹
        °  ;  Ǵ  ̹  ;
         (configuration)  ذ(troubleshooting)   
        ;  HTML ũ ߰; CD-ROM HOWTO İ  

     1.12 
        1.3.34 Ŀ ο  ̹; ο  ̽
        ̸; 1542 ּ(address) 333 ƴ϶ 334; Creative Labs Emu
         ASP Ȳ Ȯ ; Creative Labs  MediaTrix 
        Ʈ

     1.13 
        VoxWare ̸  ּ; Ǵ  ī忡  ֽ ڷ
          ɼ; Plug and Play   亯;  ũ 
         亯; ο xconfig  menuconfig ɼ; modutils 
        ̽ ; vger mailing list  ;   Ʈ;
          ణ  ȭ

     1.14 
        Audio Excell DSP16   (  ȿ ٽ 
        ); (configure) α׷ ȭ;   ¸ ;
          ø  mixer gain   ; ֽ 
        Ŀ  2.0;  ̹ ο ̸;  ̽
         Ʈ ѿ  亯

     1.15 
        ſ  ǰų  ʿ  ;  ο ڿ
        ּ; ֽ Ʈ Ű   ִ  ũ;
        Ƽ̵      ; ణ ö  
        

     1.16 
            ; added six month "best before" date; å
          ο URL;  ǿ  ũ; ö  
        

     1.17 
          ߱ ;  ٸ GUS ̹; packet radio modem;
        Linux Multimedia guide  Ҿ  Ϻ ; õ mini-HOWTO;
        IBM Thinkpad   

     1.18 
          ѱ ; MIPs    ߰; 
         ī ġ   ; fuser root 
        Ѿ ϴ 

     1.19 
        ε ߰; GPL ƴ LDP license 

  1.3.    ο 

    ο   comp.os.linux.answers ׷쿡
  Խõȴ.  <ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/> 
   anonymous ftp Ʈ ã   ̴.

  <http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/mdw.html>   Ʈ
  ؽƮ   HOWTO  ã   ̴. CD-
  ROM Ǵ  ǿ HOWTO  ԵǾ 
  /usr/doc/  ã  ִ. ׸ Ǹڷκ μ HOWTO 
    ִ.

    Ҿ  <ftp://ftp.ibp.fr/pub2/linux/french/docs/HOWTO/>
  

  Ϻ  <http://yebisu.ics.es.osaka-u.ac.jp/linux/> 

  ¸  <http://www.psico.unipd.it/ildp/docs/HOWTO/Sound-
  HOWTO.html>

  ξ  <http://www.insflug.nova.es/howtos/online/sonido/sonido-
  COMO.html>

  ߱  <http://linux.ntcic.edu.tw/~yorkwu/linux/howto/sound/>.

  ѱ  <http://kldp.linux-kr.org/HOWTO/html/Sound/Sound-
  HOWTO.html>  ã  ִ.

     κ HOWTO 
  <http://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/translations/> 
  <ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/translations/>  ã
   ִ.

     ٸ  ̱ Ѵٸ ڿԵ  
  ˷ֱ ٶ. ׷    ǿ  ǿ Ͽ
   ̴.

  1.4.  Feedback

  е ϰ  ̳ ؾ   ִٸ 
  ޶, tranter@pobox.com, ׷  ǿ   
  Ű  ̸, ׷ ϹǷμ   Ȱ뵵  
  ̴.

  ڴ   ī忡  Ϲ  ּ Ͽ
  亯Ϸ ϰ ִ. ׷  ϱ,  HOWTO 
  о,  Ŀ  ش ã  ٸ   
  ڼ   ޶. ׸  ̿ ۷
  ýۿ  ī带  ϴ   
  Ѵ.

  CD-ROM  Ǵ μ⺻ ·   Ѵٸ ڿԵ
  װ ָ   ̴.  ּҸ  
    ˷ְڴ.  Linux Documentation Porject ϴ
  ͵    ޶.   ڼ  Linux HOWTO ڵ Greg
  Hankins ( <mailto:linux-howto@sunsite.unc.edu>)  غ.

  1.5.  Distribution Policy

  Copyright (c) 1995-1998 by Jeff Tranter.  This document may be
  distributed under the terms set forth in the LDP license at
  <http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/COPYRIGHT.html>.

  2.   ī  (Sound Card Technology)

    ڿ   ϴµ  ֱ  ǻ 
    ſ   ϰڴ.     
   Ǵ Ż ȣ ó  å  ؾ ̴.

  Ҹ Ƴα (analog) ̴;  Ҹ   
    شѴ. ǻʹ  (digital) ̴; ǻʹ
  ҿ (ܼ)  ٷ⸦ Ѵ.  ī Analog to
  Digital Converter (A/D Ǵ ADC) ̶ ϴ ġ Ѵ. ̰
  ϴ  Ƴα Ҹ (ȮϰԴ ױ⿡ شϴ ) 
  ޸𸮿   ִ  Ǵ ġ ȯŰ ̴.
  ϰ, Digital to Analog Converter (D/A Ǵ DAC)  ġ
  Ƴα  ٲپ ָ 츮 ̸ Ŀ Ͽ   ִ
  ̴.

  ø (sampling) ̶ ˷ ִ Ƴα׸ з ȯ Ű
   ణ  Ѵ. ø ȣ  󸶳
    ΰ Ұ ִ.  ù° ø ӵ
  (Sampling rate) ̸  ð    Ÿ
  (Ϲ samples per second Ǵ Hertz μ ǥѴ). ø
  ӵ   Ȯϰ Ÿ ƴ. ι°  ũ
  (sample size) ̸ ϳ  ǥϱ  Ǵ  
  ǹѴ. Ϲ Ʈ (bits) μ ǥѴ.  ũⰡ ũ
  Ŭ  ȣ  Ȯ Ȯ ̴.

   ī 밳 8 Ǵ 16 Ʈ  ũ 4000  44000 Hertz
   ø ӵ Ѵ.  ϳ ä(mono) Ǵ ΰ
  ä(stereo)   ִ.

  FM Synthesis Ҹ     ̴.   
  (sine, triangle, square ) ϴµ   ΰ ִ. FM
  synthesis D/A ȯ  ϵ 鿡  
  α׷ ϱⰡ ư  .   ī尡 
   ī  Ʈ ȣȯ  FM synthesis Ѵ.
    Ҹ (sound generator) Ǵ voices 밳
  ȴ.

  Wavetable Synthesis D/A ȯ  FM synthesis 
  ä(multiple channel)   ̴.   ̿ϸ CPU
  δ  ָ鼭 ÿ ȭ Ҹ(voice) ޸𸮿 Ͽ
   ϰų Ǵ   ִ.   ä  ī
   wavetable synthesis  Ѵ.

  κ  ī  κ  ȣ mixing
  (ͽ), ռϴ ɰ Բ gain level ϴ  Ѵ.

  MIDI Musical Instrument Digital Interface ̴.  ھǱ⸦
  ܺο ϱ  ϵ  Ʈ ǥ ̴.
  ڿ ǹ      MIDI (bus)
  Ͽ ޵Ǹ MIDI Ϸ Ͽ ٽ ϰų   ִ.
    ī尡 MIDI ̽ ϸ, ׷  ī
  ϴ ī ü  ̿Ͽ MIDI    ִ.

  MOD  ǻ     ̴. ֵ ǥ 
   Ӹ ƴ϶ Ǳ (Ǵ Ҹ)κ   ñ
    ִ. MOD  Amiga computer  Ǿ 
  Ʈ    Ÿ ýۿ ֵ  ִ.

  3.  Ǵ ϵ

   忡   Ͽ Ǵ  ī ̽
   ̾߱ ϰڴ. ⿡ ִ      ֽ
   Ŀο   ̴.

   ̹ ڽŸ  ȣ  ִ. ֽ  
  Ŀ  2.0.33 ̸ ⿡ ԵǾ ִ  ̹ 
  Sound Driver:3.5.4-960630̴.

   ̹  Hannu Savolainen ο  ̹
  Ͽ , װ ǥ  Ŀο ԵǱ   
  ǥ ̴. Ǵ ī   ֽ ڷ
  <http://www.4front-tech.com/ossfree/new_cards.html> (USA) Ǵ
  <http://personal.eunet.fi/pp/voxware/new_cards.html> (Europe) 
    ִ. ̵    ī忡 ؼ  
  Ǵ    ׸ ȴٸ    ̹
  ʿ   ִ. Ŀ  ̹ Բ ִ
  /usr/src/linux/drivers/sound/Readme.cards Ͽ Ǵ ī忡
     ׻ ֽ  ִ  ƴϴ.

    Intel ÷ ۵ϴ  Ͽ  ϴ.
  Alpha ÷  κ  ī带   ִ. ׷ Ϻ
   ī  װ͵  i386 machine Ϻϰ ۵Ѵ
  ϴ  Alpha ýۿ ٸ ġ I/O Ʈ 浹 ų 
  ִ. ׷ غ    ī尡  ۵, ׷
   ϱ ƴ.

      PowerPC    ̹
    ư ʾҴ. ׷ ̷  ̴.

  MIPs ̽ĵ  , Ŀγ      ִ.
  ׷ Ϻ MIPs ӽ EISA   ְų  ġ
  ϰ ִ.  Linux-MIPs ׷   ߰ϴ Ϳ 
   ִٰ ڿ ̾߱ Ͽ.

   Ŀο  Atari  Amiga    ̹
  ԵǾ ִ.  (Intel ÷  ̹ compatible
  subsetμ) ̵ machine   ϵ   ִ.

  SPARC ̽ĵ    带  ʴ´. Amiga  Atari
  ó, SPARC machine   ϵ ϰ ְ,  ο
  ̹μ     ִ( /dev/dsp 
  SunOS  ġ ķ̼ Ѵٴ   ̰ ణ
  ̷ϴ).

  3.1.   ī

   Ŀ  ̹  Ǵ  ī  :

    ATI Stereo F/X (no longer manufactured)

    AdLib (no longer manufactured)

    Ensoniq SoundScape (and compatibles made by Reveal and Spea)

    Gravis Ultrasound

    Gravis Ultrasound ACE

    Gravis Ultrasound Max

    Gravis Ultrasound with 16 bit sampling option

    Logitech Sound Man 16

    Logitech SoundMan Games

    Logitech SoundMan Wave

    MAD16 Pro (OPTi 82C928, 82C929, 82C930, 82C924 chipsets)

    Media Vision Jazz16

    MediaTriX AudioTriX Pro

    Microsoft Windows Sound System (MSS/WSS)

    Mozart (OAK OTI-601)

    Orchid SW32

    Personal Sound System (PSS)

    Pro Audio Spectrum 16

    Pro Audio Studio 16

    Pro Sonic 16

    Roland MPU-401 MIDI interface

    Sound Blaster 1.0

    Sound Blaster 16

    Sound Blaster 16ASP

    Sound Blaster 2.0

    Sound Blaster AWE32

    Sound Blaster Pro

    TI TM4000M notebook

    ThunderBoard

    Turtle Beach Tropez ("classic" but not Plus)

    Turtle Beach Maui

    Yamaha FM synthesizers (OPL2, OPL3 and OPL4)

    6850 UART MIDI Interface

     ī忡 Ͽ Plug and Play (PnP) 𵨰  
  non-PnP   ȣȯǴ  ƴ϶  ˾ƾѴ. 
  , SoundBlaster16 PnP original SoundBlaster16   ȣȯ
  ʴ´.  Soundscape PnP  GUS PnP ī 쵵 ̴. Plug
  and Play õ      Ĺݺο ٷ ̴.

   ʹ ̰ų ̹ ϴµ ʿ α׷ 
  Ǹ ü  ʾұ   ʴ ī̴.:

    Pro Audio Spectrum (original)

    Pro Audio Spectrum+

    older (Sierra Aria based) soundcards made by Diamond

  Ǵ  ī  ϳ ȣȯ̶ ϴ Ÿ ī
   ϵ (, register level) ȣȯ̶ ۵   ̴.

  κ  ī尡 " ȣȯ" ̶ ϴ 
  Ǹŵ  ī߿   ̹ 
  ȣȯǴ   . ̵ ī Ϲ MSS/WSS Ǵ MAD16
  ̹     ۵Ѵ. Creative Labs  ,
  Creative's custom chips (, SoundBlaster16 Vibra) ϴ, ¥
   ī峪 Ǵ MV Jaz16 ׸ ESS688/1688 based ī 
   ̹    ִ. "SoundBlaster Pro
  compatible 16 bit sound card"μ  ̹ Ϸ
   ð ɼ ũ.

   Ŀ Ϻ  ī(: ProAudioSpectrum 16) ϴ
  SCSI Ʈ Ϻ CD-ROM ̺(: Soundblaster Pro)  
  ̽ Ѵ.   ڼ   HOWTO  SCSI-
  HOWTO  htmlurl url="http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/CDROM-
  HOWTO.html" name="CDROM HOWTO"> .

  Ŀ      ѷ  ⿡ ̽ƽ Ʈ,
  Ϻ  ī忡 Ǿ ִ   ,  ϵ   ִ.

  SCSI, CD-ROM, joystick ׸  ̹ Ŀλ󿡼 Ϻϰ
   ̶  ϱ ٶ.

   ī ̹  ֽ  ˰  忡 ϵ
  Hannu Savolainen Ʈ 湮ϱ ٶ.

  3.2.  Ǵٸ  ̹

  ǥ  Ŀο ԵǾ   ǥ  ̹ 
  Ǵ ""  ̹ ִ.

  4Front Technologies    ̹ Ǹϰ ִ.
   Ŀο ԵǾ ִ Ͱ     Ư¡ ϰ
  ִ. ڼ  4Front Technologies 
  <http://www.4front-tech.com/>  湮غ ٶ.

  Markus Mummert (mum@mmk.e-technik.tu-muenchen.de) Turtle Beach
  MultiSound (classic), Tahiti ׸ Monterey  ī ̹
  Ű Ͽ. ڷ  οϸ:

       "busy system ⼺(sync)   ϵ ũ
       / ǰ ̷ Ǿ. wave synthe
       sis, MIDI ׸  ȣ ó(DSP)    .
        ϰ  ÿ ̷  .  VoxWare
        Ǹ 1.0.9  1.2.1   Ŀο
       Ͽ.  UN*X SysV386R3.2 system ġ ϴ."

  <http://www.cs.colorado.edu/~mccreary/tbeach> 湮 .

  Kim Burgaard (burgaard@daimi.aau.dk) Roland MPU-401 MIDI
  ̽ ̽ ̹ (utilities) Ͽ. Linux
  software map entry    ã  ִ:

       "Roland MPU-401 ȣȯ MIDI ̽(Roland SCC-1 
       RAP-10/ATW-10 ) ̽ ̹. Standard MIDI File
       player  recorder    .

        0.11a ķ    ִ.  ߿ Ư
       IRQ  μ      ִ. 
       Ʈγ , ũγ¡   ִ ɼ(: Ȯ
       ϸ鼭  Ʈ ʷ ׷), Ϻ
       replay/record/overdub ̽    ִ."

  <ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/kernel/sound/mpu401-0.2.tar.gz> 
  ã  ִ.

  Gravis UltarSound Card    ̹  ִ. ̴
  Jaroslav Kysela   ̿  Linux UltraSound
  Project Ȩ  <http://romeo.pf.jcu.cz/~perex/ultra>  ã
   ִ.

    ī带 amateur packet radio  
  ġ(modem)μ Ȱ  ִ. 2.1.x Ŀο SoundBlaster  Windows
  Sound System ȣȯ ī忡 Ǵ ̹ Ͽ ̸ ϰ
   1200bps AFSK  9600 bps FSK packet protocol Ų. 
  ڼ  Linux AX25 HOWTO ϶. (ڵ Ƹ 
  ̴, ȣȣ VE3ICH).

  3.3.  PC Speaker

   ϵ   ʿ䰡   ̹ ִ; PC
   Ŀ ϴ ̴.  ī ̹
  Ʈ  ȣȯ ϴ. ׷ Ҹ   CPU
  ϸ   ش.   Ŀ  ణ ٸ.  ڼ
   ̹ Բ Ǵ  .

    0.9b ̸ Ʒ ftp Ʈ ã  ִ.
  <ftp://ftp.informatik.hu-berlin.de/pub/os/linux/hu-sound/>

  3.4.   Ʈ

    Ʈ   ǰ Ͽ D/A ȯ ϴ. ̰
  PC Ŀ  Ҹ     CPU ִ ϴ ũ.
    PC Sound driver package ̸ ϸ ʿ
  ϵ  ȳ Բ ִ.

  4.  ġ(Installation)

  带 ϵ  Ϸ  ܰ踦 ľ Ѵ:

  1.  ī ġ

  2. 带 ϵ Ŀ   

  3. ̽  

  4.    Ŀη   ۵ Ȯ

   忡  ܰ鿡 Ͽ ڼ ٷ ̴.

  4.1.   ī ġ

  Ǹڿ ġ ñų ü ġ   ġ϶.

    ī IRQ, DMA ä,  ÿ ʿ ġ ۸
   ִ. Ȯϰ 𸥴ٸ 忡 ϵɶ õ ä(factory
  defaults) ϶. ٸ ̽(:ethernet ī, SCSI host
  adaptors,  ׸  Ʈ ) 浹 ؾ Ѵ.

  Ϲ DOS  ߴ I/O Ʈ, IRQ ׸ DMA setting 
  ؾ Ѵ.  Ϻ 쿡 (Ư PnP ī) ٸ   ʿ䰡
    ִ.    ʿ ̴.

  4.2.  Ŀ (Configuring the Kernel)

   ó ġ  ̹ ϵ Ŀ Ͽ ̴. ̵
  Ŀ 밳 带  ʴ´. Ŀ  ʿϴ
  ̹ ϵ ٽ ϴ  ̴ּ. ο 
  ׷̵ ϰų Ǵ Ŀ ũ⸦ ٿ ʿ ޸ ڿ
  ̰   Ŀ  ؾ  ̴.

  Linux Kernel HOWTO <http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/Kernel-
  HOWTO.html> Ŀ Ͽ  ڼ  Ѵ.  ⼭
   ī õ Ϳ ؼ  ̴.

  带 ϵ Ŀ   ٸ Ŀ  ̹
  ԵǾִ Readme   ,Ư  ī忡 õ ,
  о   . Ʒ   Ŀ  ̹
  丮, Ϲ /usr/src/linux/drivers/sound, ִ.

  CHANGELOG         - ǿø  ȭ  
  COPYING           - ۱
  Readme            - ֽ ׸  ߿ 
  Readme.aedsp16    - Audio Excel DSP 16  ī忡  
  Readme.cards      - Ư ī  ؾ  
  Readme.linux      - Ŀΰ  ǥǴ  ̹ ġ ǻ
  Readme.modules    - Ż (loadable kernel module) ϴ 
  Readme.v30        -  3.0  ̹ ο Ư¡
  experimental.txt  -  Ư¡   

  Ŀ ϰ ϴ Ϲ  ϶. Ŀ ϱ
      ִ. X (X11) ִ ׷ ȭ
  Ŀ Ϸ "make xconfig" ϶. ؽƮ ȭ鿡 ޴ 
  Ŀ Ϸ "make menuconfig" ϸ ǰ,  Ǵ
  (command line) Է  ȣѴٸ "make config" ϸ 
  ̴.

  "make xconfig" Ǵ "make menuconfig"   Ư ǰ
  䱸ȴ.  Yes/No  ɽ ؾ Ѵ. ̵ 
  ϴ Ʈ  ׻ No ̸  쿡 밡 
   ƴϴ. Ư "/dev/dsp and /dev/audio support" (CONFIG_AUDIO)
  ɼ Ϲ Yes 亯ؾ Ѵ.

  ڴ е  Ǿ   "make config"
   ̶ Ѵ.    쿡  ϴ.

  带 ϴ  ΰ ٸ  ִ. ù° "old"
  ̴ ( 2.0.0  Ŀο Ǵ ).  
   ̹ Ϻκ standalone configuration program 
  Ѵ. ߰ "low level" ̹ ʿ ϴ Ϻθ
  (miroSOUND, AWE32, ׸ AEDSP16 ī)  κ  ī忡
      ִ.

  ι° ޴  ϴ "new" ̴. firmware download 
  ʿϴ  ī忡   . ׷ īδ PSS, SM
  Wave, AudioTrix Pro ׸ TurtleBeach Tropez/Maui  ִ. ̵
  ī忡 "old"  ؾ Ѵ. "make xconfig"  "new" 
  ϰ "maek menuconfig"    θ Ѵ. "make
  config" Ʈμ "old"  Ѵ. ׷ "new"   
   Ŀ "new"  "make config"    ̴. "make
  menuconfig"  Ͽ "old"  ϸ "old"  ٽ  
  ִ.

  õϰ   "make menuconfig"  Ͽ "old" sound config
   ϴ ̴. "new"  ߸ ϸ (ּ κ)
      ߻  ִ.

   ̹ Ż (kernel loadable module)  ͵
  ϴ.  ó Ŀο Խ  ̹ 
  ۵ϴ Ȯ  Ѵ.  Ŀ Ŀ 缳 Ͽ 
  ̹ Ż   ͵   ϴ.

  make config  , 带 ϱ    "y" ؾ
  Ѵ.

       Sounc card support (CONFIG_SOUND) [M/n/y/?]

  Ŀ        ī带 
  ´.  ̶ ؼ ؾ Ѵ. 亯 ߸ϸ п 
  ʿ     ִ.  ,   ī尡
  "  16"   ù° (PAS16) "yes" ؼ
  ȵȴ.  ߸Ͽ ù°  "yes" 亯Ѵٸ "
   ī"   Ÿ  ̴. "make config"
   ߸ 亯 ϱ  ٽ  ǵ   ٴ 
  ϶. "make menuconfig" Ǵ "make xconfig"   ǵư
  ϴ  ϴ. ʿ  ϴ  ޸ 
  ʷ ̴.  MPU401  Ϻ ̹ SCSI Ʈѷ
  浹 ų  ְ  Ұϰ   ִ.

  ⿡   ɼǿ    ϰڴ.   "y" (yes)
  Ǵ "n" (no)  亯϶. 빮ڷ   Ʈ 亯̴.
  [Y/n/?]  "y"  Ʈ 亯̸ [N/y/?]  "n"  Ʈ
  亯 Ÿ.   ؾ 亯 Ʈ 亯̶ Ű
  ε帮 ȴ. ׷ ؾ  Ʈ Ǿ ִ 亯
  ׻ Ȯ  ƴ϶ ̴.

  ǥ("?") Էϸ ش  ɼǿ    Ÿ
  ̴.

    Ÿ   ִٴ  ϶.  ռ
   Ϳ Ϻ  Ÿ   ִ.  Ϻ ɼ
  ڵ õ  ִ.

     Old Configuration exists in /etc/soundconf. Use it [Y/n/?]
        尡 ǵ Ŀ    ִٸ  
        Ǿ  ̴.   ϰ ϸ "y" 
        亯϶.  ٲٷ ϰų ο Ŀη ׷̵ 
        "n"  亯    ؾ  ̴.

     ProAudioSpectrum 16 support [Y/n/?]
         pro Audio Spectrum 16, ProAudio Studio 16 Ǵ Logitech
        SoundMan16  ִٸ "y" 亯϶. Media Vision Ǵ
        Logitech  ٸ ī带  ִ  "y" 
        亯ؼ ȵȴ. ֳϸ װ͵ PAS16  ȣȯ ʱ
        ̴.

     SoundBlaster support [Y/n/?]
        Creative Labs    ī带 
        ְų װͰ 100% ϵ ȣȯǴ ī(:Thunderboard Ǵ
        SM Games)  ִٸ "y"  亯϶. ռ Ǵ
        ī Ͽ  ī尡 ԵǾ ִٸ   亯ϱ
         Readme.cards  о. ˷  ī , 
        ī尡  ȣȯ̶ Ѵٸ "y"   
        ִ. ׷ ۵ ̶   .

     Gravis Ultrasound support [Y/n/?]
        GUS Ǵ GUS MAX  ִٸ "y" ϶.

     MPU-401 support (NOT for SB16) [Y/n/?]
          ϰ ؾ Ѵ. MPU401 ̽  
         ī尡 Ѵ. ׷ Ϻ  ī ڽŸ
        MPU401 ̹  ִ. ̷ ī   ɼǿ "y" 
        亯ϸ 浹 Ͼ ̴. MPU401  ʴ ī忡
        ؼ "y"  亯ϸ  ų ̴.  ī尡
        Ǵ ī Ͽ ִٸ Readme.cards  о.  ¥
        MPU401 MIDI ̽ ī "y" 亯ϴ  ϴ.

     6850 UART Midi support [Y/n/?]
         쿡   "n"  ϴ  ϴ.
        ֳϸ 6850 UART ̽   ʱ ̴.

     PSS (ECHO-ADI2111) support [Y/n/?]
        Orchid SW32, Cardinal DSP16 Ǵ PSS Ĩ(AD1848 codec +
        ADSP-2115 DSP Chip + Echo ESC614 ASIC CHIP) ϴ
        ī带  ִٸ "y"  亯 ϶.

     16 bit sampling option of GUS (not GUS MAX) [Y/n/?]
        GUS 16 Ʈ ø ī(daughtercard) ġǾ ִٸ
        "y"  亯϶.  GUS MAX  ִٸ "n"  亯϶.
         ɼ 츮 GUS MAX ׾.

     GUS MAX support [Y/n/?]
        GUS MAX  ִٸ "y"  亯϶.

     Microsoft Sound System support [Y/n/?]
          "y"  亯ϱ  ٽ     غ.
        Microsoft   Windows Sound System ī Ǵ
        Aztech SG 16 Pro (Ǵ NX16 Pro)  ִٸ "y"
        亯ϴ  ϴ. Ǵ Ǵ ī Ͽ 
        ī尡   "y"  亯  ִ. VoxWare
        õ ޴ ī (For cards having native support in
        VoxWare), Readme.cards  о. Ϻ ̹
        ü MSS ϱ⵵ ϸ   "y"  亯ϰ
        Ǹ 浹 Ͼ ̴.

     Ensoniq soundscape support [Y/n/?]
        Ensoniq SouncScape Ĩ ϴ  ī带  ִٸ "y"
         亯 ϶. Ensoniq, Spea ׸ Reveal ۵ ī尡
        ⿡ شȴ. Reveal ٸ ī嵵  ִ.

     MediaTriX AudioTriX Pro support [Y/n/?]
        AudioTriX Pro  ִٸ "y"  亯϶.

     Support for MAD16 and/or Mozart based card?
         ī忡 Mozart (OAK OTI0601) Ǵ MAD16 (OPTi 82C928
        Ǵ 82C929)  ̽ Ĩ ִٸ "y"  亯϶.
        ̵ Ĩ   Ϲ̸   ̸  ī忡
        ̵ Ĩ Ǿ  ɼ ִ.ٿ MAD16 Ĩ Turtle
        Beach (Tropez), Reveal (Ϻ ) ׸ Diamond(ֽ ī)
        ۵ Ϻ ī忡 ǰ ִ.

     Support for Crystal CS4232 based (PnP) cards [Y/n/?]
        Crystal CS4232 Ĩ ϴ ī "y"  亯϶.

     Support for Turtle Beach Wave Front (Maui, Tropez) synthesizers
        [Y/n/?]
        ̵ ī ϳ  ִٸ "y"  亯϶.

     SoundBlaster Pro support [Y/n/?]
         ī尡 SouncBlaster Pro( ) Ǵ
        SoundBlaster 16 ( 16) ̶ "y"  亯϶.
        Ŀ  ȣȯ ī 쿡 "y"  亯϶.
        "n" 亯ϸ ణ ޸𸮰  "y"  亯ϴ
        ͵  ٸ  ̴.

     SoudBlaster 16 support [Y/n/?]
         16 (AWE 32 )  ִٸ "y" 
        亯϶.

     Audio Excel DSP 16 initialization support [Y/n/?]
        Audio Excel DSP16 ī带  ִٸ "y"  亯϶. 
        ڼ  Readme.aedsp16  .

         Ȯο ϸ ּ Ŀ  2.0.0  2.0.30
         Ŀο     ʴ´.

         ī带  ִٸ Ϳ õ ù
         "y"   ָ ȴ. Audio Excel DSP16 а
          ̴.

   α׷    񽺿     ̴.
  ̵   "y"  亯  Ѵ.  ʿ 
  ʴ ɼ ִٸ "n"  ص .
     /dev/dsp and /dev/audio support (usually required) [Y/n/?]
        /dev/dsp  /dev/audio, A/D ׸ D/A ȯ⸦ 
         "n"  亯ص  ׷ ʴٸ "y" 
        亯϶.

     MIDI interface support [Y/n/?]
        /dev/sequencer  /dev/music ̿ MIDI Ʈ (access)
        ׸ /dev/midixx  Ѵٸ "n" 亯ص . 
        ɼ MPU401 ׸ Ϲ MIDI ȣȯ ̽  ģ.

     FM synthesizer (YM3812/OPL-3) support [Y/n/?]
        "y"  亯϶.

     /dev/sequencer support [Y/n/?]
        "n"  亯ϸ /dev/sequencer  /dev/music   
        ȴ.

     Do you want support for the mixer of SG NX Pro ?
        Sound Galaxy NX Pro  ī带  ְ  ī ͽ
        Ȯ  ϱ Ѵٸ "y"  亯϶.

     Do you want support for the MV Jazz16 (ProSonic etc.) ?
        MV Jazz16  ī带  ִٸ "y"  亯϶.

     Do you have a Logitech SoundMan Games [Y/n/?]
        Logitech SoundMan Games  ī带  ִٸ "y" 
        亯϶.

   鿡 ̾ ī Ư   Ͽ  ̴.
  Ϲ I/O address, IRQ ׸ DMA ȣ . Ϻ ī
   ī ʱȭ  Ǿ  Ͽ  . DSP Ĩ
  ϴ ī Ǵ α׷ ī ٿε Ͽ ʱȭ Ѿ ϴ
  ũμ 쿡 شѴ. Ϻ 쿡   
  α׷ Ͽ .h Ϸ ۼǸ  ȿ ̹
  Եȴ. Readme.cards Ͽ  ī忡 شϴ  ٽ
    о.

       ̴:

       The sound driver is now configured.
       Save copy of this configuration to /etc/soundconf [Y/n/?]

  밳  "y"   ̴.  Ŀ   ؾ 
      ͵ ٽ    ̴.

     ̹ ׷̵ Ѵٸ
  /usr/include/sys/soundcard.h  /usr/include/sys/ultrasound.h 
  /usr/include/linux ִ ش ϰ ɺ ũ Ǿ ִ
  Ȯ϶. Ǵ  Ͽ #include <linux/soundcard.h>  #include
  <linux/ultrasound.h>   ִ Ȯ϶.

   ο Ŀ  ϰ ġ غ  ̴.

  4.3.  ̽  

   ī尡  ۵ϱ ؼ  ̽  
  ʿ䰡 ִ.  ̵  Ϲ  ý ó ν
   ̹ ȴ. Ʒ  ̿Ͽ    ִ. 
  Ʒ   (µǴ ¥ ٲ  ִ) ̽ Ͽ 
     ʿ䰡 .

       % ls -l /dev/sndstat
       crw-rw-rw-   1 root     root      14,   6 Apr 25  1995 /dev/sndstat

  ̽  Ȯϰ Ǵ Ͱ ׵   
   ϶.

  ̽  ۵ϱ ؼ  Ŀ ̹ Ŀμӿ
  ε Ǵ  Ǿ ־ Ѵ.

  幮 , ̽  ߸ Ǿٰ ϴ´ٸ root α
   /usr/src/linux/drivers/sound 丮 Readme.linux Ͽ ִ
  ũƮ ̿Ͽ ̽  ų  ִ. Ǵ κ
    Ǵ /dev/MAKEDEV ũƮ   ִ.

   PC   ̹   Ű 
   о    ̽  ؾ     
  ̴.

  4.4.  Booting Linux and Testing the Installation

    ο Ŀημ ϰ  ̹ ׽Ʈ
  غ  ̴. ο Ŀ ġϰ  ϶ ( 
  ߻ 츦 Ͽ  Ŀ ؾ  ̴).

   ȿ    ޼ ȭ鿡  Ȯ϶
  (ũ ӵ ʹ    ٸ  Ŀ "dmesg" 
  ٽ   ִ.):

       Sound initialization started
       <Sound Blaster 16 (4.13)> at 0x220 irq 5 dma 1,5
       <Sound Blaster 16> at 0x330 irq 5 dma 0
       <Yamaha OPL3 FM> at 0x388
       Sound initialization complete

  ̰  ī   ( ִٸ)  ð ¾ƾ Ѵ.

   ̹ Ż Ŀ    ("insmod sound
  trace_init=1"   Ͽ  ̹ 밡ϰ  ʴ
  )  ޼ Ÿ ʴ´ٴ  ϶.

   ̹ Ŀο  (link)   "Sound initialization
  started", "Sound initialization complete"  ޼ Ÿ ̴.
  ̵ ޼ Ÿ ʴ´ٸ Ŀο  ̹ ٴ
  ̴.  쿡  ̹ ϵ ϵ Ŀ
   ۵ Ȯؾ Ѵ.  "Sound initialization started" 
  "Sound initialization complete" ̿ ƹ͵ ǥõǴ  ٸ
  νĵ  ̽ ƹ͵ ٴ  ǹѴ.  κ,
   ̹ Ȯ ʰų, ī尡  ʰų, I/O Ʈ
   ƲȰų, ϵ  ߸ (Ǵ  ) PnP ī
  ̰ų ϴ  ̴.

  Ʈ   Ǵ  ޼ ǥõ  ִ.  ̹
    ù°   ׷ ޼ ǥõǴ ׷ 
  ؼ Ѻ.

   device  /dev/sndstat о.  ̹
   ʱȭ Ǿ  ߰  Ѵ. Ʒ 
      ̴:

       % cat /dev/sndstat
       ound Driver:3.5.4-960630 (Sat Jan 4 23:56:57 EST 1997 root,
       Linux fizzbin 2.0.27 #48 Thu Dec 5 18:24:45 EST 1996 i586)
       Kernel: Linux fizzbin 2.0.27 #48 Thu Dec 5 18:24:45 EST 1996 i586
       Config options: 0

       Installed drivers:
       Type 1: OPL-2/OPL-3 FM
       Type 2: Sound Blaster
       Type 7: SB MPU-401

       Card config:
       Sound Blaster at 0x220 irq 5 drq 1,5
       SB MPU-401 at 0x330 irq 5 drq 0
       OPL-2/OPL-3 FM at 0x388 drq 0

       Audio devices:
       0: Sound Blaster 16 (4.13)

       Synth devices:
       0: Yamaha OPL-3

       Midi devices:
       0: Sound Blaster 16

       Timers:
       0: System clock

       Mixers:
       0: Sound Blaster

     ޼   ִ. "No such file or
  directory"   ޼ ̽  Ȯϰ ų ʿ䰡
   ǹѴ (4.3  ). "No such device"   ̹
  Ŀμӿ ε Ǵ  (link)  ʾ ǹѴ. 4.2 
  ư.

  /dev/sndstat  "Card config:" κп ǥõ  ( "(SoundBlaster
  at 0x220 irq 5 drq 1,5)"  ) ȣ ӿ ִٸ ̽ 
  Ǿ ν ʾҴٴ  ǹѴ.

        غ  ̴. 
   ⺻      Ͽ 
  ̽ .   ,

  % cat endoftheworld >/dev/dsp
  % cat crash.au >/dev/audio

  ( ɿ ">"  ʾҴ Ȯ϶.)

  Ϲ cat ϴ    ϴ ùٸ 
  ƴ϶  ϶.   ϱ   ̴.  
   (ڿ )   α׷ ϰ  ̴.

    /dev/sndstat audio devices κп ϳ ̽ ־
   ̴. audio devices κп ƹ͵ ٸ ̽ 
  νĵ ʾҴ ؾ  ̴.

    "I/O error"  ǥѴٸ "dmesg"  Ͽ Ŀ
  ޼   о. Ƹ   ޼ ߰  
  ̴. ɼ  ޼ "Sound: DMA (output) timed out -
  IRQ/DRQ config error?" ̴.   ޼  ̹ ˷
   ī interrupt   ī忡 Ǿ ִ interrupt
   Ʋٴ  ǹѴ. κ  ̹  IRQ 
  DMA channel ۵ ʴ´ٴ Ÿ.  ̸ ذϴ  
    ī尡 ϴ  DMA  IRQ   ̴.

   ٸ ɼ, ̽  ̽   ̹
  ȣȯ ʴ   ִ. "SoundBlaster (Pro/16) compatible"
   ī  ̺ ȣȯ ʴ  
  ̴.  쿡   ī尡  ̽ ȣȯǴ
  ˾ƾѴ (̸   ٸ, comp.os.linux.hardware ׷쿡
  ).

     
  <ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/packages/sound/snd-data-0.1.tar.Z>
     ִ.

   (sound recording) Ȯ . Ҹ Է  ִٸ
     Ͽ ׽Ʈ   ִ:

       # record 4 seconds of audio from microphone
       EDT% dd bs=8k count=4 </dev/audio >sample.au
       4+0 records in
       4+0 records out
       # play back sound
       % cat sample.au >/dev/audio

    ϱ ؼ  ī忡  ũ ʿϰ
  ũ   ؾѴ. ũ Է ġμ ϰ  
   Ϸ ͼ α׷ ʿ  ִ.

  ̵  ϸ   D/A, A/D ϵ Ʈ
   ۵Ѵٰ Ͼ ȴ.  ִٸ   ϶.

  4.5.  ذ(Troubleshooting

   HOWTO  Ѵ  ߴµ  ִٸ ؾ 
    ִ. ؾ       
  ϰڴ.   ׿  ִٸ  ܰ Ѿ  
   ذ϶.
  4.5.1.  ܰ 1:  ۵ϴ Ŀ   
  Ŀ Ȯ϶.

   ǰ ִ Ŀ 带 ϵ ϵ Ŀ ˰
   Ŀο   ¥(date stamp)  . uname
   ̸ Ȯ  ִ:

       % uname -a
       Linux fizzbin 2.0.0 #1 Tue Jun 4 16:57:55 EDT 1996 i386

  Ǵ /proc/version  о:

       % cat /proc/version
       Linux version 2.0.0 (root@fizzbin) (gcc version 2.7.0) #1 Tue Jun 4 16:57:55 EDT

  ¥  Ŀ  ñ ġ ʴ´ٸ  ǰ
  ִ Ŀ  ̴.  Ʈ ߴ°?  LILO
  Ѵٸ LILO ٽ ġϿ° (밳 LILO ġϱ 
  /etc/lilo/install )? ÷Ƿμ Ѵٸ ο Ʈ ÷Ǹ
  ° ׸   װ Ͽ°?

  4.5.2.  ܰ 2: Ŀ  ̹  Ǿ Ȯ϶.

  ̸ ϴ    տ Ͽ "/dev/sndstat" 
    ̴.   ٸٸ Ŀ    
  ̴.  Ŀ  ϵ ó ٽ ϶.

  4.5.3.  ܰ 3: ϴ  Ŀ  ī带  Ͽ°?

  õ  Ŀ  Ǿ Ȯ϶. ý ȭ鿡 ǥõǴ
  ޼  . ũ ӵ  Ȯϱ ϴٸ dmesg
   ٽ   ִ:

       % dmesg

  Ǵ

       % tail /var/adm/messages

    ī带 ߰ Ͽٸ  ߸ ̴. 
  ī尡 Ȯϰ ν Ǿ Ȯ϶. DOS  
  ī尡 ۵Ѵٸ ϵ  ٰ Ͼ ȴ. Ŀ 
    ̴.  ī带  ɷ ߰ų  
  Ʋ  ִ. Ǵ   ī尡  Ŀ 
  ̹ ȣȯ   ִ.

  Ѱ ɼ  ī尡 DOS ̹μ ʱȭ ؾ ʿ䰡
  ִ "ȣȯ" ī ϳ ̴.  Ͽ  
  ̹ ε϶. ׷ Ŀ Control-Alt-Delete Ͽ 
  ϶.   ī I/O address, DMA ׸ IRQ  
    찡 ġϴ Ȯ϶.  ī  
     Ʈ Readme.cards Ͽ ã   ̴.

  Ǵ ī Ͽ   ī尡 ٸ  ̹
  װ   ɼ ִ.   κп ִ 
   п    ִ.

  4.5.4.  ܰ 4: dsp ̽κ Ÿ   ִ°?

  ռ  dd  Ͽ /dev/audio ̽κ б⸦ õ
  .   Ǿ Ѵ.

  ̰  ۵ ʴ ٸ ɼ ִ  ̽ ̴.
  /dev 丮 ִ ̽  ,  ȣ (major and minor
  number) Ȯ Ȯ϶. ̽ Ͽ  б  
  ϶.

   ɼ   ϵ   ִ. ϵ 
  Ȯϱ ϴٸ   .

    ִٸ  õ  ͵ ִ:

    Ǹ ￩  HOWTO  ٽ   о

     о, Ư õ  Ŀ ҽ Readme ϵ

    comp.os.linux Ǵ ٸ ׷쿡  
     (comp.os.linux.hardware  ; ̵ ׷ ſ ȥϹǷ 
     "sound"  ־θ  е ϴµ   ̴)

    ˻  Ͽ Web/Usenet search engine ϸ 
         ִ. ׷ search engine (˻) ϳ
     <http://www.altavista.com>  ִ

    ֽ  Ŀ   ( ̸, ֽ  Ŀ
     Ҿ  ִ)

     ̹ ڿ  

     HOWTO ڿ  

    fire up emacs and type Esc-x doctor :-)

  5.  带 ϴ α׷

   α׷  ؼ ̾߱ ϰڴ. Linux Software Map,
  Internet archive sites ׸   CD-ROM  .

  ּ   ϴ  α׷ ϰ 
  ̴:
    audio file format conversion utility (: Sox)

    mixer utility (: aumix or xmix)

    digitized file player/recorder (: play or wavplay)

    MOD file player (: tracker)

    MIDI file player (: mp)

  ̵ α׷ κ text-based  Ӹ ƴ϶ GUI-based
   ִ. е ϰ ;  esoteric α׷
  (:  ռ  ν)  ִ.

  6.  󵵰    亯 (Answers To Frequently Asked Ques
  tions)

  ׷  ϸ Ʈ ϰ   ִ   亯 
  忡 ϰڴ.

     亯 OSS  ̹   ã  ִ.

  6.1.    ̽  ΰ?

  Ʒ ͵  "ǥ" ̽  ̸̴. Ϻ 
    ణ ٸ ̸   ִ.

     /dev/audio
        normally a link to /dev/audio0

     /dev/audio0
        Sun workstation compatible audio device (only a partial
        implementation, does not support Sun ioctl interface, just u-law
        encoding)

     /dev/audio1
        second audio device (if supported by sound card or if more than
        one sound card installed)

     /dev/dsp
        normally a link to /dev/dsp0

     /dev/dsp0
        first digital sampling device

     /dev/dsp1
        second digital sampling device

     /dev/mixer
        normally a link to /dev/mixer0

     /dev/mixer0
        first sound mixer

     /dev/mixer1
        second sound mixer

     /dev/music
        high-level sequencer interface

     /dev/sequencer
        low level MIDI, FM, and GUS access

     /dev/sequencer2
        normally a link to /dev/music

     /dev/midi00
        1st raw MIDI port

     /dev/midi01
        2nd raw MIDI port

     /dev/midi02
        3rd raw MIDI port

     /dev/midi03
        4th raw MIDI port

     /dev/sndstat
        displays sound driver status when read

  PC Ŀ ̹  ̽ Ѵ:

     /dev/pcaudio
        equivalent to /dev/audio

     /dev/pcsp
        equivalent to /dev/dsp

     /dev/pcmixer
        equivalent to /dev/mixer

  6.2.     ϴ°?

  Sun ũ̼ (.au)   Ϸ /dev/audio ̽
     ȴ. Raw  /dev/dsp ̽ . play 
   α׷ ϴ  .  װ κ  
  ν ̰ Ȯ ø ӵ  ī带 ϴ  
    ̴.

  wavplay Ǵ vplay (in the snd-util package)   α׷ WAV
   ϴµ . ׷ ̵ Microsoft ADPCM compressed WAV
   ν Ѵ.  play (from the Lsox package)   
   16 Ʈ WAV   Ѵ.

  snd-util Ű ԵǾ ִ splay   ࿡ 
  鸸 ־ٸ κ   ϴµ   ִ.

  6.3.    ϴ°?

  /dev/audio Ǵ /dev/dsp  д´ٴ   Ÿ ǵ شٴ
   ǹϰ   Ÿ ̷   Ͽ 
   ִ. vrec  α׷ ϸ ø ӵ, duration 
  ϱⰡ .  Է ġ ϱ  ͼ α׷
  ʿ   ִ.

  6.4.  ϳ ̻  ī带   ִ°?

    ̹μ ϳ ýۿ  ,
   , 16, MPU-401 Ǵ MSS ī带 ÿ
  ϴ  ϴ. local.h  Ͽ SB2_BASE, SB2_IRQ,
  SB2_DMA (Ϻ ) SB2_DMA2 ũ (macros) define ָ ΰ
   ī带 ϴ  ϴ.  PAS16 
  ͸ ÿ ϴ  ϴ.

  2.0.x Ŀ ϴ ,   ī带 Ϸ local.h
   ϴ ſ /usr/include/linux/autoconf.h  ϸ
  ȴ.  Ʒ  ִ ġ ã´.

       #define SBC_BASE 0x220
       #define SBC_IRQ (5)
       #define SBC_DMA (1)
       #define SB_DMA2 (5)
       #define SB_MPU_BASE 0x0
       #define SB_MPU_IRQ (-1)

     Ʒ  ־ش.  IRQ   ڽ
   ī忡 ´ ̾  ̴.

       #define SB2_BASE 0x330
       #define SB2_IRQ (7)
       #define SB2_DMA (2)
       #define SB2_DMA2 (2)

   ̹ multiple instances ( ϱ)  
  ʴ´:

    GUS (driver limitation)

    MAD16 (hardware limitation)

    AudioTrix Pro (hardware limitation)

    CS4232 (hardware limitation)

  6.5.  Error: No such file or directory for sound devices

   ̹ ̽  ų ʿ䰡 ִ. ̽ 
     ٷ (section) . ̽  ִٸ
  ,  ȣ Ȯ Ȯ϶ (Ϻ  CD-ROM  ,
  Ȯ ̽     ִ).

  6.6.  Error: No such device for sound devices

   ̹ ϴ Ŀη  ʾҰų I/O address 
   ī  ʴ´.  Ǵ Ŀ  
  Ŀ Ȯϰ  ̹   ϵ ¾
  ġϴ ϶.

  6.7.  Error: No space left on device for sound devices

  /dev/audio Ǵ /dev/dsp   ʿ ̽  Ǿ
    ׵ ̽ Ͽ Ÿ Ϸ   ߻
   ִ ̴.   ̽  Ȯ ̸ 
  ũ Ƽǿ ؾ Ѵ. ̽    
  ũƮ ų ʿ䰡 ִ.

   Ŀ 2.0 ̻ , ̽    ýۻ free
  RAM   ̷  ߻  ִ. audio ̹
   DMA channel Ͽ ּ   (8k)  RAM
  (physical RAM) ʿϴ.  ̰ RAM 16 ް ̰ų ð
  ý ѳ   ߻Ѵ.  ġ ٽ    C
  α׷ ϰ Ű ణ RAM free ·  
  ִ:

       main() {
         int i;
         char mem[500000];
         for (i = 0; i < 500000; i++)
           mem[i] = 0;
         exit(0);
       }

  6.8.  Error: Device busy for sound devices

  ϰ ϴ  ̽ ̹ ٸ μ  ǰ
  ִ ̴. fuser  Ͽ Ȯ  ִ:

       % fuser -v /dev/dsp
       /dev/dsp:             USER       PID ACCESS COMMAND
                             tranter    265 f....  tracker

    μ 265 Ͽ ̽     ִ.
   μ  ٷȴٰ ̽ ϰų Ǵ 
  μ ̰ ̽ ϸ ȴ. ׷ ٸ ڰ
  ̽   Ƿ root  fuser 
  Ͽ ڽ  ٸ ڰ ̽ 
  ƴ    ̴.

  6.9.   device busy error  ǥõȴ

  Brian Gough  , DMA channel 1 ϴ 
  ī   DMA 1 ϴ QIC-02 tape ̹ 浹
  ɼ  ׷ "device busy"  ų  ִٰ Ѵ.
   FTAPE Ѵٸ QIC-02 tape ̹ ۵ϵ 
    ִ. FTAPE-HOWTO  FTAPE ϱ  QIC-02
  tape ̹ ʼ  ƴϸ QIC-117 ̹  ȴٰ
  Ѵ. QIC-02 ƴ϶ QIC-117 ϵ Ŀ 缳ϸ FTAPE 
   ī带 Բ    ̴.

  6.10.  Partial playback of digitized sound file

  Ϲ   .      
  Ǵٰ   ų Ǵ "missing IRQ", "DMA timeout"  
   ޼ ǥϴ ̴.  ɼ ִ  IRQ Ǵ DMA
  channel  ߸̴.   ī  ð Ŀ 
  ġϴ ׸ ٸ ī 浹  Ȯ϶.

  Ǵٸ    ݺ  ֵǴ ̴.
  Ϲ IRQ 浹 ߻ϴ ̴.

  6.11.  MOD      ߻Ѵ

  MOD  ִ  CPU Ŀ ʿ Ѵ. ʹ  μ
  ǰ ְų  ǻͰ ǽð ϱ⿡ ʹ 
   ִ:

      ø ӵ Ǵ mono mode  

    ٸ μ  ߾

      ǻ͸ ϶

       ī (: Gravis UltraSound) ϶

  Gravis UltraSound ī带 Ѵٸ GUS  Ư ۵ MOD 
  ֱ (: gmod)  ϳ ؾ Ѵ.

  6.12.  Compile errors when compling sound applications

   1.0c     ̹ ioctl()  谡  
  Ͱ ٸ ȣȯ ʴ´.  ο ҽ ڵ带 ϰų ο
   ̹ ° Ķ. ڼ  Readme  .

   α׷  Ҷ  ϴ soundcard.h 
  ultrasound.h  ֽ  Ȯ϶.   ʹݺο ִ ġ
    .

  6.13.  SEGV when running sound binaries that worked previously

  ̰ Ƹ     ̴.

  6.14.   ̹ ˷ ׳ Ѱ(limitation) ԵǾ
  ִ°?

  Readme  CHANGELOG  о.

  6.15.   ̹ ioctls()   ִ°?

  ̰͵ Hacker's Guide to VoxWare  κ ޵Ǿ ִ.
  Hacker's Guide to VoxWare  ʾ (draft form) , ֽ
   draft 2 ̴.  <ftp://nic.funet.fi/pub/OS/Linus/ALPHA/sound>
   ã  ִ.  丮 "" (hidden) 丮̸ 
  丮 Ʈ   ̴. "cd"   丮
  ̵Ͽ "dir"  ָ    ̴.

      4Front Technologies Ʈ   ø
   ̾.

   Ͽ ִ Linus Multimedia Guide  ̹
    ã  ִ.

  6.16.   ֳ  Ϸ ŭ CPU ڿ ʿѰ?

     亯  ʴ.  ׿  ٸ:

    PCM ø Ǵ FM synthesis ϴ°

    ø ӵ   ũ

    ֿ     α׷ ϴ°

    disk I/O rate, CPU clock speed, cache size, 

  Ϲ 386 ǻ  8 Ʈ  īμ   Ǵ FM
  synthesized     ִ.

  ׷ MOD  ϴ   CPU ڿ ʿ Ѵ. 
  迡 ϸ 44kHz ӵ ϱ ؼ 486/50 ӵ 40%
  ̻ ʿ ϸ 386/25  22kHz ̻ ӵ ϱ 
  Ұϴٰ Ѵ (  Ϳ  8 Ʈ
  īμ  ̴). Gravis UltraSound ī  
  ī ϵ    ϱ  CPU ڿ  ʿ
  Ѵ.

   ̾߱ CPU ٸ   ϰ  ʴٴ  ϰ
  ִ.

  ġμ   , sox  (utility) Ͽ
    ȯϰų ȿ ϴ  ξ    
  ִ. Ŀ ̹  ü ƹ Ǽ  ʴ´.

  6.17.  PAS16  Adaptec 1542 SCSI host ͸    

  (  seeker@indirect.com  ̴)

   address 330 (Ʈ) Ǵ 334 ϴ 1542  νѴ.
  ׸ PAS  MPU-401 ķ̼ϱ 330 ؾ߸ Ѵ.
  Ʈ MPU-401 δٰ ϴ  浹 Ͼ
  ̴. 1542 address 334 ű   ̴.

  Դٰ, PAS-16  1542 Ѵ 16-bit DMA Ѵ. ׷ 16-bit 44 kHz
  stereo ø Ͽ 1542 ִ SCSI ̹ Ϸ Ѵٸ
    ̴.  DMA ġ(overlap) RAM  ʿ ð
   ʱ     ä "PARITY ERROR -
  SYSTEM HALTED"  ޼ εε ̴. QIC-117 tape
  ϴ  2 Ǹڵ 1542 bus on/off times 뺸 
   ϶ ǰν Ȳ  ڰ Ǿ. Adaptec's BBS
  Ǵ ͳ Ͽ SCSISEL.EXE α׷ ؼ  ذ
   BUS ON time ҽŰų BUS OFF time Ű ϶.
  ׷ Ŀ װ  ϳ (ont notch) Ǵ  ̻ ̵Ѷ.
  SCSISEL EEPROM  ٲٴ ̱  CONFIG.SYS  DOS
  driver line ٲٴ ͺ  ̴. ׸  ٷ
  ϸ  ۵ ̴ (DOS patchʹ ޸).
    -  Symphony Ĩ   (bus accesses) ӵ
  ̱  I/O Ŭ Ÿ̹ ũ  ״. ڰ ߴ
    ߿ PAS-16 ϰ  ͵ Ÿ̹ ҿ
  õ  Ű ʾҴ. Media Vision BBS SYMPFIX.EXE
   ִ.   Symphony bus controller ִ diagnostic
  bit Ͽ  ذ   ̶ . ׷ Ȯ
    .    ؾ ʿ䰡 ִ:

     Ǹڿ    Ĩ ȯ ٰ û϶,

    带 ü϶, Ǵ

    ٸ ȸ  ī带 ϶.

  Young Microsystems  30 ޷   ׵  带
  ׷̵   ̴; ٸ Ǹڵ鵵    带
    Ǵ  ߴ  Ǹ ׵  
  ( ).   ٿ ϸ PorAudio bus interface chip
   ִ. 120 ޷ ¥  ī带 缭 6MHz AT ġϿ
  ҷ  ƹ  ̴. κ 25-40 MHz 386/486
  ǻ͸  ̰   ׸ Ĩ  ε
  ̶ ּ 12MHz bus rate ϴ   ƴϴ. Exit
  soapbox (stage left).

  ù°   Ĩ, bus speed, ٸ ̿  ׸
    ޷ִ. ι°  refresh option  (hidden Ǵ
  synchronous), 1542 DMA rate ׸ (Ƹ) bus I/O rate ޷ִ.
  °  Symphony Ĩ  flavor Media Vision slow design
  ȣȯ ʴ Media Vision   Ϳ  ȴ. Be
  warned, though - 3 of 4 techs I talked to were braon demaged. ڴ
  ׵ ٸ  ϵ Ͽ  ̾߱ ϴ ϱ
  ƴ. ֳϸ ׵ ׵ ڽ    ̴.

  6.18.   ÿ а   Ѱ?

  ϵ   κ  ī忡 ̰ Ұϴ. Ϻ
  ο ī ̸ Ѵ.  ڼ  Hacker's Guide to
  Voxware "bidirectional mode"   .

  6.19.   SB16 IRQ 2 Ѵ, ׷   
  ʴ´.

  286   ̻ ǻͿ IRQ 2 second interrupt controller
  cascaded Ǿ ִ. װ IRQ 9 ϴ.

  6.20.   AWE32 Ǵ 귡16 ASP  Ǵ°?

  ſ, Creative Labs ̵ ī忡  α׷  
  ǻ簡 .   ׵ ׵ å ٲپ AWE ̹
   2.1.x Ŀο Եǰ Ǿ.

  6.21.   ϴٰ     ų 
  α׷  ۵ ʴ´.

  ̰  soft reboot ϸ ߻Ѵ.  ߸ CONFIG.SYS
  Ϸ   ޼ ǥõǱ⵵ Ѵ.

   κ  ī IRQ  DMA  Ʈ Ѵ.
   MS-DOS/Windows   ٸٸ ̷   
  ִ. Ϻ  ī Ϻϰ (reset)   
  ޾Ƶ ʴ´ ( Ŀ ٰ Ѱų Ǵ  ư ϶)

     ذå soft reboot (: Ctrl-Alt-Del) ϴ
  ſ ǻ͸ ٰ ٽ Ѱų  ư ϴ ̴.

  Ȯ ذå MS-DOS   IRQ  DMA   ϴ ̴
  (Ǵ DOS  ʰų :-).

  6.22.   DOOM ų  

  ID software  DOOM ϴ̴ ⿡   ̴.

  Ȯ   ؼ ǽð "DOOM mode" ϴ 
  2.90 ̻  ̹ ʿϴ.

    16 Ʈ̴.   ī尡 8 Ʈ
  <ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/games/doom> ִ  α׷
  ߿ ϳ ̿Ͽ   带   ִ.

  DOOM ϰ    带 ׿ (sndserver
   ̸ ٸ ̸ ٲٸ ȴ)  ̴.

  Ʈ DOOM   ʴ´ ( DOS  ó).
  Ǳ  musserver α׷ ߰ؾ Ѵ. ̰
  <ftp://pandora.st.hmc.edu/pub/linux/musserver.tgz>    ִ.

  6.23.  (noise)  ϸ   ִ°?

  ǰ  弱 (shielded cables) ϰ  ī带 ٸ
   ű   ̴µ  ȴ.  ī忡 
    ִٸ  ٲپ  (Ƹ maximum  
  ̴).

  ͼ α׷ Ѵٸ  ʴ Է (: microphone) 
  (gain)  (zero) õǾ ִ Ȯ϶.

  Ϻ  ī  (shielding)   (grounding)  ϴ
   ̱   ִ.

    ý , Ŀ  ɼǿ no-hlt ָ
   پ  ߰ߴ. ̰ Ŀη Ͽ idel process
  loop  halt instruction  ʵ ϴ ġ̴. ý
   ࿡  ټ ְ LILO   (lilo.conf) append
  = "no-hlt"  ָ ȴ.

  6.24.  带      .

  ׷ٸ  õغ:

    ùٸ ̽ (: microphone) Ͽ ͼ α׷
     ϶

    Է  (input gain) ִ Ͽ ͼ ϶

    ϵ  ƴ   ϴٸ MS-DOS sound
     card recording  

    (playback)    (recording)   ٸ DMA
  channel ̿Ǵ 찡 ִ.  쿡  ɼ ִ δ
  recording DMA Ȯ ¾   ִ.

  6.25.   "ȣȯ"  ī MS-DOS  ʱȭ Ѿ
   ۵Ѵ.

  κ 쿡 " ȣȯ" (SoundBlaster compatible)
  ī  ̹ ٴ ٸ ̹ ϸ  
  ۵ ̴.  κ  ī ȣȯ̶  (
  , "16 bit SB Pro compatible" or "SB compatible 16 bit") Ϲ
      DOS  ȣȯ ϴ ϳ "hack"
   ̴. κ ī ֱ  Ŀο (2.0.1 ̻)
  ϴ  16 bit native mode  ִ.

   Ϻ (Ϲ  ) ī 쿡 
  忡 ۵ϴ   ʿ䰡 ִ. ⿡  ī
  Mwave-based ī̴.

  6.26.  16 Ʈ Ϳ ȣȯǴ  ī尡 
   8 Ʈ ۵Ѵ.

  Ϳ ȣȯ̶ ϴ 16 Ʈ  ī , δ
  8 Ʈ  ο ȣȯ ̴. ǥ װ͵
   16 ȣȯ  16 Ʈ 带 ϸ 
   ̹ ȣȯ ʴ´.

  MAD16 Ǵ MSS/WSS ̹ ϸ  ī尡 16-bit mode
  ۵  ִ.

  6.27.    α׷    ִ?

  ⿡   α׷   ִ ftp Ʈ 
   Ұϰڴ:

    <ftp://sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/kernel/sound/>

    <ftp://sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/apps/sound/>

    <ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu:/pub/linux/packages/sound/>

    <ftp://nic.funet.fi:/pub/OS/Linux/util/sound/>

    <ftp://nic.funet.fi:/pub/OS/Linux/xtra/snd-kit/>

    <ftp://nic.funet.fi:/pub/OS/Linux/ALPHA/sound/>

  6.28.   ̹ Ż  (loadable module)μ  
   ִ°?

  ֱ Ŀο  ̹ Ż μ    ִ.

   ڼ  /usr/src/linux/drivers/sound/Readme.modules 
  /usr/src/linux/Documentation/modules.txt (Ǵ /usr/src/linux/README)
   о.

  6.29.  system console beep ſ  ī带   ִ°?

  oplbeep α׷  ,
  <ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/sound/oplbeep-alpha.tar.gz>
  ã  ִ.

   ٸ δ beep α׷ ִ,
  <ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/kernel/patches/misc/modreq_beep.tgz>
   ã  ִ.

  modutils Ű  α׷ Բ, 带 ϴ 
  α׷ Ŀ 䱸  ҷ  ֵϴ Ŀġ
  ִ.

  Ϻ ī , PC Ŀ   ī忡    ִ.
  ׷ Ǹ  Ҹ  ī Ŀ Ͽ µ ̴.

  6.30.  VoxWare  ΰ?

  Ŀ  ̹  Intel-based Unix compatible operating
  system Ѵ ׸  Ŀΰ  ϳ Űμ 
   ִ. 1996 2  ̹ ڴ װ "VoxWare"
  ҷ. ϰԵ  ̸ VoxWare Incorporated  Ͽ 
  Ǿȴ, ׷     ̴. ̹ ο ̸
  OSS/Free ̴.

  Open Sound System (OSS) 4Front Technologies Ͽ ǸŵǴ پ
  Unix systems   Ŀ  ̴̹.  ý
  Ͽ OSS/Free ˷   ε  ""  ̴.

    ̹ ſ TASD (Temporarily Anonymous Sound
  Driver) ׸ USS (Unix Sound System)  ҷ.

   ڼ  4Front Technologies Ʈ  <http://www.4front-
  tech.com/> 湮غ. 1997 6ȣ Linux Journal OSS/Linux 
  縦 ڰ ۼ  ִ.

  6.31.  ÷  ÷  ī带 ϴ°?

    2.1 ÷  ÷  ̷  ִ.  ÷
   ÷  ī尡  ۵ϴ   ̰  ־
    .

   ǻͰ   ÷ ̿  Ƽ ý̶
  ī带   Ǹ ￩ Ѵ.   ̹
  ̿ ϴ i/o address, IRQ ׸ DMA channel parameters
  ϵ ؾ Ѵ.

  ī带 ϴµ   ִ  ÷  ÷ 
  (tools) Ű ִ.  <http://www.redhat.com/pnp>  ã  ִ.

  95 Ѵٸ ī ¾ Ͽ ġڸ   ִ.
    LOADLIN α׷ Ͽ  Ʈ Ʈ ϶.
  95  ϴ ϵ   Ȯ϶.

  DOS Ѵٸ SB16 PnP ī Բ Ǵ icu utility  
  ִ. ׷ Ŀ LOADLIN α׷ Ͽ  Ʈ Ʈ ϶.
  DOS   ϴ ϵ   Ȯ϶.

   OSS  ̹ SB16 PnP  ī带 Ѵ. 4Front
  Technologies   ̹   ִ.

  6.32.  Sox/Play/Vplay reports "invalid block size 1024"

  SNDCTL_DSP_GETBLKXIZE ioctl ǵִ  4096  ū
  (Ȯϰ) ϴ Ϻ   α׷ , 
  1.3.67  ̹ ȭ Ͽ  ǹȴ. ֽ
  snd-util-3.x.tar.gz Ű ( <ftp://ftp.4front-tech.com/ossfree>.) 
  ԵǾ ִ ƿƼ  ̸  ٷ (handle). The
  latest sound driver versions have also been fixed to avoid allocating
  fragments shorter than 4096 bytes which solves this problem with old
  utilities.

  6.33.   ̹   α׷  ϴ°?

   ̹ پ    (parameter)  ִ.
   ̹ ԵǾ ִ  (configure) α׷ 
     Ѵ. Ŀ ϱ Ͽ ϴ 
  (tool) ̷    ʴ´.

  ֱ Ŀ ǥ Ŀ   (standard kernel configuration
  tools) Ͽ  ̹ ϴ ñ ϰ ִ
  ("Ŀ "   о)

  6.34.   ̹  ε  ͼ  µȴ.

   ̹ Ż    kerneld Ͽ ڵ
  ε, ε (unload)  ִ. ⿡ Ѱ    ִ.
  Ŀ ٽ ε  ͼ  Ʈ  ǵ 
  ̴. Ϻ  ī  Ҹ ʹ ũų (: SB16) Ǵ
  ʹ   ִ. Markus Gutshke (gutschk@uni-muenster.de) 
   ذå Ͽ.  /etc/conf.modules Ͽ Ʒ 
  ߰϶:

       options sound dma_buffsize=65536 && /usr/bin/setmixer igain 0 ogain 0 vo

  ̷ ν  ̹ ε ڸ ٷ ͼ α׷
  ( 쿡 setmixer)  ̴. dma_buffersize ɼ 
   ɼ 䱸ϱ  ʿ dummy value ̴. ʿ 
  ͼ α׷   (gain setting) ߱   
  ϶.

   ̹ Ŀ ӿ Խ , ͼ   Ʈ
   ϰ Ѵٸ /etc/rc.d/rc.local   ý   
  Ͽ Ʈ  ͼ α׷ θ   ִ.

  6.35.  Ʈ    쿡 带   ִ.

  Readme.linux  ̽   ũƮ Ʈ (root) 
  ̽   ֵ Ǿ ִ. ̰   
  (potential security hole) Ʋ  ̴. Ʈũ ȯ濡
  ܺ ڰ  ī ũ ׸ ûġ (eavesdrop)
  Ͽ  PC α ϴ    ִ.  ̰Ϳ
    ʴ´ٸ ũƮ  (permission)  κ ĥ
   ִ.

  ũƮ ġ ʰ Ųٸ Ϲݻ   ִ
  ȴ.  ̰    ƴ ణ   ִ.

  6.36.  IBM ThinkPad   ġ Ǵ°?

  IBM ThinkPad laptop computer mwave sound card  ϰ
  ʹٸ <http://www.screamin.demon.co.uk/> 湮 .

  7.  

  CD-ROM Ǵ SCSI ̽ ϴ  ī带  ִٸ
  SCSI HOWTO and the Linux CD-ROM HOWTO  п  
    ִ.

  Sound Playing HOWTO        
  ϴ Ѵ.

  Ultrasound Plug'n'play Mini-HOWTO plug and play Gravis Ultrasound
  card  ϴ  Ǿ ִ.

  Linux SoundBlaster 16 PnP Mini-HOWTO plug and play SoundBlaster 16
  card  ϴ  Ǿ ִ.

  Linux SoundBlaster AWE64 PnP Mini-HOWTO plug and play SoundBlaster
  AWE64 card  ϴ  Ǿ ִ.

  Hacker's Guide to VoxWare  Ҹ   
  url="ftp://nic.funet.fi/pub/OS/Linux/ALPHA/sound/">  ã  ִ.
  ױ⿡ ִ  κ  <http://www.4front-tech.com/pguide>
  ִ    ִ ͵̴. ׷ /dev/sequencer 
  κи   ִ.

   FAQ  news.announce   ԽõǸ 
  <ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers>  ã  ִ:

    PCsoundcards/generic-faq (Generic PC Soundcard FAQ)

    PCsoundcards/soundcard-faq (comp.sys.ibm.pc.soundcard FAQ)

    PCsoundcards/gravis-ultrasound/faq (Gravis UltraSound FAQ)

    audio-fmts/part1 (Audio file format descriptions)

    audio-fmts/part2 (Audio file format descriptions)

  FAQs  ǰ Ư ϸ Ʈ  archive sites (ftp Ʈ
  )    ִ.   Ǵ ǿ  ͵
  ϴ  ׷̴:

    alt.binaries.sounds.* (various groups for posting sound files)

    alt.binaries.multimedia (for posting Multimedia files)

    alt.sb.programmer (Soundblaster programming topics)

    comp.multimedia (Multimedia topics)

    comp.music (Computer music theory and research)

    comp.sys.ibm.pc.soundcard.* (various IBM PC soundcard groups)

  <http://viswiz.gmd.de/MultimediaInfo/>  Ƽ̵ õ
  Ʈ ã  ִ. Creative Labs Ʈ
  <http://www.creaf.com/> ̴. MediaTrix  Ʈ
  <http://www.mediatrix.com/> ̴.

   ϸ Ʈ 带    ٷ 
  "channel" Ѵ. ϸ Ʈ ϴ  ˰ 
  ޼ 뿡 "help"   majordomo@vger.rutgers.edu  
   (: ̵ ϸ Ʈ  ī ¾  õ
    . ̵ ߰ õ  ٷ ϸ
  Ʈ̴)

  տ  Ͽ,  ī ̹   
   ִ  Readme  Ŀ  ̹ ԵǾ ִ.
  ̵  /usr/src/linux/drivers/sound ִ.

  hannu@voxware.pp.fi    Ŀ  ̹ 
  Hannu Savolainen   ִ. ״ 
  <http://personal.eunet.fi/pp/voxware>  Ʈ  ִ.
  Ǵ  ī ֱ Ȳ, ˷ ,  ׿  
  ˰    Ʈ     ̴.

  USS(  Ÿ Unix compatible operating system  
   ̹)    <http://www.4front-tech.com/> ִ
  4Front Technologies  Ʈ  ã  ִ.

  Linux Software Map (LSM)  Ʈ ã    
   ڷ̴.  ϵ õ α׷
  ȮϷ sound  Ű (keywords) Ͽ LSM Žϴ
    ̴.  <ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/LSM>
    anonymous FTP Ʈ LSM ã  ִ.

  Linux Documentation Project Linux Installation and Getting Started
  Ͽ     å ߰Ͽ. ̵ å ֿ 
  archive Ʈ anonymous FTP Ͽ     
  å   ִ.

   ġ  Ѱ: е  Ƽ̵
  (Ư CD-ROM   ī α׷  α׷)  Ͽ 
     Ѵٸ O'Reilly and Associates  ߰  å
  Linux Multimedia Guide (ISBN 1-56592-219-0)   .  
  Ҿǰ Ϻǵ Ѵ.  ڼ  ϾƸ޸ī
  800-998-9938 ȭ ϰų ׵ Ʈ
  <http://www.ora.com/catalog/multilinux/noframes.html> Ǵ 
  Ȩ <http://www.pobox.com/~tranter> 湮 .

