    {- | This module redefines some of the functions in "Control.Exception" to
    work for more general monads built on top of 'IO'.
    -}

    module System.Console.Haskeline.MonadException(
        -- * The MonadException class
        MonadException(..),
        -- * Generalizations of Control.Exception
        catch,
        handle,
        catches,
        Handler(..),
        finally,
        throwIO,
        throwTo,
        bracket,
        -- * Helpers for defining \"wrapper\" functions
        liftIOOp,
        liftIOOp_,
        -- * Internal implementation
        RunIO(..),
        -- * Extensible Exceptions
        Exception,
        SomeException(..),
        E.IOException(),
        )
         where

    import qualified Control.Exception as E
    import Control.Exception (Exception,SomeException)
    #if __GLASGOW_HASKELL__ < 705
    import Prelude hiding (catch)
    #endif
    import Control.Monad(liftM, join)
    import Control.Monad.IO.Class
    import Control.Monad.Trans.Reader
    import Control.Monad.Trans.State.Strict
    import Control.Monad.Trans.Error
    import Control.Monad.Trans.List
    import Control.Monad.Trans.Maybe
    import Control.Monad.Trans.RWS
    import Control.Monad.Trans.Writer
    import Data.Monoid
    import Control.Concurrent(ThreadId)

    -- This approach is based on that of the monad-control package.
    -- Since we want to use haskeline to bootstrap GHC, we reimplement
    -- a simplified version here.
    -- Additionally, we avoid TypeFamilies (which are used in the latest version of
    -- monad-control) so that we're still compatible with older versions of GHC.

    -- | A 'RunIO' function takes a monadic action @m@ as input,
    -- and outputs an IO action which performs the underlying impure part of @m@
    -- and returns the ''pure'' part of @m@.
    --
    -- Note that @(RunIO return)@ is an incorrect implementation, since it does not
    -- separate the pure and impure parts of the monadic action.  This module defines
    -- implementations for several common monad transformers.
    newtype RunIO m = RunIO (forall b . m b -> IO (m b))
    -- Uses a newtype so we don't need RankNTypes.

    -- | An instance of 'MonadException' is generally made up of monad transformers
    -- layered on top of the IO monad.
    --
    -- The 'controlIO' method enables us to \"lift\" a function that manages IO actions (such
    -- as 'bracket' or 'catch') into a function that wraps arbitrary monadic actions.
    class MonadIO m => MonadException m where
        controlIO :: (RunIO m -> IO (m a)) -> m a

    -- | Lift a IO operation
    --
    -- > wrap :: (a -> IO b) -> IO b
    --
    -- to a more general monadic operation
    --
    -- > liftIOOp wrap :: MonadException m => (a -> m b) -> m b
    --
    -- For example:
    --
    -- @
    --  'liftIOOp' ('System.IO.withFile' f m) :: MonadException m => (Handle -> m r) -> m r
    --  'liftIOOp' 'Foreign.Marshal.Alloc.alloca' :: (MonadException m, Storable a) => (Ptr a -> m b) -> m b
    --  'liftIOOp' (`Foreign.ForeignPtr.withForeignPtr` fp) :: MonadException m => (Ptr a -> m b) -> m b
    -- @
    liftIOOp :: MonadException m => ((a -> IO (m b)) -> IO (m c)) -> (a -> m b) -> m c
    liftIOOp f g = controlIO $ \(RunIO run) -> f (run . g)

    -- | Lift an IO operation
    --
    -- > wrap :: IO a -> IO a
    --
    -- to a more general monadic operation
    --
    -- > liftIOOp_ wrap :: MonadException m => m a -> m a
    liftIOOp_ :: MonadException m => (IO (m a) -> IO (m a)) -> m a -> m a
    liftIOOp_ f act = controlIO $ \(RunIO run) -> f (run act)

    catch :: (MonadException m, E.Exception e) => m a -> (e -> m a) -> m a
    catch act handler = controlIO $ \(RunIO run) -> E.catch
                                                        (run act)
                                                        (run . handler)

    handle :: (MonadException m, Exception e) => (e -> m a) -> m a -> m a
    handle = flip catch

    catches :: (MonadException m) => m a -> [Handler m a] -> m a
    catches act handlers = controlIO $ \(RunIO run) ->
                               let catchesHandler e = foldr tryHandler (E.throw e) handlers
                                       where tryHandler (Handler handler) res =
                                                 case E.fromException e of
                                                   Just e' -> run $ handler e'
                                                   Nothing -> res
                               in E.catch (run act) catchesHandler

    data Handler m a = forall e . Exception e => Handler (e -> m a)

    bracket :: MonadException m => m a -> (a -> m b) -> (a -> m c) -> m c
    bracket before after thing
        = controlIO $ \(RunIO run) -> E.bracket
                                        (run before)
                                        (\m -> run (m >>= after))
                                        (\m -> run (m >>= thing))

    finally :: MonadException m => m a -> m b -> m a
    finally thing ender = controlIO $ \(RunIO run) -> E.finally (run thing) (run ender)

    throwIO :: (MonadIO m, Exception e) => e -> m a
    throwIO = liftIO . E.throwIO

    throwTo :: (MonadIO m, Exception e) => ThreadId -> e -> m ()
    throwTo tid = liftIO . E.throwTo tid

    ----------
    -- Instances of MonadException.
    -- Since implementations of this class are non-obvious to a casual user,
    -- we provide instances for nearly everything in the transformers package.

    instance MonadException IO where
        controlIO f = join $ f (RunIO (liftM return))
        -- Note: it's crucial that we use "liftM return" instead of "return" here.
        -- For example, in "finally thing end", this ensures that "end" will always run,
        -- regardless of whether an mzero occurred inside of "thing".

    instance MonadException m => MonadException (ReaderT r m) where
        controlIO f = ReaderT $ \r -> controlIO $ \(RunIO run) -> let
                        run' = RunIO (fmap (ReaderT . const) . run . flip runReaderT r)
                        in fmap (flip runReaderT r) $ f run'

    instance MonadException m => MonadException (StateT s m) where
        controlIO f = StateT $ \s -> controlIO $ \(RunIO run) -> let
                        run' = RunIO (fmap (StateT . const) . run . flip runStateT s)
                        in fmap (flip runStateT s) $ f run'

    instance MonadException m => MonadException (MaybeT m) where
        controlIO f = MaybeT $ controlIO $ \(RunIO run) -> let
                        run' = RunIO (fmap MaybeT . run . runMaybeT)
                        in fmap runMaybeT $ f run'

    instance (MonadException m, Error e) => MonadException (ErrorT e m) where
        controlIO f = ErrorT $ controlIO $ \(RunIO run) -> let
                        run' = RunIO (fmap ErrorT . run . runErrorT)
                        in fmap runErrorT $ f run'

    instance MonadException m => MonadException (ListT m) where
        controlIO f = ListT $ controlIO $ \(RunIO run) -> let
                        run' = RunIO (fmap ListT . run . runListT)
                        in fmap runListT $ f run'

    instance (Monoid w, MonadException m) => MonadException (WriterT w m) where
        controlIO f = WriterT $ controlIO $ \(RunIO run) -> let
                        run' = RunIO (fmap WriterT . run . runWriterT)
                        in fmap runWriterT $ f run'

    instance (Monoid w, MonadException m) => MonadException (RWST r w s m) where
        controlIO f = RWST $ \r s -> controlIO $ \(RunIO run) -> let
                        run' = RunIO (fmap (\act -> RWST (\_ _ -> act))
                                        . run . (\m -> runRWST m r s))
                        in fmap (\m -> runRWST m r s) $ f run'